What are the interesting Kuril Islands and is it possible to organize a trip to yourself? Who now belongs to Curiles: the essence of the Russia-Japan conflict.

1. Who actually belongs to the Kuril Islands
2. Nature of the Kuril Islands
3. Journey to the Kuril Islands

Sakhalin Ridge Islands, bordering Japan, are considered the eastern miracle of nature. Of course, it is about the Kuril Islands, whose history is just as rich as nature. To begin with, it is worth saying that the struggle for 56 islands located between Kamchatka and Hokkaido began from the moment of opening.

Kuril Islands on the map of Russia

Kuril Islands - History Pages

So, at the end of the 16th day of the 17th century, when Russian navigators have delivered the unexplored lands on the map, which was inhabited, began the process of assigning non-hedied territories. At that time, the Kuril Islands inhabited the people called Ayanami. The Russian authorities tried to attract this people to their citizenship by any methods, not excluding power. As a result, Ayan, together with their lands, after all, moved to the side of the Russian Empire in exchange for cancellation of the filings.

The situation in the root did not suit the Japanese who had their views on these territories. Diplomatic methods to come to resolve conflict failed. Eventually, according to the document from 1855, the territory of the islands is considered unrequited. The situation gained clarity only after the end of the Second World War, when the surprising territory with a harsh climate was officially transmitted.

According to the new world order, the Kuril Islands switched to the ownership of the Soviet Union - the winning state. The Japanese who fought on the side of the Nazis, there was no chance.

Who actually belongs to the Kuril Islands?

Despite the results of the Second World War, which secured the right of ownership of the Kuril Islands at the world level for the USSR, Japan still claims to the territory. Until now, a peace treaty has not been signed between the two countries.

What is happening now - in 2018?

Changes the tactics, Japan is compromised and currently disputes the ownership of Russia only to part of the Kuril Islands. It is ITUURUP, Kunashir, Shikotan and a group of hubomai. At first glance, this is a small part of Kuril, because only 56 units in the archipelago! An embarrassment of one point: ITUURUP, Kunashir, Shikotan is the only Kuril Islands, where there is a permanent population (about 18 thousand people). They are closest to the Japanese "border".

The Japanese and world media, in turn, throw on firewood into the firebox of the conflict, mutating the theme and convincing ordinary citizens of Japan that the Kuril Islands are vital and unfairly captured. When, by whom, at what point is not important. The main thing is to create as many potential foci of conflict around one immense, but a bit of the unquest. Suddenly lucky, and somewhere "will burn"?

Representatives of the Russian Federation represented by the President and Foreign Ministry retain calm. But they do not get tired once again recall that we are talking about the territory of Russia, which belongs to it rightfully. Well, in the end, Germany is not making claims to Poland on Gdansk and France - on Alsace and Lorraine?

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Nature of the Kuril Islands

An insistence is not only the history of the development of the islands, but also their nature. In fact, each of the Kuril Islands is a volcano, and the good part of these volcanoes are currently operating. It is thanks to volcanic origin that the nature of the islands is so diverse, and the surrounding landscapes - a paradise for photographers and geologists.

On the Kuril Islands there are many geothermal sources that form whole hot water lakes, highly useful for micro and macroelements. A huge number of animals and birds live on the Kuril Islands, many of which are found only in these parts. The vegetation world is rich and presented for the most part endemics.

Journey to the Kuril Islands 2018

In its parameters, the territory of the Kuril Islands is suitable for traveling as it is impossible. And let the climate is harsh, almost no sunny days, high humidity and abundance of precipitation - weather disadvantages are covered with beauty and surprisingly clean air. So if you are bothering the weather on the Kuril Islands, then it can be survived.

By setting the goal to organize an independent holiday on the Kuril Islands in 2018 (at least virtually) we used to open Booking.com and discovered another, more global problem. Currently, there are no hotels in the Kuril Islands - tourism is not developed there.

Getting to the smoke - the task is also not a lung. The nearest airport for flights from Moscow is located in South Sakhalinsk. And then the desperate traveler is waiting for a sea trip to the Kuril Islands. But here she lies next of the test: the only shipping non-freezing straits is the Strait of Frieza and the Strait of Catherine.

But the more interesting will be reached and spend time on the Kuril Islands!

Flights to South Sakhalinsk from Moscow

Just in case you throw you a reference to the calendar of low prices for flights to Yuzhno Sakhalinsk. Suddenly you really have one day we will guess to the smoke? If we manage to do it before you, we will definitely tell!

* Prices are there and back

By visiting the Kuril Islands once, you for the rest of my life remember this beauty. After all, not in vain in countries such as Russia and Japan, there are mutual claims about the little, but such a fertile bar of sushi.

Climate of Kuril Islands

Within the framework of the area under consideration, a moderate marine climate prevails, which is rather a cool cool than warm. The main impact on climatic conditions is provided by baric systems, which are usually formed over the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, the Cold Curil Territory, as well as the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk. The southern part of the archipelago is covered by monsoon atmospheric streams, for example, asian winter anticyclone also dominates there.

Schikotan Island

It is worth noting that the weather in the Kuril Islands is changing enough. Landscapes of local landscaps are characterized by a smaller heat of security than the territories of the corresponding latitudes, but in the center of the mainland. The average minus temperature in winter is the same for each island included in the chain, and ranges from -5 to -7 degrees. In winter, prolonged heavy snowfalls often happen, thaw, elevated cloudy and blizzards. In summer, temperature indicators change within +10 to +16 degrees. The south is the island, the higher the air temperature will be.

The main factor affecting the summer temperature indicator is considered the nature of hydrological circulation inherent in coastal waters.

If we consider the components of the middle and northern group of the islands, it is worth noting that the coastal temperature of the coastal waters is not raised above five to six degrees, so the lowest summer indicator for the northern hemisphere is characterized for these territories. Throughout the year, the archipelago drops from 1000 to 1400 mm of precipitation, which are evenly distributed over the seasons. You can also talk about everywhere excessive moisture. In the south side of the chain in the summer, the humidity indicator exceeds the ninety percent, because of which the fogs are dense in their consistency. If you carefully consider the latitudes where the Kuril Islands on the map are located, it can be concluded that the area is particularly difficult. It is under regular exposure to cyclones, which are accompanied by excessive precipitation, and may also cause typhoons.

Symushir Island

The territories are inhabited unevenly. Yearly the population of the Kuril Islands lives on Shikotan, Kunashir, Paramushire and Itupe. There is no permanent population in other sections of the archipelago. In total, there are nineteen settlements, among which sixteen villages, an urban type village called South Kurilsk, as well as two major cities, including Kurilsk and North-Kurilsk. In 1989, the maximum value of the population was recorded, which was equated to 30,000 people.

The high population of the territories during the Soviet Union is due to the subsidies of those regions, as well as a large number of servicemen who were inhabited by the Islands of Simushir, Schisha, and so on.

By 2010, the figure declined significantly. Total territory took 18,700 people, of which approximately 6 100 live within the framework of the Kuril district, and 10,300 in the South Kuril district. The rest of people occupied local villages. The population has significantly decreased due to the remoteness of the archipelago, but the climate of the Kuril Islands has also played, which is far from every person.

Uninhabited Islands of Ushishira

How to get to Kuril

Get here the most convenient through the air. The local airport called "ITUURUP" is considered one of the most important aircraft objects erected in post-Soviet times from scratch. It is built and equipped with modern technological requirements, so he is assigned the status of an international aircraft. The first flight, which later became regular, was adopted on September 22, 2014. They became the aircraft of Aurora, which arrived from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. On board everything was fifty passengers. This event was negatively perceived by the Japanese authorities, which belong to this territory to their country. Therefore, disputes about who belong to the Kuril Islands continue to this day.

It is worth noting that the journey through the smoke needs to be planned in advance. The route drawing up must take into account that the entire archipelago includes fifty-six-six islands, among which ITUP and Kunashir uses the greatest popularity. You can tell them in two ways. It is most convenient to fly by plane, but tickets worth buying a few months before the outlined date, because there are enough flights. The second way is a journey on the ship from the port of Korsakov. The path takes from 18 to 24 hours, but you can purchase a ticket exclusively at Kursah or Sakhalin, that is, online for sale is not provided.

Vrup is a deserted island of volcanic origin

Despite all the difficulties, life on the Kuril Islands is developing and growing. The history of the territories began in 1643, when several sections of the archipelago were examined by Martin Fries and his team. The first information received by Russian scientists is dated 1697, when the campaign of V. Atlasov in Kamchatka took place. All subsequent expeditions under the leadership of I. Kozyrevsky, F. Luzhina, M. Shppberg and others were directed to the systematic development of the area. After it became clear who opened the Kuril Islands, you can familiarize yourself with several interesting facts associated with the archipelago:

1. To get to the chickens, the tourist will require a special permission, since the zone is border. This document is issued exclusively by the Border Office of the FSB Sakhalinsk. To do this, it will be necessary to come to the institution at 9:30 - 10:30 with your passport. Permission will be ready the next day. Therefore, the traveler will definitely stay in the city for one day, which should be considered by planning a trip.
2. Due to the unpredictable climate, visiting the island, you can get drunk here for a long time, because with bad weather, the airport of the Kuril Islands and their ports stop their work. Frequent noise becomes high cloudiness and nebula. At the same time, it is not at all about a couple of time delay of the flight. The traveler should always be ready to spend an extra week or two.


3. For guests, smoked all five hotels. The hotel called "Vostok" is designed for eleven rooms, "Iceberg" - three rooms, "flagship" - seven rooms, "ITUURUP" - 38 rooms, "Island" - eleven numbers. It is necessary to book places in advance.
4. Japanese lands are seen from the windows of local residents, however, the best review opens on Kunashir. To check this fact, the weather should be clear.
5. The Japanese past is closely connected with these territories. There were Japanese cemeteries, plants, the coast from the Pacific Ocean is densely eliminated by fragments of the Japanese porcelain, which existed before the war. Therefore, here you can often find archaeologists or collectors.
6. It is also worth understanding that the controversial Kuril Islands, first of all, is volcanoes. Their territories consist of 160 volcanoes, of which about forty remain in force.
7. Local flora and fauna amazes. A bamboo grows along the motorways here, a magnolia or a tree of mulberries can grow near the Christmas tree. Lands are rich in berry, blueberry, lingonberry, cloudberry, prince, Krasnik, Chinese lemongrass, blueberry, and so on here. Locals argue that the bear can be found here, especially close to the volcano of Taji Kunashir.
8. The practical every local resident has a car at its disposal, but there are no refills in any of the settlements. Fuel supplied inside special barrels from Vladivostok and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.


9. Due to the high seismicity of the region of its territory, they are built up mainly by two- and three-story buildings. Houses of five floors are already considered high spirits and highly rare.
10. While it will be decided, whose Kuril Islands, among Russians living here, will be 62 days a year. Residents of Southern Ridges can use a visa-free regime with Japan. This feature uses about 400 people per year.

The big Kuril arc is surrounded by underwater volcanoes, some of which can be felt regularly. Any eruption is caused by the resumption of seismic activity, which provokes "fruitry". Therefore, local lands are exposed to frequent tsunami. The strongest wave of tsunami tsunami about 30 meters in 1952 completely destroyed the city on the island of Paramushir called North-Kurilsk.

The last century also remembered by several natural catastrophes. Among them, the most famous was the Tsunami of 1952, which happened in Paramyshire, as well as the Shikotanian tsunami of 1994. Therefore, it is believed that such a beautiful nature of the Kuril Islands is also very dangerous for human life, but this does not prevent local cities to develop, and to grow the population.

Unresolved dispute of the Kuril Islands

The problem of the Kuril Islands was concluded in a unresolved controversial issue between the Japanese and Russian parties about who they belong. And it remains open since the time of the Second World War.

The Kuril Islands after the war began to belong to the USSR. But Japan considers the territories of southern smoked, and this is ITUURUP, Kunashir, Shikotan with a group of Habmioma Islands, its territory, without having a legal foundation. Russia does not recognize the fact of the dispute with the Japanese side about these territories, since their affiliation is legal.

The problem of the Kuril Islands is the main obstacle to the peaceful settlement of relations between Japan and Russia.

The essence of the dispute of Japan and Russia

The Japanese demand to return them the Kuril Islands. There, almost the entire population is convinced that these lands are angular Japanese. This dispute between the two states has long been long ago, exacerbated after the Second World War.
Russia is not inclined to give up to the Japanese leaders of the state. The peace agreement to this day is not signed, and it is due to four controversial South Kuril Islands. On the legality of the claims of Japan into the Kuril Islands in this video.

Values \u200b\u200bof southern smoking

Southern chickens have several values \u200b\u200bfor both countries:

1. Military. The southern chickens have military importance, thanks to the only way out in the Pacific Ocean for the Fleet of the country. And all because of the scarce of geographical formations. At the moment, the ships go into the ocean waters through the Sangar Strait, because through the strait of the lapere not pass due to icing. Therefore, submarines are located on Kamchatka - Avachinskaya bay. Military bases currently operating in Soviet times were plundered and left.
2. Economic. Economic importance - in the Sakhalin region a rather serious hydrocarbon potential. And the access to Russia of the entire territory is smoked, allows the use of water there at their discretion. Although its central part belongs to the Japanese side. In addition to water resources, there is such a rare metal as rhenium. His mining, the Russian Federation is in third place for mining minerals and sulfur. For the Japanese, this territory is important for fishing and agricultural needs. This catchy fish is used by the Japanese to grow rice - they simply pour it into the fields with rice for fertilizer.
3. Social. By and large, there is no special social interest for ordinary people on southern smoke. All because there are no modern megalopolises, people mainly work there and their life takes place in the cabins. The supply is delivered by air, and less often water due to constant storms. Therefore, the Kuril Islands are more a military-industrial facility than social.
4. Tourist. In this regard, it is better in the southern smokers. These places will be interested in many people who attract all the present, natural and extreme. It is unlikely that someone will remain indifferent at the sight of a thermal source driving out of the ground, or from lifting to the Calder of the Volcano, and crossing the fumarol field on foot. And about the look-up types and say nothing.

For this reason, the dispute on the belonging of the Kuril Islands does not move from the dead point.

Dispute about Kuril territory

Who owns these four island territories - Shikotan, ITUURUP, Kunashir and the Islands of Habmioma, the question is not from the lungs.

Information of written sources indicates the discoverers of Kuril - Dutch. The Russian first was settled by the territory of Tisima. Shikotan Island and the remaining three are marked for the first time by the Japanese. But after all, the discovery does not give the basis for the possession of this territory.

Schikotan Island

The edge of the world is the island of Shikotan because of the Cape Malokurilian village nearby. He is impressive with his 40-meter cliff into ocean waters. It is called this place the edge of the world due to the opening stunning view of the Pacific vastness.
Shikotan Island is translated as a big city. It stretches by 27 kilometers, in width, it has 13 km, which occupied area is 225 square meters. km. The highest point of the island is the Mountain of the same name, towering at 412 meters. Partially its territory belongs to the State Natural Reserve.

Shikotan Island has a very rugged coastline with multiple bays, capes and rocks.

Previously, they thought that the mountains on the island, these were no longer erupting volcanoes, which the Kuril Islands are replete. But they turned out to be rocks, displaced lithospheric slabs shifts.

A bit of history

Long before the Russians and the Japanese, the Kuril Islands inhabited Aina. The first information from Russians and the Japanese about Kurilah appeared only in the 17th century. The Russian expedition was directed in the 18th century, after which about 9,000 Ainov became citizens of Russia.

A treatise (1855) was signed between Russia and Japan, called Simodist, where the boundaries were established, allowing Japanese citizens to trade on 2/3 of this land. A draw of the territory remained Sakhalin. After 20 years, Russia began to hold this land unprisoned, then losing the south in the Russian-Japanese war. But during the WWI, the Soviet troops were still able to return to themselves the south of Sakhalin Earth and the Kuril Islands in general.
There was still a signing of a peace agreement between states who won the victory and Japan and it happened in San Francisco in 1951. And on him, Japan has absolutely no right to the Kuril Islands.

But then the Soviet side of the signing did not occur that many researchers were considered a mistake. But there were serious reasons for:

• In the document was not designated specifically, which was included in Kuriles. The Americans stated that they need to go to a special international court. Plus, a member of the Japanese state delegation announced that the southern controversial islands were not the territory of Kuril.
• The document also did not point exactly who will belong to Kuriles. That is, so the question at the same time remained controversial.

Between the USSR and the Japanese side in 1956, the declaration was signed by the platform before the main peace agreement. In it, the country of tips goes towards the Japanese and agrees to convey to them only two disputed Islands of Habomai and Shikotan. But with the condition - only after signing a peace agreement.

The declaration contains several subtleties:

• The word "convey" means that they belong to the USSR.
• This transmission will be actually made after the signature will be raised in the world contract.
• This applies only to the two islands smoked.

It was a positive shift between the Soviet Union and the Japanese side, but thereby caused the alarm from Americans. Thanks to Washington pressure, in the Japanese government, ministerial chairs have completely changed and new officials have become preparing for high positions began to prepare the Military Agreement of America and Japan, which began to act in 1960.

After that, from Japan, a call came to give no two offered to the USSR of the island, but four. America presses that all contracts between the country and Japan are not necessary, they allegedly declarative. And the existing and existing military agreement between the Japanese and Americans implies the placement on the Japanese territory of its troops. Accordingly, now they approached Russian territory even closer.

Based on all this, Russian diplomats stated that until all foreign troops were displayed from its territory, it is impossible to even talk about a peaceful agreement. But in any case, we are talking only about the two islands of the territory of Kuril.

As a result, the strengths of America are still located in Japan. The Japanese insist on the transfer of the 4th Kuril Islands, as written in the declaration.

The second half of the 80s of the 20th century is marked by the weakening of the Soviet Union and under these conditions the Japanese side raises this topic again. But the dispute about who will belong to the South Kuril Islands, and remained open countries. In the Tokyo Declaration of 1993, it was said that the Russian Federation is the successor of the Soviet Union, respectively, and previously signed papers should be recognized by both parties. It also indicated the direction to move towards the solution of the territorial affiliation of the controversial four islands of Kuril.

The coming 21st century, and specifically 2004, was marked by a raising this topic again at the meeting of President of the Russian Federation Putin with the Prime Minister of Japan. And again everything happened - the Russian side offers its conditions for signing the peace agreement, and Japanese officials insist that all four South Kuril Islands are submitted to their disposal.

2005 was marked by the readiness of the Russian president to finish the dispute, guided by the 1956 Agreement and transfer two island territories Japan, but the Japanese managers did not agree with this proposal.

In order to somehow reduce the tension between the two states, the Japanese side was invited to help in the development of nuclear energy, the development of infrastructure and tourism, still improving the environmental and situation, as well as safety. The Russian side adopted this proposal.

At the moment, there is no question for Russia - who own the Kuril Islands. Without any doubt, it is the territory of the Russian Federation, based on real facts - according to the results of the Second World War and the generally accepted UN Charter.

The Kuril Islands of Slavs are magnificent natural beauties and lakes. One of these is represented by reservoir in the mountains - autumn located on the island called Onekotan. Surprisingly lake in her view - attached, and the coastline is striking with cliffs of 700 meters high.

The island of Kunashir is famous for the boiling lake, with constantly raging, bubbling water. And the coast of gas and steam fountains with dissertation rush to the surface.

Curiles are considered to be a bird kingdom. In these places found a house of Cayra, stratching, swollen and gulls Maevki.

For romantics here is a truly paradise. Inaccessibility, desert, feature of the location and regularly spewing volcanoes even more strengthen the desire to get into the smokers.

Island territories have 150 volcanic mountains, of which 39 acts. Permanent eruption of volcanoes activate the appearance of thermal geysers that have improved effects.

People of science are considered a huge botanical garden, as representatives of the Japanese, Korean, Okhotsk, Kamchatka and Manchu Flora are neighboring here on one territory. Only in these places can be seen near the polar birch and centuries-old TIS, larch and wild grapes with a Christmas tree, cedar and velvet tree, woody liano with a lingonberry.

Within an hour you can enjoy the taiga species in the subtropics and see the moss tundra in the jungle. At the bottom a lot of vegetation, where many species of fish live, as well as mollusks and marine animals. In crystal clean coastal waters, sometime drunk vessels and military equipment of Japan are hidden.

Volcanoes are erupted on the smokers in different ways - and on the full program with a wild lever, breaks and whining smoke with ashes on the surface. And there are serene, they just pour the lava to the outside. New island territories and changing landscape are often formed right in front of the eyes and after earthquakes. Hot streams of lava form a large mountain, moving into a landing on the sea site in a few weeks.

Thanks to constant volcanic activities, there are a lot of hot springs on the islands with mineral water. Kunashir Island boasts even a boiling geyser. In large crevices formed from Raikok's frozen lava, there are pools in the form of a bath. The color of the sources of sources is transparent and in the composition of only sulfur, from which yellow grains are deposited in some places.

In conclusion, I would like to say - lovers of all the uncharted and extraordinary here there is something to see, and at the same time and enjoy the clean ecology and beautiful natural species of the Kuril Islands, the sea endless spaces and the underwater inexhaustible world. You can admire the beauties of the Kuril Islands in this video.

The World Politics Review newspaper believes that Putin's main mistake is now "dismissive attitude to Japan."
The bold initiative of Russia to settle the dispute over the Kuril Islands would give Japan big grounds for cooperation with Moscow. - today transmits IA REGNUM.
It is expressed by this "dismissive attitude" is clear what - give Japan Curiles. It would seem that the Americans and their European Sanitremes before smoked, which in another part of the world?
Everything is simple. Under the Japanese, the desire to turn the Okhotsk Sea from the inner Rosiysky in the sea, open to the "world community". With large for us the consequences of both military and economic nature.

Well, who was the first one who mastered these lands? Why is Japan consider these islands with their original territories?
To do this, let's look at the history of the development of the Kuril Ridge.

Initially, the islands were inhabited by Aina. In their language, "Kuru" meant "the person who came out of anywhere", from where and then their second name "Kuritsa", and then the name of the archipelago.

In Russia, the Kuril Islands are first mentioned in the reporting document N. I. Kolobova Tsar Alexei from 1646 years of the features of the wanders I. Yu. Moskvitin. Also, these chronicles and maps of medieval Netherlands, Scandinavia and Germany testify to the indigenous Russian villages. N. I. Kolobov told about the inhabiting islands of bearded Aina. Ains were gathering, fishing and hunting, lived in small settlements throughout the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin.
Based after the campaign of Dezhnev seeds in 1649, Anadyr city and Okhotsk became bases for the study of the Kuril Islands, Alaska and California.

The development of new lands by Russia was civilized and was not accompanied by extermination or displacement of the local population from the territory of their historic homeland, as it happened, for example, with the North American Indians. The arrival of the Russians led to the spread among the local population more effective means of hunting, metal products, and most importantly - contributed to the cessation of bloody inter-barded strings. Under the influence of Russian peoples, these began to join agriculture and move to a settled lifestyle. Trade was revived, Russian merchants flooded Siberia and the Far East by goods, the existence of which the local population did not even guess.

In 1654, the Yakut Cossack Deadhechin M. Stadukhin visited there. In the 60s, part of the northern Kuril was inflicted by the Russians on the card, and in 1700, Kuriles are applied to C.remizov card. In 1711, the Cossack Ataman D.Anziferov and Esaul I. Kozyrievsky visited Paramushir's Islands. The following year, Kozyrevsky visited the islands of ITUURUP and URUP and reported that the inhabitants of these islands live "self-help."

In 1721, those who graduated from the St. Petersburg Academy of Geodesy and Cartography I. Evreinov and F. Lyzhin in 1721, after which Peter I personally was awarded a report on this swimming and a map.

Russian seafarers Captain Shppberg and Lieutenant Walton In 1739, the first of the Europeans opened the path to the eastern shores of Japan, visited the Japanese Hondo Islands (Honosu) and Matsama (Hokkaido), described the Kuril Rud and caused all the Kuril Islands and the East Coast of Sakhalin on the map.
The expedition found that under the rule of "Japanese Khan" there is only one Hokkaido Island, the rest of the island is beyond. Since the 60s, interest in smokers increases noticeably, Russian commercial vessels stick to their shores, and soon the local population is Aina - on the Islands of Warp and ITUURUP, it was brought to Russian citizenship.
The merchant D.Shebalin of the Office of the Okhotsk port was Dan Agaz "To convert residents of the southern islands into the citizenship of Russia and start bargaining with them." Lowing the Ainov to Russian citizenship, the Russians founded on the islands of wintering, parking, taught the Ainov to use firearms, breed livestock and grow some vegetables.

Many of the Ainov accepted Orthodoxy and learned literacy.
Russian missionaries did everything to spread among the Kuril Ainov Orthodoxy, and taught them the Russian language. Honor of the first in this row of missionaries is the name of Ivan Petrovich Kozyrevsky (1686-1734), in the monasticism of Ignatia. A.S. Pushkin He wrote that "Kozyrevsky conquered two Kuril Islands in 1713 and brought the Wheel to the news about trade in this islands with merchants of the city of Matva. In the texts of the "Drawing of the Marine Islands" of Kozyrevsky, it was written: "In the first and other island, in the Kamchatka nose, with an unimprovant shown, smoked in that campaign and greetings, and other military orders, again in the yasual payment led." Back in 1732, the famous historian G.F.Miller in the academic calendar was noted: "Before this, there were no faith in the inhabitants. But in twenty years, in the command of his imperial majesty, the church and schools are built there, which we are given hope, and this sphere from time to time will be released from their delusion. " The monk Ignatiy Kozyrevsky in the south of the Kamchatka Peninsula on its own funds was laid down the church with the limit and the monastery, in which he himself was later. Kozyrevsky managed to pay in the faith of "local injecting people" - the ITRs of Kamchatka and Kuril Ainov.

Aina caught fish, beat the marine beast, baptized in the Orthodox churches of their children, worn Russian clothes, had Russian names, they spoke Russian and proudly called themselves Orthodox. In 1747, the "newest" smokers from the islands of Schoshu and Paramushir, which had more than two hundred people, through her Tien (Chief), the Storozhev appealed to the Orthodox mission in Kamchatka lasting to send a priest "to approve them in the new faith."

At the deprivation of Catherine II in 1779, all the defeats not established by decrees from St. Petersburg were canceled. Thus, the fact of opening and mastering the Russian Kuril Islands is indisputable.

Over time, the crafts on the smokes were depleted, becoming less and less profitable than the coast of America, and because by the end of the XVIII century, the interest of Russian merchants to the smokers weakened.In Japan, by the end of the same century, interest in smokers and Sakhalin is just awakening, because before that, the Kuriles were almost unknown by the Japanese. Hokkaido Island - according to the testimony of Japanese scientists themselves - was considered an ingenic territory and only a minor part of him was settled and mastered. In the late 70s, Russian merchants reached Hokkaido and tried to make trading with locals . Russia was interested in acquiring food in Japan for Russian fishing expeditions and settlements on Alaska and the Pacific Islands, but it was not possible to tie the trade, because I banned the law on Japan's isolation of 1639, which reads: "For the next time, the Sun illuminates the world, no one has the right to pester the shores of Japan, at least he was even a messenger, and this law can never be canceled by death under the fear of death".
And in 1788 Catherine II. Schist Strict Okatv Russian Industrialists on Kurils so that they "There were no islands, under the maintenance of other powers in the", and a year before that, the decree on the circuitry of the circulation of the world expedition was issued for an accurate description and applying to the map of the islands from Masha to Kamchatka blades to " all date formally to the ownership of the Russian state". It was prescribed not to allow foreign industrialists to" trade and fields in Russian owned places and with local residents to do peacefully". But the expedition did not take place due to the Russian-Turkish War started 1787-1791.

Taking advantage of the weakening of the Russian positions in the southern part of Kuril, the Japanese fish workers first appear in Kunashir in 1799, for the next year already on the ITUPE, where Russian crosses are destroyed and illegally put a post with a designation pointing to the affiliation of Japan islands. Japanese fishermen often began to arrive to the shores of southern Sakhalin, led fishery, hurt the Ainov, which was the cause of frequent skirmishes between them. In 1805, the Russian sailors from the Frigate "Juno" and the tender "Avos" were put on the shore of Aniva's bay, a post with the Russian flag was raised, and the Japanese parking on Itupe was ruined. The Russians were welcomed by Aina.
.. .

What are the interesting Kuril Islands and is it possible to organize a trip to yourself? Who now belongs to Curiles: the essence of the Russia-Japan conflict.

Sakhalin Ridge Islands, bordering Japan, are considered the eastern miracle of nature. Of course, it is about the Kuril Islands, whose history is just as rich as nature. To begin with, it is worth saying that the struggle for 56 islands located between Kamchatka and Hokkaido began from the moment of opening.

Kuril Islands on the map of Russia

Kuril Islands - History Pages

So, at the end of the 16th day of the 17th century, when Russian navigators have delivered the unexplored lands on the map, which was inhabited, began the process of assigning non-hedied territories. At that time, the Kuril Islands inhabited the people called Ayanami. The Russian authorities tried to attract this people to their citizenship by any methods, not excluding power. As a result, Ayan, together with their lands, after all, moved to the side of the Russian Empire in exchange for cancellation of the filings.

The situation in the root did not suit the Japanese who had their views on these territories. Diplomatic methods to come to resolve conflict failed. Eventually, according to the document from 1855, the territory of the islands is considered unrequited. The situation gained clarity only after the end of the Second World War, when the surprising territory with a harsh climate was officially transmitted.

According to the new world order, the Kuril Islands switched to the ownership of the Soviet Union - the winning state. The Japanese who fought on the side of the Nazis, there was no chance.

Who actually belongs to the Kuril Islands?

Despite the results of the Second World War, which secured the right of ownership of the Kuril Islands at the world level for the USSR, Japan still claims to the territory. Until now, a peace treaty has not been signed between the two countries.

What is happening at present - in 2019?

Changes the tactics, Japan is compromised and currently disputes the ownership of Russia only to part of the Kuril Islands. It is ITUURUP, Kunashir, Shikotan and a group of hubomai. At first glance, this is a small part of Kuril, because only 56 units in the archipelago! An embarrassment of one point: ITUURUP, Kunashir, Shikotan is the only Kuril Islands, where there is a permanent population (about 18 thousand people). They are closest to the Japanese "border".

The Japanese and world media, in turn, throw on firewood into the firebox of the conflict, mutating the theme and convincing ordinary citizens of Japan that the Kuril Islands are vital and unfairly captured. When, by whom, at what point is not important. The main thing is to create as many potential foci of conflict around one immense, but a bit of the unquest. Suddenly lucky, and somewhere "will burn"?

Representatives of the Russian Federation represented by the President and Foreign Ministry retain calm. But they do not get tired once again recall that we are talking about the territory of Russia, which belongs to it rightfully. Well, in the end, after all, it does not impose claims to Poland on Gdansk and - on Alsace and Lorraine 😉

Nature of the Kuril Islands

An insistence is not only the history of the development of the islands, but also their nature. In fact, each of the Kuril Islands is a volcano, and the good part of these volcanoes are currently operating. It is thanks to volcanic origin that the nature of the islands is so diverse, and the surrounding landscapes - a paradise for photographers and geologists.

Crimean volcanic eruption (Kurilsky O-VA, Russia)

Locals. Bears of the Kuril Islands.

On the Kuril Islands there are many geothermal sources that form whole hot water lakes, highly useful for micro and macroelements. A huge number of animals and birds live on the Kuril Islands, many of which are found only in these parts. The vegetation world is rich and presented for the most part endemics.

Journey to the Kuril Islands 2019

In its parameters, the territory of the Kuril Islands is suitable for traveling as it is impossible. And let the climate is harsh, almost no sunny days, high humidity and abundance of precipitation - weather disadvantages are covered with beauty and surprisingly clean air. So if you are bothering the weather on the Kuril Islands, then it can be survived.

which opens only
who truly interests it ...

Kurile Islands.

The archipelago of volcanic islands on the border of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk and the Pacific Ocean, between Hokkaido Island and the Kamchatka Peninsula (Sakhalin region). It consists of a large and small Kurilic Grocery, separated by Kuril Strait. Islands form a arc for. OK. 1175 km. General 15.6 thousand km?. The largest O-Va of the Big Curil Ridge: Paramushir, Onekotan, Simushir, Mr., ITUURUP, Kunashir. Small Kuril ridge consists of 6 o-GOBs and two groups of rocks; The biggest one. Shikotan.
Each island is a volcano or chain of volcanoes connected by foot or separated by small varies. The shores mostly breakdown, on the cesses of sandy, covered bakes little. The islands of the mountainous, with heights of 500-1000 m, the volcano Alaid (about. Atlasov on S. Ridge) rises to 2339 m. On OK OK. 160 volcanoes, including 40 acting, many thermal sources, there are strong earthquakes.

Monsonic climate. Cf. August 15 from 10 ° C on C. up to 17 ° C on Yu. February -7 ° C. The precipitation falls 600-1000 mm per year, the autumn parts of typhoon. Many lakes, including in crater and lagoon. On sowing The islands threatened alder and rowan, cedar stabinations and a barley, on O-Wah cf. Groups are rare-resistant forests from stone birch with a Kuril bamboo, south. O-Wah - Forests from the Kuril Larch, Bamboo, Oak, Clean.

Remarks on the Kuril Islands "V. M. Golovnna, 1811

In 1811, the outstanding Russian navigator Vasily Mikhailovich the head was entrusted to describe the Kuril and Shartar Islands and the Tatar Strait coast. In the course of the fulfillment of this task, he together with other navigators was captured to the Japanese, where he spent more than 2 years. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the first part of his notes "Comments on the Kuril Islands", which was drawn up on the basis of the study in the same 1811.

1. On the number and names of them

If all the islands located between Kamchatka and Japan, mean by the name of the Kuril Islands, then there will be 26 of them, namely:

1. Alaid.
2. Schuza
3. Paramushir

4. Shirinka
5. Makan-rook
6. ONEKOTN
7. Charimkathan *
8. Schnyashkol **
9. Ekarma
10. Chirincatan ***
11. Musir
12. Raikok
13. Matuy
14. Rassa
15. Middle Island
16. Eshisir
17. Keta
18. Simusir
19. Skippy
20. Yang-Tchirpoy
21. Makintor **** or Brotonova Island
22. Urup
23. ITUPU.
24. Chicotan
25. Kunashir
26. Matsmai

Here is the current account of the Kuril Islands. But the smokers themselves and the Russian visiting them numbers only 22 islands, which they call: the first, second, etc., and sometimes with their own names, koi ...
Schisha First Island
Paramushiruisoye
Willies Third
Makan Rush Fourth
Onekotan Fifth
Charimkathan Sixoy
Schnyashkol Seventh
Ekarma eighth
Chirincan ninth
Musir tenth
Raikok eleventh
Matu is twelve
Thirteenth raishes
Eshisir Fourteenth
Fifteen ketta
Sixteenth simusser
Tchyrp seventeenth
Mr. Eighteenth
ITUURUP NEINTEENT
Chicotan twentieth
Kunashir twenty first
Matsmai twenty second

The reason for this difference is among the islands is the following: Neither the smokers, nor Russians in the very edge of those inhabited, Alaid does not consider the Kuril Island, although he belongs to this ridge on all relationships. The islands of the Tchirpoy and Yang-Tchirpoy are separated by a very narrow strait and located near them to NW almost naked, the small island of Makintor, or Brotonov Island, they mean under the general name of the seventeenth island and, finally, the island of the middle, almost connected to the ushizir and underwater stones, they do not consider a special island. So, with the exception of this four islands, 22 islands remained somehow usually relies in the Kuril Ridge.
It is also known that in different descriptions and on different cards of the Kuril Islands, some of them are different: the misstantity of this occurred from error and ignorance. It will not be superfling here, under what names some of the Kuril Islands are known on the best foreign maps and in the description of Captain Kruzenchtern.
Musir Island, otherwise the inhabitants called the Silent Stone, Captain Cruzenshtern calls the stone traps.
Raikoka, he calls Musir, Matuy - Raikok, the Matua, Ishisir - Rasha, Keta - Ears, Simusir - Ketio, and in foreign maps they write him Marikan.

The French by the French are called the four brothers after Laperose.
Weaving foreigners write the company's land, and the Russian American company calls Alexander Island.

ItUPU in foreign maps is under the name of the state of states. Chicotan, or the island of Shpampberg. Matsmai, or Earth Esso.
--

The Island of Alaid is the island of Atlasov, who received its modern name in 1954 - the Ostrian-Volcano Alaid. It represents the almost right cone of the volcano, the base diameter of which is 8-10 km. The peak is at a mark of 2339 m. (According to historical data to strong eruptions of 1778 and 1821, the height of the volcano was much more), and this means that Alaid is the highest volcano of the Kuril ridge.

Please note that the 26th island of the Kuril Ridge is called Matsmai Island - this is Hokkaido. Hokkaido entered Japan only in 1869. Until that time, the Japanese lived only on the southern tip of the island, where there was a small Japanese principality. All the rest of the territory was populated by Aina, which even externally differed sharply from the Japanese: Bellitz, with a strong hairproof, for which the Russians and called them "shaggy smokers." From the documents it is known that at least in 1778-1779 from the residents of the North Coast, the Russians collected Yasak.

The largest of the Kuril Islands in the direction from north to south: Schoysh - 467 square kilometers,

Paramushir - 2479 square kilometers,

Onekotan, or Omukotan, - 521 square kilometers,

Charimkathan - 122 square kilometers,

Shiashkoltan - 179 square kilometers,

Simusir - 414 square kilometers,

Vrup - 1511 square kilometers, ITUURUP, the largest of the Kuril Islands - 6725 square kilometers.

Kunashir Island - 1548 square kilometers

and chicotan or cattle - 391 square kilometers.

Island Shikotan - This is the place of the world. Just 10 km from the village of Malokurilskoye, his main attraction was stretched at a small pass - Cape The Edge of Light. ... Russian navigators Rykort and Golovin called him about. Chicotan.

Small islands are located from north to south: Alaid - 92 square kilometers (about. Atlasova), shirinki, Maca Maca or Makan - 65 square kilometers, Avos, Chirintan, Ekarma - 33 square kilometers, Musir, Raikok, Malua or Musi - 65 square kilometers . Islands: Frames - 64 square kilometers, ketoes - 61 square kilometers, brothlo, chirpos, brother Chirpoov, or Brother Hirny, (18 square kilometers). Between the islands from the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk to the East to the Pacific Ocean, straits are carried out: a Kuril Strait, a small Kuril Strait, shed hopes, strait Diana, the Strait of Bussoliprolive de Fris and Pico Strait.

The whole range of the Kuril Islands of Volcanic Origin. There are 52 volcanoes here, including 17 valid. On the islands there are many hot and sulfur sources, here constantly happen

earthquake .

Aina - Peoples, inhabited by Curiles, dubbed each island separately. These are the words of the Ayn language: Paramushir - a wide island, Onetan - an old settlement, the rural ground - the land of the bays, Chipoy - Birds, Vrup - Salmon, ITUURUP - Big Salmon, Kunashir - Black Island, Shikotan - the best place. Starting from the XVIII century, Russians and the Japanese tried to renamers in their own way. Most often used ordinal numbers - the first island, the second, etc.; Only the Russians considered from the north, and the Japanese from the south.

The Kuril Islands are administratively included in the Sakhalin region. They are divided into three areas: North-Kurilsky, Kuril and South Kurilsky. The centers of these areas have appropriate names: North-Kurilsk, Kurilsk and South Kurilsk. And there is another village - Major-Kurilsk (the center of the Small Kuril Ridge). Total four Kurilsk.

Kunashir Island.

On Kunashir installed a memorial sign of Russian pioneers

A commemorative sign in honor of the 230th anniversary of the landing of Russian Cossacks-pioneers under the start of Dmitry Shabalina on September 3 was opened in with. Heat (South Kuril district, Kunashir). It is set near the rural culture house. The famous Sakhalin historian-archaeologist Igor Samarin discovered the documents and the so-called "Mercator Card" of the Kuril Islands, compiled by the results of the navigation 1775-1778. near Kunashir. It has an inscription: "... D where there were raheering people in two Bidars in 778." The "D" icon is depicted on the place of the current location with. Heat - next to the strait of treason (southern part of the island). This historical fact of the real place for the landing of Russians as shore Kunashir was proved by Russian scientists. The expedition was headed by the Irkutsk merchant D. Shabalin.

In view of the latest events, many residents of the planet are interested in where the Kuril Islands are located, and which they belong to. If there is still no specific answer to the second question, then it is possible to respond completely to the first one. The Kuril Islands are a chain of islands with a length of approximately 1.2 kilometers. It takes place from the Kamchatka Peninsula to the Sushi Island Section called Hokkaido. A peculiar convex arc, consisting of fifty-six islands, is located two parallel lines, and also separates the Okhotsk Sea from the Pacific Ocean. The total territorial area is 10,500 km 2. From the south side, the state border between Japan and Russia is extended.

The land under consideration is invaluable economic, as well as military-strategic importance. Their most is considered part of the Russian Federation and belongs to the Sakhalin region. However, the status of such components of the archipelago, among whom Shikotan, Kunashir, ITUURUP, as well as the Khaboma group, is disputed by the Japanese authority, which relates the listed islands to the Hokkaido Prefecture. Thus, you can find the Kuril Islands on the map of Russia, however, Japan plans to legalize the possession of the part of them. These territories have their own characteristics. For example, the entire archipelago applies to the Extreme North, if you look at legal documents. And this is despite the fact that Shikotan is located in the same latitude with the city of Sochi and Anapa.

Kunashir, Cape Column

Climate of Kuril Islands

Within the framework of the area under consideration, a moderate marine climate prevails, which is rather a cool cool than warm. The main impact on climatic conditions is provided by baric systems, which are usually formed over the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, the Cold Curil Territory, as well as the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk. The southern part of the archipelago is covered by monsoon atmospheric streams, for example, asian winter anticyclone also dominates there.

Schikotan Island

It is worth noting that the weather in the Kuril Islands is changing enough. Landscapes of local landscaps are characterized by a smaller heat of security than the territories of the corresponding latitudes, but in the center of the mainland. The average minus temperature in winter is the same for each island included in the chain, and ranges from -5 to -7 degrees. In winter, prolonged heavy snowfalls often happen, thaw, elevated cloudy and blizzards. In summer, temperature indicators change within +10 to +16 degrees. The south is the island, the higher the air temperature will be.

The main factor affecting the summer temperature indicator is considered the nature of hydrological circulation inherent in coastal waters.

If we consider the components of the middle and northern group of the islands, it is worth noting that the coastal temperature of the coastal waters is not raised above five to six degrees, so the lowest summer indicator for the northern hemisphere is characterized for these territories. Throughout the year, the archipelago drops from 1000 to 1400 mm of precipitation, which are evenly distributed over the seasons. You can also talk about everywhere excessive moisture. In the south side of the chain in the summer, the humidity indicator exceeds the ninety percent, because of which the fogs are dense in their consistency. If you carefully consider the latitudes where the Kuril Islands on the map are located, it can be concluded that the area is particularly difficult. It is under regular exposure to cyclones, which are accompanied by excessive precipitation, and may also cause typhoons.

Symushir Island

Population

The territories are inhabited unevenly. Yearly the population of the Kuril Islands lives on Shikotan, Kunashir, Paramushire and Itupe. There is no permanent population in other sections of the archipelago. In total, there are nineteen settlements, among which sixteen villages, an urban type village called South Kurilsk, as well as two major cities, including Kurilsk and North-Kurilsk. In 1989, the maximum value of the population was recorded, which was equated to 30,000 people.

The high population of the territories during the Soviet Union is due to the subsidies of those regions, as well as a large number of servicemen who were inhabited by the Islands of Simushir, Schisha, and so on.

By 2010, the figure declined significantly. Total territory took 18,700 people, of which approximately 6 100 live within the framework of the Kuril district, and 10,300 in the South Kuril district. The rest of people occupied local villages. The population has significantly decreased due to the remoteness of the archipelago, but the climate of the Kuril Islands has also played, which is far from every person.

Uninhabited Islands of Ushishira

How to get to Kuril

Get here the most convenient through the air. The local airport called "ITUURUP" is considered one of the most important aircraft objects erected in post-Soviet times from scratch. It is built and equipped with modern technological requirements, so he is assigned the status of an international aircraft. The first flight, which later became regular, was adopted on September 22, 2014. They became the aircraft of Aurora, which arrived from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. On board everything was fifty passengers. This event was negatively perceived by the Japanese authorities, which belong to this territory to their country. Therefore, disputes about who belong to the Kuril Islands continue to this day.

It is worth noting that the journey through the smoke needs to be planned in advance. The route drawing up must take into account that the entire archipelago includes fifty-six-six islands, among which ITUP and Kunashir uses the greatest popularity. You can tell them in two ways. It is most convenient to fly by plane, but tickets worth buying a few months before the outlined date, because there are enough flights. The second way is a journey on the ship from the port of Korsakov. The path takes from 18 to 24 hours, but you can purchase a ticket exclusively at Kursah or Sakhalin, that is, online for sale is not provided.

Vrup is a deserted island of volcanic origin

Interesting Facts

Despite all the difficulties, life on the Kuril Islands is developing and growing. The history of the territories began in 1643, when several sections of the archipelago were examined by Martin Fries and his team. The first information received by Russian scientists is dated 1697, when the campaign of V. Atlasov in Kamchatka took place. All subsequent expeditions under the leadership of I. Kozyrevsky, F. Luzhina, M. Shppberg and others were directed to the systematic development of the area. After it became clear who opened the Kuril Islands, you can familiarize yourself with several interesting facts associated with the archipelago:

1. To get to the chickens, the tourist will require a special permission, since the zone is border. This document is issued exclusively by the Border Office of the FSB Sakhalinsk. To do this, it will be necessary to come to the institution at 9:30 - 10:30 with your passport. Permission will be ready the next day. Therefore, the traveler will definitely stay in the city for one day, which should be considered by planning a trip.
2. Due to the unpredictable climate, visiting the island, you can get drunk here for a long time, because with bad weather, the airport of the Kuril Islands and their ports stop their work. Frequent noise becomes high cloudiness and nebula. At the same time, it is not at all about a couple of time delay of the flight. The traveler should always be ready to spend an extra week or two.
3. For guests, smoked all five hotels. The hotel called "Vostok" is designed for eleven rooms, "Iceberg" - three rooms, "flagship" - seven rooms, "ITUURUP" - 38 rooms, "Island" - eleven numbers. It is necessary to book places in advance.
4. Japanese lands are seen from the windows of local residents, however, the best review opens on Kunashir. To check this fact, the weather should be clear.
5. The Japanese past is closely connected with these territories. There were Japanese cemeteries, plants, the coast from the Pacific Ocean is densely eliminated by fragments of the Japanese porcelain, which existed before the war. Therefore, here you can often find archaeologists or collectors.
6. It is also worth understanding that the controversial Kuril Islands, first of all, is volcanoes. Their territories consist of 160 volcanoes, of which about forty remain in force.
7. Local flora and fauna amazes. A bamboo grows along the motorways here, a magnolia or a tree of mulberries can grow near the Christmas tree. Lands are rich in berry, blueberry, lingonberry, cloudberry, prince, Krasnik, Chinese lemongrass, blueberry, and so on here. Locals argue that the bear can be found here, especially close to the volcano of Taji Kunashir.
8. The practical every local resident has a car at its disposal, but there are no refills in any of the settlements. Fuel supplied inside special barrels from Vladivostok and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.
9. Due to the high seismicity of the region of its territory, they are built up mainly by two- and three-story buildings. Houses of five floors are already considered high spirits and highly rare.
10. While it will be decided, whose Kuril Islands, among Russians living here, will be 62 days a year. Residents of Southern Ridges can use a visa-free regime with Japan. This feature uses about 400 people per year.

The big Kuril arc is surrounded by underwater volcanoes, some of which can be felt regularly. Any eruption is caused by the resumption of seismic activity, which provokes "fruitry". Therefore, local lands are exposed to frequent tsunami. The strongest wave of tsunami tsunami about 30 meters in 1952 completely destroyed the city on the island of Paramushir called North-Kurilsk.

The last century also remembered by several natural catastrophes. Among them, the most famous was the Tsunami of 1952, which happened in Paramyshire, as well as the Shikotanian tsunami of 1994. Therefore, it is believed that such a beautiful nature of the Kuril Islands is also very dangerous for human life, but this does not prevent local cities to develop, and to grow the population.