- it is herbaceous, decorative, beautifully flowering, perennial belonging to the Liliaceae family. In the common people, the presented type of tulips is called nymphaean, which is justified by its resemblance to the inflorescences of water lilies or water lilies. On Latin the name of this plant will sound like this Tulipa kaufmanniana.
Area
For the first time, the considered plant species was found in the provinces of cities such as Tashkent and Angren. The presented flower culture in honor of the Russian military leader, Governor-General of the Northwestern Territory Konstantin Petroovich von Kaufman and described in 1877 by a botanist, a scientist gardener Eduard Ludvigovich Regel. In the wild, the Kaufman tulip chooses slopes and plains with actively developed vegetation, it can grow on rocky terrain, but this factor is quite rare. The habitat is such countries and republics as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and partly Tajikistan along the Tien Shan mountain system.Characteristics of culture
The Kaufman tulip is one of the the most beautiful species genus Tulip, which rises above the ground to a height of 50 centimeters. At the base of the smooth, leafless, glaucous stem, there are 2 to 4 wide, lanceolate leaves of the same shade. At the top of the peduncle, there is a rather voluminous cup-shaped inflorescence with petals narrowed to the top, similar to a six-pointed star, about 8 centimeters in diameter and 10 centimeters in height.The color of the inflorescence directly depends on the variety, and can be very diverse from white to maroon, but a characteristic feature of this species for all varieties is contrasting stripes on outside perianth petals. The color of the petals at the base varies from light yellow to maroon. In the middle of the inflorescence, a bunch of filamentous anthers and stamens of brown or purple color are located.
When examined in detail, the fruit resembles a small dark green tricuspid box with seeds; in an adult, fully developed plant, the number of seeds reaches 250 pieces. The bulb of the presented plant species has a miniature ovoid shape, is completely covered with almost black, hard, leathery scales, and reaches a diameter of no more than 4 centimeters. Annual roots.
The considered species of tulips is distinguished by early flowering. Beautiful and bright opened inflorescences can be observed already at the beginning of May, and this period lasts for several weeks, which directly depends on climatic conditions, watering and plant varieties.
Varieties
The Kaufman tulip already belongs to early flowering plants, but with the help of selection, varieties were bred that begin to bloom even earlier than the founder of the species, their buds open in mid-April and the flowering period can last from several weeks to one and a half months.These varieties include:
Bellini Professor van Tubergen bred this variety of the presented species of tulips in 1948. The inflorescence of the bred hybrid reaches 9 centimeters in height and about 7 centimeters in diameter, oval-shaped cream-colored petals with scarlet stripes along the back.
Variety Corona "Corona" bred by the same professor as Bellini, the plants reach 30 centimeters in height, the diameter of the inflorescence is 5 centimeters, and the height is about 7 centimeters. The petals have a pointed upward shape, a red tint with a bright golden base.
Lady Rose- a very bright representative of the plant species in question, it reaches 30 centimeters in height, has a pale pink color of petals with a pale red spot at the base. The inflorescence is about 7 centimeters high with petals pointed upwards.
The Harlequin variety is another very early flowering representative of this plant species, it was bred in 1958 by the botanist L. Stassen, the plant reaches a height of 40 centimeters with an inflorescence diameter of 7 - 10 centimeters. The perianth petals are narrowed towards the top, scarlet-red in color with a soft beige edging.
Many, choosing tulips, are lost in species and varieties. They do not know what to choose, and how this or that species differs from each other. Greig, Kaufman, and Foster tulips are the same "Botanical tulips", only separated into separate classes. And they got the name in honor of the great scientists. What is the difference between these classes, we will tell you.
Greig's tulip class
This class is named after the President of the Russian Society of Gardeners Samuil Alekseevich Greig - the President of the Russian Society of Gardeners. In 1870, he proposed the idea of creating the Admiralty Garden in St. Petersburg for the 200th anniversary of the birth of Peter I. Tulips belonging to this class were collected and described in the Karatau mountains in Kazakhstan. These tulips are short, 20-35 cm high, have large flowers, mostly red or orange, some two-colored. The leaves are distinguished by a special charm, they are "striped" decorated with stripes of purple or burgundy. This makes them beautiful both before and after flowering. Greig's tulips refer to early species... During flowering they are beautiful !!! They will become leaders on an alpine slide, in a rocky garden and just in a flower garden.
The most popular varieties:
Tulip Tulipa Pinocchio - as a rule, of short stature, with huge flowers in relation to its height: it reaches a height of only 12-30 cm. The flowers are large with a wide base, bent tops and a slight bend in the middle. They have a pleasant aroma. Painted in white-cream color with wide bright red stripes in the middle of the petal. The middle of the flower is yellow. The buds are pyramidal. Attractive foliage in deep green with purple markings. Blooms in late March - early April.
Tulip Tulipa cape cod - reaches a height of only 12-30 cm. It has very large yellow flowers with broad strokes of bright red. They bloom in mid-spring. Flowers with a wide base, bent tops and a slight bend in the middle. The buds are pyramidal. Attractive grayish green foliage with purple flecks.
Tulip Czaar Peter - flowers are large with a wide base, bent tops and a slight bend in the middle. They have a pleasant aroma. They are painted in red-white color with alternating wide stripes. The flowers are emphasized by green foliage with a well-visible purple streak. The peduncle is low, up to 20 cm. It blooms in late March - early April.
Tulip Albion Star - flowers are large with a wide base, bent tops and a slight bend in the middle. They have a pleasant aroma. They are painted in white-cream color with a shade of pink. The middle of the flower is yellow. Leaves are dark green, speckled. Blooms in late March - early April. Plant height 15-25 cm.
Tulips Mary Ann - The flowers of this tulip variety are large, with bent tips of the petals. The color is red and yellow with a dark red tint. Height is only 20-35 centimeters. It has the shape of a glass with a height of 6-9 cm.
Kaufman tulips class
This class is named after Konstantin Petrovich Kaufman. He was the governor-general of Turkestan and the commander of the troops of the Turkestan military district since 1867. At the end of the 1860s. Konstantin Petrovich, being a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, invited scientists from the Russian Society of Natural Science Lovers to participate in the study of the nature of Turkestan. It was during this period that tulips grew in the vicinity of Tashkent. They were collected and described by the Russian botanist Eduard Regel.
Tulips belonging to this class are low, 15-20 cm high. Therefore, they need to be planted only in the foreground. They bloom in early spring, together with snowdrops. Kaufman tulips have one distinctive feature - a special star-shaped flower shape. On a sunny day, they fully open, transforming into a large star. They make a stunning impression after a long winter. Another advantage of this class is that they are in one place, they can not be dug up, they can be grown for a long time. They are not affected by fungal and viral diseases.
The most popular varieties:
Tulip Johann Strauss - one of the earliest flowering varieties. The flowers are multi-colored. They are painted on the outside in cream, red and yellow colors, but inside - only in cream and yellow colors. Spreading leaves, dark green. When the flowers are open, they are very similar to water lily inflorescences on very short stems. Plant height 15-25 cm. This variety is best planted in groups of 5 or more bulbs. Blooms for 2-4 weeks.
Tulip Tulipa concerto - a new variety, with beautiful gray foliage, white (cream) flowers with a yellow-black center. Delicate water lily tulips will delight everyone. It is an early flowering plant. This variety has single flowers about 8 cm in diameter. They are on relatively low stems from 30 to 45 cm tall. Spreading leaves, wide. When the flowers are open, they are very similar to the inflorescences of a water lily. Bloom time: April.
Tulip Tulipa stresa - its rich yellow flowers with characteristic pink-red stripes at the base of each petal bathe in the rays of the spring sun. It blooms for 2-4 weeks. The bright flowers contrast effectively with the unique foliage - gray-green with purple and red stripes. This variety has single flowers from 8 to 10 cm in diameter. They are on relatively short stems from 10 to 30 cm in height. When the flowers are open, they are very similar to water lily inflorescences on very short stems. Flowering period: March-April.
Tulip Tulipa the first - when its flowers are fully open, they resemble water lilies. One of the earliest flowering varieties. This variety is the earliest among early flowering tulips... It will delight you with its flowers in early April. In the buds it has white petals with carmine edges, very much like lighted candles. And when the flowers are open, the petals are visible Ivory with a yellow throat. This variety has a long flowering period: it blooms for 2-4 weeks. The bright flowers contrast effectively with the unique foliage - gray-green with purple stripes.
Tulips Ice Stick - the flower is white-pink. The height of the plant is low, only 15-20 cm. The flowering period of this tulip falls in April, May.
Foster's class tulips
This class is named after the famous Shelford gardener, Professor Michael Foster. This variety was first described on May 26, 1906. However, Foster's tulips became widespread only three decades later, when the great Derek Lefeber introduced into the culture the Red Emperor variety, which was later renamed in honor of the breeder's wife to Madame Lefeber. It was Foster's tulips that became the basis for the famous, which in the former Soviet Union was called “ Dutch tulips". V natural conditions these Foster tulips grow in Uzbekistan.
Tulips of this class are distinguished by a rich bright color and a special goblet flower shape. These tulips almost never get sick with anything. But in order for them to bloom annually and profusely, you need to know a little secret that we will reveal to you. During the period of laying the flower buds in the bulbs (this is in summer), they need a temperature of at least 25 ° C. In regions with a warm climate, this is not a problem, but in cooler regions in summer, it is better to dig up and store the bulbs at a temperature not lower than 25 ° C (but only during the formation of a flower bud - in summer). You need to dig up and growing in the shade or under trees.
The most popular varieties:
Tulip Tulipa madame lefeber / red emperor - the most popular variety in the world. Its flowers are simple, the buds are elongated, the perianths are bell-shaped. Their color is bright red with a black center. They look very touching due to their bright color and sophisticated flower shape. The height of the glass is about 7 cm. When the bud opens on a sunny day, you can see a yellowish center, yellowish-green filaments, and light purple anthers. Flowers without aroma. Long bloom: from 9 to 16 days. The stems of the tulip are pubescent, usually dark in the upper part. The leaves are wide, gray-green in color. This variety grows to a height of 35 - 40 cm.
Tulip Borderlegend - spectacular water lily tulips. The flowers are bicolor: they are white with red markings. When the flowers are open, a yellow center is visible. The flowers contrast effectively with the foliage - a dark green color. Bloom time: April.
Tulip Variety Zombie - the flower has an orange-red color, turning to the bottom just in red, with a lemon-yellow edging along the edges of the petals. The height of the flower glass is 12-15 centimeters. An adult tulip grows 35-45 cm. The optimal planting period is September - October. It blooms from late April to the second half of May.
Tulip Sweetheart - 25-35 centimeters high. The bud is colored lemon yellow, and at the edges of the petals, it turns into creamy white. It blooms in the second half of April - first half of May.
Tulips Pirand - flowers are red and white. Plant height 30-45 cm.
Tulip Tulipa rosy dream - flowers of a charming pink or pink-lilac color with white markings, effectively contrasting with the unique foliage - dark green with dark red-brown stripes. This variety has single flowers about 8 cm in diameter.
Tulip Tulipa golden emperor - the flowers are simple, the buds are elongated, the perianths are bell-shaped. Color - golden yellow. They look very touching - thanks to the bright color and sophisticated shape of the flower. The height of the glass is about 7 cm. When the bud opens on a sunny day, you can see a yellowish center, yellowish-green filaments, and light purple anthers. Long bloom: from 9 to 16 days. The stems of the tulip are pubescent, usually dark in the upper part. The leaves are wide, gray-green in color. This variety grows up to 40 cm in height.
Tulips are familiar to everyone. The first thing associated with these colors is the Netherlands. Even if this is not the homeland of flowers, it was there that their selection was raised to the level of art. The number of varieties exceeded two thousand. What kind of hybrids do not appear in our gardens and flower shops. Some look like tropical birds, others look like amazing stars that are full of a riot of colors: snow-white and pink, black and deep purple. One cannot remain indifferent to tulips, they fall in love with themselves at first sight.
Classification of tulips
Lovers bulbous plants are not by hearsay familiar with their diversity. The number of tulip varieties is off scale and it is not surprising that at some point their classification was needed.
The first attempt to divide all species into groups with common features was made back in 1913 in the Netherlands and Great Britain, but the work was completed only by 1929. Although it would be wrong to say that it is over, since to this day an international register is maintained, which includes varietal tulips. Tulip varieties that are outdated are excluded, and new breeding achievements are added. Now the register includes 2500 species, and in nature there are more than ten thousand.
According to modern classification, on this moment 15 classes of tulips are allocated. They, in turn, are combined into four large groups: early flowering, medium flowering, late flowering, tulip species and their hybrids (all wild species and those varieties that have descended from them are included).
The first group includes two classes: simple and terry. The second: triumph tulips and Darwinian hybrids. To the third group: lily-colored, fringed, green-colored, parrot, simple and double late, Rembrandt tulips. To the fourth: tulips of Kaufman, Greig, Foster and other species and hybrids. Let's dwell on each class in more detail.
Early simple tulips
Tulip varieties of this group have been known since the 17th century. They are medium-sized, strong, and therefore resistant to wind and bad weather. Distinctive feature, which unites all species into one group, is the early flowering period (end of April). Flowers have a goblet or cupped shape and a size of 6-7 cm.The color of the petals is most often yellow-red colors but the flowers can be white. They are not quite suitable for cutting due to their small stature.
Some varieties have been cultivated unchanged since the 17th century, for example, Kaiserkrone. Recently, dwarf tulips have also been included in the class. Dutch varieties of this class do not occupy a very large area in the fields, about 8% of the total mass. One of the best in its homeland is the Purple Prince, a stunning hybrid with bright colors and large flowers. Popular varieties are also: Christmas Dream, Candy Prince, Mickey Mouse, Diamond Star and others.
Early double tulips
Early double tulips, the varieties of which have also been known since the 17th century, are popular with flower growers due to their early flowering and bright, cheerful color. They are very tiny in height (20-30 cm), but they have large flowers, which, when fully opened, can be up to 8 cm in diameter and have a long flowering period.
A lush, cupped double flower is the result of a double perianth. If ordinary tulips have only six petals, then for representatives of this class it doubles. In horticultural culture, these varieties are not particularly popular and are most often grown as pot plant or for distillation.
The second group is represented by two classes - triumph tulips and Darwinian hybrids.
Darwin hybrids
These giants were singled out as a separate class only in 1960. These are very large (60-80 cm in height) tulips. Tulip varieties of this class have several advantages, they are resistant to spring frosts, to the variegated virus, and are excellently preserved when cut.
Bloom begins in early May. Large goblet-shaped flowers are most often red in color (bicolor hybrids have also appeared) and grow up to 10 cm in size, which pleasantly distinguishes them from other flowers. Both garden crops and forcing are used.
Triumph tulips
Representatives of the class were bred at the beginning of the 20th century, Darwinian hybrids and simple early tulips... The varieties are characterized by large goblet flowers, peduncles up to 70 cm high. Hybrids are characterized by a variety of colors from snow-white to rich purple hues.
Flowering begins in late April and often lasts until mid-May. This is currently the most numerous and widespread class (25% of all species). Ideal for horticultural production, cutting and forcing and have high coefficient reproduction. Popular varieties: Golden Melody, Antarctica (snow-white), Mata Hari, Ile de France, Don Quixote, etc.
The third group includes late flowering hybrids, all classified by flower shape.
Late simple and double tulips
Plants of these two classes differ from their early relatives in larger sizes (peduncle height 50-70 cm) and late flowering periods (in mid-May). Simple tulips have a goblet shape with a wide bottom and blunt petals. There are multi-flowered hybrids when several buds develop on one peduncle. Perfect for cutting and bouquets.
Late flowering varieties are also called peony for their shape, which makes them unstable, because of this they cannot withstand wind or rain. Both classes reproduce well vegetatively. The color of the flowers is very diverse, it can be snow-white or almost black, pink or purple, there are also two-color varieties.
Green tulips
They were allocated to a separate class quite recently - in 1981, and we can confidently say that this newest varieties tulips. Their uniqueness lies in the fact that the backs of the petals retain their green color throughout the entire flowering period, in contrast to the overall bright color (white, yellow, red, pink, purple shades) it looks very impressive.
Peduncle sizes can be from medium to high, the leaves are narrow, and the flowers are within 7 cm. They bloom late, in mid-May, look good and are very popular in bouquets, as well as in group plantings. It is worth paying attention to such varieties as: Sprin Green, China Town, Golden Artist.
Fringed tulips
These are plants of amazing beauty. Large flowers on a long peduncle (80 cm) have the shape of a glass. But the greatest decorative value is represented by the petals, the edges of which are cut with a pattern, like frost in the frost, the smallest needles create the impression of weightlessness and fragility of the flower. The color scheme is different, but negligent sellers sometimes try to sell a low-quality product, passing it off as an original variety, so you need to know that black fringed tulips have not yet been bred.
Varieties are obtained on the basis of selection of Darwinian hybrids or late varieties which keep very well when cut. The first fringed tulip was grown in 1930, and they were isolated into a separate class only in 1981. Varieties: Cambridge, Mont Amour, Flamenco, Mascotte and others.
Lily tulips
The name of the class speaks for itself, resembles a lily in shape, especially when it fully unfolds in sunny weather. These are medium-sized hybrids with a height of 50-60 cm. They bloom late - in mid-May. Breeders have been working on them for a long time, since the 16th century, so the newest tulip varieties differ from the very first, original ones. The following hybrids are very popular and beautiful: Ballada Gold (pictured) and White, West Point, Jacqueline, Pretty Wumen.
Parrot tulips: varieties, description
One of the most unusual and vibrant hybrids among modern tulips. These are mainly medium-sized varieties, but they have large flowers that grow up to 12 cm in diameter when fully expanded. They have been known for a long time and it is believed that they appeared as a result of a genetic mutation of ordinary flowers, and not special selection.
In the 17th century, parrot tulips were first noticed and identified in France. Dutch varieties became known only a hundred years later. Characteristic feature are flower petals that have uneven wavy edges, reminiscent of bird feathers and have a bright color, which is the reason for the choice of the name of the entire class. They really look like disheveled parrots lurking in the greenery of the garden. They prefer calm places and go well with other inhabitants of flower beds, moreover, they easily and quickly multiply by daughter bulbs. Parrot tulip varieties: Black Perrot, Rococo, Super Perrot, Fleming.
Rembrandt tulips
A very small class that unites all variegated tulips. The flowers are large enough - 7-10 cm in height, goblet and not terry, varying degrees of variegation. Spots or streaks on a bright yellow, red or white background are the main trait caused by genes, not a virus. They bloom in late spring, in the second half of May. Varieties: Mona Lisa, Union Jack, Orange Bowl, Princess Irene (pictured), Prince Carnival, Sorbet, Olympic Flame and others.
Kaufman tulips
These are early flowering and undersized hybrids, bloom in mid-April. This group also includes varieties obtained by crossing Kaufman tulips with other varieties. Strong and short (15-25 cm), but with large flowers of various colors (monochromatic or most often variegated). They are best used on alpine slides and rockeries.
When fully expanded, Kaufman's tulips look like a six-pointed bright star; in group plantings, this is just an impressive sight. It is worth noting the name of the Kaufman tulip varieties: Giuseppe Verdi (pictured), Johann Strauss, Shakespeare. The musical and romantic names match the delicate appearance of the flowers.
Foster's tulips
Foster's tulips are named after the professor. They are larger than the previous class. In height, the peduncle grows to 30-50 cm, while the bud itself is 1/3 (15 cm). The shape of the flower of Foster's tulips is goblet or cupped with a slight interception, as if it has a waist. The color is bright in orange-red colors. But there are also Foster varieties. In their natural environment, they grow only in Central Asia.
Greig's tulips
Greig's tulips are the owners of not only gorgeous large flowers, but also very decorative leaves. Large and green, they are covered with longitudinal stripes of purple, red, Brown color... The flowers have a very beautiful shape, in many varieties resembling an hourglass rather than a glass, tapering somewhere in the middle, as if they have a waist.
The petals are pointed, as they bloom, they bend to the sides. The color can be monochrome or bicolor. Color palette varied: from milky to bright scarlet shades. Greig's tulips bloom, as a rule, in late April or early May.
Medium-sized varieties (20-30 cm) look good in group plantings on alpine hills or along curbs, suitable for cutting into bouquets. The best varieties Greig tulips: Giant Perrot, Majestic, Princess Sharmant, Tsar Peter (pictured), Oriental, Lovely Surprise.
Wild species of tulips
Everyone knows that the name of the tulip comes from the Persian word "toliban", which means turban or turban (headdress). The homeland of tulips and, one might say, the center of their speciation, undoubtedly, is the Desert plains in the spring are transformed beyond recognition, covered with a bright floral carpet. It was from there that they settled across the continents and now they feel great in the mountainous regions of Europe, in the Caucasus, and several species grow even in Africa.
Wild tulips bloom early (in April), most often they are undersized and have many-flowered species. Due to their diminutiveness, they are simply irreplaceable in rockeries and alpine slides. Will look great in the garden among the trees.
The story goes back to Ancient East where they occupied important place in the Seljuk culture, and then in Ottoman Empire, where they were considered a symbol of peace and tranquility.
In Western Europe, the flower appeared relatively recently, for the first time tulips were planted in 1530 in Portugal. And more than a hundred years later, they conquered Holland, where they became almost the most beloved garden flower. Now in the Netherlands there is even the Royal Society of Bulbous Plants. And at the moment there is no equal in the selection of tulips in Holland, most of varieties are displayed there. In addition, she is the main supplier to the world market for such simple, but such valuable bulbs.
If you want to create unique picture in your garden, then you should definitely have tulips. Choose different varieties of tulips, depending on the time of their flowering, so that one replaces the other, forming a continuous stream bright colors... Larger ones are suitable for combined flower beds, and those that are smaller are planted on alpine slides and around fruit trees in the garden. You can create a one-color flat carpet or mosaic from different shades of colors!
Early flowering of Kaufman tulips
Tulips are not considered "primroses" - the main time of their flowering falls on when the ground and trees are already covered with lush greenery.
However, among the various tulips, there is one group (unfortunately, so far not widespread in gardens), which can well be attributed to primroses. These are Kaufman tulips, which bloom simultaneously with the large-flowered (Dutch) ones, and the earliest.
For modest "primroses" they are incredibly beautiful: their large bright flowers on the background of bare earth seem artificial.
In the south of the Central Black Earth Region, in early spring, Kaufman's tulips bloom by the Annunciation (April 7).
If the winter was harsh, and the spring is cold and late, then they begin to bloom in mid-April. But, in any case, the flowering of Kaufman tulips begins two to three weeks earlier than the familiar and widespread Darwinian hybrids (most gardeners know them as simply "tulips").
Breeding work with the Kaufman tulip
Kaufman tulips in the modern classification are a group of early flowering tulips. It originates from the Central Asian Kaufman tulip, which grows wildly in the mountains of the Western Tien Shan among bushes and stones. This species was first introduced into culture in 1877 by the Petersburg Botanical Garden. The beauty of flowers and unusual early flowering this savage was struck by the imagination of the flower growers of that time. Its flowers even in wildlife very large and varied in color - yellow, white and red of all shades. Outside side(back) of the petals is painted in a different color than the inner one, and even in white and yellow flowers it is magenta or purple-red.
Spreading the Kaufman tulip in gardens long time constrained by the lack of vegetative reproduction: its bulbs did not give children at all. And when sowing with seeds, flowering of young plants occurred only after 5-7 years.
Intensive breeding work with the Kaufman tulip was started by Dutch firms in the late twenties and early thirties of the last century. At this time in the USSR, the Bolsheviks carried out an accelerated program of industrialization of the country. Required a large number of foreign currency for the purchase of equipment for factories under construction. Everything that could be of interest to a Western buyer was exported, including works of art and even decorative wild plants.
In those years, Dutch firms purchased large quantities of bulbs of Central Asian tulip species, including the Kaufman tulip.
By sowing seeds of the best wild-growing forms, followed by selection of promising seedlings (with satisfactory and good vegetative reproduction) and crossing the Kaufman tulip with Greig's tulip, the first varieties of Kaufman tulip were created in the forties and fifties. These varieties reproduced well or satisfactorily vegetatively and inherited: from the Kaufman tulip - early flowering, large flower size and varied colors, and from Greig's tulip - often very beautiful leaves with purple stripes and strokes.
Currently, more than two hundred varieties of Kaufman tulip are known. In 1960, the World Variety Registration Committee (Holland) allocated these varieties to a separate 12th class.
Features of Kaufman tulip varieties
A distinctive feature of the Kaufman tulip varieties is their short stature: the plants do not exceed 40-45 cm in height, and usually 15-25 cm.
The flowers of Kaufman tulips are very large: often the height of the flower is half the height of the plant.
Of the varieties of Kaufman tulips with white flowers, the most famous are: "Johann Sebastian Bach", "Johann Strauss", "The First".
A very unusual variety of domestic selection "Aistenok", bred by Z.P. Bochantseva. He has a relatively high peduncle for this group (up to 50 cm), clean White flower with a bright pink back and a yellow bottom. It really looks like a stork standing on one leg from afar.
They stand out in bright colors yellow varieties Kaufman tulips: "Caesar Frank", "Berlioz", "Joseph Kafka". The back of the petals is of various shades of red.
Among the red varieties of Kaufman tulips, "Scarlet Baby" and "Shakespeare" stand out. The first variety has medium-sized, but very graceful, bright red, star-shaped flowers. " The “Shakespeare” variety has lily-shaped flowers that open strongly in the sun. The color is very unusual, on the outside it is carmine with salmon edging, inside it is salmon with scarlet shading, very reminiscent of a rough coloring with a colored pencil. This variety is one of the first to bloom.
Agricultural technology of Kaufman tulips
Agricultural technology of Kaufman tulips does not differ significantly from.
In the steppe regions with hot dry summers, Kaufman tulips can be left without digging for several years. During this time, a whole clump of plants is formed, which blooms profusely in spring.
I have noticed that such non-transplanted plants bloom almost a week earlier than transplanted tulips. But it must be remembered that every year the bulbs of Kaufman's tulips deepen more and more - they go into the dense layers of the soil, and at the same time become smaller.
Therefore, after 3-4 years, a nest of overgrown Kaufman tulip bulbs is dug up and planted.
In more northern regions where the summer is cool and rainy, an annual Kaufman is needed with their subsequent (in the attic or in another well-heated dry room) until the autumn. Otherwise, the bulbs quickly become smaller and stop blooming, and then die.
The great advantage of Kaufman tulips is their resistance to.
During the flowering period of Kaufman tulips, there are often strong return frosts (-2 ... -10 degrees), they are not afraid of cold.
Kaufman tulip flowers always close at night. Often, after strong matinees, the plants lie on the ground - and it seems that they have already died. And when the sun warms up the earth, the peduncles straighten, the buds open again. And tulips, as if nothing had happened, continue to bloom. Only sometimes their slightly curved peduncles remind of the past cold weather.
Uses of Kaufman tulips
Due to their short peduncles, Kaufman tulips are of little use for cutting. But they are very good for them.
After passing winter period rest in a cool basement, pots with planted tulip bulbs are brought into a room with a temperature of + 16 ... + 18 degrees, where the plants bloom in 10-14 days.
The main purpose of Kaufman tulips is to create beautifully flowering combinations in a spring garden.
Often, semi-double flowers are formed from large bulbs, which are very effective in sunny weather when they open wide and resemble the flowers of nymphs (water lilies). In connection with this similarity, the British call the Kaufman tulip: "tulip-water lily". This name was also given to the plant for the ability of its flowers to close in cloudy weather and open wide when the sun is shining.
Admiring the bright flowering of Kaufman tulips in the garden on the first warm spring days, you get extraordinary relaxation and relaxation from everyday worries. All around it is still bare and gray, and only the curtain with Kaufman's tulips is glowing with multi-colored paints. Hundreds of bees are buzzing around them, the first spring butterflies flutter ...
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The Kaufman tulip is one of the most beautiful species of the genus, which is called the nymphaean tulip for its resemblance to the flowers of a water lily. It grows in the Western Tien Shan from the foothill plains up to 3000 m above sea level, along dry steppes, meadows, in thickets of bushes, in broad-leaved forests, on fine-earth and gravelly areas and even on mountain slopes. It is a perennial plant that develops from a bulb and remains in this form in the ground.
The mountains of the Western Tien Shan are not as high as the mountains in the central part of the Tien Shan, but in their own way they are unique and diverse. Occupying the territories of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan and partly Tajikistan, the Western Tien Shan stretches from the north-east (Talas Alatau) to the south-west (mountains Altyntopkan and Karamazar) for more than 300 km. It is there that this wonderful flower grows in the wild.
A bulb with a diameter of 4 cm is covered with a black-brown leathery membrane, a fleshy, colorless shoot departs from it vertically upwards. Its length depends on the depth of the bulb. How older age plants, the farther from the surface of the earth the bulb is, and every year it sinks with the help of the retracting roots deeper and deeper.
The bulb is dormant most of the time. On the offensive favorable conditions moisture in the soil during the melting of snow or immediately after the snow cover melts, as well as with the onset of warm days, a bud awakens in it, and the shoot starts to grow. It breaks through the thickness of the earth and finally comes to the surface.
Since that time, there has been a rapid change in the appearance of the tulip. Only yesterday tiny sprouts were sticking out in some places, but today they have grown noticeably, new ones have appeared. A few more days will pass, the shoots will stretch out, the leaves will begin to unfold, and in 10-15 days the entire slope will turn into a flower garden. But not all plants are blooming: some are still too young, while others are resting this year, gaining strength.
The blooming tulip has a stem of 30-40 cm in height, 2-3 glaucous bare leaves and 1 flower. Most often, the inner perianth lobes are white with a yellow spot at the base or yellowish, the outer ones are dirty purple or reddish purple along the back, slightly longer than the inner ones. But in the thickets of the Kaufman tulip, you can find flowers of a wide variety of colors and shades - from dark crimson to pure white or with a greenish tint, with dark venation, spotting or line patterns. The variety of flower forms is also noted.
This rampage lasts 7-10 days, after which the petals fly around, only ovaries remain on the stems. The seeds ripen in a month and fall out of the capsules. Seedlings appear the next year. Some of them die, while the rest give rise to a new generation.
In addition to seed reproduction, the Kaufman tulip can also reproduce vegetatively. This is due to the formation of additional shoots - stolons at the bottom of the mother bulb. Bulbs grow at the ends of the stolons, which gradually grow and develop, feeding on the mother plant, and when the shoot connecting them dies off, they move on to an independent way of life. One mother plant can produce 1-3 daughter plants annually. Vegetative propagation plants - more reliable way... It is less dependent on weather conditions, insect activity and exposure anthropogenic factors(collecting flowers, eating shoots with cattle).
By the time the seeds ripen, the underground shoot dries up, inside the bulb, the formation of the bud of the next year's shoot ends, and it dies. The total growing season is 100-120 days.
Some researchers believe that it was the Kaufman tulip that was the primary source (or one of the primary sources) of modern tulips. And it was brought to Holland from the Tien Shan. Since then, the Dutch have not lost interest in them - they cross, select, develop new varieties, using the natural diversity of plants.