Flower lovers know how to find their "zest" even in the most nondescript plant. Flower growers are interested different types from a professional point of view. And consumers choose according to their taste. But dutch tulips able to conquer everyone with a variety of shapes, colors and colors.
The statement that tulips were first bred in Holland is not true. Although this misconception can be forgiven, in view of the fact that today the undisputed leadership in the cultivation and sales of these flowers belongs to this particular country. And it is the Dutch tulips that are the standard of beauty and quality, and there can be no rivals at all in the varietal diversity.
Belongs to the class of Darwin hybrids. Tulip with perfect correct form, bright red color, yellow bottom, about 50 cm high. The flowers are large, goblet, not afraid of frost and viruses. baby bulbs. They can grow in any soil, but prefer loose, well-drained loam or sandy loam soils. The landing site should be level, protected from drafts and well lit.
Temple of beauty
The flower got its name for a reason. Its unusual original color and size can strike on the spot even experienced florist. Obtained as a result of interspecific crossing. It is considered the largest tulip in the world. The height of the stem of the plant is about 1 m, and the bud is up to 14 cm. The shape is salmon pink with a carrot tint. Large bulbs, mid-late flowering. Needs well-drained soil.
Greuse
A flower with a normal shape, but an unusual color. The most delicate, but deep violet-blue color immediately attracts attention even among other beautiful flowers. Great for composing and.
Hamilton
The height of the stem is about half a meter, the height of the glass is 6 cm. The pronounced fringed structure of the petals and the unique bright yellow color make the flower one of the favorites in sales. In addition, Hamilton blooms for more than three weeks and has a delicate fragrant aroma. It reproduces well and is resistant to diseases.
Lambada
Another wonderful rep. The glass is large, orange-red, with a yellowish border, turning into a thick fringe. Height up to 50 cm. It is unpretentious to the soil, but needs good lighting and does not tolerate waterlogging.
Christmas Marvel
Very delicate flower. Refers to simple early tulips. The flowers are large, bright deep pink with a barely noticeable, light pale pink border. The name of the flower was due to the short cooling period of the bulbs and the ability to grow a flower before the Christmas holidays.
Triumph
A whole class of Dutch tulips, bred by crossing Darwin hybrids and simple early ones. Varieties of this group make up a quarter of the world's varietal diversity. The height of plants in this group is from 40 to 70 cm. The glasses are large, well-preserving shape. Colors of a wide variety of colors - from white to dark purple. Bloom for several weeks.
Landing features
Of course, every lover of these wonderful plants strives to grow as many different varieties as possible. However, not everyone knows how to plant Dutch tulips correctly. You can plant both seeds and bulbs. But the second method is more popular due to less time, effort and greater efficiency.
First you need to decide on a place. Flowers can grow in any soil, but light loose soils with neutral acidity are best suited. The day before planting, the earth should be loosened, and if the soil is too clayey, add sand, peat and humus. Planting material must be carefully checked, since one infected bulb can provoke infection of the rest.
Only healthy specimens should be selected. The upper husk is removed - this will help not only to carefully examine the bulb, but also in the future nutrients will be easier to digest. Then planting material treated with a solution of potassium permanganate or other disinfectant.
Planting Dutch tulips in open ground is carried out in the fall, because it is the slightly cold air that promotes the development of the bulbs. This feature is due to the genetics of tulips. It is important to plant a tulip not too early, so that the plants do not grow, and not too late, so that they have time to adapt to the cold weather. The end of September or the beginning of October is best.
Bulbs are planted quite deep, several times the height of the bulb. A little sand is poured at the bottom, then the ashes are sprinkled on the bulb. Fall asleep and smooth out. Watered only after 10 days.
Dutch tulips are not capricious and unpretentious, so if you wish, you can have a piece of the Netherlands in your garden.
Tulip (lat. Tulipa)- a genus of bulbous perennials of the Liliaceae family, one of the most popular spring garden plants grown both in private gardens and on an industrial scale. The homeland of tulips is Central Asia, and the plant got its name from the Persian word "turban", the shape of which resembles a flower.
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Planting and caring for tulips (in brief)
- Landing: late September or early October. At least in April.
- Digging: when two-thirds of the leaves turn yellow.
- Storage: until September at open drawers in a single layer in a well-ventilated room at 20 ˚C, then the storage temperature is reduced to 17 ˚C.
- Lighting: bright sunlight or light partial shade.
- The soil: slightly alkaline or neutral, well-drained, fertile and loose sandy loamy soil fertilized with ash and compost.
- Watering: regular and plentiful, especially during budding and flowering: 10 to 40 liters of water are spent on watering 1 m².
- Top dressing: mineral or organic fertilizers. The first time - in early spring, immediately after germination, the second time - during the budding period, the third time - after flowering.
- Reproduction: seed and vegetative (daughter bulbs).
- Pests: lilac scoops, root onion mites, bears, slugs, mice and moles.
- Diseases: gray, white, root, wet and soft rot, variegated and tobacco necrosis viruses (August disease).
Read more about growing tulips below.
Tulip flowers - description
A tulip grows in height from 10 cm to a meter. root system consists of adventitious roots growing from the bottom of the bulb and dying annually. Young bulbs form hollow stolons - side shoots, growing to the side or vertically down, a daughter bulb is formed at the bottom of the stolons. The stem of the tulip is cylindrical, erect, the leaves are bluish-green due to a light wax coating, elongated-lanceolate, arranged alternately along the stem. The largest sheet is the bottom, the smallest (flag sheet) is the top.
Tulip flowers open in the sun and close at night or on cloudy days.
A tulip usually has one flower, although there are many-flowered species and varieties, with 3-5 flowers or more. The flowers are regular, a perianth of six leaflets, six stamens with elongated anthers, most often the tulip flower is red, less often yellow, even more rarely white. The color of varietal tulips is much more diverse: red, purple, pure white, yellow, purple and almost black, there are varieties that combine several colors in the most incredible variations.
flower shape tulips are also diverse: cup-shaped, goblet-shaped, lily-shaped, oval, peony-shaped, star-shaped, fringed ... The size of the flower also depends on the variety - sometimes the length is 12 cm, and the diameter is from 3 to 10 cm (in full disclosure up to 20 cm). The fruit of tulips is a trihedral box, the seeds in it are triangular, flat, yellow-brown.
In the photo: Tulips in bloom
Growing tulips - features
Striking tulips august sickness caused by tobacco necrosis virus. The disease is fungal, manifested in the form of a curvature of the stem and an ugly striation of the flower, as well as dark spots on the bulb. Diseased plants should be removed immediately, the hole should be shed with a strong hot solution of potassium permanganate and boric acid at the rate of 10 g of manganese and 3 g of boric acid per 1 liter of water. You can fill the hole with ashes. The rest of the plants need to be sprayed with a two percent solution of Fundazol.
Sometimes tulips suffer from fungal diseases - gray, root, white, soft, wet or botrythial rot, especially if the spring turned out to be damp and rainy. The reasons may be different, but the preventive measures are the same: ensure good soil drainage, comply with all agrotechnical requirements for growing tulips, after digging the bulbs in the summer before planting them in the fall, sow plants that produce phytoncides (marigold, calendula, mustard, nasturtium) on the plot . In addition, for the purpose of prevention, fungicides are used, watering the area with a solution of 20 g per 10 liters of water.
In the photo: Variegation on a tulip
Of the pests, tulips are dangerous for tulips, lilac scoops, root onion mites, snails, slugs and mouse-like rodents.
Against onion mite use heat treatment bulbs, dropping them for five minutes in hot (35-40 ºС) water. If the infection was found already during the growing season, the tulips are sprayed with a two percent solution of Keltan or Rogor, and if this does not give quick results, the diseased specimens have to be dug up and destroyed. After digging the bulbs from the site, plant tomatoes, radishes or tagetes on it - these plants are resistant to mites.
Purple Owl afraid of dusting the lower leaves of plants with naphthalene.
For bear, snails and slugs scatter traps around the area: rags, pieces of plywood or slate, under which they like to crawl, and collect insects every day and destroy them. For a bear, you can dig into the soil glass jars and fill them with water not to the very top: insects fall into the water and cannot get out.
Tulips and irises are the flowers of my childhood!
I grew up in the south of Ukraine. In early spring our steppe, which stretched not far from the Askania-Nova nature reserve, turned into a bright sea of flowers from red tulips ...
But wild yellow tulips were very rare here.
Bloomed in the spring in our steppe and natural irises, medium-sized and low.
The admiration of the spring steppe with blooming tulips cannot be described in words!
Therefore, since childhood, I fell in love with tulips very much. These festive heralds of spring have become indispensable inhabitants of my garden.
Our dacha is located not far from Kharkov, 40 km to the north.
One day we ran into the same problem.
A few years ago my husband traveled to Holland and returned from there at the very beginning of winter. He brought 30 tulip bulbs from Amsterdam. Although he knew that it was too late to plant these bulbs in the garden, he coveted blue tulips ...
When we opened the packages of Dutch tulips, we found that almost all the bulbs already had the beginnings of sprouts!
I began to consult with experts - how best to deal with such bulbs. I was offered to plant tulips for distillation. However, this option didn't work for me.
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To date, the largest supplier of tulips in the world is the Netherlands. For a long time, these luxurious flowers have become a symbol of Holland. There is no other country in the world with such a large variety of plants in terms of shape, color and duration of flowering.
Dutch tulips are the benchmark highest quality and beauty. And a few centuries ago, their price was fabulous. For example, for one bulb of a plant they gave a brewery. Two solid stone houses had to be given for three bulbs of beautiful flowers.
Pride of Holland
Little Holland has made unprecedented progress in breeding these exquisite flowers over four centuries, becoming the main exporter of tulips, which many associate with the beginning of spring. Every year, this small country earns more than twenty-five billion dollars from floriculture. Dutch tulips, photos of which can be found in all publications for gardeners, are sent from this country to different states. Their number is 3/4 of all tulips sold in the world.
A kind of Mecca for flower growers is Dutch. It can be safely called the flower kingdom. Every year a magnificent exhibition takes place here, where the newest varieties of Dutch tulips are presented, original flower arrangements are exhibited. And some lucky ones even manage to bring new Dutch tulips from the exhibition.
However, you don't have to travel that far to follow them. great amount a variety of varieties today can be bought in Russian flower shops.
A bit of history
In 1554, the Austrian ambassador was on a visit to Turkey. The amazingly bright carpets of delicate tulips that adorned the courtyard of the Sultan's possessions pleased the ambassador so much that he bought several bulbs and sent them to Vienna. In those days, the Dutch botanist, Clusius, worked as a director in the Botanical Garden of Vienna, who enthusiastically took up and quickly achieved outstanding results.
Clusius gave the new varieties of tulips he developed to his friends, he did not deprive him of the bulbs gorgeous flowers and your homeland. In the city of Leiden (Holland), a botanical garden was opened in 1587, in which a talented breeder continued to work on breeding new varieties of tulips.
The appearance of tulips from Holland in Russia
In our country (then the USSR), Dutch tulips, photos of which you can see in our article, began to arrive in commercial volumes in the 50s of the last century. In those days, the most popular varieties were Apeldoorn, Diplomat, Parade, etc.
The quality has always been impeccable, the Dutch producers adhered to the terms of contracts very strictly, so every year the purchases of tulips increased. Many varieties produced by D. V. Lefeber" was bred by its founder, David Lefeber, by crossing his plants with "wild birds" from Russia. Thus, such varieties as Yuri Gagarin, In Memory of Lenin, the Bolshoi Theater and others appeared.
Variety of species and varieties
Listing only the names of varieties of Dutch tulips will take more than one page - in the international register their number reaches 2500. The main parameters of tulip varieties are flowering time, flower shape and height of the peduncle. According to the timing of flowering, they can be divided into:
- early flowering;
- mid-flowering;
- late flowering.
According to the height of the peduncle, they are divided into three groups:
- up to 80 cm - tall;
- up to 50 cm - medium height;
- from 8 cm - dwarf.
Dutch and care
Like almost any plant, these flowers can be grown from seeds or bulbs. However, in last years the first way is practically not grown Dutch tulips. Planting seeds is a long and troublesome task.
For young bulbs in well loosened soil, make a long furrow ten centimeters deep. The earth should be moistened with a salt solution at the rate of two hundred grams per ten liters of water. Before planting, inspect the bulbs and remove damaged ones. Then the selected material is soaked for half an hour in a solution of potassium permanganate. Pre-treat the soil with a solution of foundation. Put the bulbs in the prepared furrow at a distance of four centimeters and sprinkle them thin layer sand.
Dutch tulips are planted to a depth of three centimeters. If the soil is too dense, then you can plant a little higher, if it is too loose, then it is better to deepen the bulbs a little. The distance between rows should be at least twenty centimeters.
Landing time
If you want to grow blooming flower bed or get flowers for bouquets, planting bulbs is recommended in the fall. By the time of planting, the soil temperature should drop to +10 ° C. Planting dates are calculated so that before frost the bulb can take root within 2-3 weeks. If tulips are planted earlier, they may begin to grow rapidly. As a result, they overwinter poorly and most likely die.
More late boarding will cause the bulb not to take root and not receive nutrition in winter and early spring.
spring planting
Dutch which are pretty fascinating process, can be planted in the spring, thereby simulating the natural cycle. The bulbs are placed in refrigerator compartment(temperature +5 °C) for seven days. Then carry out the usual processing before planting and planted, as in the first case.
Dutch tulips: care
It During flowering, frequent watering allows the plant to achieve maximum size. Keeping the soil moist for two weeks after flowering is complete will allow the bulb to grow and develop properly. Watering Dutch tulips from below.
Water, falling on the leaves, can sometimes provoke the development of gray rot and other fungal diseases.
top dressing
During the season, tulips are usually fed twice. After the first leaves appear on the plant, it is necessary to make nitrogen fertilizers(ammonium nitrate, for example). But remember that an excess of nitrogen can reduce the plant's immunity and damage the root system.
During the formation of buds, tulips need trace elements. Therefore, you can use complex fertilizers ("Kemira-Lux"). Concentration - twenty grams per ten liters of water. Strengthens mullein plants.
New varieties
To the delight of flower growers, Dutch breeders annually indulge them with unique novelties. Many varieties have been appreciated by amateur flower growers. They decorate flower beds or use to create a magnificent landscape design. Nowadays, there are many different trends and trends in tulip breeding, but increased interest remains in shades of lilac and pink varieties(First Rosy, Cacharel, Jefgenia, Canberra, etc.). Below we will present you some of the novelties of the Dutch breeders.
Albatros
This is a classic snow-white tulip. It has a neat and very compact bud. Refers to varieties of medium ripening. The flower has a goblet nice shape and a large bud. The stem is strong. The leaf is painted in saturated green color.
beautytrend
This amazing variety will not leave anyone indifferent. It has an interesting combination of colors. The white goblet-shaped bud has a spectacular bright pink border. The variety is strong and tall. The height of the peduncle reaches 70 cm.
Canberra
This is a novelty in the flower market. However, the variety has already found fans among flower growers. The tulip has a spectacular lilac color with a white border. The flower is very large, its height reaches ten centimeters. Stem - 55 cm. Belongs to the medium flowering group.
Circuit
This variety should be noted among the novelties in pink coloring. The composition of the flower is delightful - the glass of the bud is painted in a bright pink color, with a delicate border of a lighter pink shade.
jefgenia
Another successful development of Dutch breeders. These flowers showed excellent results in the middle and early periods of distillation. The peduncle is powerful and strong. The height of the stem is 55 cm. The flower has a beautiful goblet shape, its height is 9 cm. The color is crimson, with a light edging.
Kasia
A plant with a powerful stem, 60 cm high. It is painted in a delicate pinkish-purple hue. A bud up to 10 cm high. These tulips are very popular in the flower market. Refers to varieties of medium forcing.
Verandi
It is necessary to highlight this spectacular variety in red tones. It combines bright red and yellow tones. This early variety. Stem height - 55 cm. A sharp transition of tones gives a special visual effect. It intensifies bright in green foliage.
Do not think that I want to impose on you elite bulbs at a reasonable price. Similar prices for them simply do not exist. It's about about growing tulips open field from real Dutch bulbs.
I will tell you, dear readers, a story that one of my acquaintances told me.
So. His wife received two packages as a gift from her son, who was visiting Holland for work. At the airport (there is a small flower and seed shop at Amsterdam Airport) he bought her two packs, a black tulip and an assortment of 36 bulbs. Their cost was impressive, at first, one euro per bulb seemed not cheap. But he attributed the high cost to airport international tariffs. Who flew, he knows the difference in prices before and after the border is closed. What was his surprise when, in his hometown, in the flower pavilion he saw similar bulbs for one and a half euros. His heart felt happier, but not for long.
planting tulips
The purchase was made in mid-March. Growing tulips begins with planting, so at the end of March he and his wife planted the bulbs, according to the instructions on the package, in open ground. Growing tulips outdoors was nothing new for his wife. In accordance with the instructions, 45 days after planting, tulips should bloom. And they, with the whole family, sat down in anticipation of an overseas miracle.
Miracles did not begin immediately. The first unpleasant miracle is the low germination of the bulbs. Out of 36 tulips, only 12 sprouted. It was very surprising. By appearance The quality of the bulbs was excellent. The size of the bulbs reached the size chicken egg. So there are no obvious reasons for low germination. Chemistry is more to blame. It is likely that the bulbs of the plant were processed chemicals in Dutch sanitary rules. Of the twelve plants that emerged, only six produced buds. All flower-bearing arrows turned out to be short (although this is a common occurrence in the first year after spring planting), the family of my friend hoped for normal development, based on the size of the bulbs.
The result of growing tulips in open ground
As a consolation prize, there were large “children” in the boxes, about six pieces, their presence did not affect the price. Moreover, all the children have risen, naturally without inflorescences. Therefore, there was no complete disappointment, the material for subsequent propagation was preserved, so that the cultivation of tulips in the open field from the bulbs received at home will continue next spring. But the cost of flowers turned out to be unexpectedly high.
Growing tulips from Dutch bulbs Photo and Video
Video clip on this topic. For all flower lovers