Chekist gundyaev is not only a billionaire thief, but also a murderer. Mikhailov's agent, also known as Kirill Gundyaev, and now the Patriarch of All Russia, Archpriest Mikhail Gundyaev, Kirill

• Date of Birth: January 5, 1907
• Place of Birth:
• Floor: the male
• Profession / place of work: priest, archpriest
• Place of residence: Leningrad, Tuchkov lane

• Date of death: October 13, 1974
• A place of death: Leningrad (St. Petersburg)

• Where and by whom arrested: Leningrad
• Date of arrest: December 1933
• Charge: "hostile to Soviet power, prepared a terrorist attack against Comrade Stalin"
• Conviction: February 25, 1934
• Judgment body: Troika at the UNKVD in the Leningrad Military District
• Sentence: 3 years ITL
• Departure place: Leningrad, House of preliminary detention (12.1933-02.1934)

• Data sources: Database "New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church of the XX century"; Database "New Martyrs and Confessors of the Russian Orthodox Church of the XX century"

Places of residence

Leningrad, Tuchkov lane
End date: 12.1933
After the courses were closed, in 1929, Mikhail Gundyaev was drafted into the army.
In 1929-1930. He served in the Red Army in the 4th Turkestan division.
Subsequently, after his arrest in 1934, during interrogation at the OGPU, he testified:

• "... Being in the Red Army, I remained a believer. I was called to the Special Department
• at the 4th Turkestan division. After interrogation, soon from the Red Army was
• expelled without the right to be a platoon commander. . . ".

After demobilization, Mikhail Gundyaev returned to Leningrad and got a job
design engineer at the plant N 4 them. M. I. Kalinina.
In 1931 he became a member of the church twenty of the Assumption Church.
Mikhail Gundyaev intended to enter a medical institute, but he was not there
accepted due to the fact that in the personal file there was a record that he studied
at the Higher Theological Courses.
He entered the Leningrad Mechanical College, where he studied on the job.
production.
After graduating from college in 1933. he entered the Leningrad Industrial
institute.
In December 1933 Mikhail Gundyaev made an offer to Raisa Vladimirovna Kuchina.
They were going to get married, and the wedding was already scheduled, but a few days
before the wedding he was arrested
Leningrad (St. Petersburg)
Start date: 1937
In the prewar years, Mikhail Vasilievich Gundyaev worked at Leningrad enterprises, having gone
from a turner to a technologist, designer and shop manager.
Graduated from the Correspondence Engineering Institute.
In the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior, he married his chosen one
Raisa Vladimirovna Kuchina.
In 1940 in their family was born the eldest son - Nikolai (later archpriest,
professor of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, rector of the Transfiguration Cathedral in St. Petersburg).
The beginning of the war found Mikhail Vasilyevich in the position of chief mechanic at one of the military
factories in Leningrad.
September 8, 1941 The blockade of Leningrad began.
The Gundyaevs did not evacuate from the besieged city. Mikhail Vasilievich worked
at the plant, which continued to work even under the blockade.
In the first months of the blockade, Mikhail participated in the construction of defensive fortifications
around the city and as a result of hard work quickly reached complete exhaustion.
He was picked up on the street as dead and brought to the morgue.
Since the morgue was packed, he was placed in the hallway. Nurse passing by
accidentally touched the sheet with which he was covered, and, looking at the face of the deceased,
I saw that the pupil contracted when the sheet flew off. The woman raised a cry
and it saved the dying man. The publicity of sending a living person to the morgue could
lead to disastrous consequences. The hospital management was scared.
Mikhail began to be intensively fed so that there would be no noise
Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod)
End date: 1945
After the blockade was broken, he, as a military specialist, was sent to Nizhny Novgorod,
where he was a military representative at the Gorky plant and was engaged in the acceptance of T-34 tanks
before sending them to the front.
Until the very day of the Victory, Mikhail Gundyaev worked in this post
Leningrad (St. Petersburg)
1945-1947
After the end of the war, Mikhail Vasilievich returned to Leningrad and continued to work
in the civil field.
November 20, 1946 the second son was born in the Gundyaev family - Vladimir (future
Patriarch Kirill).
In 1947 Mikhail Vasilyevich made a decision for himself to devote his life to serving
Church and gave to the Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod Grigory (Chukov),
to his former rector for the Higher Theological Courses, a petition for ordination.
The Metropolitan was puzzled by this, since the official position of Mikhail Vasilyevich
was quite noticeable, and this step of his seemed very extraordinary.
Wishing to test the firmness of intentions of the former student, Vladyka Gregory declared
Mikhail Vasilievich:

• "If you really want to change your Leningrad apartment
• for living in the most remote parish of the Leningrad diocese,
• in the village of Petrova Gorka on the border with the Pskov region, then I will ordain you.
• But don't count on serving in the city of Leningrad.
• So go and consult with your wife."

At the family council, it was decided to go to a remote parish

Ordination

deacon
03/09/1947
Who ordained
priest
March 16, 1947
Place Leningrad, Nikolo-Epiphany Cathedral
Who ordained Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod Grigory (Chukov)
After the ordination of Fr. Mikhail was assigned not to the outskirts of the Leningrad
diocese, and in the recently opened (in January 1947) cemetery Smolensk church
on Vasilyevsky Island
archpriest
1957
Who ordained Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod Eleutherius (Vorontsov)

Service

Nizhny Novgorod province, Lukoyanov
Position subdeacon of Bishop Polikarp (Tikhonravov) of Lukoyanovsky
1921-1926
Beginning in 1921, Mikhail Gundyaev was a subdeacon of Bishop Lukoyanovsky
Polikarpa (Tikhonravova)
Leningrad (St. Petersburg)
Position church choir singer
Start date: 1926
While studying at the Higher Theological Courses, Mikhail Gundyaev simultaneously sang
(tenor) on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays in the choir of the Assumption Church of the former courtyard
Kiev-Pechersk Lavra and actively participated in the parish life of the temple.
There he met his future wife Raisa Vladimirovna Kuchina,
who also sang in the church choir.
Raisa Vladimirovna was born in St. Petersburg, in an Orthodox family, in 1926.
graduated from high school, but for several years she could not go to college
due to their social background.
(In 1930, she nevertheless managed to enter the Leningrad Institute of Foreign Languages).
In August 1928 Higher theological courses were closed
Leningradskaya O., village Kamenka
Position acolyte
End date: 1929
Simultaneously with singing in the choir of the Assumption Church of the Kiev Compound, Mikhail Gundyaev
worked as a psalmist in the rural church of the village of Kamenka
Leningrad (St. Petersburg), cemetery church of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God on Vasilyevsky Island
priest
03/16/1947-1951
Rector of the newly revived Smolensk Church and the Chapel of Blessed Xenia
Petersburg was appointed Fr. Vasily Rayevsky. The consecration of the chapel took place
On February 1, 1947, and on March 8, the consecration of the throne and the first Divine
liturgy in the Smolensk church. March 16, 1947 here he began his ministry
priest Fr. Mikhail Gundyaev.
In post-war Leningrad, which survived the blockade, thousands of people filled the few
open churches, praying to the Lord for the dead and missing, seeking support
in your difficult life.
At the end of 1947 at the request of the rector, Fr. Vasily Raevsky, who applied
to Metropolitan Gregory, to the Smolensk Church was returned from the Vladimir Cathedral
the revered icon of the Mother of God "Merciful", which belonged to their temple, and after it
return, the number of parishioners in this temple increased significantly.
Mother Raisa, pregnant with her third child, doctors strongly recommended
to refuse childbirth, which can be dangerous for her life.
Then, together with their husband, they went to Vyritsa for spiritual advice and prayer.
support to the elder Seraphim Vyritsky, who accepted the young family, strengthened them
them, and soon (in 1949) their daughter Elena was born (later she became the head
Petersburg Diocesan Church Theological School).
In those years, the authorities adopted a course of struggle against the Church, using financial mechanisms,
imposing excessive taxes on the clergy.
From the memoirs of Patriarch Kirill:

• "My father was invited to Raifo and was told that he had earned
• some fantastic money, and therefore has to pay about 120 thousand
• rubles of tax: at that time it was an unthinkable amount. no real
• The father was not able to pay this amount. There were trials, my father was sentenced
• to pay off a debt; all our property was described, and we practically lived on
• what people brought us: someone - bread, someone - flour, someone herring,
• someone is sugar. Father could have done very badly, just finished,
• if he hadn't paid the money. And then his friends and acquaintances - including
• Leningrad intelligentsia, some professors, academicians, scientists, some
• from the clergy - began to raise funds to pay this tax.
• And they were collected. But for the rest of his life, his father paid his debts,
• and then I paid my father's debts. We just finished paying
• when - already in the rank of archimandrite - I went to Geneva as a representative
• Moscow Patriarchy".

Patriarch Kirill's sister Elena recalls:

• "... There was absolutely nothing to describe. Books, thank God, were not described.
• All we had left was the library. . . But with all the poverty, mom always
• gave us tea from cups and saucers. No matter what! She raised us like this
• that even in difficult years a person should not lose the appearance and likeness of God. . .
• How we lived - I do not understand. As a child, I went out to the front door, and on
• the handle always hung a net string bag with products. They were brought by ordinary parishioners -
• people of very modest means. Most often it contained a herring and a loaf of bread.

In 1951 O. Mikhail was transferred to the Transfiguration Cathedral

priest
1951-1957
Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral
archpriest
Position Assistant Dean (since 1959)
1957-1960
In the responsibility of Michael, in addition to the statutory services, included reading on Thursdays
Akathist to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in front of his revered icon. After each
akathist, which, according to tradition, was accompanied by the singing of the people, Fr. Michael necessarily
delivered a sermon. Many people gathered for these weekly services, and
The Transfiguration Cathedral could not accommodate all the worshipers. Such popularity
O. Michael as a pastor and preacher was approved by the diocesan authorities,
but irritated the secular authorities.
About their children. Michael brought up in faith and piety. From the memories of a daughter
Elena Mikhailovna:

• "From early childhood, dad told us: if you are believers, stay that way
• in everything, and if you retreat at least in something, that’s all, and in the rest of your life you will
• seek compromises with conscience and circumstances. And we, looking at the father,
• they never hid their faith, they were not Octobrists. nor pioneers.
• Moreover, our peers respected us very much. But the teachers got it, especially
• brother. He studied brilliantly, but he was regularly called to the director's office. . . "

In 1960 by decree of the Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod Pitirim (Sviridov)
Archpriest Mikhail Gundyaev was unexpectedly transferred from the Transfiguration Cathedral
to the Leningrad Region as rector of the Alexander Nevsky Church in Krasnoye Selo.
At the Divine Liturgy, which Fr. Michael
in the Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior, more than three thousand people gathered, wishing
receive the blessing of a beloved shepherd. The city authorities were scared and alarmed
similar demonstration of popular recognition
Leningradskaya Island, Krasnoe Selo (now within the city of St. Petersburg), Alexander Nevsky Church
archpriest
Position rector
Start date: 1960
The Alexander Nevsky Church in Krasnoe Selo was built in 1890. on the initiative
Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich and at the expense of private benefactors.
The church was closed in 1932. During the war, Krasnoe Selo was in the zone
German occupation in early 1942. the German command allowed the temple to be opened,
and for about a year there were services there, which
Priest of the Pskov Mission Fr. John Pirkin. After the war, at the request of local
residents, in July 1947. the renovated church was consecrated, and the first
Archpriest Nikolai Ilyashenko was appointed its rector.
During the tenure of Fr. Mikhail Gundyaev, in the 1960s, from the south side
Alexander Nevsky Church, an extension was made in the form of a closed gallery, where
later they began to perform funeral services.
Father Michael served in the Alexander Nevsky Church for 10 years
Leningrad (St. Petersburg), Seraphim Church at the Seraphim Cemetery
archpriest
Position rector
1970-12.01.1972
In 1970 O. Mikhail Gundyaev, by decree of the Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod
Nikodim (Rotov) was appointed rector of the cemetery church of St. Rev. Seraphim
Sarovsky in Leningrad. It was one of the few
churches that escaped the fate of closure and desecration after 1917. Shrine of the temple
there was an icon of the Mother of God "Tenderness", which is a list from a cell icon,
before which St. Rev. Seraphim of Sarov. Another shrine of the temple was
icon of the 17th century Mother of God "Smolensk". Before these revered shrines
Archpriest Mikhail always served prayers and read akathists. In the cemetery where
this temple was located, over 100 thousand people who died in the days of
blockade of Leningrad, and Fr. Michael also always performed funeral services there.
and memorial services.
In 1972 Metropolitan Nikodim (Rotov) Appointed Archpriest Michael Rector
St. Nicholas Church on Bolshaya Okhta
Leningrad (St. Petersburg), St. Nicholas Church on Bolshaya Okhta
archpriest
Position pastor, member of the Diocesan Council
01/13/1972-01/13/1974
Nikolsky Church on Bolshaya Okhta is also one of the few that has not been subjected to
closure and destruction.
About Archpriest Michael in his personal file, which is kept in the diocesan archives
Petersburg diocese, says:

• "... A convinced, disciplined and deeply respected shepherd and man.
• Differs in modesty of character. A wonderful and responsive companion.
• Good preacher. Performs divine services and rites earnestly and penetratingly
• with excellent diction. Fulfills all the spiritual requests of believers without fail
• outside the territory of the cathedral, without any selfish motives, based solely on
• for pastoral reasons. . . "

Applicants

Kondratovich Igor Vyacheslavovich

Publications

1. Synod of the persecuted, tortured, innocently injured in bonds of Orthodox clergy and laity of the St. Petersburg diocese. XX century. SPb., 1999.
S. 44.
2. Synod of the persecuted, martyred, in bondage of the innocent victims of Orthodox clergy and laity of the St. Petersburg diocese: XX century. 2nd edition revised. SPb., 2002. 280s.
S. 92.
3. St. Petersburg martyrology. SPb. : Publishing house "Mir", "Society of St. Basil the Great", 2002. 416p.
S. 92.
4. Eternal memory to the deceased // ZhMP. 1976. No. 6.
pp. 23-24.
5. On the centenary of Archpriest Mikhail Gundyaev // ZhMP. 2008. No. 5.
6. Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Kirill and his historical roots in Nizhny Novgorod. Photo album. / Comp. archim. Tikhon (Zatekin) and others. Ed. otd. Nizhny Novgorod diocese, Nizhny Novgorod: NPPTs "Verb", 2011. 360s., ill.
pp. 60-92.
7. http://drevo_info. ru/articles/14113. html (Tree - Open Orthodox Encyclopedia. Archpriest Mikhail Vasilyevich Gundyaev).
8.http://www. tayninskoye. ru/voskresnye-besedy/besedy-2010-god/svyateish-ii-patriarh-kirill. html (Mytishchi deanery. Church of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin in Taininsky. His Holiness Patriarch Kirill).

Family

Paternal Patriarch Mordvin, (surname Gundyaev from the old Mordovian name Gundyai). Grandfather - Vasily Gundyaev- a priest - went through 47 prisons and 7 exiles, spent almost 30 years in prison. He served time, including on Solovki. He ended up in prison because he fought against the renovationism of the church, which at one time was inspired by the Cheka.

Father is a priest Mikhail Vasilievich Gundyaev(January 18, 1907 - October 13, 1974). Graduated from the Higher Theological Courses in Leningrad; served two years in the Red Army, in 1933 he graduated from the Mechanical College, entered the Leningrad Industrial Institute. But he did not finish it - he was accused of political disloyalty, arrested and sentenced to 3 years. Served time for Kolyma.

After the war, on March 9, 1947, he was ordained a deacon, on March 16 of the same year - a priest by Metropolitan Grigory (Chukov) of Leningrad, appointed to the Church of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God on Vasilyevsky Island.

In 1951 he was transferred to the Transfiguration Cathedral, where he served as assistant rector. In 1960 he was transferred to the rector of the Alexander Nevsky Church in Krasnoye Selo; then the Seraphim Church, in 1972 - became rector of the St. Nicholas Church on Bolshaya Okhta.

Mother - Raisa Vladimirovna Gundyaeva(November 7, 1909 - November 2, 1984); dev.Kuchina, taught German at school.

Elder brother - archpriest Nikolai Gundyaev- worked as a rector St. Petersburg Theological Academy, professor, rector of the Transfiguration Cathedral in St. Petersburg.

The younger sister Elena works as the director of an Orthodox gymnasium.

Biography

Born November 20, 1946 in Leningrad. While still a schoolboy, he worked in the Leningrad Complex Geological Expedition of the North-Western Geological Administration, from 1962 to 1965 - as a cartographer.

In 1965 he entered the Leningrad Theological Seminary, then - the Leningrad Theological Academy.

On April 3, 1969, Metropolitan Nikodim (Rotov) of Leningrad and Novgorod was tonsured a monk and given the name Cyril. In the same year, on April 7, he was ordained a hierodeacon, and on June 1, a hieromonk.

Graduated with honors in 1970 Leningrad Theological Academy, received the degree of candidate of theology (dissertation on the topic "The formation and development of the church hierarchy and the teaching of the Orthodox Church about its grace-filled character"). He remained at the Academy as a professorial fellow, teacher of dogmatic theology and assistant inspector.

From August 30, 1970, he performed the obedience of the personal secretary of the Metropolitan of Leningrad Nikodim (Rotova).

On September 12, 1971, he was elevated to the rank of archimandrite. In the same year he became a representative of the Moscow Patriarchate under World Council of Churches in Geneva.

At the age of 28 (December 26, 1974) he was appointed rector of the Leningrad Theological Academy and Seminary. He organized a special regency class for girls and introduced physical education lessons into the program.

In December 1975 he became a member of the Central Committee and the executive committee World Council of Churches, and since 1975 - a member of the commission "Faith and Order" of the World Council of Churches, since March 3, 1976 a member of the Synodal Commission on Christian Unity and Interchurch Relations.

On September 9, 1977, he was elevated to the rank of archbishop, and on October 12, 1978 he was appointed manager of the patriarchal parishes in Finland. In the same year he was appointed chairman of the Department for External Church Relations.

Since 1983 - taught at the postgraduate course at Moscow Theological Academy.

Since December 26, 1984 - Archbishop of Smolensk and Vyazemsky. The transfer to the provincial see was due to the refusal to vote in 1980 for the resolution of the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches, which condemned the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, as well as other anti-religious motives of the USSR authorities.

In April 1989 he became "Archbishop of Smolensk and Kaliningrad".

November 14, 1989 became Chairman of the Department for External Church Relations Moscow Patriarchy, permanent member Holy Synod.

Since 1990 - appointed chairman of the commission of the Holy Synod for the revival of religious and moral education and charity, member of the Synodal Biblical Commission.

Since 1993 - co-chairman, since 1995 - deputy head of the World Russian People's Council. Since 1994 Honorary President of the World Conference "Religion and Peace". Since February 26, 1994 - Member of the Synodal Theological Commission.

Since 1994, he became the host of the spiritual and educational program "The Word of the Shepherd" on Channel One.

In 1995-2000, he headed the Synodal Working Group to develop the concept of the Russian Orthodox Church on issues of church-state relations and problems of modern society.

On December 6, 2008, the day after the death of Patriarch Alexy II, at a meeting of the Holy Synod, Kirill was elected Patriarchal Locum Tenens by secret ballot.

On December 10, 2008, he became chairman of the commission established by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church for the preparation Bishop's and Local Councils(scheduled for the end of January 2009) of the Russian Orthodox Church.

On December 29, 2008, he told reporters that he was speaking " categorically against any reforms" in the church.

On December 30, 2008, at a meeting with students of the Sretensky Theological Seminary, he said that, in his opinion, the huge problem of church life before the revolution was that it was not possible to create a strong Orthodox intelligentsia, which he dreamed of. Anthony Khrapovitsky(banned by the Moscow Patriarchate, the First Hierarch of ROCOR).

On January 27, 2009, at the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, he was elected the 16th Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, gaining 508 votes out of 677 (75%).

On February 1, 2009, Metropolitan Kirill was enthroned to the patriarchal rank in Cathedral of Christ the Savior.

On March 11, 2009, during a trip around the country, he said that the main criterion in evaluating the activities of the Church should be the moral state of society, and not the fullness of churches.

April 16, 2009, Maundy Thursday, committed rite of washing feet- "for the first time in recent history."

April 29, 2009, during a meeting with the Prime Minister of Ukraine Yulia Tymoshenko, said: " For the Russian Orthodox Church Kiev is our Constantinople with its Hagia Sophia; it is the spiritual center and the southern capital of Russian Orthodoxy".

On July 4-6, 2009, he made his first, as the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church, an official foreign visit - Istanbul (Patriarchate of Constantinople). As a result of his negotiations with Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew, started talking about the warming of traditionally tense relations between the two patriarchates. The Patriarch also met with the head of the Department of Religious Affairs under the Turkish government.

In 2011 he made 21 archpastoral visits to 19 dioceses of Russia, Ukraine and Moldova.

According to the results of a sociological survey conducted at the end of June 2012 by VTsIOM, 46% of respondents treated the Patriarch with respect, in 27% he inspires hope, trust in 19%, sympathy in 17% of respondents; distrust causes in 4% of respondents, disappointment - in 2%, indifference - in 13%, antipathy in 1% of survey participants, 1% condemn it or perceive it skeptically.

In August 2012, information appeared that the Patriarch became a user of the social network for the first time in history. Facebook with account PatriarchKirill. However, back in May 2012, the deacon Alexander Volkov- the deputy head of the press service of the Moscow Patriarchate noted that "this is not a personal page of Patriarch Kirill, but one of the official information resources of the Moscow Patriarchate", and specified that " the resource will not be a source of direct communication with the Holy Patriarch".

In September 2012, at the invitation of the Primate Polish Orthodox Church Archbishop Savva of Warsaw made an official visit to Catholic Poland, where he met both with representatives of the Orthodox Churches and with the Catholic clergy. This visit was not only ecclesiastical, but also political; this trip was an important step towards establishing relations with the Holy See. These actions have received a positive response from vatican.

From June 1 to June 7, 2013, the Patriarch was on his first official visit to Greece, where he met with the Pontic Greeks. From 8 to 9 September visited Transnistria.

On November 11, 2014, the XVIII World Russian People's Cathedral under the banner "The unity of history, the unity of the people, the unity of Russia".

Patriarch Kirill, speaking to the audience, said: " 2014 opened a new chapter in world history - a dramatic one. Those who consider themselves victors in the Cold War inspire everyone that the path of development they determine is the right one and, moreover, the only one possible for humanity. Dominating the information space, they impose their understanding of the economy and government on the world, they seek to suppress the determination to uphold values ​​and ideals that are different from their values ​​and ideals associated with the idea of ​​a consumer society. The Russian people are the most important subject of national relations in Russia and their national interests should not be ignored, but should be taken into account with maximum attention in order to achieve harmony with the interests of other national communities.".

And in conclusion, the Patriarch addressed the elites: " It is necessary that we at all levels realize that the interests of the Russian people should not be ignored, but taken into account to the maximum. In order for the elites to understand that genuine Russian identity does not threaten the integrity of Russia and the interethnic world, but rather acts as a guarantor of the country's unity", concluded the Patriarch.

Social activity

Since January 13, 1995 - member of the Public Council under the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation on the settlement of the situation in Chechen Republic.

Since May 24, 1995 - Member of the Presidium of the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation for State Prizes of the Russian Federation in the field of literature and art.

From August 2, 1995 to May 28, 2009 - Member of the Council for Interaction with Religious Associations under the President of the Russian Federation.

Since February 19, 1996, a member of the board of the Russian State Maritime Historical and Cultural Center (Marine Center).

Since December 4, 1998, he has been a member of the Russian organizing committee for preparations for the meeting of the third millennium and the celebration of the 2000th anniversary of Christianity.

Since October 10, 2005 - member of the organizing committee for the Year of the Russian Federation in the People's Republic of China and Years of the People's Republic of China In Russian federation.

Since September 1, 2007 - member of the organizing committee for the Year of the Russian Federation in the Republic of India and the Year of the Republic India In Russian federation.

Scandals, rumors

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a newspaper journalist "Moscow's comsomolets" Sergei Bychkov accused Metropolitan Kirill of using tax breaks provided by the government in the early 1990s to import alcohol (church wine) and tobacco products.

According to the newspaper, the financial and trading group "Nika" was engaged in the import of tobacco products, the vice-president of which was the archpriest Vladimir Veriga- commercial director of the Department for External Church Relations, which was led by Kirill. Journalist Sergei Bychkov published a number of articles about this commercial activity.

Then Metropolitan Kirill, recognizing the fact of import transactions on behalf of the DECR, repeatedly denied accusations of personal interest, he called such publications "a very specific political order", and "not newspapers, but one newspaper" write about this.

After the collapse of the USSR, the Commission of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Russia to investigate the causes and circumstances GKChP from the sources handed over to her concluded that the authorities KGB In the USSR, church bodies were used for their own purposes by recruiting and sending KGB agents to them.

That is, some of the hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church were agents KGB. Based on a comparison of the well-known foreign trips of agent "Mikhailov" and Vladyka Kirill, the commission formed an opinion about the identity of Vladyka Kirill and agent "Mikhailov". In 2003 a member Moscow Helsinki Group priest Yuri Edelstein sent a letter to the President of Russia V.V. Putin, where he also accused Metropolitan Kirill of having links with the KGB.

In 2005, Kirill supported the position of the mayor of Moscow on a ban on holding a parade of sexual minorities in the city. In an interview with Spiegel magazine in January 2008, he also confirmed his unconditional condemnation of homosexuality, but spoke out against the persecution of persons with a homosexual orientation ( they have the right to live as they see fit).

Visit of the Patriarch to Ukraine by invitation Synod of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church(July 27 - August 5, 2009) was accompanied by local riots in Kiev, as well as protest actions of Ukrainian non-canonical church jurisdictions.

Speaking on 29 July Kiev-Pechersk Lavra at a meeting with the clergy, laity, teachers and students of the Kiev Theological Academy, the Patriarch criticized " influence on Western Christian theology of the ideas of the Enlightenment and the philosophical ideas of liberalism".

On August 5, the final day of the visit, Kirill said that he was not opposed to spending half a year in Moscow, half a year in Kiev, and "would be ready to accept Ukrainian citizenship." The next day the business manager UOC archbishop Mitrofan(Yurchuk) insisted that the last statement was a joking response.

In September of the same year, following the results of the visit of the Patriarch, the Argumenty Nedeli newspaper reported that "a certain circle of so-called security officials" did not like some of the Patriarch's political actions, in particular, during his visit to Ukraine.

September 25, 2009, while on a visit to Belarus, during a meeting with the President Alexander Lukashenko, Patriarch said: " The Church is always ready to support the strengthening and development of the union of fraternal states and to assist in the dialogue of the Belarusian leadership with the Russian authorities".

Addressing the people from the porch of the Church of All Saints under construction in Minsk, he said that he is aware of himself " as the Patriarch of the people who came out of the Kiev baptismal font". Apparently he meant that the Moscow Patriarchate does not intend to conform the limits of its local church jurisdiction with the new state borders that arose after the collapse of the USSR.

Kirill called into question the "reality" of the sovereignty of many states with such a statement: " there are many countries in the world that consider themselves sovereign, but which are not able to act, including in the international arena, in full accordance with their national interests". This statement had a great negative resonance.

On February 25, 2010, on the day the fourth President of Ukraine took office, together with Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine Volodymyr (Sabodan), he delivered a speech to the new head of state, for the first time in the history of Ukraine.

The participation of the Patriarch in the event in connection with the inauguration of the president of a foreign state (the first such act in the history of the Moscow Patriarchate) provoked criticism from a number of politicians in Ukraine. Portal-Credo.Ru disseminated officially unconfirmed information that the Moscow Patriarchate is considering the possibility of replacing the Kiev cathedra by Patriarch Kirill along with the Moscow cathedra after the departure of Metropolitan Vladimir.

On Christmas Day 2012, Patriarch Kirill urged the authorities to listen to popular protests and correct the political course, stressing that in terms of the development of democracy in Russia, almost nothing has changed since the Soviet era, or has only changed for the worse, since the grassroots level of power, which is in close contact with the people , causes a persistent rejection among the people. But at the same time, he called on people "not to succumb to provocations", "to be able to express disagreement" and "not to destroy the country."

At the beginning of 2012, a loud scandal arose around a court case on compensation for damage to an apartment owned by the Patriarch, in which the defendant was a resident of the neighborhood Yuri Shevchenko. According to the position of the plaintiff registered and living in the patriarch's apartment Lydia Leonova and a court decision, on the basis of an examination performed by experts from the IGIC, the dust from repairs in Shevchenko's apartment contained components hazardous to health, including nanoparticles, and caused damage to the Patriarch's apartment, furniture and book collection.

The amount of the claim amounted to about 19.7 million rubles. Such a large amount of the claim and the unclear status of Leonova caused numerous critical articles in the media and discussion in the blogosphere. In a conversation with a journalist, the Patriarch explained that he had nothing to do with the lawsuit filed by his second cousin Leonova, who was registered in his apartment.

At the same time, Kirill argued that the money that ex-Minister of Health Shevchenko paid Leonova at the suit would be used to clean up the library and charity.

In 2011 on their pages "New Newspaper" reported that the protection of the Patriarch is carried out by employees of the Federal Security Service ( FSO), despite the fact that the Patriarch is not a civil servant. In December 2011, a special amendment was made to the federal law "On Protection". In accordance with it, taxpayers now pay not only for the protection of officials, but also for "other persons." The state ranked the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church among these "other persons", providing him with protection due to the allegedly large number of threats coming to Kirill from "militant atheists."

Archpriest Vladimir Vigilyansky, head of the Patriarch's press service, confirmed to Gazeta.Ru that the Patriarch had a state guard, who stressed that "President Yeltsin made such a decision." However, Patriarch Alexy was guarded much more modestly, according to scheme number three - "just our car plus accompanying employees." Now the protection of the Patriarch is carried out according to the "presidential scheme". This scheme includes "work on the route, at the place of stay, at the retreat. Plus escort. In total, more than 300 employees are involved in the protection of the Patriarch," a source in the press service of the FSO specified.

In 2012, Patriarch Kirill at a meeting with the Minister of Justice Alexander Konovalov once again "trump card" with his watch Breguet for 20 thousand dollars. The servants of the press service of the Patriarchate, wiped the watch in Photoshop, but forgot about their reflection on the table. This fact did not escape the attention of bloggers, who quickly made it the No. 1 news. Further, at the suggestion of Patriarch Kirill himself, the story with the clock received an even more unexpected continuation. First, the Patriarch called the photo with Breguet photoshop, and then unexpectedly recognized the watch as a "gift".

In the same year, the Patriarch made an appeal not to ignore the action committed by the punk band Pussy Riot in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. In many ways, thanks to the irreconcilable position of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Patriarch personally, on August 17, 2012, 3 members of the group were sentenced under the article hooliganism, condemning them to 2 years in prison in a penal colony.

In response to criticism in connection with this, as well as a number of scandalous cases, the Moscow Patriarchate, the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation and some politicians announced an organized campaign to discredit the Patriarch and the Russian Orthodox Church. Patriarch Kirill himself on June 16, 2012, on the air of the program "Word of the Shepherd" on Channel One, called people "who criticize the church" "requiring spiritual healing."

year 2014. Another scandal erupted in connection with the congratulations of Patriarch Kirill on his victory in the presidential elections in Ukraine. Moreover, Kirill did this earlier than the President of the Russian Federation.

"Together with many people, I hope that the powers that are in your hands today will serve the good of both the east, and the west, and the north, and the south of Ukraine", - said Patriarch Kirill.

Many considered Poroshenko’s congratulations on behalf of the Russian Orthodox Church an insult to the inhabitants of eastern Ukraine, against whom a war was unleashed, as well as an insult to the Russian people, against whom, thanks to the efforts of the new Ukrainian government, a propaganda war is being waged.

At the end of September 2015, the Public Network Movement funded by , published on the Internet a photo report allegedly from the rest of the Russian Patriarch Kirill of the Russian Orthodox Church Azimut costing about 680 thousand euros.

… KIRILL (in the world Vladimir Mikhailovich GUNDYAEV) Locum Tenens of the Patriarchal Throne of the Russian Orthodox Church (2008-), Metropolitan of Smolensk and Kaliningrad, Deputy Head of the World Russian People's Council Born November 20, 1946 in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), in the family of a priest. grandfather - Vasily Gundyaev- by profession a railway mechanic, one of the active fighters against renovationism in the Nizhny Novgorod region under the leadership of Metropolitan Sergius (Stargorodsky, later Patriarch), was arrested in 1922, served time in Solovki; after returning from prison, in the mid-1950s he became a priest. Father, archpriest Mikhail Vasilievich Gundyaev- in the 30s he was repressed, in the 40s he was the leading engineer of one of the military factories of the besieged Leningrad, in 1947 he was ordained a priest, he served in the Leningrad diocese. Brother, archpriest Nikolai Mikhailovich Gundyaev, since 1977 rector of the Transfiguration Cathedral of St. Petersburg, professor of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Sister - Elena, an Orthodox teacher. At school, due to religious beliefs, he did not join the pioneers and the Komsomol; became the hero of an anti-religious publication in the city newspaper. In 1961 he left his parental home (since 1959 the family lived in Krasnoe Selo near Leningrad) and went to work in the cartographic bureau of the Leningrad Complex Geological Expedition. In parallel, he studied at an evening school, which he graduated in 1964. In 1965-67, with the blessing of the Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod Nikodim (Rotova) studied at the Leningrad Theological Seminary (LDS). In 1967-69 he studied at the Leningrad Theological Academy (LDA), from which he graduated with honors. On June 1, 1970, he received a Ph.D. in theology for his essay "The Formation and Development of the Church Hierarchy and the Teaching of the Orthodox Church about Her Gracious Character." In his student years in March-April 1968, he participated in the 3rd All-Christian Peace Congress (VMK) in Prague; in July 1968 - in the IV Assembly of the World Council of Churches (WCC) in Uppsala. He was a participant in the annual meetings of the Central Committee of the WCC as a young adviser, was vice-chairman of the youth commission of the Christian Peace Congress (KMK).

On April 3, 1969, Metropolitan of Leningrad and Novgorod Nikodim (Rotov) was tonsured a monk, on April 7, 1969 he was ordained a hierodeacon, on June 1, 1969 - a hieromonk.

After graduating from the academy, he was left at the LDA as a professorial fellow, teacher of dogmatic theology and assistant inspector of the LDA and S. From August 30, 1970 - personal secretary of Metropolitan Nikodim (Rotov), ​​chairman of the Department for External Church Relations (DECR). On September 12, 1971, he was elevated to the rank of archimandrite, then appointed representative of the Moscow Patriarchate to the All-Russian Church in Geneva, rector of the parish of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In 1971, he represented the theological schools of the Russian Orthodox Church at the General Assembly of the world Orthodox youth organization SINDESMOS (at this assembly, the theological schools of the Russian Orthodox Church became members of SINDESMOS) and was elected a member of its executive committee. In 1972, he accompanied Patriarch Pimen on his trip to the countries of the Middle East, as well as to Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Greece and Romania. On December 26, 1974, he was appointed rector of the LDA and with the dismissal of the representative of the MP at the WCC. Since June 7, 1975 - Chairman of the Diocesan Council of the Leningrad Diocese. From December 1975 he was a member of the Central Committee and the Executive Committee of the All-Russian Central Committee. On September 9, 1976, he was appointed permanent representative of the Russian Orthodox Church in the plenary commission of the WCC. In November 1975, at the ecumenical assembly in Nairobi, he condemned the letter of Fr. Gleb Yakunin about the persecution of believers in the USSR and denied the facts of violation of the rights of believers. In December 1975 he was elected a member of the Central and Executive Committees of the WCC. On March 3, 1976, at a meeting of the Holy Synod, he was appointed Bishop of Vyborg, Vicar of the Leningrad Diocese. At the same time, he was included in the Commission of the Holy Synod on Christian unity and inter-church relations. Hirotonisan on March 14, 1976. On April 27-28, 1976, as part of the delegation of the Moscow Patriarchate, he participated in negotiations and interviews with representatives of Pax Christi Internationalis. On September 9, 1976, he was approved as a permanent representative of the Russian Orthodox Church to the plenary commission of the WCC. From November 18, 1976 to October 12, 1978 - Deputy Patriarchal Exarch of Western Europe (according to a report dated November 4, 1976 from Metropolitan Nikodim (Rotov), ​​Patriarchal Exarch of Western Europe, about the need to appoint a deputy to him in connection with the fifth heart attack - with the proposal of Kirill's candidacy). On November 21-28, 1976, he participated in the First Pre-Council Pan-Orthodox Conference in Geneva. From January 22 to January 31, 1977, he headed a delegation from the Leningrad and Novgorod diocese at the anniversary of the Patriarchal Communities in Finland. From July 19 to 26, 1977, at the head of a delegation from the theological schools of the Russian Orthodox Church, he attended the IX General Assembly of the Syndesmos in Chambesy.

From October 12 to October 19, 1977, together with Patr. Pimen was on an official visit to Patras. Demetrius I (Patriarchate of Constantinople). From November 23 to December 4, 1977, he visited Italy at the head of a delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church. On December 23-25, 1977, with a delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church headed by Patriarch Pimen, he participated in the enthronement of the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia II. On June 22-27, 1978, he was present with a delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church at the Fifth All-Christian Peace Congress in Prague. October 6-20, 1978 participated in negotiations with representatives of the Roman Catholic Church. On October 12, 1978, he was relieved of his post as Deputy Patriarchal Exarch of Western Europe and appointed manager of the patriarchal parishes in Finland (he served them until 1984). From March 27 to March 29, 1979, he participated in the Consultation "The Responsibility of the Churches of the USSR and the USA for Disarmament". From July 12 to July 24 of the same year, he headed the delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church at the World Conference "Faith, Science and the Future" in Cambridge (USA). From November 9 to 24, 1979, as part of a delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church, at the invitation of the French Episcopal Conference, he visited France. On November 16, 1979, he was appointed a member of the Holy Synod Commission on Christian Unity. From January 28 to 31, 1980, he was present in Budapest at a meeting of representatives of Churches from the socialist countries of Europe and leading figures of the WCC. On May 29, 1980, he participated from the Russian Orthodox Church at the first meeting of the Mixed Orthodox-Roman-Catholic Commission on about. Patmos and Rhodes. August 14-22, 1980 - participant of the 32nd meeting of the Center. committee of the WCC in Geneva. August 22-25 - member of the delegation of representatives of the Churches in the USSR and the USA (Geneva). On November 25-27, 1980, as part of the delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church, he participated in the celebration of the 1300th anniversary of the founding of the Bulgarian state in Bulgaria. From November 30 to December 12 of the same year, he led a pilgrimage group of LDA representatives and students on a trip to the Holy Land. On December 23, 1980, he was appointed a member of the Commission for organizing the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Russia d 1988. From August 16 to 26, 1981, he was a participant in the 33rd meeting of the Central Committee of the All-Russian Central Committee in Dresden. From August 31 to September 6, 1981 together with the Patriarch Pimen visited Finland. October 30-November 3, 1981 at the University of British Columbia (Vancouver, Canada) he took part in the meetings of the Committee for the preparation of the VI Assembly of the WCC. November 5-7, 1981 participated in the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the founding of the National Council of Churches in the United States. November 23-27 in Amsterdam (Netherlands) from the Christians of the USSR was part of the hearing group on nuclear disarmament. January 3-16, 1982 in Lima (Peru) participated in the meeting of the Commission of the WCC "Faith and Church Order". In the same year (July 19-28) he took part in the 34th meeting of the Central Committee of the WCC in Geneva. From September 28 to October 4, 1982 he was in Finland, and from October 25 to November 1 - in Japan. From July 24 to August 10, 1983 - a participant in the VI Assembly of the WCC in Vancouver (Canada), at which he was elected to the new composition of the Central Committee of the WCC. On November 26-27 of the same year, as part of the delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church, he participated in the celebrations of the 30th anniversary of the Russian Orthodox Church in Sofia. From February 20 to 29, 1984, he took part in a meeting of the Executive Committee of the WCC in Geneva. From May 31 to June 7, from the Russian Orthodox Church, he participated in a meeting of the Mixed Theological Commission between the Roman Catholic Church and the Local Orthodox Churches, which took place on Fr. Crete. July 9-18, 1984 - participant in the meeting of the Central Committee of the WCC in Geneva. As part of the Soviet public delegation, he participated in an international conference of scientists and religious figures from November 19 to 23, 1974 in Italy. December 26, 1984 appointed Archbishop of Smolensk and Vyazemsky. The transfer to Smolensk was a demotion for Archbishop Kirill and testified to disgrace on the part of state supervisory authorities ( "... Various rumors circulate about the reasons why he fell out of favor. Some attribute this to his reformist activity in the sphere of worship: he not only practiced the use of the Russian language in worship, but also served vespers in the evening, and not in the morning, as this is still accepted in the Russian Orthodox Church. Another reason for the removal of Vladyka Kirill from the "northern capital" of Russia is his refusal to vote against the resolution of the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches, which condemned the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan. Meanwhile, he also did not vote "for", just "abstained", which, however, at that time was also almost a feat. - Natalia Babasyan. Star of Metropolitan Kirill // "Russian Journal", 04/01/1999). Kirill himself believes that he fell victim to the closed resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU on the fight against religiosity, adopted on the eve of the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Russia, for excessive activity as rector of the Theological Academy: during his rectorship, access to LDA and C was opened for graduates of secular universities , and in 1978, a regency department was created, to which women could also enter. From June 2 to June 9, 1985, as part of the delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church, he was at the VI All-Christian Peace Congress in Prague. On November 30, 1988, Archbishop Kirill was entrusted with the development of the Regulations on Theological Schools - a new type of Orthodox 2-year educational institutions that train clergy and are designed to facilitate the solution of the personnel problem. By the definition of the Holy Synod of April 10-11, 1989, the archbishop's title of Cyril was changed: instead of "Smolensky and Vyazemsky" - "Smolensky and Kaliningrad". On November 14, 1989 - Chairman of the Department for External Church Relations (DECR) and a permanent member of the Holy Synod. This appointment actually testified to the removal of "state disgrace" from him. On February 20, 1990, after the liquidation of foreign Exarchates, Archbishop Kirill was entrusted with the temporary administration of the parishes of the Korsun (until 1993) and The Hague-Netherlands (until 1991) dioceses. In 1990 he was a member of the Commission of the Holy Synod for the preparation of the Local Council. March 20, 1990 appointed chairman of the Commission of the Holy Synod for the revival of religious and moral education and charity. May 8, 1990 became a member of the Synodal Biblical Commission. July 16, 1990 appointed member of the Commission of the Holy Synod to promote efforts to overcome the consequences of the Chernobyl accident. On October 27, 1990, he was appointed chairman of the Synodal Commission for the preparation of amendments to the Charter on the management of the ROC. Since July 20, 1990 - Administrator of the Patriarchal Parishes in Finland. On February 25, 1991, he was elevated to the rank of metropolitan. In early 1993, with the sanction of Patriarch Alexy II, he joined the International Preparatory Committee for the Convocation of the World Russian Council in Moscow (initiated by Igor Kolchenko's World Russian Congress, Alexei Podberezkin's RAU corporation, Valery Ganichev's Roman-gazeta, as well as magazines "Our contemporary" and "Moscow"). Becoming one of the five co-chairs of the Preparatory Committee, he held May 26-28, 1993 in St. Danilov Monastery I World Russian Council. On February 26, 1994 - Member of the Synodal Theological Commission. In February 1995 he led the II World Russian Council. Shortly before this, President Yeltsin, during an informal conversation with Kirill, promised him to return to the Church the lands confiscated from her after the revolution, and then (under pressure Anatoly Chubais) took back the promise. At the Council, Cyril made a thinly veiled criticism of the authorities for immoral and anti-national policies. The establishment of the "World Russian Council" was declared as a "permanent supra-party forum" under the auspices of the Church, four co-chairs of the Council were elected (Metropolitan Kirill, I. Kolchenko, V. Ganichev, Natalia Narochnitskaya). Under the influence of radicals ( Mikhail Astafiev , Ksenia Myalo, N. Narochnitskaya, I. Kolchenko) The Council adopted a number of purely political, rather radical anti-Western declarations, the adoption of which the church hierarchs, headed by Cyril, did not prevent. In the interval between February and December 1995, Kirill moderated the opposition of the "non-party forum" he headed, and at the III World Russian Council in early December 1995 did not allow the adoption of any sharp political statements. The organization was renamed the World Russian People's Council, the head of which was unanimously elected Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy II, and one of his deputies - Metropolitan Kirill. Since August 2, 1995 - Member of the Council for Cooperation with Religious Associations under the President of the Russian Federation. In 1996 he was a member of the Joint Commission of the Patriarchates of Constantinople and Moscow on the "Estonian issue". From June 6, 1996 - Chairman of the working group of the Holy Synod to develop a draft concept, reflecting the general church view on issues of church-state relations and the problems of modern society as a whole. In 1996, he became a member of the Board of Directors of Peresvet Bank. In September 1996, the Moscow News newspaper (N34) published a report that the DECR, headed by Metropolitan Kirill, in 1994-96. organized in 1994-96 the importation of excisable goods (primarily cigarettes) bypassing customs duties, under the guise of humanitarian aid, in the amount of tens of millions of dollars and in the amount of tens of thousands of tons. The accusations were supported by other popular secular newspapers (in particular, Moskovsky Komsomolets, a journalist Sergey Bychkov). It is believed that the unspoken initiator of these accusations was the then managing director of the MP, Archbishop of Solnechnogorsk Sergiy (Fomin). To investigate these reports, an intra-church commission headed by the archbishop Sergius (Fomin). However, the position of Metropolitan Kirill, who denied the deliberate importation of cigarettes into the country and said that the church could not refuse the gift imposed on it, was supported by the 1997 Council of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church. Actively participated in the preparation of the law "On Freedom of Conscience and on Religious Associations", approved by President Yeltsin on September 26, 1997. In March 2001, he proposed to transfer part of the income tax of Russians to the budget of religious organizations, including the Russian Orthodox Church. In May 2001, a journalist from Moskovsky Komsomolets Sergey Bychkov published an article "The Metropolitan from the Snuffbox", in which he repeated the previous accusations against Metropolitan Kirill regarding the import of tobacco, and also for the first time publicly identified Kirill with the figure of the All-Russian Central Church "agent Mikhailov", mentioned in previously published materials of the commission of the Supreme Council ("the Yakunin-Ponomarev commission ") about the relations of the KGB and the Russian Orthodox Church in the Soviet era. On December 6, 2008, at an emergency meeting of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, in connection with the death of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Russia, Metropolitan Kirill was elected Locum Tenens of the Patriarchal Throne by secret ballot. A supporter of the active intervention of the Church in secular life and politics, including its influence on power from the position of "The Priesthood is higher than the Kingdom"

Since 1995, on Saturdays, he has been broadcasting The Word of the Shepherd on ORT.

Hobby - mountain skiing. Lives in the official residence of the DECR in Serebryany Bor (Moscow). In 2002, he bought a penthouse in the House on the Embankment overlooking the Cathedral of Christ the Savior (the apartment was registered to Vladimir Mikhailovich Gundyaev, "about what there is a corresponding entry in the cadastral register"(The New Times. No. 50 of December 15, 2008). appeared in the media "information about the Metropolitan's purchase of a villa in Switzerland."(ibid.).

In August 1993, he was awarded the international Lovi Peace Prize, awarded to him by the Loviisa Peace Forum Public Committee, headed by Mrs. Tellervo Koivisto, wife of the President of Finland (this prize is awarded every three years to a peacemaker who has made a particularly significant contribution).

Awarded with church orders of St. equal to ap. book. Vladimir II degree, st. Sergius of Radonezh I and II degree, St. blgv. book. Daniel of Moscow, 1st class, St. Innocent, Mr. Moscow and Kolomna, II degree, St. Alexis of Moscow II degree, orders of many Local Orthodox Churches; other church awards: commemorative panagia (1977), nominal panagia (1988). He has state awards: the Order of Friendship of Peoples (1988, on the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Russia), the Order of Friendship (1996), "For Merit to the Fatherland" III degree, medals "50 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945", "300 years of the Russian fleet”, “In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow”; awarded the public order of St. George I degree (1998, from the Russian Chamber of Personality). Sources:
The official biography of Cyril on the website of the Russian Orthodox Church "Patriarchia.ru"; database "Prosopograph - descriptor of persons" materials by N. Mitrokhin in the database "Labyrinth"

Sergey Bychkov:
In 1992, the Council of Bishops formed its own commission, headed by Bishop Alexander of Kostroma and Galich. While the priest Gleb Yakunin and Lev Ponomarev, then deputies of the Supreme Council, understood nicknames and tasks, Vladyka Gundyaev ( nickname - agent Mikhailov) showed remarkable ingenuity and began to buy archival documents. Having concentrated a powerful base of compromising evidence, including on the patriarch, for the past 10 years he has been deftly manipulating documents, shutting up overly zealous bishops. When the patriarch tries to reason with him, all of a sudden, some papers get into the media that stain the reputation of His Holiness. Unfortunately, the work of the deputy commission ended in nothing. And the synodal did not start work at all.
http://www.mk.ru/blogs/idmk/2001/05/25/mk-daily/34819/

Mention of "agent Mikhailov" in the materials of the Yakunin-Ponomarev commission:
1973
January
l. 32. Agents of the KGB organs "Magistr" and "Mikhailov". These agents had a beneficial effect on the work of the Council and presented materials of operational interest on the situation in the WCC and characterizing data on individual figures.
[...]
Deputy head of the 4th department of the 5th Directorate of the KGB under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Lieutenant Colonel Fitsev.
NB:
the same materials mention "Mikhailov" the Baptist:
Undercover names of agents from among the Baptist leadership: Mikhailov, Abramov, Fedorov, Nevsky, Caesarev. Mentions (although without a name) - according to Fr. Yakova Krotova- about Kirill Gundyaev in the memoirs of Fr. Augustina Nikitina: [Father Vitaly Borovoy about the denunciation of him in 1974]: "Ah, so this is an archpriest such and such, our secretary in Geneva made a fuss and denounced me! After all, he was in this conversation. And, as always, got it all mixed up(S. 170). [...]
“O. Vitaly recovered from the shocks, his health deteriorated noticeably. Nevertheless, he “sat out” in the DECR four chairmen and only under the fifth, in 1997, he became a freelance consultant of the DECR. [...] And the Geneva archpriest-secretary, who laid down the priest protopresbyter, still flickers through the "box" and teaches us pariotism from the screen.. They wrote about such people at the beginning of the 20th century?
Hush, hush, gentlemen!
Mr. Iskariotov,
Patriot of patriots
Heading over here!"
(S. 171-172).

Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia (worldly name - Vladimir Mikhailovich Gundyaev) headed the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) on February 1, 2009 after the death of his predecessor Alexy II.

Childhood and family

Vladimir Gundyaev was born in Leningrad on November 20, 1946 in a religious family, despite the anti-church sentiments that prevailed in those years.

His grandfather Vasily Stepanovich (born in 1879), a native of Lukoyanovsky district, was a machinist by education, he himself began to study theological literature. In 1922, he ended up in Solovki on the denunciation of the Renovationists (a religious movement that opposed the Orthodox Church after the revolution and for some time was supported by the Bolsheviks), of which he was an opponent. But even in the camp, Vasily did not renounce his faith, he held secret services, for which he once spent a month in a punishment cell. The Christian remained in exile until 1955.

The father of the future patriarch Mikhail Vasilyevich Gundyaev (born 1907) dreamed of becoming a clergyman from an early age. After leaving school, for some time he worked as an assistant in the Lukoyanov church, and in 1926 he moved to Leningrad, where he entered the Higher Theological Courses. He regularly attended all the lectures and wrote them down verbatim.

Two years later, the courses were closed, Mikhail went into the army. After serving, he entered a technical school, then an industrial university. Initially, he planned to go to study as a doctor, but because of a note about theological courses in his personal file, he was “turned up”. In 1934, he was arrested in the "Kirov case" for serving in the church and singing in the kliros - just a few days before the wedding. Mikhail was accused of an attempt on the life of Joseph Stalin.

His wife, Raisa Vladimirovna Kuchina (born 1909), taught German at the school. Also being a religious person, she sang with pleasure in the church choir, where she met her future husband.

Together with his wife, Mikhail spent three years in Kolyma, then returned to Leningrad, worked at a factory. In 1940, the first-born Nikolai was born. During the war years, Mikhail helped to strengthen the city during the siege, in 1943 he went to the front. After the victory, the family began to live in the city, recovering from the blockade, soon their second son Vladimir was born. At this time, the state began to establish a dialogue with the church, and therefore Gundyaev, at the risk of losing his high position in society, nevertheless asked for ordination. In 1947, Mikhail was elevated to the rank of deacon and appointed to the church of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God.

Two years later, relations between church and state, which had been warming, began to deteriorate again. For his service, Mikhail was fined an unimaginable fine at that time - 120 thousand rubles (for comparison, the Pobeda car, which cost about 15 thousand, even wealthy people saved up for years). Part of the money was collected from Leningrad parishes, but until the death of Mikhail, a large family (besides Nikolai and Vladimir, the spouses had a daughter, Elena, born in 1949) was constantly in debt and suffered a terrible need. Saved by grateful parishioners who helped out with food.

The formation of Vladimir's views was strongly influenced by his grandfather, who returned home in the mid-50s. He told his grandson that even during the most severe camp trials, which claimed the lives of most people, he never felt fear. “For me, it was a living experience and a living image of a man who knew what God's love was,” the patriarch later recalled.

Every school day was a test for Vladimir. An opponent of the communist regime, he did not become either a pioneer or a Komsomol member. When the director of the school urged Gundyaev to put on a pioneer tie, he replied: “Good. If you don't mind I'll wear a red tie to church. Because I will." Constant teachers' councils and scolding from the director did not prevent Vova from studying well. The soul of the future patriarch lay in physics and other exact disciplines.

Education

After graduating from the eight-year school, Vladimir did not continue his school education. He decided to lead an independent life, without burdening needy parents who still had his younger sister in their care. Having settled in the "evening", in 1962 Vladimir began working as a cartographer in the Leningrad complex geological expedition.

In 1965, Gundyaev entered the Leningrad Theological Seminary, in 1967 he continued his studies at the Theological Academy. According to information found in some sources, he went through the program in an accelerated mode at the request of Metropolitan Nikodim Rotov, whose cell-attendant (i.e. secretary) Vladimir became later, in 1970.

Religious activities

In April 1969, Vladimir Gundyaev was tonsured a monk and named Cyril, ordained a hierodeacon, followed by a hieromonk. A year later, he graduated from the academy with honors and a PhD in theology.

He combined his activities as secretary of Nikodim with teaching at his alma mater. In 1971, Kirill was elevated to the rank of archimandrite, in October of the same year he became rector of an Orthodox church in Geneva, Switzerland.

From that moment on, Cyril begins to move up the career ladder, so to speak. In 20 years he went from archimandrite to metropolitan; was chairman of the commission of the Holy Synod, which deals with the resolution of current issues of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Interview of the future patriarch (1989)

Social activity

In the 1990s, Patriarch Kirill became more and more involved in social activities. In 1994, the television program "The Word of the Shepherd" was released with his participation, which covered spiritual and educational issues in a language understandable to the common viewer.

"The Word of the Shepherd" with Metropolitan Kirill (1997)

At the same time, Kirill, being the chairman of the Foreign Relations Department of the ROC MP, organized work on the creation of the concept of the Russian Orthodox Church in the sphere of church-state relations. The result of his work was the Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church, adopted in 2000 at the Bishops' Council, a document setting out the official position of the Orthodox Church in interaction with the state.

Since 1995, the fruitful work of Patriarch Kirill begins together with the Government of the Russian Federation. He was repeatedly a member of various advisory bodies, took part in resolving issues related to the Chechen Republic during military campaigns; engaged in the organization of various cultural events: the celebration of the 2000th anniversary of Christianity, the holding of the year of the Russian Federation in a number of countries.

Patriarchate

Patriarch Alexy II died in 2008. Metropolitan Kirill was appointed to the post of Patriarchal Locum Tenens. In 2009, he was elected Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, gaining about 75% of the votes in the Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church.

Patriarch Kirill did a lot to unite the Russian Orthodox Church abroad. Regular visits to neighboring countries and meetings with religious figures and representatives of other faiths have significantly strengthened the position of the church, as well as expanded the boundaries of cooperation between states.

Despite his devotion to the cause, the Patriarch has repeatedly spoken out about radical groups, stating that such preachers should be feared. According to him, more and more often false teachers appear among the people, who plunge people into confusion, because a powerful tool for the destruction of the church is hidden behind beautifully designed slogans.

Scandals

One of the first scandals that arose with the mention of the name of the then Metropolitan Kirill was the case of the use of tax incentives for the import of alcohol and tobacco products in the early 90s. The Novaya Gazeta newspaper published an article that spoke of the Metropolitan's personal interest in transactions for the import of excisable goods. However, the absolute majority of religious figures stated that this was nothing but a provocation; a planned campaign that aims to tarnish the name of an honest man.

Metropolitan Kirill was also accused of having links with the KGB. In 2003, President Vladimir Putin received a letter stating that Kirill was a KGB agent. The letter was written by a priest of the Moscow Helsinki Group, but his actions, regarded by society as a provocation, did not bring any results.

In 2010, a new scandal erupted around the name of the patriarch. Kirill's associate Lydia Leonova found a thick layer of dust in his apartment. The arriving commission ruled that the substance came from the apartment below - its owner, academician and clergyman of the UOC-MP Yuriy Shevchenko was doing repairs. The examination showed that the dust contained carcinogens. The damage caused to property amounted to more than 20 million rubles, which Lidia Leonova sued Shevchenko as a result.

Patriarch Kirill: "Do not strive to live better"

However, the press was interested not so much in the damage caused to the property of the patriarch, but in the status of Lydia Leonova, who apparently lived in the apartment of Vladimir Gundyaev. Later, on the air of Vladimir Solovyov’s radio program, the owner of the property explained that the apartment was donated to him by Yuri Luzhkov’s deputy by decree of Boris Yeltsin, while the patriarch himself “did not live in it for even a week,” but handed it over to his second cousin, Lydia Leonova, for use.

In 2012, a photo of the patriarch with an expensive Breguet watch on his wrist was posted on the Russian Orthodox Church website. Later, the clock disappeared from the photo, but remained reflected on the table. The press service of the Russian Orthodox Church called this incident "a ridiculous mistake of a photo editor." Soon the original version of the photo returned to the site - with a clock.

Personal life of Patriarch Kirill

When, after a scandal with property affected by dust, it turned out that in the ill-fated apartment of Patriarch Kirill on the street. Serafimovich was prescribed by a certain Lidia Mikhailovna Leonova, the press expectedly raised a fuss. From her biography, the journalists found out only that she was the daughter of the cook of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the CPSU.

Despite the fact that the patriarch personally called her his second cousin, in the press she was called “the cohabitant of Kirill Gundyaev,” and he himself was called “an exemplary family man,” and they even cited their joint photo in 1988 as an example. However, the statement about any love affair between them does not stand up to criticism, because Patriarch Kirill completely abandoned his personal life in the name of serving the Lord. Accordingly, he cannot have a wife (and even more so a cohabitant) and children.

Patriarch Kirill now

In February 2016, for the first time in history, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church met with the Pope. Patriarch Kirill and Pope Francis kissed each other, took pictures and, having escorted the journalists out of the conference hall, began a conversation that lasted more than two hours.

GUNDYAEV MIKHAIL VASILIEVICH

Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE".

Mikhail Vasilyevich Gundyaev (1907 - 1974), archpriest.

Born on January 18, 1907 in the city of Lukoyanov, Nizhny Novgorod province, in the family of a railway engineer Vasily Gundyaev, who later became a priest.

From an early age he dreamed of becoming a priest. Therefore, after graduating from high school, he remained in the city of Lukoyanov to undergo obedience with the local archpastor, Bishop Sergius of Lukoyanov. The young man served as a subdeacon and secretary under the bishop.

In 1926 he entered the Higher Theological Courses in Leningrad, where he studied until 1928, listening to lectures by famous professors and studying diligently under their guidance. He amassed an excellent handwritten library of lecture notes from these eminent scholars. However, much later, these notes played a very unexpected and sad role in the fate of the young theologian, becoming material evidence during the investigation of the case of Mikhail Gundyaev, who was accused, among other things, of intending to make an attempt on the life of Comrade Stalin.

While still a student at the Higher Theological Courses, he simultaneously sang in the choir of the metochion of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra in Leningrad and actively participated in parish life, served as a psalmist in a rural church in the village of Kamenka.

In August 1928, the Higher Theological Courses were closed, and Mikhail was drafted into the Red Army, where he served for two years.

Upon returning to Leningrad, he went to work, combining it with studies at the Mechanical College, which he successfully graduated in 1933. This technical school was the only educational institution in the city where it turned out to be possible to enter, having a record of studying at the Higher Theological Courses in a personal file. It was for this reason that Mikhail's documents were not accepted at the medical institute, which he initially chose, intending to study as a doctor.

After graduating from the Mechanical College, he entered the Leningrad Industrial Institute.

The year 1934 came, which in Soviet history was marked by the assassination of Kirov and the wide wave of arrests that followed this assassination attempt and began directly in Leningrad. Among many, the future priest Mikhail Gundyaev was also arrested. The main reason for the arrest was his active church work in the parish and singing in the kliros. These facts in and of themselves prompted the atheistic authorities to a harsh reaction, and when it came to a young man with a good secular education, they looked doubly suspicious.

During a search in his room, a collection of the mentioned lecture notes on theological disciplines was found, and the mere fact that the word “God” was written in them with a capital letter was quite enough to accuse the young man of political disloyalty and initiate an investigation. his "deeds". Finding these notes and skimming through them, the operative in charge of the search remarked with satisfaction: “We won’t look for anything else. What is written here is enough.”

The arrest took place a few days before the scheduled wedding of Mikhail Gundyaev. He met his future wife Raisa Vladimirovna Kuchina in the church of the Kiev metochion, where the girl, at that time a student at the Institute of Foreign Languages, also sang in the church choir. The young people fell in love and decided to get married, the wedding day was already appointed ...

During the investigation, Mikhail Gundyaev tried by all means to extract a confession that he was preparing an assassination attempt on Stalin. The investigator even threatened to shoot him without trial in case of refusal, but the arrested person firmly stood on the fact that under no circumstances would he take the blame for what he had never done. Once he asked the investigator, as it seemed to him, a completely rhetorical question: “How could a Leningrad student make an attempt on the leader, who not only lives in Moscow, but is also under vigilant guard?” The investigator perked up: “That's exactly what we are interested in. Therefore, right now, write sincerely how, while living in the city of Leningrad, you planned to commit a terrorist attack against Comrade Stalin in Moscow.

Being a gifted and energetic person, he organized a training center in places of detention, where he himself taught a number of technical disciplines. The camp authorities valued him so much that after his release and marriage he was even offered to continue the work he had begun already as a civilian. On reflection, Michael was going to do just that: to return to these parts with his young wife and live here for some more time in order to at least slightly improve his disastrous financial situation.

He was released on the eve of 1937. After the New Year holidays, Mikhail appeared at the camp administration to sign an agreement providing for his return to Kolyma. And here a miracle happened that saved the life of him and his future family. The woman who was sitting in the office of the Gulag "Dalstroy", after listening to him, behaved in a completely incomprehensible way. Her face became angry, and in a half-whisper she ordered the visitor to leave immediately and never come here again. Yesterday's convict left the office completely discouraged, and literally a week later, mass repressions swept throughout the Gulag. And if he had signed the contract, as he intended, he would certainly have gone to Magadan not as a civilian worker, but as a prisoner. Because it was at this time that the civilian employees of the Gulag were transferred to the category of prisoners, and mass executions were carried out among the prisoners.

In the pre-war years, he worked at Leningrad enterprises, having gone from a turner to a process engineer, designer and shop manager. The beginning of the war found him in the position of chief mechanic at a military plant in Leningrad. During the days of the blockade, he participated in the construction of defensive fortifications around the city. In 1943, he was drafted into the active army, in the ranks of which he was until the end of the Great Patriotic War. After demobilization, he continued to work in a civilian specialty. And in 1947 he submitted to Metropolitan Grigory of Leningrad and Novgorod, his former rector for the Higher Theological Courses, a petition for ordination.

This puzzled the Metropolitan, since the official position of Mikhail Vasilyevich was quite noticeable, and this step of his seemed very extraordinary. At that time, Bishop Gregory told the visitor: “If you really want to change your Leningrad apartment to live in the most remote parish of the Leningrad diocese, in the village of Petrova Gorka on the border with the Pskov region, then I will ordain you. But don't count on serving in the city of Leningrad. So go and consult with your wife.” At the family council, it was decided to go to a distant parish.

The deacon's consecration was performed on March 9, 1947, and the priest's consecration on March 16, 1947 in the Leningrad Cathedral of St. Nicholas of the Epiphany, where the future father Mikhail once married. But he was appointed not to a distant parish, but to the church in honor of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God on Vasilyevsky Island.

Beginning in 1949, propaganda-atheist articles began to appear regularly in the Soviet press, and there was a distinct chill in church-state relations.

In Leningrad, they decided to fight religion and churchmen using the financial mechanisms available to the secular authorities. At the head of the financial department of the city executive committee (gorfo), which was also in charge of taxes and fees, was someone named Mantsvetov, who was the son of a priest. This official developed an ingenious system of taxation, which began to be applied to the ministers of the Church. Using information obtained from persons who, apparently, were specially introduced into the Leningrad parishes, the Gorfo imposed unbearable taxes on the clergy. However, these colossal charges could be written off and forgiven by the state in the event that the clergy left their church service and switched to any other work in the so-called national economy.

So a huge tax in the amount of 120 thousand rubles was assigned to Father Mikhail. This money is difficult to correlate with today's price order, but suffice it to say that a very good Pobeda car for those times, for the purchase of which even a wealthy citizen would need to save more than one year, cost 16 thousand rubles, that is, seven and a half times less . As a result, the court seized the salary of Mikhail's father, and then the furniture in the apartment where he lived with his family was described. However, this seemed insufficient to the authorities, and therefore, according to the court decision, the priest had to either pay the missing part of the draconian tax, or go to prison. The money required by the state had to be collected from churches in Leningrad, as well as (for the most part) among friends and acquaintances. Father Mikhail had a wide circle of acquaintances in various strata of the then Leningrad intelligentsia. Among these people were academicians and professors, at that time the people were quite wealthy. And thanks to the joint efforts of all the Orthodox who wished to help their brother in his hopeless situation, the required amount was collected and paid.

True, the consequence of this was that until the beginning of the 1970s, that is, almost until his death, Father Mikhail paid exorbitant debts. This left an imprint on the existence and prosperity of his family, which was forced to live very modestly, and sometimes even endure poverty.

The ministry of Father Mikhail Gundyaev was very successful, he preached a lot and well, a large flock gathered around him. Such popularity of Father Michael as a pastor and preacher evoked the approval of his diocesan authorities, but irritated the secular authorities.

In 1951, Priest Michael was transferred to the Transfiguration Cathedral, where, after a short time, he began to act as assistant rector for the liturgical part.

In 1957 he was elevated to the rank of archpriest.

In 1959 he was appointed assistant to the dean. And a year later, he was unexpectedly removed from the Transfiguration Cathedral, transferred to the Leningrad region as rector of the church in the name of the Holy Right-Believing Prince Alexander Nevsky in Krasnoye Selo. More than three thousand believers participated in seeing off their beloved shepherd. The city authorities were frightened and alarmed by such a show of popular recognition.

In the late 1950s, he entered the Leningrad Theological Seminary, from which he graduated in 1961.

In 1964 he entered the Leningrad Theological Academy. He successfully graduated from it in 1970, defending his dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Theology.

In 1970 he was appointed rector of the Seraphim Church in Leningrad.

In 1972 he became rector of St. Nicholas Church on Bolshaya Okhta.

In his official characteristics, stored in the diocesan archive, one can read:

"A convinced, disciplined and deeply respected pastor and person. He is distinguished by modesty of character. A wonderful and sympathetic companion. A good preacher. He performs divine services and rites earnestly and soulfully with excellent diction. Without fail he fulfills all the spiritual requests of believers outside the territory of the cathedral, without any selfish motives, proceeding solely for pastoral reasons. Currently studying at the correspondence department of the Theological Seminary ... "

Died October 13, 1974. During his lifetime, he was constantly surrounded by many people who loved and respected the pastor. They came to see him off on his last journey. He was buried at the Bolshe-Okhtensky cemetery, near the altar wall of the temple, where he rector before his death.

He was married to Raisa Vladimirovna Gundyaeva (nee Kuchina) (November 7, 1909 - November 2, 1984), a German teacher at school, in recent years a housewife, children: Nikolai (1940), archpriest, Vladimir (monastic Kirill) (1946 ), Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia, and Elena (1949), an Orthodox teacher.

Used materials

http://www.jmp.ru/jmp/08/05-08/06.htm

http://www.petergen.com/bovkalo/mar/rusg.html

http://pda.patriarchia.ru/data/663/171/1235/3C8P8914.JPG

It was located in the area of ​​​​the current Pulkovo Airport and has not survived to this day

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See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is GUNDYAEV MIKHAIL VASILIEVICH in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

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