All organisms need water, life is impossible without it. But everything is good in moderation. When there is too much water, plants suffer from a lack of oxygen for breathing, because water has displaced it from the soil. Life in humid places is not "on the shoulder" for everyone, but there are plants that have adapted to such a life.
A swamp is a community of perennial plants that can grow in conditions of abundant moisture from running or stagnant waters. Swamp soil contains little oxygen, and often nutrients(mineral salts), which are necessary for plants.
Exists different types swamps. There are sphagnum bogs (they are also called peat bogs, high bogs). Among the plants, sphagnum moss prevails there - you will read about it in the book. Only here can you find the well-known cranberry and the amazing sundew plant. We will also talk about them later.
There are bogs dominated by sedges. Other herbs grow along with them. These swamps are called herbal (or low-lying) bogs. Swamps, where you can find not only perennial grasses and mosses, but also many trees and shrubs, are called forest swamps.
In the meadow, in the forest, along the banks of rivers and lakes, along the road, you often come across areas with a high water content in the soil. Plants adapted to life in waterlogged conditions also settle here.
The most famous of the marsh shrubs is cranberry... It grows both on ridges and in hollows, and in places forms a continuous cover. Everyone has seen cranberries, but some townspeople do not know how beautifully they bloom. Throughout the bog, common marsh cranberries grow, its berries differ in size and shape (both round and pear-shaped, and large, and smaller), and sometimes small-fruited cranberries are found on high hummocks. She has very small berries and smaller flowers. It has no economic value, but it is by her presence that one can judge that the "swamp is untouched" and should be protected.
There is also a shrub with berries - black crow
... It grows on ridges and swampy pine forests on the outskirts of the swamp massif. It is also called a waterberry - the berries are tasteless, but they quench thirst well. And the name "crow", of course, because the berries look like bird's eyes.
Two other amazing marsh shrubs - common and marsh myrtle, or Cassandra, do not possess delicious berries... Their flowers have a similar shape - they resemble a ball, and, probably, this shape is not accidental ... Podbelo is called podbelo for the leaves that are white from below, and the leaves of marsh myrtle resemble real myrtle growing much to the south. These plants are found only in swamps.
And here is a couple more shrubs - heather and wild rosemary
grow not only in swamps, but also in pine forests on sands and in swampy pine forests. Marsh wild rosemary smells remarkably strong and intoxicating. They say that if they breathe for a long time, it can get a headache, but like any medicine in small doses, it is of course useful and used in medicine. Heather is also used in medicine. Besides, he is a good honey plant. The heather flowers are pink and very decorative.
Swamp plants. Photo: Thomas Quine
In the treeless bogs of the taiga zone, plants from the family of sedges (downy-grass, cotton grass, reeds, orchard), sitnikovs (sheuchtseria, trierus), and cereals (reed, reed, molinia) dominate.
Water lily pure white large snow-white water lily flower. It grows in quiet river backwaters and deep hollows of aapa bogs. Flowers reach 12 cm in diameter, and rounded leaves - 30 cm. The pure white water lily is a living clock. In the evening at 6-7 o'clock its flowers close and submerge in the water, and in the morning, also at 6-7 o'clock, they appear above the water and open again. But if flowers did not appear in the morning, wait for rain. The rhizomes of water lilies contain up to 20% starch, they are readily eaten by muskrats, water rats and even pigs. The water lily is used in medicine. The alkaloid nymphein, extracted from the plant, is used in diseases Bladder and gastritis.
Common reed ... The ubiquitous reed is found from the forest-tundra to the tropics. It forms floodplains at river mouths, thickets in shallow lakes and on saline sea coasts, phytocenoses in open and forest lowland and transitional bogs. In the swamps in optimal conditions it reaches a height of 2m, and in the extreme - only 50-70cm. In fact, reeds love running water; therefore, it also settles in bogs where water moves along the surface or in the depths of a peat deposit. And the better the flow and the richer the food, the more green mass the reeds form annually. From 1 hectare of reed thickets, you can get from 8 to 60 centners of hay, and the richer it is in carotene (provitamin A), the earlier it is mowed. The water flowing through the reed beds is purified like a filter: the reed removes many harmful substances(sodium, sulfur), retains oil slick, clay, suspended matter. But the significance of the reed is not limited to this: the fate of many species of birds and animals living in its thickets is connected with it. For a long time, the leaves and stems of the reed have been used for weaving baskets, shields, mats. It is used for fuel, for covering roofs, for fences. Paper is made from cane: its yield from dry raw materials is up to 50%.
Sedge... The most common bog plants are sedges: about 40 species of them are found in peat bogs, along the banks of rivers and lakes, in swampy forests and meadows. The height of sedges is different: from 10 cm to 1 m, and the spikelets are either very small (about 0.5 cm) or large (up to 10 cm). Either one spikelet, or several of them, collected in a panicle, they are erect or drooping. Due to morphological diversity and biological plasticity, sedges occupy different habitats in bogs: from oligotrophic to eutrophic.
Sedges are also of practical importance. They are primarily used as hay. Mowed before flowering or heading, but not later, they contain twice as much digestible proteins. Some sedges are even higher in protein content than many cereals. Some sedges are well eaten in hay, others are used in the production of silage. Coarse sedges are good for coarse fiber and even paper.
Valerian officinalis ... Valerian becomes more and more rare in natural habitats. And yet it can still be found in low-lying bogs, in swampy meadows, on damp forest edges. Large pinkish-lilac fragrant inflorescences adorn this plant in summer. Her rhizome is 2-3 cm long and thick, biennial, with many cord-like roots, with a strong peculiar smell.
Yellow capsule ... This is the constant neighbor of the water lily. Their leaves are similar, but the flowers at the capsule are different: yellow, small.
Common hellebore
... It is an inhabitant of damp meadows, individual low-lying marshes and damp thickets of bushes. Popular names for hellebore are green anchar, spinning top.
The hellebore is very poisonous! Already 2g of fresh hellebore roots can kill a horse. Livestock usually does not touch the hellebore, but young animals still often die by eating it, and even their meat becomes poisonous. The hellebore is also dangerous in hay, since its poisons are not destroyed when dried. Hellebore poisons penetrate the bloodstream even through the skin. If its juice gets on the skin, then first there is a burning sensation, then cold and sensitivity is completely lost.
Milestone poisonous ... it perennial with a thick rhizome and large leaves, dissected into narrow lobes. It is found in low-lying bogs, swampy meadows, along the banks of rivers and lakes (the Latin name for the milestone Cicuta comes from the Greek word meaning "empty"). Especially poisonous is the rhizome of the milestone, pink from the inside, empty, divided by partitions. It tastes like a rutabaga or a radish, and it smells like a carrot. 100-200 g of raw rhizome already kills a cow, and 50-100 g kills a sheep. Often they poison children, attracted by the juicy and appetizing-looking rhizome, and pets. Poison affects and depress nervous system, reduces physical activity and blood pressure... You can avoid progressive poisoning by giving milk, eggs, anticonvulsants.
And yet the poisonous milestone also has a certain practical value. Its roots and rhizomes in folk medicine used externally in the treatment of rheumatism, gout, and some skin diseases. Milestone herb infusion is considered anticonvulsant and diaphoretic, expectorant and soothing. It is used to treat whooping cough, epilepsy, hysteria, stuttering, psychosis. Milestones are also used in gardening. The infusion of his herb - good remedy against leaf-eating caterpillars and sawfly larvae.
Marsh calla ... This plant forms dense thickets along the swampy banks of rivers and lakes; it is found in low-lying forest (spruce, black alder) and bog bogs. The plant is named after the calla white sheet covering the inflorescence.
Marsh marigold ... It often grows right in the shallow water of rivers and lakes. It is noted that during the flowering period the plant is poisonous, but very large doses are needed for poisoning. Livestock does not eat it, but people eat marigold buds, preparing them in a special way and using them instead of capers as a seasoning for meat dishes.
Common reed
The established opinion that almost nothing grows in the swamp has no real basis. In terms of the diversity of its plant species composition, the bog is in no way inferior to a forest or meadow, and in some places it surpasses it.
Most of the bog plants are hygrophilic (moisture-loving) plants.
Almost all of them are submerged in water, as a result of which they are deprived of stomata holding back water. Leaves of marsh plants retain oxygen, which is so rare in marsh water, better than others.
All marsh plants are classified into 5 groups:
- microphytes These are the plants that inhabit the bottom of the swamp.
Here, at a depth of about 6 meters, grows a large number of algae. Among them are blue-green, diatoms and filamentous green algae.
- macrophytes These are plants that inhabit the water column of the swamp (3-6 meters from the coast). Among them there are also flowering plants... Here you can find such green algae as hara and nitella, a lot of mosses, among which sphagnum (peat) ones predominate.
Among flowering plants are narrow-leaved pond and hornwort.
- swamp plants level 1 These are plants that inhabit the immediate water area of the swamp (1.5-3 meters from the coast).
They are the ones who make up the usual idea of the swamp. Among the growing specimens, there are many broad-leaved pondweed, white water lilies (water lilies), yellow egg capsules, floating pondweed, etc.
- level 11 swamp plants These are plants that inhabit the coastal area of the bog (less than 1.5 meters from the coast). Among them there are reeds, reeds, horsetails, many sedges, arrowhead, susak, hedgehog head, chastoha, sitnyag, buttercup, sheuchzeria, rhynchospore, marsh iris, etc.
- coastal marsh vegetation These are plants growing along the banks of the swamp.
Among them are the watch, saber, callier, many green mosses (drepanocladus, calliergon). Small trees often grow: alder, birch and willow; among the bushes - cranberries, cassandra, heather, cotton grass.
There are also very rare predatory plants - sundew and fatworm.
Marsh marigold
River gravilat
Cuckoo color
Calamus marsh
Caustic buttercup
Marsh calla
Marsh forget-me-not
Common loafers
All organisms need water, life is impossible without it.
But everything is good in moderation. When there is too much water, plants suffer from a lack of oxygen for breathing, because water has displaced it from the soil. Life in humid places is not "on the shoulder" for everyone, but there are plants that have adapted to such a life.
A swamp is a community of perennial plants that can grow in conditions of abundant moisture from running or stagnant waters. The bog soil contains little oxygen, and often the nutrients (mineral salts) that plants need.
There are different types of swamps.
There are sphagnum bogs (they are also called peat bogs, high bogs). Among the plants, sphagnum moss prevails there - you will read about it in the book. Only here can you find the well-known cranberries and amazing plant sundew. We will also talk about them later.
There are bogs dominated by sedges. Other herbs grow along with them.
These swamps are called herbal (or low-lying) bogs. Swamps, where you can find not only perennial grasses and mosses, but also many trees and shrubs, are called forest swamps.
In the meadow, in the forest, along the banks of rivers and lakes, along the road, you often come across areas with a high water content in the soil. Plants adapted to life in waterlogged conditions also settle here.
1. Underline with green pencil marsh producers, red - consumers, brown - destroyers.
Partridge, sandpiper, cranberry, wild rosemary, crane, microbes, frog, blueberry, sedge, elk, mosquito, cloudberry, sphagnum.
What did the artist confuse? Put the arrows correctly.
Swap pike and eagle, partridge and carp.
Guess and write down the name of the natural wealth of the swamps, from which jelly and jam are made.
4. Solve the crossword puzzle, and then you can read the name of the "profession" of organisms that have a hard time in the swamp.
1. Mosquito larvae living at the bottom of the lake. - Bloodworm
2. Loose bird with long legs. - Crane
The most important plant in swamps. - Sphagnum
4. A coastal plant that is often incorrectly referred to as reeds. - Rogoz
5. Fuel formed from dead plant residues. - Peat
6. Predatory lake fish. - Pike
7. Long-nosed wading bird. - Sandpiper
8. An insect that "feeds" on moose.
— Mosquito
Garbage man
Learning to understand the text
Read the text "How peat is formed" on page 52 of the textbook. Complete the tasks.
1. What is peat formed from? Choose the correct answer and mark it.
From the dead remains of sphagnum moss.
From the dead remains of bog animals.
Why does peat form in bogs? Pick only one answer and mark it.
Because there is no oxygen in the wet bog soil and destroyers cannot live.
3. Why are there so few destroyers in the swamp? Pick only one answer and mark it.
Sphagnum kills germs.
How do people use peat? Pick only one answer and mark it.
As fuel.
5. Write, from the dead remains of which living organisms peat is formed.
From the dead remains of marsh plants and animals.
Which sentence best helps you understand the main point of the text? Pick only one answer and mark it.
Therefore, the dead remains are not destroyed, but are gradually compacted and turned into peat.
On the peculiarities of peat formation.
8. If there was one more paragraph in the text, what would it be about?
About what kind of ecosystem was formed on the site of swamps.
Which heading more accurately reflects the content of the text? Pick only one answer and mark it.
Where does sphagnum live?
10. What did you find most interesting in this text? Why are you interested in this?
I wonder how people use sphagnum.
Swamp plants
All organisms need water, life is impossible without it. But everything is good in moderation. When there is too much water, plants suffer from a lack of oxygen for breathing, because water has displaced it from the soil. Life in humid places is not "on the shoulder" for everyone, but there are plants that have adapted to such a life.
A swamp is a community of perennial plants that can grow in conditions of abundant moisture from running or stagnant waters.
The bog soil contains little oxygen, and often the nutrients (mineral salts) that plants need.
There are different types of swamps. There are sphagnum bogs (they are also called peat bogs, high bogs). Among the plants, sphagnum moss prevails there - you will read about it in the book. Only here can you find the well-known cranberry and the amazing sundew plant.
We will also talk about them later.
There are bogs dominated by sedges. Other herbs grow along with them. These swamps are called herbal (or low-lying) bogs. Swamps, where you can find not only perennial grasses and mosses, but also many trees and shrubs, are called forest swamps.
In the meadow, in the forest, along the banks of rivers and lakes, along the road, you often come across areas with a high water content in the soil.
Plants adapted to life in waterlogged conditions also settle here.
The most famous of the marsh shrubs is cranberry... It grows both on ridges and in hollows, and in places forms a continuous cover. Everyone has seen cranberries, but some townspeople do not know how beautifully they bloom. Throughout the bog, common marsh cranberries grow, its berries differ in size and shape (both round and pear-shaped, and large, and smaller), and sometimes small-fruited cranberries are found on high hummocks.
She has very small berries and smaller flowers. It has no economic value, but it is by her presence that one can judge that the "swamp is untouched" and should be protected.
There is also a shrub with berries - black crow... It grows on ridges and swampy pine forests on the outskirts of the swamp massif. It is also called a waterberry - the berries are tasteless, but they quench thirst well. And the name "crow", of course, because the berries look like bird's eyes.
Two other amazing marsh shrubs, common and marsh myrtle, or Kassandra, do not have tasty berries. Their flowers have a similar shape - they resemble a ball, and, probably, this shape is not accidental ...
Podbelo is called podbelo for the leaves that are white below, and the leaves of the marsh myrtle resemble real myrtle growing much further south. These plants are found only in swamps.
And here is a couple more shrubs - heather and wild rosemary grow not only in swamps, but also in pine forests on sands and in swampy pine forests.
Marsh wild rosemary smells remarkably strong and intoxicating. They say that if they breathe for a long time, it can get a headache, but like any medicine in small doses, it is of course useful and used in medicine. Heather is also used in medicine. Besides, he is a good honey plant. The heather flowers are pink and very decorative.
Swamp plants.
In the treeless bogs of the taiga zone, plants from the family of sedges (downy-grass, cotton grass, reeds, orchard), sitnikovs (sheuchtseria, trierus), and cereals (reed, reed, molinia) dominate.
Water lily pure white large snow-white water lily flower. It grows in quiet river backwaters and deep hollows of aapa bogs. Flowers reach 12 cm in diameter, and rounded leaves - 30 cm. The pure white water lily is a living clock. In the evening at 6-7 o'clock its flowers close and submerge in the water, and in the morning, also at 6-7 o'clock, they appear above the water and open again.
But if flowers did not appear in the morning, wait for rain. The rhizomes of water lilies contain up to 20% starch, they are readily eaten by muskrats, water rats and even pigs. The water lily is used in medicine. The alkaloid nymphein, extracted from the plant, is used in diseases of the bladder and gastritis.
Common reed... The ubiquitous reed is found from the forest-tundra to the tropics. It forms floodplains at river mouths, thickets in shallow lakes and on saline sea coasts, phytocenoses in open and forest lowland and transitional bogs.
In swamps, under optimal conditions, it reaches a height of 2m, and in extreme conditions - only 50-70cm. In fact, reeds love running water; therefore, it also settles in bogs where water moves along the surface or in the depths of a peat deposit. And the better the flow and the richer the food, the more green mass the reeds form annually. From 1 hectare of reed beds, you can get from 8 to 60 centners of hay, and the richer it is in carotene (provitamin A), the earlier it is mowed.
The water flowing through the reed marshes is purified like a filter: the reed removes many harmful substances (sodium, sulfur) from the water, retains the oil film, clay, and suspensions. But the significance of the reed is not limited to this: the fate of many species of birds and animals living in its thickets is connected with it. For a long time, the leaves and stems of the reed have been used for weaving baskets, shields, mats.
It is used for fuel, for covering roofs, for fences. Paper is made from cane: its yield from dry raw materials is up to 50%.
Sedge... The most common bog plants are sedges: about 40 species of them are found in peat bogs, along the banks of rivers and lakes, in swampy forests and meadows. The height of sedges is different: from 10 cm to 1 m, and the spikelets are either very small (about 0.5 cm) or large (up to 10 cm).
Either one spikelet, or several of them, collected in a panicle, they are erect or drooping. Due to morphological diversity and biological plasticity, sedges occupy different habitats in bogs: from oligotrophic to eutrophic.
Sedges are also of practical importance. They are primarily used as hay. Mowed before flowering or heading, but not later, they contain twice as much digestible proteins. Some sedges are even higher in protein content than many cereals.
Some sedges are well eaten in hay, others are used in the production of silage. Coarse sedges are good for coarse fiber and even paper.
Valerian officinalis... Valerian becomes more and more rare in natural habitats. And yet it can still be found in low-lying bogs, in swampy meadows, on damp forest edges. Large pinkish-lilac fragrant inflorescences adorn this plant in summer.
Her rhizome is 2-3 cm long and thick, biennial, with many cord-like roots, with a strong peculiar smell.
Yellow capsule... This is the constant neighbor of the water lily. Their leaves are similar, but the flowers at the capsule are different: yellow, small.
Common hellebore... It is an inhabitant of damp meadows, individual low-lying marshes and damp thickets of bushes. Popular names for hellebore are green anchar, spinning top.
The hellebore is very poisonous!
Already 2g of fresh hellebore roots can kill a horse. Livestock usually does not touch the hellebore, but young animals still often die by eating it, and even their meat becomes poisonous. The hellebore is also dangerous in hay, since its poisons are not destroyed when dried. Hellebore poisons penetrate the bloodstream even through the skin. If its juice gets on the skin, then first there is a burning sensation, then cold and sensitivity is completely lost.
Milestone poisonous... It is a perennial plant with a thick rhizome and large leaves dissected into narrow lobes. It is found in low-lying bogs, swampy meadows, along the banks of rivers and lakes (the Latin name for the milestone Cicuta comes from the Greek word meaning "empty").
Especially poisonous is the rhizome of the milestone, pink from the inside, empty, divided by partitions. It tastes like a rutabaga or a radish, and it smells like a carrot. 100-200 g of raw rhizome already kills a cow, and 50-100 g kills a sheep. Often they poison children, attracted by the juicy and appetizing-looking rhizome, and pets. The poison affects and depresses the nervous system, lowers physical activity and blood pressure.
You can avoid progressive poisoning by giving milk, eggs, anticonvulsants.
And yet the poisonous milestone also has a certain practical value.
Its roots and rhizomes in folk medicine are used externally in the treatment of rheumatism, gout, and some skin diseases. Milestone herb infusion is considered anticonvulsant and diaphoretic, expectorant and soothing. It is used to treat whooping cough, epilepsy, hysteria, stuttering, psychosis.
Milestones are also used in gardening. Its herb infusion is a good remedy against leaf-eating caterpillars and sawfly larvae.
Marsh calla.
This plant forms dense thickets along the swampy banks of rivers and lakes; it is found in low-lying forest (spruce, black alder) and bog bogs.
The plant is named for the calla due to the white leaf covering the inflorescence.
Marsh marigold... It often grows right in the shallow water of rivers and lakes. It is noted that during the flowering period the plant is poisonous, but very large doses are needed for poisoning. Livestock does not eat it, but people eat marigold buds, preparing them in a special way and using them instead of capers as a seasoning for meat dishes.
A variety of grasses, shrubs, and berries also grow in the marsh area. This plant community is able to live in conditions of very intense soil moisture, or simply in flowing or stagnant waters. Swamp soil is poor in oxygen, there are very few nutrients, mineral salts necessary for the normal life of any plant.
Of course, all living organisms need water, because life is impossible without it. But when there is a lot of water, this is also bad. Not all living things can survive in such conditions, plants are no exception. However, some species of fauna are perfectly adapted to constant humidity.
For example, sphagnum moss grows in a swamp. This is wonderful medicinal plant possesses antimicrobial properties, has a soft, porous structure, resembling a sponge. During the war, doctors replaced the missing bandages and cotton wool with moss. With its help, wounds were disinfected, cleared of pus, which contributed to rapid healing. In addition to sphagnum, there are other very valuable medicinal bog plants. Let's talk in more detail about the most famous of them:
Bog healing plants
Common calamus
it medicinal plant can be found on the banks of reservoirs, on the outskirts of swamps. Calamus rhizomes have medicinal properties. Funds based on it are used in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, intestines (ulcer, gastritis). Calamus preparations are effective for flatulence, heartburn, as well as nausea and vomiting.
It is used to prepare drugs for the treatment of bronchitis, pleurisy, cholelithiasis, kidney stones, neuroses. It is used to improve the quality of vision and memory. A decoction of rhizomes is used externally in the form of baths, lotions, rinses with complex treatment scabies, diathesis, skin ulcers. Powder from the crushed root is sprinkled with old wounds.
Ledum
It is widely used in both traditional and folk medicine. WITH therapeutic purpose use young shoots that are harvested in August-September. Except for shoots, all aerial part shrub has a pronounced bactericidal action on the human body. Therefore, a decoction of wild rosemary has a detrimental effect on staphylococci, dysentery bacillus and many other pathogens.
It is used in the treatment of bronchitis (as an expectorant), respiratory diseases, whooping cough. Effective drugs based on it in the treatment of bronchial asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis.
Hemlock
The plant is included in the list of the most poisonous flora in Russia. All parts of the hemlock contain toxic alkaloids. For example, one of them, called konyin, is a powerful nerve poison. When dried, some of the poisons disappear, but all the same, the resulting raw materials require special treatment.
Despite all its danger, hemlock has remarkable medicinal properties... In small doses, it eliminates pains of various etiologies, suppresses the development of tumors. It is used as an anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, the plant is considered a strong immunostimulant. Therefore, drugs based on it are included in the complex therapy of oncological diseases.
Three-leaf watch (trifol)
A bitter infusion is prepared from the leaves of the watch, which is used to whet the appetite. The infusion enhances, activates the production of gastric juice, which improves digestion. It is used in the treatment of gastritis (low acidity), used to eliminate flatulence. Watch leaves are a well-known choleretic agent. The watch is included in the compositions of various choleretic, laxative, diuretic, and sedative preparations.
Marsh cinquefoil
Sabelnik is a very valuable medicinal plant growing in swamps. Its rhizomes contain a large amount of tannins. The plant also contains flavonoids, valuable essential oils. There are carotene, ascorbic acid, mineral salts, carbohydrates and many other biologically active substances. Medicines based on cinquefoil, they have anti-inflammatory, wound healing, diaphoretic effect.
With their help, diarrhea, stomach diseases, tuberculosis, rheumatism are treated. In steamed form, the herb is used externally in the treatment of mastitis and hemorrhoids.
Blueberry
This very useful berry can be found in the swamps. Blueberries contain organic acids that are very important for health, as well as vitamins, minerals, natural sugars and tannins. The berry is recommended to be consumed with radiation sickness. Blueberries, like honeysuckle, improve stomach function and stimulate digestion. Berries are included in the diet for gastric catarrh, enterocolitis, dysentery, as well as pyelitis and scurvy.
Also in wetlands grow at least healthy berries: cloudberries, blueberries, lingonberries, etc.
The medicinal bog plants we have listed today are just not most of a huge variety of their types. It is impossible to tell about all of them at once. Therefore, we will talk with you about other plants of the swamps next time.
Swamp plants are very diverse. We list some types of marsh plants:
Grows in peat bogs. Widely applied in Food Industry for sugaring, making candy filling, jam, marinade, fruit drink, extract, etc. The range of application of this marsh plant as a medicinal and prophylactic agent is unusually wide. Lingonberry in medicine is used as a disinfectant and diuretic, in the treatment of disorders of the urinary system, rheumatism, gout, pulmonary tuberculosis and gastric catarrh, for the prevention of anemia in pregnant women, with neuroses, with high blood pressure.
Cranberry(marsh plant)- grows on raised and transitional bogs. Cranberries are used for the preparation of fruit drinks, juices, kvass, extracts, jelly, are good sources vitamins. Leaves can be cooked herbal tea... Berries are used as an antiscorbutic agent for colds, rheumatism, sore throat, vitamin deficiencies, as well as in the food and alcoholic beverage industry.
Cloudberry (marsh plant)- grows in peat bogs. The berries are delicious, used in fresh, in the form of jam, juice, jam, jam, compote, etc. Cloudberries are used in dietary and health food, for the treatment of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, burns and skin diseases, with heavy metal poisoning, as an anti-febrile agent. Cloudberries have antimicrobial, diaphoretic, antispasmodic effects. The leaves have astringent, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and diuretic effects.
Sundew(marsh plant)- a carnivorous plant, due to the lack of minerals in the soil, it is engaged in passive catching of insects. Sundew grass, collected during the flowering period, was used for coughs, including whooping cough. Used in homeopathy.
Swamp cypress(marsh plant)- deciduous conifer tree distributed in North America and in the Danube Delta. Reaches 50 meters in height. The roots, expanding downward in the form of a cone, rise 1-2 meters above water or swampy soil. The wood is resistant to decay, it is used in construction, in the manufacture of furniture.
Sphagnum moss (marsh plant)- growing top, and dies off from below, forming peat. Sphagnum practically does not rot, since it contains carbolic acid, which is a powerful antiseptic. Good moisture retention. Possesses bactericidal properties, is used in medicine and veterinary medicine as a dressing. Due to its low thermal conductivity, it is used in construction as a heat-insulating material.
Ledum (marsh plant)- Together with tar essential oil rosemary can be used in leather processing, it can be used in soap making and perfumery, as well as in the textile industry as a fixative. The smell of fresh leaves and branches of wild rosemary scares off blood-sucking insects, protects fur and wool from moths.
Sedge (marsh plant)- genus perennial herbs, including up to 2000 species. Unpretentious plant, grows in all climatic zones Total the globe... In swamps, it is the main peat-forming agent. Used in landscape design, in pharmaceuticals.
Calamus (marsh plant)- grows in damp places or in shallow waters - along the banks of streams, rivers and lakes, on the outskirts of swamps. It is used in landscape design, in medicine. In the perfumery and food industry, calamus oil is used, as well as dried rhizomes of the plant.
Pemphigus (marsh plant)- water carnivorous plant, recognized as the fastest carnivorous plant in the world. The victim is pulled into the trap in less than a millisecond.
Swamp animals:
- European swamp turtle (Emys orbicularis).
- Various types of toads, frogs.
- Mosquitoes, ticks and other insects.
- Elks, raccoons, otters, minks, muskrats.
- Birds (cranes, partridges, herons, waders, lapwings, ducks, moors, etc.)
For more information on swamp animals, see the article "Swamp Inhabitants: Swamp Animals".
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This was the article " Swamp plants. Names and descriptions of marsh plants. "Read on:
Swamp plants are used for landscaping areas with high level moisture and acidity of the soil. They are usually applied in lowlands and along wetlands to form landscape design... See bog plants in the photo and read brief characteristics of each species in this overview. This will allow you to choose the right types for landscaping your area. The names and photos of marsh plants are given in alphabetical order for easy information retrieval.
The roots of these plants should be located near the shore, in the ground under water, most of the plant itself is above the surface of the water, in the air. These shallow water plants soften the boundary between water and shore, and their flowers and leaves adorn the pond and stream. There are many such plants, depending on the type, they are planted in water to a depth of 15-30 cm on a terrace in a pond or in shallow water. Their roots are located either in the basket or directly in the ground. Let's list some of them.
Calamus marsh (Acorus calamus) and his photo
Calamus marsh (Acorus calamus)- this frost-resistant herbaceous perennial looks like an iris, its height is up to 1 m, the leaves are xiphoid, pointed. An interesting variety "Variegata" with longitudinal creamy stripes on the leaves, it reaches a height of 60-80 cm and is quite frost-hardy in the Moscow region. Calamus grows well at a depth of 8-15 cm in the sun and in the shade, perfectly purifies water.
Look at the photo of calamus marsh and options for its use:
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Marsh calla (Calla palustris) and its photo
Marsh calla (Calla palustris)- This is a short perennial 15-20 cm high and interesting for its large white flowers with a yellow ear, appearing from mid-May to late June. By the end of summer, bright red fruits are formed. It is planted to a depth of 5-10 cm and improves water quality. If planted in a sunny place in calm water, its shiny heart-shaped leaves up to 20 cm wide will eventually completely cover the shore of the pond, the plant forms a dense carpet, grows quickly, but is easily controlled.
This effect is well demonstrated by the photos of the marsh calla, which can be viewed below:
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Mannik (Glyceria) and his photo
A variety of large manna, or water (G. maxima), "Variegata" with yellowish longitudinal stripes on the leaves reaches a height of 50-60 cm. It grows well in partial shade, quickly takes root, is characterized by aggressive growth. In waterlogged places and shallow water at a depth of 15 cm, it forms lush clumps, but also grows well in dry areas. If you have brought this plant somewhere in the garden, it will be difficult to destroy it completely. If a piece of root is simply thrown into a natural reservoir, a huge, beautiful, profusely blooming curtain grows. Plant in an artificial pond only in a container.
Look at examples of using the manna in the photo of the plots:
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In addition to limiting growth and retention within certain limits, variegated glyceria does not require maintenance. She is good for decoration coastal zone reservoir and swamp. Although glyceria is an aggressor, the aggressor is very decorative, do not drive it out of the garden, just think in advance how to tame it.
Iris marsh (Iris pseudacorus) and his photo
It is the most unpretentious of all irises, growing in humid places in our strip, with powerful belt-like vertical leaves up to 1.2 m tall and abundant flowering... Of particular note is the shape of the marsh iris with white flowers, as well as the variety with double flowers. An elegant variegated form of marsh iris "Variegata" with a height of only 60-70 cm, in spring the leaves of this variety are white-green, in summer they turn completely green. Feels great in the sun and shade. Planting depth in water 5-25cm.
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Marsh marigold (Сaltha palustris) and its photo
A perennial plant that forms loose bushes up to 40 cm tall, with leathery, shiny, rounded leaves. It blooms from the end of April for 20 days with golden yellow flowers up to 4.5 cm in diameter. Prefers highly humid places, can grow in dry places in the presence of abundant watering. planted to a depth of 5 cm.
The species is also attractive, but garden forms with white flowers and double yellow flowers are especially good.
This is one of the earliest flowering coastal plants, which is proved by the photos of the marsh marigold:
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Arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia) and his photo
It was named so for the arrow-shaped emergent leaves. It is planted at a depth of 8-12 cm. It blooms in June-August, on a triangular peduncle there are whorls with three flowers, each of which has three white petals with a raspberry speck and three sepals.
Famous variety "Flore Pleno" with double flowers, wintering without problems in the conditions of the Moscow region.
Photos of the common arrowhead amaze with the beauty of this plant:
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Umbelliferae (Butomus umbellatus) and his photo
This is one of the most attractive flowering aquatic plants... Long narrow leaves have a triangular cross-section. Peduncles without leaves 0.7-1.2 m high are crowned with an umbrella of 20-30 pink flowers up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Flowers bloom at the same time, each umbrella has buds, and just opened, and already wilted flowers. In the center of the flower are bright crimson pistils and stamens. Susak is very decorative during flowering, blooming in June - August.
They are planted to a depth of 8-10 cm, but the plant can also grow in swampy soil along the banks of the pond. The best place for planting - sunny, with nutritious soil. Once every two to three years, the plant is divided, otherwise the quality of flowering deteriorates.
A properly grown arrowhead ordinary in the photo allows you to appreciate the power of this plant:
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Common reed (Phragmites australis) and its photo
Perennial species up to 4 m high, with long and thick, creeping rhizomes and erect stems with numerous nodes, too large for garden pond... It forms thickets in damp places and along the shores of natural reservoirs. The leaves of the species plant are grayish-green, hard, elongated, wide. The inflorescence is a large panicle with many individual brown-violet or yellowish small spikelets. Blooms in July - August.
Effective variety "Variegatus" only 1.5 m high with bright leaves with yellow longitudinal stripes. It grows well in shallow water bodies and swampy soils, it also tolerates arid conditions, but grows much weaker. Prefers open sunny places... Aggressive, requires limiting the growing area, cannot be planted in reservoirs with a film coating, its rhizomes easily pierce the film. It can be submerged in water up to 50 cm, but thrives on the shore.
Various types of common reed in the photo demonstrate the possibilities of their application:
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Plantain ditto (Alisma plantago-aquatica) and its photo
An aquatic plant with ovoid leaves, in July - August blooms with pale pink flowers, collected in a large pyramidal panicle up to 70 cm high. damp places and on the banks of reservoirs at a depth of 5-15 cm. Looks better in reservoirs decorated in a natural style.