In addition to the main disciplines, students can take additional ones that they choose on their own, and the results for which they will need for further admission. Social studies is one of those subjects.

In 2018, the social studies exam will not change structurally, the block with the test part will still be excluded.

The number of attempts to retake has been increased to 3. This option is suitable for those students who have not scored a passing number of points or are not satisfied with the exam results. Such a change is due to the fact that there is a need to create a more acceptable psychological atmosphere.

An important change in the project will be the fact that now schoolchildren will speak more on the exam, rather than write. A similar innovation will affect the humanities, in particular social science. Time to pass social studies test will be 235 minutes.

Very important changes await students in relation to violations during the passing of the exam. If the examiner finds things that are not allowed in the exam, then he gets the opportunity to retake only the next year.

As for violations on the part of teachers, a fine will be issued in the amount of from 20 to 40 thousand rubles.

In general, social science is a fairly popular subject among graduates, since it is it that is required in a number of prestigious universities.

The structure of the tasks of the USE 2019 in social science

Structure of the Unified State Examination in Social Studies 2019 will be represented by two types of thematic tasks. Types differ in complexity and type of answers. A general description of the task structure is given below:

1. The first category includes questions that require one-word answers.
2. The second includes questions that need to be answered in detail.
3. The last task is an essay on one of the proposed topics.

Essay in the Unified State Examination in Social Studies 2019

The most difficult task in the exam in social studies is considered an essay. For the correct completion of this task, the student can receive three to five points. The most important thing when performing this task is to correctly structure the content of the text, and also try to avoid common mistakes.

It is important when writing this task to reveal the meaning of the selected statement. If the meaning is not disclosed or is not disclosed correctly, then the answer is already evaluated in zero points.

It is very important to present correct arguments in support of your arguments. If the student confirmed his arguments with actual examples, then he will definitely get a good score for completing the task.

In order to cope with such a task, it is necessary to remember about essay plan:

1. Selected quotation is provided.
2. The problem voiced by the author is determined and its relevance is substantiated.
3. The meaning of the quote is revealed.
4. Voiced own point of view.
5. Arguments of a theoretical nature are given.
6. Theoretical arguments are confirmed by practical examples.
7. A conclusion is made.

If you strictly adhere to such a plan, then all the requirements for writing an essay will be met and the score for the essay will be high.

Categories of those who pass the exam in social studies

Some citizens cannot take the exam. This is stipulated by Rosobrnadzor. The following persons are eligible for testing:

1. Those who passed the exam in previous years, but did not receive the desired result.
2. Students who want to improve their performance.
3. Schoolchildren who did not pass the test or earned a negative assessment in a number of disciplines.

How to become a participant in the USE 2019?

To get to the exam, you need to make an application at the place of organization of the test. The application contains a list of disciplines for which the exam will be held. Such documents can be submitted to the school reception, to the municipal body of the education where the USE will be held, to the selection committees of universities.

The deadline for submitting an application for children who want to take the exam ahead of schedule is before February 1, and for those students who want to take the exam later - until December 1.

Early delivery of the exam in social studies in 2019

In social studies, it is necessary for those students who cannot pass the test in a timely manner. The reasons are different, ranging from conscription into the army, the Olympics and downloading the usual move.

In such a situation, the exam is passed ahead of schedule and the undoubted advantage is that the student will not miss the deadlines, will be able to pass the exam and then submit documents to the university. There are also disadvantages to the early exam. It is very difficult to prepare for the exam without interrupting your studies. Naturally, hasty preparation will not bring good results.

Additional information about the USE 2019

It is allowed to bring a gel or capillary black pen, passport to the exam in social studies. By order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, a list of subjects and benefits that are allowed to be used on the exam is indicated. In social science, it is not allowed to use reference literature, manuals, collections.

According to this order, cell phones, tablets, and other electronic computing devices cannot be brought to social studies. It is forbidden to use methodological and reference aids that are not allowed on the exam.

If a student brings something similar to the exam or performs actions that can be qualified as an attempt to cheat, then he will be removed from the exam and a note will be made on the exam answer sheet. A student will only be allowed to retake in a year.

The passing score in social studies in 2017 was 42 points There are no plans to change it in 2018. A scoring scale is used for scoring.

If the exam rules are violated by the organizers, for example, less time is given, then the examiner has the right to file an appeal. A complaint for this reason must be filed on the same day, after leaving the audience.

Also, such a right arises when the examiner does not agree with the total amount of points earned by him. In such cases, the appeal must be filed within two business days from the moment of acquaintance with the results of the exam. You can also challenge the results if there was a technical failure during the USE check.

In the event that there were no violations on the part of the applicant, the organizers give the student the opportunity to retake the exam. If there were such violations, then the student will be denied on the complaint.

After the results are calculated and verified, the graduate receives a certificate of the established form, which indicates the results in all subjects, with the exception of those for which a sufficient number of points was not scored.

This certificate is required when submitting documents to universities and is valid for 4 years.

How to prepare for the exam 2019 in social studies

For a good passing the exam, of course, you need to prepare. The specification of preparation may be different. You can take trial online tests in the subject. Also, it helps a lot in preparation. demo version of FIPI USE in social studies 2019. And someone will use ordinary textbooks.

Such benefits include the following:

If a student uses online tests to prepare for the exam in social studies, then he may well pass them using a computer and the Internet. The advantage of such preparation is that there is no need to attend any additional classes or lectures, just go to the official website and take the exam online. Such preparation also has disadvantages, the student will not know the theory, but only single answers, which is unlikely to allow him to write an essay.

You can also use services such as demo version of the Unified State Examination in Social Studies 2019. These are the materials of previous exams posted on the FIPI website.

A very good way to prepare is the use of demonstration materials. KIM codifier based on such materials, the same one was used that was used to compile the main tasks for the exam. The use of such materials will help students familiarize themselves with the procedure for passing the exam, the basic rules, and also form a list of topics that need additional training.

It is very important for both children and their parents to remember that there is no need to be afraid to take the exam. To avoid unnecessary psychological stress and trauma, the teenager himself needs to set goals correctly and follow a healthy diet and sleep, and parents should try to create that comfortable microclimate that is so necessary for a teenager in a stressful situation, which, in fact, is the exam.

Statistics of passing the exam in social studies for the past years

The proportion of participants who did not receive the minimum score in 2018 decreased by 3.8% compared to the previous year and amounted to 13.8%. The number of students who received the maximum score up to 142 people, in 2016 there were only 59 of them.

Exam Schedule

The early stage of passing the exam in social studies in 2019 is being specified.

The main stage of passing the exam in social studies in 2019 is being specified.

The educational portal "Study HERE" offers to pass trial tests of the Unified State Examination in social studies. After you pass the test, you will be shown the correct answers. These tests will help you prepare for the upcoming exam. With repeated training, you will have an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhow the exam in social studies is held. Of course, trial versions of the exam will not coincide with real tasks. But keep in mind, when you pass an on-line test on the "Study HERE" website, you are not limited in time, but in a real exam, the time frame is strictly regulated.

Training exams have a positive effect on academic performance

The collected statistics allow specialists to conclude that those students who constantly take training exams, including online tests, study better than their peers. This can be explained by the fact that schoolchildren recall the previously covered material while practicing at the trial USE. And the new knowledge is based on the old. Repetition of the past helps to better understand new topics. In addition, the student recognizes his weaknesses and repeats them to improve his result. Those who better prepare for the exam and pass the exam better will be able to get into a more prestigious university and receive a modern higher education at a high level.

Do online tests correspond to the real exam?

Online USE tests do not correspond to tasks on a real exam. But they have a common principle of constructing questions. Also, the child needs to get used to the test form of the exam. Online tests allow you to prepare for the most serious school test at home. Many children are very nervous before the exam. But those who trained at home are already ready for the exam, and they don’t worry so much. This allows them to concentrate their attention and strain their memory. Concentration allows you to avoid stupid mistakes that could take away precious points. For these reasons, teachers advise students to periodically check their readiness for the exam using various trial tests. After all, each ball can decide whether a graduate can enter a particular university. And studying at a good Moscow university is the key to a successful career. So it’s worth taking a responsible approach to the issue of preparation and devote some time to online USE tests that will help you prepare for the USE.

Social science holds the palm among the selective subjects for passing the exam. The popularity of this exam is explained quite simply: on the one hand, it is considered simple, and on the other hand, it is often required for admission to the humanities. Some students think that it is not necessary to prepare for social studies, since they will understand the correct answers to the test part based on logic, and write something in the essay. This mistake has already caught a lot of high school students.

This exam requires not only time and effort to memorize terminology, but also the ability to operate with it. In addition, the threshold for this exam exceeds the "minimum" that you need to score, for example, for or. To successfully pass social studies, you need to learn everything about the changes in KIMs that have already been published. Let's figure out what is included in the exam in this subject, and also find out what pitfalls high school students have to get around.

Demo version of the USE-2017

USE dates in social studies

Rosobrnadzor has allocated the following dates for the Unified State Exam in social studies:

• Early period. An early exam will be held on March 24, 2017, and April 5, 2017 is allocated as a reserve day (you need to write an application for early delivery before March 1);
• Main stage. The main examination is scheduled for June 9, 2017.
• Backup date. The reserve day for social studies is June 20, 2017 (in case of force majeure there is one more reserve day for all subjects - June 30, 2017).

Recall that only some categories of graduates can apply for early delivery of the exam:

• those who graduated from school before the 2016/2017 academic year;
• students who received secondary education before the 2016/2017 academic year with a certificate, not a certificate;
• students of evening schools;
• high school students falling under;
• eleventh-graders who will be absent on the day of the main test due to departure for sports competitions, olympiads, competitions and other events of the federal or international level, as well as those who will be forced to miss the main date due to treatment or prevention of diseases;
• graduates leaving the territory of Russia due to a change of residence or to study at a foreign university;
• students who graduated from high school outside of Russia.

Statistical data

The social studies exam in 2016 was chosen by 358.5 thousand schoolchildren (about 55% of all graduates). Despite the apparent simplicity of this examination, approximately 17.6% of 11th graders failed to score the minimum score last year. Unfortunately, this figure has increased significantly in recent years. For example, in 2011 the percentage of "losers" was only 3.9%, and in 2013 - 5.3%. Only 59 people were able to demonstrate the highest result, equal to one hundred points, last year.

Passing the exam in social studies

The time allotted by FIPI for the examination in social studies will be the same as last year - the student has the right to solve the ticket for 235 minutes. It is worth reminding once again that this examination does not involve the use of additional reference materials and computer technology.

Before the graduate enters the classroom and receives his ticket, he must get rid of all prohibited items (smartphone, audio, video, photographic equipment, tablet, smart watch and other small equipment, reference books or cheat sheets). Any of these subjects will be a reason for removal from the exam and giving an unsatisfactory grade.

Briefing on the conditions for passing the exam will be held before the exam

During the examination in social studies, schoolchildren are forbidden to change their place, get up from it without the permission of observers, go outside the classroom unaccompanied, turn to other students and talk to them. Do not worry that you will not be able to navigate or do something wrong. Before the start of testing, you will be told the rules of conduct, how and when you can see your results, how to fill out exam forms and correct mistakes.

Tickets for social studies review information relating to various aspects of the life of modern society. The examination is designed to test the knowledge of graduates in the basics of economics, law, understanding of sociology and political science, as well as philosophy and, in some aspects, even history. Specifically, the student will be required to demonstrate:

• understanding of the biosocial essence of man;
• knowledge of the main stages and factors that determine the socialization of the individual;
• the ability to determine the role and place of the individual in social relations;
• knowledge about the patterns and trends in the development of society, as well as the institutions that govern society;
• understanding of the need to manage public relations;
• knowledge of the norms and mechanisms of legal regulation of relations in society;
• the ability to search and analyze information characterizing various social objects;
• skills to apply the acquired social, economic and humanitarian knowledge in practice;
• the ability to formulate and argue their own point of view on the proposed problems.

The structure of the work is represented by 29 tasks, divided into two parts:

• the first part consists of 20 tasks involving a short answer in the form of one or more words. An answer consisting of sequentially written numbers is possible;
• the second part includes 9 tasks, to which a detailed answer should be given in the form of an explanation, description or statement of a reasoned opinion. This also includes such an important part as an essay.

This exam tests the knowledge of schoolchildren about the functioning of society

What will change in the USE 2017?

KIMS in social studies of the sample of 2017 do not imply any significant changes in the content, however, the structure of the ticket has been optimized. Specialists from FIPI pay attention to the following points in the block of tasks from the first part, which are aimed at testing knowledge from the "Law" section:

• the ticket is supplemented with task No. 17, which involves the choice of correct judgments, as a result of which the numbering has been changed. The test, previously numbered 17, became the 18th in a row;
• the task, which was the 19th in KIMs of previous years, was excluded from the examination ticket.

Grading system and passing score

For 8 years, the scores that a student receives for the Unified State Examination have not been converted into the usual five-point grading system, since the result of this test did not affect the scores of the final certificate. However, not so long ago there was news that in 2017 this will be revised - with the help of the Unified State Examination it will be possible to correct school grades. If we translate the received points into the usual grading system, then the distribution will become as follows:

• graduates who scored from 0 to 41 points demonstrated unsatisfactory knowledge, therefore these points are equated to the mark "2";
• students who scored from 42 to 54 points understand the structure of society at a satisfactory level, their score is “3”;
• high school students who received from 55 to 66 points are quite well oriented in social studies, so they get a mark of "4";
• graduates who scored 67 points or more in the exam know social science perfectly well and receive a well-deserved "5".

You can find out your scores for the exam by registering on the USE portal. For personal identification, you will need to enter passport data. The minimum passing score in the discipline "Social Studies" in 2017 will be 42. As practice shows, to obtain it, you need to successfully complete about 12 tasks, since almost all of them are estimated at more than 1 point. Recall that the maximum that can be scored for the exam is 100 points.

Get ready to write an essay - this is an important part of the exam in social studies!

How to write a good essay?

One of the most difficult tasks in social science is an essay that will require you to have serious theoretical skills and the ability to correctly formulate your thoughts. However, it is possible to overcome the difficulties with this task if you use the following recommendations:

• correctly distribute the time allotted for the exam: try to leave at least 65-70 minutes for the essay;
• do not try to write a complete answer on a draft form, because then you may not have enough time to rewrite everything. Limit yourself to abstracts and main thoughts that will help you structure this assignment;
• responsibly approach the choice of topic - read and consider all the options offered for choice in order to choose the one that you understand exactly and can fully argue;
• unequivocally determine to which branch of knowledge the topic that you will disclose belongs to. The Commission strongly dislikes vague and generalized formulations that go beyond disciplines;
• start the essay with general discussions about the problem and focus on its relevance;
• include at least brief information about the author whose statement you will need to analyze, describe several approaches to the formulated problem, select arguments of a theoretical and empirical nature;
• do not forget to make a capacious final conclusion.

In total, you can get 5 points for an essay, the first part of which is given for understanding the topic. This is an important point - if the expert considers that you have not been able to understand the topic, he simply will not check the work. The second part of the points is given for the knowledge of terms, the ability to apply them, and also for how correctly you can draw conclusions. The third component is points for the skills of argumentative reinforcement of one's position.

Preparation for the exam in social studies

When preparing for the exam, it is initially worth emphasizing the knowledge of terminology. However, it is not enough to memorize definitions from economics, philosophy, law, sociology or political science. The success of passing this exam for the most part depends on how correctly you can operate with concepts, whether you can attribute the task to a particular branch of science and analyze it using the methods that it operates with.

To pass the exam, be more attentive in the classroom and solve demo options

An important point is the choice of manuals, methodological literature and teaching materials. Unfortunately, preparing for the exam is a way to earn extra money by selling third-rate literature. Choose only textbooks approved by the Ministry of Education - for example, the developments of L.N. Bogolyubov and A.I. Kravchenko. Make sure that the selected literature has been published in recent years, as FIPI specialists rely only on modern publications.

Work through the demo version of the exam to understand the structure of the ticket and the requirements for solving it. The demo version of the exam in social studies can be downloaded on our website (see the beginning of the article). This version was developed by specialists from FIPI, so the tasks that it includes are similar to real tests. Look at what essay topics were included in tickets of past years, and write a training paper on each of them. This approach will help you develop the skill of structuring thoughts and presenting arguments.

Secondary general education

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Social science

USE in social studies: we analyze tasks with a teacher

My students, graduates of 2017, who successfully passed the Unified State Examination in social studies, claim that the recommendation to read the entire text of the work before starting the tasks gives a good effect when doing the work. When reading the work, emotional stress is removed, brain activity is directed to the analysis of materials, and the graduate is involved in productive cognitive activity, leading to high scores for doing the work.

As materials for work, we use the version of the Unified State Examination in Social Studies in 2017 (early period), published by FIPI in the spring of 2017.

Part 1

Task number 1

Write down the missing word in the table.

Factors of production and factor income

When performing task number 1, you need to carefully look at the name of the table. In our case, the table is called Factors of Production and Factor Income. One of the factors of production is indicated: entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial ability) and its factor income is indicated: profit. Knowledge of the main factors of production: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial abilities of information is inextricably linked with the knowledge of factor income as income that the owner receives from the use or application of factors of production. Labor - wages, land - rent, capital - interest, entrepreneurial ability, information - profit. The table shows factor income - rent, which means that in the first column we can safely enter such a factor of production as Earth. The correct answer is earth. When preparing, it is important for the student to know the full characteristics of all factors of production.

Task number 2

In the row below, find the concept that is generalizing for all the other concepts presented. write it down word (phrase).

State shape, form of government, unitary state, federation, republic.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 2, it is always necessary to clearly define the generic concept (in the question it sounds like a generalizing concept). In our version, the following are presented: the form of the state, as device the political organization of society (it is important to remember that this is also a certain set of characteristics by which we determine the way the organization and structure of the state); form of government, which is determined by the composition of the highest bodies of state power and the order of their formation, as well as by their interaction with the population of the state; a unitary state, which refers to one of the forms of state-territorial structure, like a federation; A republic is a form of government. For my students, I always strongly recommend that, in a draft, as soon as they begin to complete tasks related to the topic "Politics", draw a diagram:

This is important because a typical mistake that graduates make when conducting trial exams is related to mixing concepts. And when the scheme is in front of your eyes, it will be more difficult to make a mistake.

Accordingly, based on the scheme, it becomes clear that the generic (generalizing concept for everyone else here will be the form of the state, i.e. its versatile characteristics presented in the answer options. The remaining concepts reflect these or other elements. For example, the form of government is given as part of forms of the state and the republic, as one of the types of form of government.

Correct Answer: State.

Task number 3

Below is a list of features. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the elite culture.

1. the complexity of the forms used;
2. the desire of authors to embody their own ideas;
3. entertaining character;
4. strong commercial focus;
5. spiritual aristocracy;
6. requirement for special training to understand.

Find two characteristics that “drop out” of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

When performing task number 3, we pay attention to the concept in question. In this case, it is “elite culture” and we are asked about the characteristics of this concept. Elite culture is considered in the topic "The spiritual sphere of society." The generic concept is "Culture". In our case, the question is in the plane of varieties of culture (material, spiritual; folk, mass, elite). The task presents the features of an elite culture: the complexity of the forms used, the desire of the authors to embody their own ideas, spiritual aristocracy, the requirement for special training for understanding. Well, really, are we all ready for the perception of Schnittke's musical works, the analysis of Kafka's highly intellectual literary works? What can you say about Rodin's sculptures? It is clear that this culture is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared for the perception of complex works. Elite culture is not looking for commercial gain, it is important for authors to express themselves and search for new forms in art.

Two characteristics left out of our attention: entertainment and a pronounced commercial orientation are the most important characteristics of mass culture. Therefore, in this case, we will mark them as correct. Because in the task we are asked to remove unnecessary characteristics.

Task number 4

Choose the correct judgments about society and social institutions and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. Society is a constantly developing dynamic system.
2. Social progress is characterized by degradation, a return to obsolete structures and relationships.
3. In a broad sense, society is understood as a part of the world isolated from nature, but connected with it, including ways of interaction and forms of uniting people.
4. Social institutions perform the function of human socialization.
5. Society is a closed system that does not interact with the external environment.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 4, we must find judgments about society and public institutions. Here one cannot do without knowledge of the concepts: “society” in the broad and narrow senses; society as a system; "social institution", as a historically established stable form of organizing joint activities of people, and knowledge of the types of social institutions in the main areas of society.

The first judgment characterizes society as a dynamic developing system - this judgment is correct, since it is an axiom in the course of social science.

The second judgment is incorrect, since progress, which is one of the directions of social development, is characterized by the development of society from the lowest to the highest. And the judgment indicates: degradation, a return to obsolete structures and relationships, which are the qualitative characteristics of another direction of social development - regression.

The third judgment almost completely reproduces the concept of "society" in a broad sense, and therefore is true. It lacks "consisting of individuals with consciousness and will."

The fourth proposition is correct. In the course of socialization, a person learns the experience of previous generations. We know that social institutions set patterns of behavior for people. This is best confirmed by such a social institution as the family, which belongs to the social subsystem of society.

The fifth proposition is not correct. Society is a dynamic, open, self-developing system. It is practically impossible to apply the concepts of a “closed system” that does not interact with the external environment to society. No special evidence is needed here. It suffices to recall the concept of society in the broad sense of "a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it."

Thus, the following statements will be correct: 1, 3, 4.

Thematic planning in social studies

Task number 5

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types (forms) of activity: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Task number 5 refers to the topic "Activities". Types (forms of activity) are considered: game, teaching, work, communication. To complete this task, it is enough to know the characteristics of each type (form of activity). The imaginary setting is a characteristic of the game (A 4), focus on achieving a practically useful result - to work (a person creates certain objects that satisfy needs) (B 2). Focus on acquiring new knowledge and skills - to learning (IN 3). And none of the types (forms) of activity can do without communication. Therefore, the remaining two characteristics: the process of establishing and developing contacts between people and the focus on the exchange of information reflect the essence of communication. (G 1, D 1). Just remember that in the process of communication people exchange not only information, but also emotions, influencing each other.

With the seeming ease of tasks, it is important not to rush, to conduct an internal dialogue with yourself. Answer the question: why the chosen answer is correct, based on knowledge of concepts.

Task number 6

Students conducted a study of the motives of the educational activities of primary school students. Find in the list below the methods they used that correspond to the empirical level of scientific knowledge. write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. description of observed phenomena
2. promotion and substantiation of hypotheses
3. explanation of existing relationships
4. direct observation of individual facts and phenomena
5. fixing generalizations in the form of laws
6. obtaining quantitative data about the object under study

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 6, they ask about the empirical level of scientific knowledge and its methods. We immediately mentally turn to the generic concept - "science", recall the structure of scientific knowledge, which includes levels: empirical and theoretical, and spread the methods related to each level. Remember that empirical methods include: observation, description, measurement, classification, systematization, i.e. with their help, it is possible to identify specific properties of the objects under study, in contrast to the theoretical level, aimed at identifying general trends, laws, etc.

So we found the right answers: 1, 4, 6

Task number 7

Choose the correct judgments about economic systems and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. Private property is the basis of a command (planned) economy.
2. In a traditional economy, the main issues of the economy are decided by central government agencies.
3. The main subjects of market relations are economically independent participants in economic life.
4. The stimulus for the activity of enterprises in a market system is profit.
5. The characteristics of a market economy include free pricing.

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 7 aims us at the knowledge of the characteristics of economic systems as a way of organizing the economic life of society. Knowledge of the distinctive features of traditional, command (planned) or command-administrative, market and mixed economic systems is the basic knowledge of a graduate who wants to get a high score on the exam.

So let's try. Private property is a prerequisite for the existence of a market model of the economic system. We are told in the judgment that the command economy. This is not true, also because the command economy is dominated by state ownership, as well as the main issues of the economy are decided by the central authorities. So the second statement is also wrong. The third judgment is correct, since in a market economy each owner has the right to freely and independently dispose of his factors of production.

The fourth and fifth judgments are also correct, since in a market economy the freedom of economic activity of individual entities is aimed at making a profit in a competitive environment and market mechanisms determine the price.

Right answers: 3, 4, 5.

Task number 8

Establish a correspondence between examples and types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation (in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation): for each item given in the first column, select the appropriate item from the second column.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Task No. 8 is related to the financial literacy of the graduate, namely, knowledge of the types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The task defines the levels of taxes collected: federal, regional and local. When performing this task, it is important to clearly distinguish between types of taxes by levels:

Thus, in our task, we again apply the empirical ranking method: A 3, B 3, C 1, D 3, D 2.

Authors: Vorontsov A.V., Koroleva G.E., Naumov S.A. The textbook covers the most important topics of the social science course: economics, politics and law. In accordance with modern scientific ideas, the authors reveal the features of the market mechanism and the role of the state in the economy, the foundations of political science, the functioning of the state and the development of democracy, the principles of law, the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

Task number 9

Firm Y is a tailoring studio for wedding dresses. Find examples of firm Y's short run variable costs in the list below and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. interest expense on a previously taken loan
2. expenses for the purchase of fabrics, threads, accessories
3. cost of paying piecework wages to employees
4. studio space rent
5. payment for consumed electricity
6. insurance premiums

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 9 requires knowledge of the topic "Firm" and its key concepts: revenue, costs and profits. The assignment should clearly state the company's variable costs in the short run, as opposed to fixed costs.

To complete the task without error, it is also necessary to remember that variable costs change when the volume of production changes.

A firm's credit history will always be a fixed cost, so the first option is not correct. But the acquisition of fabrics, threads, accessories refers to consumables, which means to variable costs, as well as payment of piecework wages to employees, in contrast to salaries, which are fixed costs of the company. Rent, insurance premiums are fixed costs of any company. And here is the payment consumed electricity (depending on the volume of work of the company) - will be a variable cost.

Right answers: 2, 3, 5 .

Social science. Grade 11. A basic level of. Textbook. Authors: Nikitin A.F., Gribanova G.I., Martyanov D.S. The textbook is included in the educational and methodological complex in social science for grade 11 (basic level). Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard of secondary (complete) general education, included in the Federal List. The textbook deals with the most important issues of economics and law. The methodological apparatus of the textbook includes the headings "Think, compare, draw conclusions", "Check our knowledge", "Research, design, discuss, argue".

The figure shows the change in the supply of chairs in the relevant market: the supply line S moved to a new position S 1 . (P- price; Q- amount.)

Which of the following factors can cause such a change? write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. an increase in the cost of upholstery materials for chairs
2. increase in the wages of workers in enterprises that produce chairs
3. reducing the cost of materials for the frame of chairs
4. reduction of taxes levied on furniture manufacturers
5. increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 10 requires a very careful reading of the question. It is necessary to understand what they are asking: about a change in the magnitude of demand or the magnitude of supply? In this case, the supply of chairs in the relevant market has changed. By observing the change in the supply curve, we can say that the supply has decreased. When completing the task, you need to remember that the change in supply is affected by the cost of production factors, technology, government tax policy, government support, price expectations, competition, etc.

Therefore, the first answer is that an increase in the cost of materials for upholstery of chairs will just help to reduce the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. An increase in the wages of workers increases the cost of such a factor of production as labor, but at the same time lowers the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. The third option should lead to an increase in supply, since a decrease in the cost of raw materials leads to an increase in the supply of goods on the market (in our case, a decrease in the cost of material for the frame). The answer is not correct. Tax cuts will also increase supply. The answer is not correct. But the increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers will increase variable costs and reduce supply. So, an increase in the cost of consumables, electricity tariffs, wages of workers will force the company to either reduce production volumes or increase the cost of goods, which will lead to a decrease in supply on the market.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 11

Choose the correct judgments about social stratification and social mobility and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. Horizontal mobility implies a transition to a social group located at a different level of the social hierarchy.
2. One of the criteria for differentiating social groups is income.
3. The personal qualities of a person act as a criterion for the social stratification of modern society.
4. Sociologists distinguish between individual and collective mobility.
5. One of the criteria for the social stratification of society is the volume of power.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task No. 11, we proceed from the knowledge of the concepts of "social stratification" and "social mobility", the criteria for social stratification, and the types of social mobility.

Horizontal mobility involves the transition from one social group to another, located on the same rung of the social ladder. Therefore, the first statement is not correct. Differentiation (separation) of social groups in society occurs according to many criteria, one of which is income. And also the amount of power, education, prestige of the profession. The second and fifth judgments are correct, unlike the third. The personal qualities of a person are not a criterion of social stratification. The fourth proposition is correct because sociologists do distinguish between individual and collective mobility. For example, under the influence of the events of the revolution of 1917, there was a shift in the position of social groups.

Right answers: 2, 4, 5.

In the course of sociological surveys of adult residents of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: “Which of the directions of the youth policy of the state do you consider the most important?”

The results of the surveys (in % of the number of respondents) are shown in the diagram.

Find in the list of conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram, and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. The share of those who note the importance of providing access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is smaller in country Z than in country Y.
2. Equal proportions of respondents in each country consider it necessary to carry out educational work.
3. In country Z, the opinion about the importance of providing access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is less popular than the opinion about the importance of educational work.
4. In country Y, equal proportions of respondents point out the creation of conditions for self-expression, self-realization of young people and educational work with them as the most important areas.
5. The share of those who consider the provision of social support as the most important is larger in country Z than in country Y.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 12, you need to carefully read the conditions of the sociological survey. In this case, the most important areas of the youth policy of the two countries were clarified. The chart shows the data for these countries. Before reading the presented judgments, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In each of the countries, the leading position was taken by the answer “provision of social support”. Further, in country Z, the position “carrying out educational work” was in second place, and the minimum position was occupied by the judgment “providing access to decision-making ...”. In country Y, equally minimal positions were occupied by the judgments “providing access to decision-making ...” and “creating conditions for self-expression”. After we have independently tried to analyze statistical materials, we try to analyze judgments.

The first judgment is correct, since the diagram data demonstrate this position. The second judgment is not correct, since there are more people in country Z who consider “carrying out educational work” important compared to country Y.

The third judgment is correct, and we saw this during our own analysis of the diagram.

The fourth judgment is also true, we also determined this during the analysis of the diagram and marked these positions as minimally the same.

The fifth judgment is not true, this is clearly seen in the diagram. The figures show the opposite result.

Right answers: 1, 3, 4.

Task number 13

Choose the correct judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. The environmental requirements established by the state form the basis of the country's environmental security.
2. The fundamental feature of a state of any type is the implementation of the principle of separation of powers in it.
3. The state has the monopoly right to legally apply coercion by forces of law enforcement and security agencies.
4. The external functions of the state include determining the general direction of the economic policy of the state in accordance with the achieved level of economic development.
5. The state creates a regulatory and organizational basis for the effective and high-quality activities of state bodies.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 13, it is important to remember the concept of "state", its main features, external and internal functions. The first judgment directs us to such a sign of the state as the exclusive right for lawmaking. Therefore, the judgment “environmental requirements established by the state ( lawmaking), form the basis of countries' environmental security" is correct. The second judgment is not true, because the principle of separation of powers is implemented in a democratic state, and, therefore, this feature is not fundamental for any type of state.

The third proposition “the state has the monopoly right to legally apply coercion by the forces of law and order and security” in fact, sends us to the most important feature of the state - the monopoly legal right to coercion. The fourth judgment is erroneous, since it reflects the most important internal function of the state "determining the general direction of the state's economic policy." The fifth judgment brought together two features of the state: law-making and a system of bodies and mechanisms for exercising public authority (we are talking about state authorities). We read: "The state creates normative and institutional framework for efficient and high-quality activities government agencies.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 14

Establish a correspondence between the issues and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation, to which these issues relate: for each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

For the correct fulfillment of task No. 14, it is necessary to know the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the functionality of all branches of power in the Russian Federation. To begin with, you need to carefully look at which subjects of state power of the Russian Federation are indicated in the assignment. In our case, they are not named directly, but the levels are indicated: only the federal center and jointly the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Knowledge of the principles of the federal structure of the Russian Federation will come to the rescue. Remember that in a federation the principle of the integrity of the state, the unity of state power, and the delimitation of powers are implemented, which is what we are asked about. Earlier, we saw the separation of powers when doing the task about taxes. You need to remember what is in the exclusive competence of the federal authorities: all issues of international relations, defense and security, judiciary, federal property, etc.

The first competence - issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources are jointly administered A 2. Those. it is a question on which the center and the subjects share responsibility in solving problems. So, it would be correct to attribute to the same position “implementation of measures to combat disasters” IN 2. Federal funds for regional development implement the fundamentals of federal policy and federal programs, therefore B 1. Positions D and E are within the exclusive competence of the federal authorities, therefore G 1, D 1.

Task number 15

In the democratic state Z, in the course of the reform of the electoral system of parliamentary elections, a transition was made from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one.

Which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Write down the relevant numbers.

1. free and voluntary participation of citizens in elections
2. granting the right to vote to citizens from the age of 18, regardless of nationality, gender, professional affiliation, level of education, income
3. secret ballot procedure
4. single-member district voting
5. dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by the party on the number of votes
6. the possibility of nominating independent non-partisan candidates

Answer: ___________________________.

Question number 15 is related to the electoral process. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the question they explain to us the reform, during which there was a transition from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one. The essence of the question is not so much about the types of electoral systems, their reform, but about elections as a whole(topic "Political participation"). We need to remember the basic principles of elections in a democratic state: direct participation of citizens, universal, equal, direct suffrage, secret ballot, voluntary participation.

Accordingly, the first proposition is correct. The second judgment relates us to the principle of equality in suffrage, therefore it is also true. The third judgment is correct, one of the principles is also presented - secret ballot.

The fourth judgment goes beyond the question: which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Voting in single-mandate districts sends us to the organization of the electoral process under the majoritarian system, as opposed to proportional, where the state acts as a single constituency. This means that this judgment reflects a change in the electoral process. The answer is not correct in our case. The dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by the party on the number of votes also applies to the proportional electoral system, which is not true for our question. The sixth option also reflects the majoritarian electoral model.

Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 .

Task number 16

Which of the following applies to the political rights (freedoms) of a citizen of the Russian Federation? write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. holding meetings and rallies
2. appeal to government agencies
3. payment of legally established taxes and fees
4. defense of the Fatherland
5. participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives

Answer: ___________________________.

Question number 16 again brings us back to the foundations of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation. Rights and freedoms of man and citizen. It is important to know four groups of rights and freedoms: personal (civil), political, socio-economic, cultural. Our task asks about political rights, which ensure the participation of citizens in the exercise of political power. Therefore, holding meetings and rallies is correct, appealing to state bodies is correct, participating in the management of state affairs through one's representatives is correct. Payment of taxes and fees, protection of the Fatherland are among the constitutional duties of a citizen, as well as compliance with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, concern for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, care for children and disabled parents.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 17

Select the correct judgments about family law in the Russian Federation and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. Family law regulates property and personal non-property relations between family members.
2. Marriage is suspended due to the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses as deceased.
3. Marriage is concluded in the civil registry offices (ZAGS).
4. The legal regime of property of the spouses is established only by the marriage contract.
5. Parents are required to provide maintenance for their minor children.

Answer: ___________________________.

Analyzing the materials of assignment No. 17, we single out the basic concepts and norms related to family law. The first judgment will be correct, as it refers us to Article 2 of the Family Code. The key institution of family law is a marriage concluded in the registry office (judgment 3), which gives rise to mutual rights and obligations of spouses. The second judgment confuses us a little, it is known that in connection with the death of one of the spouses, the second spouse needs to come to the registry office to get a certificate about his death, and as a consequence of this, termination of marriage. In our task, it is formulated: the marriage is suspended as a result of the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses as dead. The answer is not correct. The fourth and fifth options send us to the property rights and obligations of the spouses. The fifth option is correct, since the wording is at the junction of constitutional obligations and family law: parents are obliged to provide maintenance for their minor children. But the fourth option is erroneous because of its wording: the legal regime of property of the spouses is established only marriage contract. This is not true, because Not only marriage contract, but also the norms of family law, i.e. The legal regime of the property of the spouses is regulated by family law and established by the marriage contract.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 18

Establish a correspondence between examples and measures of legal liability in the Russian Federation: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Task number 18 is related to legal liability. When completing a task, it is important to remember the types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary. A reprimand is a disciplinary sanction - A 2. The warning refers to the type of administrative punishment - B 3. Dismissal on relevant grounds (for example, absenteeism, a single gross violation of labor duties, repeated failure by an employee to perform labor duties, etc.) - IN 2. Notice - disciplinary action G 2. Deprivation of liberty - criminal liability for committing a crime - D 1.

Task number 19

Joint Stock Company "Sweet Charm" produces confectionery. Find in the above list the features of the difference between a joint-stock company and other organizational and legal forms of enterprises. write down numbers under which they are listed.

• division of the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is issued by a security
• obligatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees
• duty of employees to observe labor discipline
• distribution of profit among employees in accordance with their labor participation
• bearing the risk of loss within the value of the securities owned by the participant
• payment of dividends to owners at the end of the year

Answer: ___________________________.

To complete task number 19, it is necessary to distinguish between the organizational and legal forms of enterprises. In our case, highlight the distinctive features of a joint-stock company. We recall that joint-stock companies, like limited liability companies, are business companies. These are commercial organizations, i.e. the purpose of their activities is to make a profit. The authorized capital is divided into a certain number of shares. Participants can be citizens, legal entities and public legal entities. Therefore, answer option 1 - "dividing the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is framed by a security" will be correct. It is known that the shareholders are not liable for the obligations of the JSC, but they bear the risk of losses on the activities of the company within the value of their shares. Therefore, option 5 - "carrying the risk of loss within the value of securities owned by the participant" (share - security) will be correct, as well as answer 6 - "payment of dividends to owners at the end of the year." 2 and 3 judgments - "mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees", "the duty of employees to observe labor discipline" refer to the general places of the Labor Law. But "the distribution of profits among employees in accordance with their labor participation" is a characteristic of such an organizational and legal form of an enterprise as a "production cooperative" (artel).

Right answers: 1, 5, 6 .

Task number 20

Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.

“A person who actively explores and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is _________ (A). This is a person with his socially formed and individually expressed qualities: _________ (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people _________ (C), cognizes and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process of _________ (D).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, a person's relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized by _________ (D) to develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all the influences of social life, to any experience. This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries _________ (E) for his choice.

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used one once.

Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

List of terms:

1. activity
2. intellectual
3. duty
4. everyday
5. responsibility
6. socialization
7. personality
8. pursuit
9. communication

The table below lists the letters that represent the missing words. Write in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.

When completing task number 20, I recommend that you first try to read the text and substitute the words yourself, in your opinion, suitable in meaning. Thus, a semantic understanding of the content of the text is achieved. And when you read it again, choose the words from the list. You will have a situation of success when your chosen words match those proposed from the list. So, we try to read, inserting words that are close in meaning, then choose from those available in the task.

“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is personality (A)(personality is a set of socially significant properties and qualities of a person. Where a person is formed - in society. What a person does - transforms the world and himself). This is a person with his socially formed and individually expressed qualities: intellectual (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. (in this case, socially significant qualities are listed). Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people, activities (B) cognizes and changes the world and himself (one of the definitions of activity is the conscious activity of a person, during which a person changes the world around him and changes himself; the process of human interaction with the outside world). The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process socialization (D).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, a person's relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized aspiration (D) develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all the influences of social life, to any experience (again explained through the process of socialization, which lasts throughout a person's life). This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries responsibility (E) for your choice (freedom and responsibility in human life).

Part 2

Read the text and do tasks 21-24.

In a broad sense, underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could receive by performing that work (and in that amount) which could be claimed...

Cyclical unemployment is associated with fluctuations in the demand for labor. A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs for a period until demand picks up again and business activity recovers. Seasonal unemployment occurs due to seasonal fluctuations in the demand for labor. It affects those employed in fishing, construction and agriculture. Those who change jobs, and those who are currently unemployed due to moving from one place to another, are called functional (frictional) unemployed. Functional (frictional) unemployment is considered an inevitable but still acceptable consequence of a healthy economy. It can be assumed that even with full employment, employees will move from place to place.

Structural unemployed people find it difficult to get a job due to insufficient or no longer sufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. Even during periods of high employment, the structural unemployed remain disproportionately unemployed.

Unemployment is not just a lack of work... While unemployment can be a creative, will-mobilizing challenge, most people who have gone through it say they have experienced despair, powerlessness, and confusion, especially if they have been out of work for more than a few weeks. For the majority of people, employment is the main, and often the only, means of providing material needs for food, clothing, and a roof over their heads. Studies show that those who do not like their work still prefer to keep it even when given the opportunity to live on other incomes. Although working conditions can cause adverse effects, being out of work leads to no less problems: increased stress, family conflicts, addiction to alcohol and drugs.

(K.H. Brier)

Starting to complete tasks on the text 21-24, you should initially read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work through the text with a pen for maximum assimilation of the content. I do not recommend that my students immediately read the question and randomly, with a cursory reading, look for answers. As a rule, this practice leads to erroneous answers and lower scores on the exam.

Task number 21

How does the text indicate the impact of the recession on cyclical unemployment? What sectors of the economy, according to the author, are affected by seasonal unemployment? (Indicate all industries mentioned in the text.) How does the author explain the inevitability of functional (frictional) unemployment?

Answer: “A downturn is a cyclical downturn in business that causes people to lose their jobs for a period until demand picks up again and business picks up.” Those. demand for labor fluctuates.

Task number 22

Task number 22 is also best done in parts.

Answer: “underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could receive by performing that work (and in that amount) for which I could apply…”

Suggest why some workers settle for part-time employment (make two suggestions). When completing this assignment, I recommend that students write down each assumption on a new line.

In our case, we can model the answer using text. We do not provide examples because it is not specified in the task.

Answer: employees agree to part-time employment, because it is important for a person to feel significant, necessary. Even part-time employment gives a person a sense of stability, relieves social tension, and makes it possible to participate in public life.

Workers agree to part-time employment, because in a crisis, even such work can be the only source of income for their families, protection from social upheavals, and allows them to save their lifestyle.

Task number 23

The author notes that "even during periods of high employment among the structural unemployed, disproportionately high unemployment persists." Using social science knowledge, explain the reason for this level of unemployment among these categories of citizens. Name any two measures to prevent discrimination of the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The author gives us the reasons for high unemployment among the structural unemployed: insufficiently high or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. But the task requires the use of social science knowledge. We recall that from the course of social science we know that structural unemployment is associated with the impossibility of finding employment for people of certain professions and the discrepancy between supply and demand in the labor market.

Answer: A high level of structural unemployment, even during periods of high employment in the country, is usually associated with changes in production technologies and scientific and technological progress. Those. people of certain professions are no longer in demand on the labor market (examples are not required in the assignment, only an explanation of the problem).

Name any two measures to prevent discrimination of the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this case, we are asked to refer to the norms of the Labor Law of the Russian Federation, since it regulates relations in the field of wage labor.

Answer: The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains prohibitions on discrimination:

1. citizens of the Russian Federation have equal opportunities for employees to advance at work, taking into account labor productivity, qualifications and length of service in their specialty, as well as for training and additional professional education;
2. restrictions on labor rights or gaining benefits based on gender, race, skin color, nationality, language, origin, property, family, social and official status, age, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership or non-membership of public associations are prohibited or any social groups, as well as from other circumstances not related to the business qualities of the employee.

As a guarantee of non-admission of discrimination, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the right of a person who considers himself discriminated in the sphere of labor to apply to the court for the restoration of violated rights, compensation for material damage and compensation for moral damage.

Task number 24

Why, according to the author, unemployment causes a state of despair, confusion of a person? Using social science knowledge and the facts of public life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested.

Using social science knowledge and the facts of public life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person manifests itself (in this case, we must give examples, because the question sounds “facts of public life”).

1. Unemployment provides an incentive for retraining if the profession is in little demand on the labor market. Break in employment for retraining and education. Citizen N, after being registered with the Employment Center, was sent for professional training as an electric and gas welder.
2. Unemployment provides an opportunity for organizing self-employment. For example, after being fired from his main job during the closure of an enterprise in Moscow, citizen N moved to the Moscow region, submitted documents to the Moscow City Employment Center, where he received advice on starting a farm, assistance in drawing up a business plan and one-time financial assistance.

Task number 25

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "art"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of art, and one sentence revealing the essence of the educational function of art.

Task number 25 can be successfully completed only if you know the basic concepts of the course. Art is a form of culture that reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images. The artistic image can be expressed in different types of art: music, painting, architecture, sculpture, literature. Works of art have a great influence on the formation of a person's personality.

Task number 26

Name and illustrate with examples any three main obligations of the employer, enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

In task No. 26, it is necessary to name and illustrate examples of any three main obligations of the employer, enshrined in the Labor Code:

1. Ensure safety and working conditions in accordance with labor protection standards. At enterprise N, in order to improve the working conditions of employees, training sessions were held on injury prevention,
2. Pay wages in full on time. For delaying the payment of wages, the management of enterprise Y was held liable in the form of forcing employees to pay interest in addition to their salaries.
3. Provide compulsory social insurance for employees. In the employment contract signed by citizen N with the company, a clause on compulsory social insurance of citizen N was included in the section of the employer's obligations.

Task number 27

A new political party has been registered in State Z. It has central governing bodies and regional branches. The party proclaims as its basic principles traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual. The political party during the elections won the required number of votes and received seats in parliament. Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation. Give the fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion. Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

• the party is registered;
• central governments and regional offices (sign, indicates a mass party);
• basic principles: traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual (a sign indicating ideological affiliation is conservative);
• entered the parliament after the elections (participates in power - a sign indicating the ruling party);

Now questions: Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation.

Answer: Conservative Party.

Give the fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion.

Answer: Because it upholds the principles of tradition and stability of development (traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual).

Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

Answer: In terms of ideological orientation, liberal and socialist parties can be distinguished. Signs of the liberal party: the inalienability of natural human rights, their priority over the interests of society and the state, political pluralism, free market economy.

Task number 28

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Types of families”. Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

To write a plan for any of the social science topics, it is necessary to clearly understand the structure of the study of the topic. In fact, this task tests students' understanding of the structure of the topic. Therefore, the writing of the plan also depends on the quality of mastering the material of the topic, understanding its structure. In this case, the topic of the plan is "Types of families."

1. The concept of the family as a small group based on marriage or consanguinity.
2. Family functions (in this version of the plan, you may not specify)
3. Types of families by the nature of the relationship between members:
1. Traditional (patriarchal family), its features:
   A) cohabitation of several generations;
   B) male dominance;
   C) economic dependence of family members on a man;
   D) rigid distribution of responsibilities
2. Partner (democratic) family:
   A) nuclearity;
   B) decision-making by all family members;
   C) the economic independence of women;
   D) fair distribution of household responsibilities
4. Types of families in relation to raising children:
1. authoritarian;
2. Democratic;
3. Liberal (permissive)
4. Current trends in family development

Task 29

Select one from the statements below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic touched upon).

When presenting your thoughts on the issue raised (marked topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge obtained during the study of the course of social science, corresponding concepts, as well as facts social life and own life experience.

(Give at least two examples from various sources as evidence.)

29.1. Philosophy. “The privilege of fish, rats and wolves is to live by the law of supply and demand; but justice is the law of the life of mankind.” (D. Ruskin)

29.2. Economy. "The types of business are different, but the business as a system remains the same regardless of its scale and structure, products, technologies and markets." (P. Drucker)

29.3. Sociology, social psychology. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

29.4. Political science. "The supreme power is worthy of honor only insofar as it is a means of ensuring human rights." (A. Custin)

29.5. Jurisprudence. “Protection of law is a duty to society. He who defends his right defends the right in general. (R. Iering)

Exercise 29. 3. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly represent the sphere of society to which the chosen topic belongs. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your “bag of knowledge”, understand which of the topics you have clearer theoretical ideas, for which of the topics you can give the best examples that reveal the content of the topic.

In this case, we have chosen a topic from the section sociology, social psychology. We understand that the problem of the modern school, the education system is immediately raised. The eternal question: the tasks of education are training and education, what is more important? The issue of socialization is also touched upon - “schools that educate the individual”. I note that we cannot go into the concept of the topic of the spiritual sphere of society here, because we are writing an essay from another section. So let's try to write.

What social order should the school fulfill - to give students only a high level of education? Or to fulfill an equally important mission - the education of the individual?

As is known from the course of social science, education is a way of becoming a person by obtaining knowledge, acquiring skills and abilities, developing creative abilities through a system of social institutions, the most important of which is the school.

When we talk about a school as an institution that provides education, we understand that we are talking about a social institution that has a number of elements: these are educational standards and programs, principles of functioning, including a network of educational institutions and governments.

To improve the quality of education, the state is taking a number of measures: lengthening the training period, increasing the requirements for the level of qualifications of teachers, using the variability of educational programs, building individual educational trajectories for students, equipping schools with modern equipment, and introducing new forms of final certification.

As a result, we see how high school graduates demonstrate high scores on the Unified State Examination, which make it possible to take state-funded places in the leading universities of the capital. According to the results of international research presented by the HSE, in which 49 countries took part, Russian primary school students occupy a leading position in the world in reading, mathematics and science. As well as 8th grade math. According to the researchers, this result was achieved due to the introduction of new educational standards, a system of unified state certification.

But is it enough only educational results for society and the individual? The author of the quote clearly points out to us the most important component of the educational process: the upbringing of a person's personality.

Based on the functions of education: economic, social and cultural, it becomes clear that it is in the cultural function - the use of previously accumulated culture in order to educate a person, develop his creative abilities that this problem manifests itself.

In addition to lessons, grades, exams, there is also a school life rich in events: class hours, school festivals, trips, joint trips with classmates around Russia and to other countries.

In all this, the student learns to interact with other people, shows his abilities and talents. It is in this atmosphere that the social function of education is realized. Through the socialization of the individual, the assimilation of social norms, statuses and roles.

As an example, one can cite the favorite film from childhood, “The Eccentric of 5 B”, which vividly demonstrates how the school team, the class forms the personality of Bori. How does he learn responsibility when he is appointed counselor in grade 1.

Thus, V.V. Putin in his statement once again emphasized the importance of understanding by society and the school of the inseparability of the two most important processes associated with the socialization of the individual - education and upbringing.

The unified state exam is a mandatory test for obtaining general secondary education and continuing education in secondary and higher educational organizations. There are compulsory subjects and optional subjects. Among the second, social science has taken the lead for several years now. This year it will be written about 400 thousand schoolchildren.

The procedure for conducting, scoring and announcing the results of the exam are regulated in the Federal Law No. 273 "On Education in the Russian Federation".

We'll see when it's known USE results in social studies 2017 and what are the ways to find them.

When will the exam results be out?

USE Schedule in Social Studies 2017 determined the date of delivery of discipline on June 5, Monday. June 21 has been allocated as a reserve date, as well as July 1 - the day when you can turn in any item.

According to rules for conducting a single exam, the deadlines for checking completed tasks and announcing the results have a certain time frame:

• Forms of KIMs (control and measuring materials) are scanned at the exam venues and electronically sent to regional information processing centers. This stage takes up to 4 days;
• From regional centers, scans of works are transferred to the federal center, where they are re-processed. This is the longest period, which can last up to a week;
• Results issued at the federal level are transferred back to the regions (1 day);
• On the ground, state examination boards at meetings confirm the results of the federal audit (1 day);
• 1 day is also given for the publication of the results.

In total, it takes no more than 14 days to check the results of the exam. Considering that a holiday on June 12 falls within this period, the official day of publication of the results of the exam in social studies appointed to June, 22.

Note that June 22 is as late as possible announcement of results. Statistics show that, on average, the number of points scored becomes known 2-3 days ahead of schedule.

Where to find out the results of the exam in social studies

Publication of USE results takes place on a number of information portals:

• The official portal of the Unified State Exam www.ege.edu.ru;
• Sites of regional committees, departments of education.

In addition, you can find out the results of the passed exam at:

• Information stands in schools or other places where the exam is taken;
• Through hot telephone lines opened in a number of regions by education departments.

To check the result you need:

• Name of the examinee;
• Passport ID;
• Identification number issued to the participant of the exam.

Information is provided to persons who have taken the exam, as well as to their parents, free of charge.

Where can you see your work?

You can get acquainted with your work after passing the exam and publishing the results. All scanned works go to the personal account of the USE participant on the official website of the Unified State Exam. From the scans, you can understand how the work is evaluated, and what mistakes were made.

Often, published works and results raise questions and disagree with the final scores. In this case, it is necessary within 2 days after the announcement of the results of the exam file an appeal with the examining committee.

The commission will reconsider the work and issue a verdict:

• About the change in the assessment;
• Refusal to change it.

The Commission is also authorized to accept applications for violations during the exam. Such appeals are filed on the day of the examination. The reason may be:

• Violations of the rules of the event by the organizers;
• Failure to provide the agreed time of 4 hours (if this did not happen through the fault of the exam participant).

It is important for students to follow the order of the Unified Exam:

1. Come to the drop-off points in advance to fill out the documents;
2. Do not take prohibited items with you (mobile devices, books, cheat sheets);
3. Follow the rules of conduct during the exam, excluding the possibility of "writing off" or consulting with a friend.

The Unified State Exam is a serious state-level event, during which participants must strictly follow all the regulations.

The assessment of the Unified Exam is conducted in two point systems:

• primary;
• Test.

Initially submitted works are evaluated at primary scores. Further, on a special scale, which undergoes changes every year and depends on the general level of preparation of schoolchildren, primary scores transferred to test. It is the number of test scores that is the final result of the exam.

It is important to note that the results are published in primary scores!

In 2017, to pass social studies, you need to score minimum 19 primary or 42 test scores.

Early exam in social science

Annually in the spring, an early stage of passing the state exam is held. It involves schoolchildren who will not be able to take part in the main stage. Reasons accepted are:

• Treatment, rest in sanatoriums;
• Participation in olympiads, competitions.

Early exam in social science 2017 passed April 7 and on the spare day 12th of April. It was written by 17.5 thousand schoolchildren. The results were released on time, April 18.

Date of retaking the exam in social studies in 2017

Social science is an elective discipline in the USE system. According to the rules, its retake is possible only next year.

Choosing this subject as an examination, experts recommend soberly assessing your strengths and carefully preparing for delivery. About 20% of schoolchildren, having chosen social science as an additional subject, do not pass the exam.

Failure in an exam in this subject does not threaten the absence of a certificate, but is often required for admission to universities.