The types of wallpaper presented today in finishing materials stores amaze with their choice. The assortment can satisfy almost any request and has a varied price range. Having studied the operational characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the material, you can avoid unforeseen reactions of the coating in the conditions of a particular room.
Varieties of bases and their characteristics
The base is the first, bottom layer of the coating. It serves as the foundation for the material on which the top decorative layer is applied. Thanks to the base, the coating has a uniform color, it is easier to stick and the strength is increased. There are three main types of bases, paper, non-woven and textile. Each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
What are the types of wallpapers and their features?
Paper
Wallpapers are presented in a wide variety of colors and patterns at a budget cost. Most often, the covering is made with a roll width of 53 cm. Three types of paper wallpaper are produced, in one, two and three layers.
Since the material is thin, the finish requires craftsmanship and a well-prepared wall surface. They do not differ in strength, practically cannot be cleaned, and are unstable to temperature extremes and moisture. Suitable for finishing rooms with the least possible tactile contact, such as bedrooms.
Vinyl
The popularity of the material is due to its wide variety. They represent the base and the upper polymer or PVC layer, produced by different techniques in several variations:
- foamed vinyl
- compact vinyl,
- silk screen printing.
Outwardly, all coatings are completely different and have different characteristics. They lend themselves well to wet cleaning, have high durability, are not afraid of high humidity and sunlight, and are suitable for painting.
Non-woven
The species is divided into two types: non-woven and those that have only a non-woven base. It is a dense and durable material that will help hide some unevenness in the walls. The coating is often used for painting; this type has a textured surface with a variety of relief patterns.
Often produced in a wide format, the roll width is 1.06 meters, which is convenient when working with them. The non-woven base is similar to a rubber material, adapts well to the wall surface.
Liquid
A type of finishing material used to decorate walls and ceilings. Safe and environmentally friendly product. They are suitable for decorating children's rooms and other living quarters, as they contain natural ingredients.
Fabric (textile)
Natural, non-allergenic material that is breathable and looks great at the same time. Fabric wallpaper increases the soundproofing and thermal insulation performance of the room.
There are a lot of types of textile coverings: linen, felt, jute, silk, velor and synthetic. However, the coating accumulates dust on itself, with the exception of linseed, it fades in the sun and has a rather high cost.
One of the most durable material for wall decoration in all respects. Glass fiber is classified as vandal-proof, it is a heavy canvas, it withstands mechanical damage, animal claws, does not burn and is not afraid of moisture. The material is suitable for finishing any room, including a nursery, as it is environmentally friendly and easy to clean.
Natural
The canvases have a natural composition and are made from plants and different parts of trees. The coatings have a recognizable texture peculiar only to them. Natural roll wallpapers are suitable for finishing balconies, toilets and living rooms; they do not react to temperature extremes, sunlight and high humidity. The most popular materials include bamboo, jute and cork.
Not the most famous, but very effective type of coating. Linkrusta are produced in several stages and only from natural materials. Cheaper analogs can be an exception. Externally, the canvas is a clearly visible relief coating. In the form of various patterns. The material is strong, moisture resistant, durable and safe. Decorate the design of a classic or antique living room.
Acrylic
The acrylic look is created using the same technique as the vinyl with foam spraying, the only difference is in the top layer, it is made of acrylic. The characteristic of the material is low strength and moisture resistance. The thickness of the canvas is half that of vinyl wallpaper; this should be taken into account when painting.
Quartz
The two-layer material consists of a base and a decorative layer of quartz sand with various additives. The look is durable, reliable, with an environmentally friendly composition and a long service life, suitable for coloring.
Photo printing is applied to different types of substrates: paper, non-woven, vinyl. The canvases are produced in different widths that differ from the standard sizes. To increase the strength of the coating, an additional layer, varnish or laminate, can be applied. The image can be realistic, in 3D, in the form of a fresco or stereoscopic.
Texture classification (surface type)
Smooth
The smooth finish accentuates the pattern and color of the wallpaper. For such wallpaper, a flat surface is required, since even small defects will be visible. Smooth wallpaper is not suitable for painting and is used as a final finish.
Embossed
The textured surface of the wallpaper can complete the image of the room or be used for painting. Manufacturing technologies provide for different methods of applying the top layer, which allows you to create complex patterns and imitation of other materials.
Types of embossed wallpaper
Metallic
Like other types of wallpaper, they consist of a base and a finishing layer. A paper or non-woven fabric is taken as a basis. For the top layer, a thin aluminum foil is used that has previously undergone an artificial oxidation process or treated with a dye to reduce electrical conductivity. The surface of the canvas can be mirrored and matte, with a uniform or partial shine.
Flock or velor
Wallpaper can be classified as textile. The canvas has a velvety surface in the form of a pattern, this is achieved by applying textiles to a paper or non-woven base treated with glue. The result is undeniably spectacular, plus it increases the soundproofing and heat-insulating qualities of the room. However, fabric wallpaper absorbs odors and attracts dust.
Silkscreen
One of the types of vinyl covering with a complex manufacturing method, as a result of which a beautiful shiny canvas with patterns is obtained, among other things, it has good quality indicators.
With bugles (with beads)
Otherwise they are called bubbly. The surface of the canvas is decorated with glass beads of different sizes, forming multi-colored patterns. The surface of this type of wallpaper is quite durable and tough, with a high resistance to damage.
Varieties by the number of layers
The number of layers affects the strength, service life and appearance of the material. This division by the number of layers refers to paper-type wallpaper. In total, they are distinguished by three: simplex, duplex and triplex, respectively, one, two and three layers.
Varieties by the method of drawing
Embossed
Embossed wallpaper is a covering with a relief pattern applied in a special way. There are paper and vinyl embossed wallpapers.
- Paper wallpapers are made of two layers, a pattern is squeezed out in the upper one, as a result of which a relief surface is formed.
- Hot-stamped vinyl wallpaper is made using a slightly different technology. A foamed PVC layer is applied to the non-woven or paper base, which is subsequently heated to a high temperature and pressed with a roller with a convex pattern.
Embossed wallpapers have high durability, last longer, do not fade in the sun and tolerate wet cleaning well. They are suitable for finishing kitchens and restrooms, as they do not absorb odors and do not react to temperature changes.
Printed
The seal is applied to two types of coatings, primed or non-primed. Primed wallpaper has a higher cost, but is treated to prevent fading. There are no preliminary procedures for non-primed canvas, the drawing is printed directly on the front part.
Natural
Natural wallpapers are made from natural raw materials and have a natural pattern. The variety for bamboo wallpaper comes from the use of different parts of the stem. Cork coverings do not differ in variety, the pattern can have different density and color blotches. Jute fabrics are usually made without a pattern, but can be in the form of weaves and blotches.
Types by appointment
For walls
For wall decoration today, an incredible selection of materials with completely different external data and characteristics is presented. The assortment allows you to choose wallpaper with an orientation to a specific room and its conditions, be it high humidity, the presence of animals or bright sunlight.
For ceiling
For finishing the ceiling, white textured wallpaper with a wide meter wide, for example, vinyl, non-woven or fiberglass, is usually used. Such coatings can have different patterns and are suitable for coloring. Another type is liquid wallpaper, their main advantage is the absence of seams after application. They are also great for ceiling decoration. You can also use colored wallpaper or with photo printing, the nature of the image depends entirely on personal preference.
Functionality classification
Washable
Washable wallpapers can have varying degrees of interaction with water. The marking applied to the back of the canvas or packaging will help to determine the method of care. Typically, the markings are divided into four types and are indicated using waves.
Moisture resistant
Wall-paper with increased resistance to moisture is suitable for kitchen, bath or toilet decoration. They allow wet cleaning and do not react to changes in humidity. Moisture-resistant wallpapers include: fiberglass, vinyl, silkscreen, paintable and non-woven backing.
Vandal-proof
A coating with increased protection against various kinds of damage. There are several main types: laminated, fiberglass, non-woven and commercial wallpaper. The glued anti-vandal coatings do not provide absolute protection against stains or scratches, but significantly reduce the likelihood of residual marks. A great option for a hallway or corridor.
Sound absorbing
Almost all types of wallpaper have varying degrees of sound-absorbing properties. However, some of them have high rates of this quality.
- Tufting wallpaper consists of a fabric base and a synthetic coating, in addition to soundproofing, tufting also insulates the room.
- Velor wallpaper consists of a paper base and artificial velor. A coating with pleasant appearance, but not the highest sound insulation.
- Cork wallpaper. Natural and maximum noise protection type of finish.
For painting
Different types of textured wallpaper are used for painting, some of them are suitable for repeated staining, while others only withstand a few procedures. The main types include paper, non-woven and fiberglass wallpapers.
- The most durable of them is glass fiber, they can withstand many stains, while maintaining their qualities.
- Non-woven wallpaper can be smooth and embossed. The textured vinyl foam cover is easily damaged.
- Paper wallpapers have an eco-friendly composition, but are short-lived.
Other types of wallpaper
Self-adhesive
A type of finishing that does not require additional costs for glue. Dry glue is applied to the reverse side of the PVC sheet, which is covered with a protective paper on top. Before applying the wallpaper, the protective paper is simply removed.
Temperature-changing color (thermal wallpaper)
Fluorescent
Their other name is glowing wallpaper. In the interior, this type of finish looks very impressive, modern and unusual. The trick lies in a special paint with luminescent forms, it is these substances that make the picture glow. Under the light of ordinary lamps or daylight, the wallpaper does not differ from ordinary ones, the pattern appears only in ultraviolet light.
Leather
Leather wallpaper is an infrequent way of interior decoration. The material is practically not found in ordinary stores and has a high cost. The leather cover looks impressive, it does not allow moisture to pass through, retains heat and serves as a soundproofing barrier. However, the material is very capricious, when working with it, the hand of a master is required and possible mechanical contacts should be avoided during operation.
Wallpaper consisting of a self-adhesive backing and a black foil. The front part is covered with vinyl spraying, on which you can draw with crayons. An excellent solution for a children's room allows you to solve two problems at the same time - the development of the child's creative abilities and the original look of the interior. There are also marker tapes, but they are often used in offices.
Photo gallery
A variety of production technologies that exist today and an unimaginable choice of colors greatly simplify our life, any design task can be realized only by choosing the desired type of wallpaper and choosing the desired shade.
Wallpaper is a popular coating used for wall decoration. The variety of this coating allows you to use it for decoration, both in expensive interiors and budget rooms. However, when it comes to their choice, many simply buy at random, focusing only on external characteristics. And below you will find out what types of wallpaper for the walls are, see their photos. We will also reveal the features of their choice and compare different types of wallpaper with each other.
Modern technologies that are used in the production of different types of wallpaper have significantly improved their performance. So, for example, there were wallpapers that are resistant to ultraviolet radiation, humidity, and you can even take care of them with the help of detergents. Such properties allow the use of coatings for finishing kitchens, corridors, toilets and bathrooms.
What are the types of wallpaper for walls: photos, characteristics
- Paper.
- Vinyl.
- Non-woven.
- Acrylic.
- Fiberglass.
- Natural.
- Textile.
- Liquid.
- Metallic.
Moreover, many types can be used as a base for painting. They can be vinyl with a non-woven base, paper and fiberglass.
Each of the types is distinguished by a rich choice of designs, many colors and patterns. To enhance the effect, we recommend combining several different types. Now let's dwell on each of them in more detail.Attention! When choosing wallpaper, you need to buy rolls from the same batch. The shades of colors in different batches may differ slightly, and this should not be forgotten.
Different types of wallpaper for the walls of their photos, advantages and disadvantages
- Paper.
The most common and budget version of the wallpaper, which consists entirely of paper. They can be either two-layer or single-layer. As a rule, there are smooth looks, although in some cases the paper wallpaper is produced with a relief.
Advantages
- Environmentally friendly - can be used in the bedroom and nursery.
- Low cost.
- They allow air to pass through, the walls can "breathe".
- Simple gluing process.
Flaws
- Fragility: the maximum service life is five years, light spots appear quickly.
- Drawings fade in the sun.
- Fear of moisture.
- Can't wash dirt.
- Absorb odors.
The quality of the paper roll directly depends on the density of the material. High quality wallpaper should have a weight of about 110-140 grams per square meter.
- Flesiline.
They are rolled wallpaper with a non-woven base (high-density material). In fact, it is paper, but with the addition of fabric fibers.
Advantages
- High strength compared to paper types.
- Do not shrink after drying.
- Allow air to pass through.
- Do not swell when wet.
- Durable, environmentally friendly and durable.
- Hide minor cracks on the surface.
- Convenient in gluing: it is necessary to spread only the wall itself.
- Perfect for ceilings and walls.
If there is foam vinyl on the non-woven base, then they can be applied for painting.
- Vinyl wallpapers.
This is a type of wallpaper for walls covered with foamed vinyl. Non-woven or paper is used for their base. They can be embossed and smooth, as well as made in the style of silk-screen printing.
Advantages
- They practically do not fade, retain their original color for a long time.
- Moisture resistant, can be cleaned and washed. This wallpaper is best suited for the hallway and kitchen.
- Often people prefer embossed patterns to hide minor irregularities in the walls.
- Types for painting are offered, which can withstand it up to 10 times.
The disadvantages include air tightness. Therefore, it is not recommended to use them in the bedroom or children's room.
- Acrylic wallpaper.
Outwardly, they resemble vinyl types. Foamed acrylic plays the role of the face layer. With regard to their characteristics, due to the fact that a thinner acrylic layer is used, they have less durability. As for the spraying of acrylic, it is carried out in a point manner, so these types can pass air, which means your walls will "breathe".
- Natural wallpaper.
Elite types of wallpaper are made from natural materials. In the role of the top layer can be used: jute, cork, veneer, straw, reed, bamboo, algae. Most often, paper is used as a base. Many species (most often those with a leaf-like design and a natural fiber finish) have a non-woven base.
Usually rolls of natural material are 5.5 cm long and 91 cm or 1 m wide.
For gluing of this type, ordinary types of glue are used, depending on the base. Adhesive for a paper base is applied only to the canvas, for non-woven - on the wall. In the event that the canvases are heavy, then the glue is applied both there and there.
Advantages
- Natural materials bring comfort to the interior, they are warm to the touch.
- Eco-friendly material.
- Special impregnations are used to protect against dust.
Flaws
- Complex gluing process.
- Fear of moisture. The paint is water-based, and if it gets wet, it can easily lose color.
- Difficult gluing process.
- If there are cats and children in the apartment, you need to ensure the protection of expensive finishes.
- Due to the high cost of this material, they, as a rule, are used to decorate some kind of wall or used to accentuate, zoning the space.
- Due to the nature of the natural material, the joints between the canvases remain visible.
- Bright colors will lose their color under the influence of the sun in just one season.
To remove dust from natural wallpaper, do not use wet cleaning. It is permissible to brush away dust with a brush with a long bristle, or use a vacuum cleaner.
- Glass fiber.
Fiberglass wallpaper is well suited for use in a new building that shrinks. They are also often used in offices.
They are made from glass yarns by the weaving method, so they are environmentally friendly and highly durable. They do not prick when touched, unlike glass wool. After gluing them, it is recommended to paint the walls with water-based or latex-based paints.
Advantages
- They have great wear resistance and durability.
- The service life is about 30 years, and if necessary, the top layer can be repainted up to fifteen times.
- Fiberglass does not burn, is not afraid of smoke or water.
- Crack protection.
- The material does not create a breeding ground for mold and fungi, microorganisms, therefore it eliminates the most common causes of allergies.
The disadvantages include a small selection of drawings, the most popular of which are rhombus, herringbone, matting. But the steles look quite cold.
- Textile wallpaper.
The front part of the fabric wallpaper consists of natural material: velor, jute, cotton, linen, silk. The base consists of non-woven or paper. In production, they are treated with a fire-fighting and antiseptic solution. In some cases, the covers are made from synthetic fabrics. This material is easier to care for and can be vacuumed if necessary.
Advantages
- Fabric decoration on the wall looks expensive, chic and original.
- Environmentally friendly material.
- Many flax-based varieties have antiseptic properties.
- Resistant to the sun, sound and heat insulated.
- Unique appearance. Wall decoration looks luxurious. Often this material is used in oriental-style interiors.
- If the species have an increased roll width, then a seamless coating can be made.
Their disadvantages include poor resistance to dirt, dust, moisture, odors and pets. It is also worth noting that this material has a high price, as it belongs to the design types of finishes. For gluing this type, you will need the help of an experienced specialist.
- Metallic wallpaper.
They are perfect for high-tech interior furnishings. They emit beautiful glare in the sun, and the backlight will only embellish and demonstrate their all advantages. The interior will be filled with silver, gold or bronze highlights.
Advantages- Metallic wallpapers are bought by most owners only for their attractive appearance.
- Easy to clean.
- The decorative layer consists of thin aluminum foil, so they are highly durable.
- They have good sound insulation.
- They are not afraid of exposure to the rays of the sun and do not lose their color over time.
Due to the high cost of production and their original appearance, the price per roll remains consistently high. Before gluing, you need to perfectly align the walls, otherwise the foil will wrinkle.
- Liquid wallpaper.
One of the most original types can be called liquid wallpaper. They combine the best qualities of roll coatings, wall paint and decorative plaster.
Without experience, they can be confused with structural plaster. But in composition they can be very different: when creating liquid wallpaper, sand is not used, but cellulose is used as the main component. They contain glitter, decorative fibers, natural dyes to give a beautiful appearance.
They are supplied as a dry powder, which must be diluted with water before use. As a rule, the price directly depends on the amount of decorative particles included in the mixture, the brighter it is, the correspondingly more expensive.
Advantages:
- when applied, there are no joints;
- create an original relief structure;
- can level walls, which reduces finishing time;
- service life is about 6-8 years;
- environmentally friendly material;
- do not attract dust, have antistatic properties.
Drying time of the mixture - up to 48 hours. Liquid wallpaper is not recommended for use in damp rooms due to its high hygroscopicity.
Wallpaper
It is worth noting separately the photowall-paper, which allows you to get almost any drawing on the wall: cities, flowers, ocean, nature. Most often, a self-adhesive base is used for their application.
conclusionsWe have covered almost all types of wallpaper used for walls. You can choose the best option for a room, depending on environmental requirements, conditions, durability and price.
The most common types of wallpaper are considered non-woven,vinyl, linkrust, textile, paper, liquid and fiberglass.
Paper wallpaper
These Types of wallpaper, a wallpaper proven for decades.
But not only a colorful front layer will be thrown onto the paper base, a second front layer is applied, which can be embossed, embossed, fabric, plastic, metal.
On heavier paper wallpapers, glue is smeared twice, for deep penetration of the adhesive into the paper base.
As for the quality of the adhesive, try to use materials of good quality, for example, the wallpaper manufacturer recommends using a specific adhesive from a specific manufacturer (often of your own production!). This is where you will get the best results.
Is there no glue of this particular brand and this company on sale?
Try to find a glue from another reputable firm that is designed to be used with the wallpaper you bought.
Classic wallpaper- this is a paper canvas on which a particular pattern is applied. Wallpaper can be smooth, embossed, embossed, with multi-color patterns.
Among wall coverings - wallpaper is the most popular and most democratic coating, which is in constant demand among the consumer. In addition to paper, a wide variety of materials are widely used in the production of modern wallpaper, from the most advanced synthetic materials to the most exotic natural materials, including metals, tree bark, fibers and leaves of tropical plants, and natural and artificial fabrics.
Starting with a simple painted sheet of paper on the wall with an unpretentious pattern, now the wallpaper not only rivals the richness of decoration with carpets and exquisite murals of medieval apartments, but easily imitate classical and abstract painting, artistic photography, brickwork and natural stone, and that the day when the wallpaper will change its appearance at the request of the owner.
The cheapest wallpaper - This is a single layer paper wallpaper, designated abroad "simplex" ("simple"), and if one more layer is applied to the base, then two-layer, double or "duplex" wallpaper will be obtained. It is to this class of wallpaper that the overwhelming number of brands of modern wallpaper belongs. But there are also three-layer wallpaper or "triplex" - wood shavings or sawdust are placed between two layers of paper, and this gives the wallpaper a structural surface and higher strength, heat and sound insulation properties.
Liquid wallpaper
This is a special type of plaster with new unique properties.
Liquid wallpaper appeared with us fifteen years ago and since then have become very popular.
What (apart from prestige) do consumers decide on liquid wallpaper?
A combination of consumer properties:
- this coating has excellent heat and sound insulation properties;
- the coating does not attract dust, as it does not accumulate static charges;
after hardening, the coating remains moisture-proof; - if necessary, the coating can be repaired in a small area, after soaking it, and small dirt is removed with a simple eraser;
- any pattern and any color scheme can be easily reproduced on liquid wallpaper, which will make it possible to embody any incredible fantasies in color design;
- the coating can be cleaned with a vacuum cleaner, the varnished surface is cleaned with a damp cloth;
- the remains of the mixture can be reused when repairing walls.
Liquid wallpaper has its drawbacks:
- Cannot be applied to coatings with oil paint or primed with linseed oil;
- Not recommended for use in rooms with odors (kitchen);
- Do not apply in rooms with high humidity (bathrooms);
Wallpaper can be applied to any surface - brick, concrete, wooden and plastered walls, chipboard, fiberboard, drywall.
Surface preparation for applying liquid wallpaper is as follows:
- old coverings in the form of wallpaper are removed;
- on the wall covered with oil paint, dirt is removed, and the surface is primed with water-dispersed paint mixed with fine sand to create a roughness;
- all types of contamination are removed (grease stains, rust, soot, etc.);
all metal objects (protruding reinforcement, nails, etc.) are primed with a light matte nitro enamel; - the surface of the walls is leveled, minor defects can not be removed;
- after cleaning and filling, the surface is primed with a light matte nitro enamel;
- when new walls are first coated, they are primed with water dispersion paints.
Liquid wallpaper is a dry powder that is diluted with water.... Powder is composed of particles
cotton, wool, decorative additives, silk and most importantly glue that gives a hard coating after drying. The necessary information is indicated on the packaging of liquid wallpaper, the shelf life of the composition, etc.
Applying liquid wallpaper to the wall possible only at positive temperatures and low humidity. Drying of the surface depends on the room temperature from 24 to 72 hours.
Applying wallpaper to the wall with a spatula is done in the same way as applying a thick putty.
Wallpaper can be applied to the wall by scattering individual lumps so that they overlap slightly.
You can smooth liquid wallpaper on the wall with your hand, and at the same time you immediately get some kind of embossed pattern. The hand should be periodically moistened with water, rinsing off the glue residues adhering to the hand.
It is convenient to level liquid wallpaper to obtain a flat surface with a velor roller, periodically wetting it with water and cleaning it from adhering glue.
A roller with adhered glue must be periodically washed in clean water during operation.
When you get tired of the wall with liquid wallpaper, you can soak it at any time and remove it from the wall with a spatula (and reuse it).
PHOTO WALLPAPERS
They are ready-made wall panoramas with a full-fledged color photographic image of various subjects. With the help of photo wallpaper, the wall can be turned into a kind of "window" through which you can see a waterfall, a blooming garden, a picturesque valley with mountain peaks or a jungle with exotic plants.
Photowall-paper is glued according to the usual technology:
- The surface of the walls must be flat;
- Be sure to prime the surface;
- When gluing photowall-paper, most often they grease the wall and the wrong side of the wallpaper with glue;
- Attach the sheet of photo wallpaper to the wall starting from the upper right corner, align it along the markings (or along the ceiling line) and press firmly along the upper edge;
- After completing the alignment of the first panel, apply glue to the wall surface under the second panel and to the wrong side of the second panel of photo wallpaper;
- glue the second panel in the same way as the first with alignment of the joint between panels
Divergence or overlap in the joint is unacceptable, because such a defect in the image is clearly visible;
there are usually only two panels in a horizontal row, but there may be more. If the horizontal row is not completed, then it is continued;
after completing the upper horizontal row, proceed to gluing the lower row from the right side of the image;
Most often, a complete picture contains only four panels.
High quality photo images is achieved in case of complete coincidence of the pattern at the joints of the panels.
Structural wallpaper
Structural wallpaper, a large assortment of which is offered by the German company "Marburg", are produced with a wide variety of patterns, and some of the samples of such wallpaper pasted on the wall can be mistaken for stone tiles, carpet or carved panel (collection "Patent Decor"). Most often, structural wallpapers are intended for painting, but even without painting they look very impressive.
Recently, a two-layer simplex has appeared, when the finished image of the outer layer is printed separately on two-layer paper.
Now it has become fashionable to glue the walls with wallpaper " for painting". Such wallpaper, glued to the wall, allows you to repaint the walls from 5 to 25 times. Wallpaper for painting is usually more dense, most often two-layer or three-layer with a pronounced relief on the surface.
Glass fiber
Glass fiber - manufactured for many years.
Advantages of fiberglass:
- hygienic, and therefore are widely used in medical institutions;
hospitals do not require daily hygienic treatment, because they are antibacterial; - breathable;
- water resistant, so they can be used in damp rooms;
- non-toxic, so they can be used in any room without restriction;
- They can be repainted, washed and cleaned.
- Since fiberglass wallpaper is durable and washable, it was originally used in hotels, schools, hospitals and offices, as they last for many years.
Basic drawings, it is a herringbone, a matting, a rhombus and a classic fabric diagonal.
Glass fiber covers minor defects, so small cracks need not be repaired.
Glass fiber can be painted 12 hours after gluing.
All working compositions when working with fiberglass should be latex-based, and PVA glue. I grease the wall with glue, not the wallpaper, and they are applied after the glue has partially dried. Glass fiber can be glued onto a layer of latex primer paint.
Glass fiber is hygienic, non-flammable, non-toxic, antibacterial and are mainly used for painting. But there are already two-layer glass wallpaper, where the fiberglass is applied to a paper base.
Glass fiber does not shine with a variety of patterns - it is due to the way the threads are woven.
Decorative painting of the glass wallpaper surface can be done with any water-soluble latex paints.
Vinyl wallpapers
Vinyl wallpapers are made from a continuous flexible film, which is often applied to a fabric or paper base. The impression of some vinyl wallpapers is the same as those of natural plant fibers or textile wallpapers. It is advisable to choose vinyl wallpaper with a pre-applied adhesive layer, because they are easy to stick on, clean and remove.
Non-woven wallpaper
Non-woven wallpaper are made from a mixture of cellulose and synthetic fibers.
Non-woven three-layer wallpaper withstands at least five paint coatings and has increased heat and sound insulation properties and high strength.
Such wallpapers do not fade, they resist abrasion and washing well, additionally strengthen the wall, hiding cracks.
Non-woven backed wallpapers are available with a pre-patterned foam vinyl surface to easily mimic wood wall panels and other decorative finishes.
Foil wallpaper
Foil wallpaper or mylara wallpaper covered with a thin flexible metal film. These reflective wallpapers brighten the room, but must be handled with care. Foil wallpaper makes all flaws in the walls visible, so surface preparation must be of exceptionally good quality.
This wallpaper is a three-layer wallpaper that consists of a special paper, a layer of non-woven material and extruded aluminum foil.
they reduce noise levels, shield electromagnetic radiation and reflect infrared waves. Wallpaper glued in the joint must be grounded and carefully protected from contact with the electrical network. But on the other hand, they do not electrify, which means they do not attract dust, are not afraid of dirt and are strong enough.
Plant fiber wallpaper are imported wallpapers that use natural plant fibers. Due to the fact that these battles reflect little light, they soften the appearance of the room. It is good to use them on non-standard walls with defects. Stick them on with colorless glue. Do not use water to clean this wallpaper.
Embossed wallpaper embossed with patterns for an elegant look. Never use a seam roller when using embossed wallpaper, as they are very easy to damage.
Textile wallpaper
Textile wallpaper are becoming more and more diverse. Such wallpaper can be completely made of woven materials - for example, the so-called "tufting wallpaper" in the form of carpet material with sewn-on pile
The choice of color and pattern of wallpaper depends on the size of the room and its meaning, the age of its inhabitants and other parameters.
For a children's room and for a bedroom, it is better to choose any paper wallpaper, but you should not take very cheap ones - the paint on them is weak and paint particles will float in the air of the room. In addition, cheap wallpapers lack light fastness and fade quickly. As a last resort, you can use "lightweight vinyl" with a non-continuous polymer coating or acrylic.
For the hall, living room, "light vinyl" and heavier moisture-resistant wallpaper are suitable, and for the hallway, kitchen, bathroom and toilet - "heavy vinyl", which allows multiple washing and cleaning with brushes.
The living room is usually decided in more saturated colors.
In the bedroom, it is desirable to create an atmosphere of tranquility, for which calm warm tones are most suitable;
if the bedroom is combined with the workplace, then the tones should be more neutral, conducive to concentration;
the design of a children's room strongly depends on the age of the children - the younger ones like brighter colors, and the older ones - more restrained;
in a room for elderly family members, a calm color scheme is preferable;
wallpapering tools
When doing upholstery work, you will need a upholstery knife and long scissors.
A knife with replaceable blades is often replaced with a roller knife specially designed for trimming wallpaper.
You will need brushes and rollers to apply the glue to the wall and wallpaper. Of the brushes, the widest flute is the most convenient. It is most convenient to smooth the wallpaper with a soft sponge, but you can smooth it with a special rubber roller, brush, cloth and even your hand (clean).
You will also need containers to prepare the glue and water to rinse the sponge.
A tray is required for the roller, since it is extremely inconvenient to collect glue on the roller from a bucket. Containers are more convenient than plastic containers - they do not rust (and many adhesives cause corrosion of metals) and are easier to wash. It would be nice to have a special mixer for stirring the glue (mixer), but an ordinary stick can successfully replace the mixer with a limited amount of work
Previously, the wallpaper was glued without any fancy with homemade flour or starch paste, and now 
there are many new types of wallpaper and even more all kinds of glues. We only note that special wallpaper adhesives are environmentally friendly, odorless and do not leave stains on the wallpaper. Relatively universal construction adhesives, used for gluing wallpaper, this can not always be said, therefore in the column "area of application" it is always noted.
KVIL "Superlat", Russia. Universal construction adhesive on a latex basis for gluing synthetic pile carpets, linoleum, facing polymer tiles and film materials on a paper and fabric basis. An important advantage of the glue is the ability to stick wallpaper directly on concrete, plaster, wood, but it is better to prime the surface anyway. Provides a very strong, flexible and bend-resistant connection. The peculiarity of the glue is that it must be applied to both surfaces: both on the wallpaper and on the wall. The disadvantage is that it is not water-resistant, therefore it is used only in dry heated rooms.
Svyatozar-80, Russia. A universal construction adhesive based on acrylic, similar in properties and scope to PVA, and in adhesive properties comparable to egg white, which was used by Nausi for masonry walls. In terms of the list of materials to be glued, it surpasses "Superlat", as it glues bricks and glass. Water resistant, therefore recommended for use in bathrooms and kitchens, but does not allow water vapor to pass through.
Bustilat-M, Russia. It is also a universal construction glue (the area of application is similar to the Superlat glue), not very suitable for gluing thin wallpaper, although it is used for this. Contains CMC and has an unpleasant odor when used. Holds heavy wallpaper well.
"Moment" and "Moment Extra" wallpaper glue, Russia. Joint production of Henkel-Era-Tosno. Special adhesives for paper wallpaper with CMC, so they need to be diluted in cold water.
Adhesives with the cozy name "PAPA" (derived from the German word for paper) of the German concern "Akzo Nobel" contain cellulose and synthetic resins. The fields of application are indicated in the table, but the brand of glue "PAPA Extra" can be used for gluing, regardless of the pictogram on the wallpaper. You just don't need to apply the glue in a thick layer.
But one should not think that starch and flour paste is a thing of the past - such wallpaper glue costs nothing to prepare. The composition of the simplest wallpaper glue is 2 kg of flour per 10 liters of water. With constant stirring, the flour is soaked in a small amount of warm water and, stirring until there are no lumps, the volume is brought to normal by adding boiling water. Potato starch glue is diluted in the same way, but the starch is soaked in cold water.
Better glue is provided by the use of CMC (carbo-methylcellulose). The powder is dissolved in water with a temperature of 18-20 degrees in a ratio of 4 parts by weight of CMC to 96 parts by weight of water. For the preparation of wallpaper glue from CMC, metal utensils cannot be used - the solution has an acidic reaction that causes corrosion. By the way, this applies to all wallpaper adhesives containing CMC.
It is also impossible to store such glue in an iron (galvanized) bucket, and if there are traces of metal on the wall, then red rust spots will go. CMC is present in varying amounts in most wallpaper adhesives, and this is the reason for the peculiarities in the dilution of adhesives. The fact is that the solubility of carboxymethylcellulose decreases with increasing temperature, and upon dilution in hot water, CMC may precipitate. Methylcellulose, on the other hand, is not sensitive to temperature and is diluted in hot water. Therefore, carefully read the instructions on the package, where it is written - in what water to dilute the dry powder.
Glues based on starch and flour are afraid of moisture, rot, household pests, and therefore it is advisable to add copper sulfate (10 g per 1 kg of flour) or phenol (up to 0.02% of the weight of the finished glue) as an antiseptic.
When gluing wallpaper, it is often difficult to align the adhesive strip on the unevenness of the wall, and after the glue dries, it sometimes lags behind. The glue also does not adhere well to a rough surface. To prevent this from happening, adhesives with increased strength properties ("Quelyd") are produced, but to increase the strength of the adhesive bond, IVA glue can be added to any wallpaper glue.
Taking into account the fact that all new types of wallpaper are constantly appearing, it is necessary to carefully read the instructions for using the glue. And it is best to use both wallpaper and glue from the same company.
Today on the market you can find many different types of wallpaper for walls with a large number of characteristics and properties that can be very different from each other. Each of them has its own pros and cons.
Classification by characteristics
To choose the right wallpaper, you need to understand that there are different types of products. There are several main classifications, depending on the capabilities and properties.
The first sign by which the wallpaper can be divided is cleaning with water:
- Regular. Only dry cleaning is tolerated. This group includes cheap acrylic and paper wallpapers.
- Moisture resistant. They do not badly tolerate light cleaning with a wet cloth or sponge, it is possible to use detergents.
- Washable. When cleaning, you can use brushes and non-aggressive detergents.
- Super washable. Can be easily washed with a brush and detergents, and are resistant to friction. These include vinyl wallpaper.
This feature is indicated on the roll label with a special wavy line icon.
The next parameter by which the wallpaper can be divided is fade resistance. It is necessary to select wallpaper in such a way that in the room where a large amount of sunlight falls, options resistant to fading are used. This setting is also displayed on the roll label as a sun icon.
An important feature is the fit of the pattern. There are options that require adjusting the edges of the wallpaper, while others do not need to be adjusted. The greater the gap, the more material is consumed.
Symbols of characteristics on rolls with wallpaper in the table.
Today the following types of wallpaper can be distinguished:
- paper;
- flesilin;
- vinyl wallpapers;
- acrylic wallpaper;
- natural wallpaper;
- glass wallpaper;
- textile wallpaper;
- metal wallpaper;
- liquid wallpaper;
- photowall-paper.
Attention! When buying, you need to pay attention to the fact that all rolls are from the same batch, since different batches can have different shades.
Let's consider each type separately.
Paper wallpaper
The paper is used as a basis, on which the drawing is applied. For a long time, paper wallpaper was the most common option in our country.
They are the most environmentally friendly. They come in single layer and double layer. Two-layer ones are much more reliable and last longer, additionally hide small irregularities in the walls. They can be embossed - the pattern is placed on the substrate, the relief is created by the top layer. They can be glued to walls or ceilings in rooms with normal humidity levels, not suitable for kitchens or bathrooms.
Attention! The quality of the wallpaper depends on the density of the material in the roll. For paper, the optimal weight is 110-140 g / m2.
Non-woven wallpaper
It is based on non-woven non-woven fabric. It is produced by applying a polymer to a cellulose fiber base. The composition of the resulting material is very similar to paper. Used for painting if foam vinyl is applied to the non-woven base.
Wallpaper non-woven geometry PL11001-12, Leroy Merlin, Price - 352 rubles.
Attention! According to GOST 6810-2002 "Wallpaper", non-woven wallpaper is considered safe if it does not contain a vinyl layer. It is extremely difficult to find such an option and the cost is much higher. The corresponding GOST must be indicated on the packaging.
Vinyl wallpapers
Vinyl wallpaper is considered to be products based on paper or non-woven fabric, with a top layer of polyvinyl chloride (in simple words - vinyl) applied to them. Recommended for use in the kitchen and hallway.
Acrylic
Acrylic wallpaper, like vinyl, usually consists of two layers. On a non-woven or paper base, the decorative layer is made of foamed acrylic.
Wallpaper ProSpero Baby & Kids 2310-DW-A, 3575 rubles.
Textile natural wallpaper
The composition of natural wallpaper is based on a high-quality non-woven coating, unbleached or rice paper. On which a highly decorative and natural material is applied in the form of cork, bamboo, reed, jute, veneer, algae. The first variants appeared in ancient China, however, they became widespread only recently. Synthetic analogs can often be found.
Attention! Natural wallpaper must not be cleaned of dust by wet cleaning. It is allowed to use a vacuum cleaner or a long-bristled brush.
Glass fiber or paintable wallpaper
Fiberglass fabric is used as the main material; quartz sand, dolomite, soda are also included in the composition. For painting work, only the base is prepared; for decorative decoration, a special decorative weaving is made. They are mainly used in offices. Does not prick when touched, unlike glass wool. Recommended to be painted with latex or water based paints.
Metallic
Non-woven or paper is used as the basis for metal wallpaper. The decorative layer is made using aluminum foil. Refers to the wallpaper of the elite class. Perfect for high-tech apartment design.
Wallpaper Arthouse Illusions, 294700, 4490 rubles.
Liquid
This is a special dry mixture that is applied to the wall with a spatula.
Without much experience, they can be confused with structural plaster, however, their composition varies. In the production of liquid wallpaper, no sand is used; cellulose is used as the main component, which is a harmless adhesive. Various decorative fibers, natural dyes and glitters are used to improve the appearance.
This type of wallpaper is sold as a dry powder that is diluted with water before being applied to the walls. The cost of 1 kg starts from 340 rubles. It is enough for 4-5 square meters, if a thin layer is applied, dry in 48 hours. It is not recommended to use liquid wallpaper in damp rooms, because they are highly hygroscopic.
Wallpaper
Photo wallpaper is a canvas consisting of several parts of a high-quality pattern, during which a single pattern is obtained when glued. They can be non-woven, vinyl or acrylic backing. There are also glossy and matte options.
What kind of wallpaper for walls are there? Modern products are so diverse that they are one of the most popular options for decorating wall surfaces in houses and apartments. Often the material is selected based solely on external data, but each option has its own characteristics that must be taken into account. The final result depends on the correctness of the choice.
Types of wallpaper for walls differ primarily in material. Just a few years ago, there were mostly paper versions on sale, now the situation has changed radically. Now you can choose the most acceptable variety, based on quality and decorative characteristics.
Paper
The most common type of wallpaper made exclusively from paper. It has several types:
- Plain or single layer. They are a paper tape with a printed pattern. They are not of the highest quality, therefore the density of the material is of great importance. Care must be taken during work, the canvas is easily damaged when gluing.
- Multilayer. They consist of two or three layers, they can hide small imperfections in coatings. Thanks to this, the products acquire the best decorative component.
- Resistant to moisture. This type of wallpaper is not washable, but it can withstand light damp cleaning.
Comparison of one-layer (simplex) and two-layer (duplex) paper wallpapers Advantages of paper material:
- Affordable price.
- Health safety.
- The coating breathes.
- Ease of installation.
But there are also disadvantages:
- Short service life of no more than 4–6 years.
- Impervious to moisture.
- Loss of decorative properties under the influence of ultraviolet radiation.
Naturally, this option is used mainly due to its low cost, which reduces the significance of the existing disadvantages.
Non-woven
The material consists of non-woven fibers of natural or artificial origin. It should be borne in mind that often under the guise of non-woven wallpaper, vinyl based on non-woven wallpaper is sold. These are completely different products with qualitative differences.
Positive sides:
- Increased strength.
- Water vapor permeability.
- No shrinkage even over time.
- Resistant to moisture.
- Possibility of hiding small flaws in the glued surface.
- Environmental friendliness.
The main disadvantage of real non-woven wallpaper is its high price and low prevalence.
Vinyl
Such products are made by applying vinyl on a non-woven or paper base. The top layer has increased durability and can be damp cleaned. They have proven themselves excellently for the kitchen and hallway; they retain an excellent appearance for a long time.
The top layer of vinyl products consists of polyvinyl chloride, which has high performance properties and is resistant to water Advantages of vinyl products:
- Possibility of not only wet cleaning, but also cleaning. But this must be indicated by the manufacturer.
- UV resistance.
- The relief of the drawings helps to conceal the existing shortcomings.
- There are variants that undergo multiple staining.
The most significant disadvantage is the lack of vapor permeability. That is why such material is not suitable for a children's room, as well as for complete cladding of bedrooms and living rooms.
Glass fiber
For pasting walls, such a modern look as glass wallpaper is also used. This option has great strength, therefore it is excellent for newly erected objects that are subject to shrinkage. Plain wallpaper for walls is used for subsequent painting.
Material pluses:
- Wear resistance.
- Durability.
- Prevents mold and mildew growth.
- Protection of the surface against cracking.
There are two main disadvantages: high price and small decorative range.
Other types of wallpaper
In addition to those listed, there are several more options:
On a note! There are also liquid wallpapers, but they stand out in a separate group due to their numerous features.
Textured varieties of wallpaper
Wallpapers differ not only in the materials of manufacture. Separately, there are textural varieties that have an unusual relief, which allows you to get a stylish and harmonious design.
Textured wallpapers are very popular due to the fact that they are able to create a visual imitation of various materials. This feature gives the interior an uniqueness and originality. They have proven themselves perfectly in rooms with high humidity. But this indicator depends on the base, which is most often non-woven or paper.
Product advantages:
- Increased wear resistance and strength for long service life.
- It is not always necessary to properly prepare the surface.
- All components comply with environmental safety standards.
- Additional soundproofing of the room.
The most preferred types are considered to be textured products made of non-woven base with foam vinyl spraying. The surface to be created can mimic stone, plaster or leather.
Seamless texture
Such wallpapers are made on paper, fabric and non-woven backing. Tapestry or jacquard is used as the front layer. A distinctive feature of the material - the canvas is glued completely to the entire surface of the wall.
The advantages of this option:
- Unique kind of patterns.
- The coating does not split into seams.
- Pleasant tactile sensations.
This type also has negative aspects, which are the complexity of installation and the impossibility of partial replacement. Naturally, the cost of such materials is quite high.
Textured wallpapers have a wide variety, which greatly complicates their choice. But it is with the help of this option that it is possible to obtain a completely individual interior. The peculiarity of the structure of the product lies in the fact that it consists of several layers, which makes it possible to obtain almost any relief.
On a note! Some manufacturers get the texture in a very unusual way: a natural material is applied to the base, for example, wood shavings.
Examples of textured roll products Textured wallpaper has the following advantages:
- Health safety.
- Water vapor permeability.
- Ease of installation.
- Much attention must be paid to durability, many options are very susceptible to wet cleaning.
- Large textured patterns are used for spacious rooms; in small rooms, they visually narrow the space.
- The simultaneous application of several reliefs is a rather complicated procedure. Moldings are used to hide the resulting seams.
There are special vinyl, non-woven and glass wallpapers for painting, for this the manufacturer produces them in white Textured wallpapers are:
- Vinyl. Have the ability to wet cleaning.
- Non-woven. Provides wear resistance to the coating.
- Fiberglass. Some irregularities are eliminated.
There are cheaper paper varieties and modern liquid varieties.
Liquid wallpaper is considered an environmentally friendly type of covering, which consists of silk, cotton or cellulose. Color varieties of wallpaper
Colored types of roll materials are:
- Plain wallpaper for walls. Such varieties are divided into matte and glossy wallpapers.
- Monochrome patterned. Allows you to implement a complex design idea.
- Two-tone with a pattern. A great option for classic interiors.
- Multicolor with patterns and patterns. They require thoughtfulness, difficult to combine.
Thus, modern types of wallpaper have a large decorative variety, which allows you to choose the most suitable option.