The need for drainage plot occurs in the terrain, where the groundwater is closely located and a significant amount of precipitation falls. In order to avoid washing and ferthing soilAlso, the arms of the foundations and flooding of basements should be professionally approaching the organization of the drainage system.

For the first time, the system for collecting and removing water beyond the limits of land was created yet in Ancient Babylon, and despite the fact that the century of technology has been significantly advanced, today the drainage of the site is made by the same principle.

Varieties of drainage systems

For appointment, drainage systems are divided into the following types:

• surface (open type),
• depth (closed type).

Surface drainage of the site in turn is divided into:

• cotton. In the organization of the point system, rain-seekers are used, sumps ( drain drains), storm valves and ladders. Ranges are installed directly under the plugs of the drainage roofs, in welcoming acceptances, under watering pipes and cranes, as well as in those places where local water collection is required. The point catchment will effectively complement linear drainage where an effective and fast drainage from the site is needed. Water collectors are connected by underground pipes through which water falls into the well storm sewage. The point drainage of the site allows you to effectively remove the excess moisture that fell in the form of precipitation. Mandatory conditions quality work This system is regular cleaning and professional service.
• linear. It can be both used and distant from the buildings. The linear system is represented by trays with grilles designed to receive rain precipitation that did not fall into the point sewage system. Point of catchment is a rave well. This option is the most relevant for sites where the groundwater is not too close to the surface. The device of the storm drainage does not provide for serious surface preparation. All that is required is to create flat slopes on both sides of the drain line. This will help reduce the risk of soil shrinkage, reduce the length of the storm channels, increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe catchment. With a lavety, the drainage system is connected through horizontal and vertical taps. To improve the efficiency of the system, specialists are recommended to equip it with sands;
• . The construction of the depth system is made on areas where the groundwater is located at a distance of 2.5 metersand provides for a significant amount of earthworks. Therefore, experts recommend starting its arrangement before the construction of the house.

Depth area drainage can be:

• tube. It is used if the groundwater on the site is lowered deeply. It requires pipes with perforation (drain) to its creation. Pipes are laid underground under a certain inclination, the moisture falls into them through the holes and is transported to the placement sites (cumulative well, drainage tunnel, shower sewage well);
• plasty. One of the most common types of deep drainage system. It is laid at the base of the building and provides for the organization of the filtering chump pillow.

If strong rains are possible in your area, it is worth choosing a hybrid system providing for the organization deep drainage Plot and storm sewage. Livnevka can be both point and linear.

Preparing for drainage

There are several types of plots on which it is guaranteed not to do without a detention system. These include:

• located on the lands with a high clay content - even with a small rain on the site will constantly stand puddles;
• with a high threshold groundwater;
• with a flat surface, as a result of which the water does not have the opportunity to drain somewhere;
• located at the bottom of the slopes - with flooding or melting of snow, they instantly floods.

The choice of the type of drainage of the garden plot should be carried out on the basis of the territorial relief. However, before thinking about what kind of soil drainage to give preferences, you need to know that there are two types of system:

• open;
• closed.

Open system

The easiest way to do with your own hands on the dacha can make an open-type drainage. It is suitable for those territories where water is needed after precipitation or melting of snow. The advantages of this system is the simplicity of the device and the low price. For its implementation, drainage drangum drank drank around the residential structure is required, the depth of which should be 0.5 m.

On the other hand, where water comes from, the trench should have a slope of about 30 degrees so that the flow of water passes as active as possible. Thus, swelling the right amount Canvas, which are connected in one, ending the well. Next, it is necessary to check whether the slope is sufficient, since if it turns out to be too small, it will be forcing water in this place. IN similar situation It is necessary to simply change the slope sludge slope so that the moisture is promptly leaving even at strong precipitation.

In the drainage system of an open type there is one significant disadvantage - a non-primary look. To compensate for, the ditches fall asleep with rubbing: below the larger fraction, and at the top - the lace. The material must be large enough, but for the upper layer it is permissible to use the rubble bed or pebble.

Closed system

The drainage of the cottage section of the closed (deep) type is used for the territories where the soil waters are very high. He will save from flooding basement at home. This method requires more effort and financial costsCompared to an open drainage system because it cannot do without laying pipes.

The depth of pipe laying depends on the type of soil - 60 cm for clay and 100 cm for sandy. The diameter of the main pipes is 100 mm, and additional - slightly less - 75 mm.

A closed type drainage diagram is called "Christmas tree", according to the method of laying pipes. Such a system implies a mandatory element: a ditch or well for flow. The device of this design will require a lot of strength, but will pay off into arid times, since water from the waste ditch can be used when watering the garden.

For drainage system, corrugated perforated plastic tubes are used. They are environmentally friendly, do not deliver difficulties when installed, it is inexpensive. The process of their installation directly depends on the type of soil on the site.

The large content of clay will require the use of a particular filtering material. If the soil is a rubble type - it is necessary to put a crushed stone under the pipe (a layer, with a thickness of about 20 cm). If the soil on the section is drowned - pipes are wrapped with geotextiles. IN lately You can purchase ready-made brazed pipes and immediately start independent installation Drainage on cottage plot.

Tips to help make the right drainage:

• Decide S. type of drainage system
• If there is plenty of precipitation on your site, it will take surface drainage. But to reduce the level of groundwater, you should organize a depth type drainage system. In order to determine whether the drainage system needs on your site, a simple test should be carried out. Having cut a depth of 0.6 m on the pit plot and fill it with water. If the water has left during the day, there is no need for drainage, but if the water in the pit remained, it means that the soil on the site is quite dense and without a drainage system you can not do.
• In the design process correctly calculate system Load
• Degree of load The system depends on the peculiarities of the soil on the site, the filtering coefficient in different time of the year, the saturation of the soil moisture, the volume of the flow of water. If you mount a drenishing system, the load on which will be low, polymer drains, plastic trays and lattices can be used. If there are serious loads on the system, it is better to refuse from plastic elements. Proper drainage in this case will provide for the use of canals, gutters and wells from concrete.
• Use quality materials.

Efficiency of the drainage system Directly depends on the quality of the materials that were used in its installation. Therefore, do not try to create drainage pipes or any other elements of the system yourself. This dubious savings can turn out to be essential. It is also not recommended to use ordinary plastic pipes. Drainage pipes are not much more expensive than ordinary pVC pipes. But at the same time the latter work less efficiently, but they will clog quickly. The best option There will be a rigid corrugated drainage pipe with a smooth inner surface.

• Take care of filters

The right drainage of the site provides for the use of geotextile. Wrapped with perforated pipes Geecanius, you exclude the risk of sand in them. Also do not forget about sandstandors. These are special devices that are able to delay the small garbage (sand, plant seeds, leaves, everything that can clog the lavetyvy). The drainage system equipped with sandsovers will work as efficiently as possible by quickly coping with a significant amount of fluid.

Drainage plots on the slopes

If your site is located on the slope, the first ditch should be pulled out in the upper part of it. This will prevent the overalling of the soil in the territory below. The second channel must be parallel to the first and located at the bottom of the manor. You can connect two ditches to the trench in which the underground tube will be laid in the future. All water from the site will be assembled in the bottom ditch and drain into the drive or drainage well. In order for the walls of the ditches with time, they should be copied, they should be performed at an angle 20-30 °. In the same way, testers are performed for deep drainage using pipes.

Open-type proper drainage is quite possible to make it yourself, and quite quickly. But the installation of deep-seed systems will require certain knowledge and skills, substantial labor and time.

Construction works

After the materials are purchased and the place is defined for future waste ditch, you can start the construction of the structure. First, the ditches are digged, the bottom of which is placed geotextile (it must be treated with a margin). If you do not want to apply geotextiles - then to the bottom it is necessary to put sand, a layer of about 10 cm or a little more. Top of pipes are covered with clay or very large rubble. The top layer is put in the soil, shot during the digging of trenches.

It is necessary to monitor the corner of the tilt of the pipes. The correct indicator is 7 cm on 10 m tubes. Parts are connected by tees or crosses.

Wastewater removal with drainage usually occurs with a specially made well. It is easiest to collect it from rings of reinforced concrete, which can be bought in the finished form. Another, less expensive option - the use of plastic tank.

Pipes are mounted to the installed well. In order to freely occur in the accumulated liquid, the pipe is mounted in the upper part of the well. If this is impossible, the resulting water is pumped out the pump.

If you firmly decided to drain the site, our tips and recommendations will help you do it in short time and with cost savings. It will take several days for the fulfillment of the entire complex.

the author of the embroidee L.V., photo of the author

Gardening drainage is a prerequisite for the well-being of plants and the convenience of gardeners. Therefore, when creating or reconstructing a garden one of required species Work is the construction of an efficient drainage system, which is carried out immediately after measuring the site and it.

In the old days, elegant gardens and impeccable lawns were designed exclusively landscape architects, specialists in this area. The maintenance of such gardens was engaged in gardeners and cleaners.
During the centuries, a huge experience of landscape principles and methods for creating and decorating gardens and parks has been accumulated.
Currently, this experience is successfully used not only by professionals. Often amateur gardeners without professional assistance and with very low costs turn their plots of land in the paradise gardens, in attractive and comfortable places For outdoor activities.

Necessity drainage in the garden

The past summer of 2008 delivered a lot of trouble to the owners of gardens and gardens in our Leningrad region (However, as in some other areas) in connection with the excess rain towards the end of the season. This led to the flooding of many garden sites, to the loss of harvesting vegetables, to the invasion and others, to the death of many flower-ornamental plants.

Similar deplorable effects of protracted rains confirm the importance of a good drainage on developed garden plot, as well as the need to reorganize an inefficient drainage system on previously developed areas.
The presence of drainage in the garden is very relevant for sections with a high level of groundwater occurrence, as well as for sections with very dense soil.

The word "" has two meanings:
- absorption of water into the soil;
- Out excess water from a specific plot of land.

Too porous soil does not delay water long enough, so that the plants have time to absorb it. And too dense soil delays water on the surface, damping the roots of the plants of the periodic moistening they need.

It is possible to determine the porosity of the soil in the garden as follows. It is necessary to dig a hole with a depth of 60 cm and fill it with water. If water leaves a day or earlier, it means that the soil is too porous. If after 48 hours the water completely did not leave, it means that the soil is too dense.

Device drainage system

In areas with heavy clay or wet peat soils, as well as lowest sections effective method Removal of excess water is the system of a subsoil tubular drainage.

For device tubular drainage system The garden is used perforated plastic pipes. They are installed in V-shaped trenches:
- at a depth of 60-75 cm for clay soil;
- 75- 90 cm for Suglinka;
- 90- 100 cm for sandy soil.

Most garden sites are suitable for the laying of drainage pipes "Christmas tree" - with one main drainage pipe and side pipes that are branched from it. The main pipe must have a diameter of 10 cm and located under a constant slope. The diameter of the lateral drainage tubes is enough to choose 7.5 cm.

When device drainage system special attention It is necessary to pay the location waterswhich should be sent to the wallpaper ditch or the nearby stream. In the absence of those, it is necessary to build an absorbing well at the lowest point of the garden or plot. Usually, the well of 1 m with a surface area of \u200b\u200b1M 2 is quite sufficient to maintain the drainage system.

Ways to solve drainage problems in the garden

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Mute are summer residents who have a smooth plot with fertile water permeable soils, which does not require significant work on its improvement.

Just do that break the flower beds, the garden and sit beautiful trees and shrubs. However, you should not be discouraged if your piece of earth stands in the spring or autumn in the spring.

The drainage device in the country area will solve this problem, and you will also replenish the ranks of happy dachensons that do not know the problems of the garden and the garden. To do this, let's look at how to perform work with your own hands, pre-picked up the appropriate drainage scheme.

Main types of drainage

Seeing water on the plot, you should not immediately throw in panic and do drainage throughout the site. To begin with, it is necessary to determine if it is necessary and if still needed, in what volumes.

A faithful solution will be the definition of the type of soil (the geology of the site), and also it is worth watching how the water quickly goes during the spring melting of snow and autumn shower.

If the soil is heavy clay, the site is located in the lowland, the drainage is needed not only around the house, but also throughout the plot.

Having completed drainage in the country with their own hands, you will spend money only on materials, but independent work requires some knowledge.

The following varieties of drainage are distinguished:

• The drainage system is the deep - horizontal, consists of a drada that corner the ground in the pre-dug-out trenches (ditch) on the base prepared in advance. They converge to the collective tube, and then the water falls into the wells, the number of which depends on the configuration and size of the site.
• Wells form the following type - vertical, or wailed drainage. With its device, there will be quite a lot of removed soil, the distribution of which on the site should be thought in advance. Water from the well system is pumped out by the pump beyond the dacha area.
• Surface, or storm - horizontal drainage system on the country area, which collects surface drain (atmospheric precipitation). Divided into point and linear drainage.

The point involves the use of rain-seekers and wells. They are installed in places of water accumulation (drainage, courtcinds, etc.).

With a linear principle of drainage uses a system of trays and sands. They are placed in such a way that they do not intersect.

When digging the trench for laying the design, a gravel pillow is made. The channels themselves are covered with storm grids, which can be removed if necessary.

Competent drainage of the garden plot will help solve the problems of drainage for many years. If available garden tracks will not collapse from moisture, the foundation will not be subjected to the destructive effect of water, as it will be protected from the destruction of dampness, and garden plants do not hesitate and will delight with their fresh greens, healthy view and lush flowering.

How to make drainage on the plot?

It is responsible to approach the performance of work, since the construction will serve not one year, and the repair frequency will be proportional to how correctly the system is fixed.

In order to properly make drainage first, it is necessary to compile a plan of the site with the high-altitude stamps deposited on it, which you determine the highest and low places.

It is also necessary to find out the level of groundwater. Typically hire geodesists and hydrogeologists who will make for you topographic plan And they will hold the appropriate measurements. As a result, if the level of groundwater is less than 2.5 m, then drainage is precisely necessary. The plan for laying the drainage system in the country area is made.

To begin with, it is necessary to purchase appropriate materials: Drainage pipes (plastic, polyethylene or PVC). They are corrugated, have holes (perforated) and rigidity ribs.

Polyethylene lay down to a depth of no more than 3 m, and from PVC to 10 m. The service life of such pipes is more than 50 years, their diameter is 50-200 mm (100 mm) are popular.

Put pipes until the foundation of the house with outside, and it is necessary to make it waterproofing. According to the Kapa Trench scheme, the bottom of which is the trambrel and align the mixture of large sand and rubble (layer 5 cm), then put the pipes with a minimum bias in clay soils -2 mm per 1 p. M., In sand -3 mm.

However, it is better to take 5-10 mm per 1 p. M. Then we fall asleep the pipes with a water permeable material (layer 10-30 cm): first with rubble or gravel, then it is cut geotextile and put sand with it.

To observe and clean the pipes, we set the viewing wells (diameter 400 mm and 700 mm, the height is 0.5-2 m) from the reinforced concrete, but you can buy ready-made plastic. From pipes water will go to the well, so it is installed in the lowest point of the site. This water can be used for watering or reset it beyond the site (for example, in a ditch).

To rinse the pipes from sand and other inclusions through the swivel wells under pressure, water is supplied, it is carried out once every 5-10 years. The hatches can be reeded with sculpture, special lids in the form of stone, etc.

Useful video to create drainage on the plot:

When you are constantly meeting the problem of the appearance of excess water on the site, you must have to take steps on it. Otherwise, you will not only get trouble in the cultivation of the site, but also put the foundation of the house or near the buildings of the household destination at the threat of damage. Production of drainage, or rather - drainage design in this situation is the only acceptable output.

In this article, we will consider an easy and economical way to create a drainage on panstone.

Preparatory actions

Before your will start the process of assembling and installing drainage design, it is necessary to decide what result you would like to achieve. Based on your decision, you need to create a project of the future system at least at the primitive level: to determine the location of its location, possible consequences Contact of the system and surrounding objects, sizes, dimensions. Based on the generalization of all these data, it is already possible to calculate the material costs for the purchase of only volume. supplies. It is useful, by the way, understand that drainage depth directly depends on the height of the well intended for drainage. Well, it is customary to have a little higher elements of the whole design.

Now about the design itself: traditional (or "French") drainage is a trench filled with gravel separated from the Earth geotextile (Geekanika is used to prevent the mixing of soil and gravel, it also passes water through itself and does not give to weed). Gravel, together with Geecan, help the water to get absorbed into the ground, evenly distributing moisture along the location, thus prevents the collection and stagnation of water in some particular one place.

When creating a drainage of this type usually use corrugated pipesEquipped with longitudinal holes on one side, as a rule, from PVC. At the end of the entire system, a wastewater reservoir should be located, whose task is a uniform distribution to the ground around itself accumulated water. To create this well, a two-hundredth toll plastic barrel In the form of a drum (rounded form of capacity is more preferable in this case) with multiple holes in the bottom and walls. It is necessary to position this well on a special gravel "pillow" (about 10 cm), the space between the walls of the pit and the capacity is also filled with gravel (the thickness of the layer 15 cm). In the upper part of the barrels, holes intended for receiving the incoming water, and one of the holes - To install a special drainage lattice. There are no need to do a lot of holes, enough two or three, 5 cm. At the top of the wall of the well is made big holedesigned to enter the pipe of the drainage system.

The second large element of such a system is a catchment reservoir, the width of which should be approximately 30x30 cm. The tank must be supplied with a drain grille. This is necessarily done in the case of ensuring drainage of the drainage pipes, when the tank is connected to the tank, the influx into a clean water system is ensured. The household site is not a very cost operation. In the manufacture of the system, the materials available for the price and need to be a bit. The most expensive detail that you will need can become a reservoir for the catchment. Polyvinyl chloride pipe will cost much cheaper. Gravel will need about two cubic meters. It will also be necessary to purchase a special fabric - geotextile.

Copy trench drainzha

Next, you need to proceed the trench from the location of the catchment to the place of drainage and pits to install the well with the side and the reservoir - on the other. In place for a drainage well, the pit will need to deepen 15 cm compared to the depth of the rest of the trench, the depth of which, in turn, you will need to independently calculate, based on the size of the container for drainage.

Manufacture of drainage well

Using the drill, a diameter of 2-3 cm, you will easily turn the wall of the tank in the sieve. Through these holes, if possible, made with the same intervals, entered in the barrel sewage water It should evenly increase the surrounding soil. On the wall of the barrel, at the top, the hole should be performed on the diameter of the drainage pipe and prepare the fastening for the pipe.

Filling trench

Then the dug trench must be displayed geochanging. This will eliminate the mixing of the alley and particles of dirt with gravel. Also, geotextiles will ensure better absorption of moisture of the Earth. Further, on the 8-10 centimeter intake of gravel, install an already prepared two-toll barrel. The barrels of the barrel must be putting a small amount of gravel and make sure that the tank does not "go" from side to side. Similar actions should be done with a waterball that needs to be done so that its upper edge is on the edge of the earth's surface. Highness of the waterborne can also be adjusted by a gravel subfolder.

Make sure that the waterborg is immobilized. Then it is necessary to connect both rebvings with a drainage pipe. It is important to know that the holes in the drainage tube should be located on its underside, the pipe itself is placed under the slope. Fill the trench by gravel. Make so that 15 cm is left to the surface and gravel. Next, mount the lattice for the drain on the tank. Then you need to get geocan, having raised that the edges of the textile on both sides of the trench lay a mustache, while covering each other.

Now you know how to independently build drainage literally in a couple of days without significant costs. The main thing in this matter, as, however, in all other, thorough preparations.

Video how to make drainage on the plot do it yourself

In some regions, groundwater is very close to the surface. So close that they threaten the integrity of buildings (their foundations) and interfere with growing plantations. All these problems solves the drainage of the site. In general, this event is the cost and in the number of required funds and at the necessary time costs. A considerable part of time goes to planning. If you do everything in the mind, then the data of hydrogeological research and the project compiled by a specialist are necessary. But, as usual, so do units, most make a drainage system with their own hands.

What water is given to drainage

Plot drainage - costly and time-consuming event requiring large volume land work. Best time For construction - the process of layout and arrangement of the site. Later deadlines lead to a great disorder, which is far from all glad. However, if water stands on the site, you have to go on it.

There are several types of water on a plot that prevents us from and which you want to get out. They have different character, require different measures.

Surface waters

They are formed during snowy and abundant precipitation, when working on a plot (watering, washing tracks), reset water from the reservoir, etc. All phenomena are their singleness: surface waters appear after certain events. A more sensible way to lead the device. She copes with the task "excellent", and the cost of arrangement is much lower.

For the removal of surface water, they are mainly open channels, water intake - dotted under stainless pipes or linear roofing along the entire sink. From these receivers, water with solid plastic (asbetic) pipes are taped to the wastewall or dump the river ravine, the lake. Sometimes let's say the output to the ground.

Groundwater

Those underground waters that have seasonality levels (in the spring after the flood above, in winter - below), have a power zone (where come from) and outflow (where leave) are called soil. Usually, the groundwater is present on sandy, sampling soils, less often - in loams with a small amount of clay.

The presence of groundwater can be determined using self-emitted shurps or several well drilled wells. When drilling, the dynamic level is noted (when water when drilling appeared) and the established (after some time after the appearance, its level is stabilized).

If we talk about the drainage of water from the building, the drainage system is arranged if the level of groundwater (UGB) is below the foundation of only 0.5 m. If the groundwater level is high - above the drainage depth - then recommended with the measures taken on the removal of water. At at a lower level, other options are possible, but it needs careful and multilayer waterproofing. The need to drainage foundation should be assessed by specialists.

If high-standing groundwater (an ugro of 2.5 meters) interfere with growing plants, the drainage of the site is required. This is a system of channels or laid in the ground at some level (below the level of HB by 20-30 cm) of special drainage pipes. The depth of the shoe of pipes or canvas is below the AGB - so that water flows into lower places. Thus, there is a drainage of the adjacent soil sections.

Verkhovodka

These underground waters are found on soils in highly located waterproof formations, but often from the appearance is a consequence of building mistakes. This is usually water that absorbs into the soil, meets in its path the layers with a low ability to absorb moisture. Most often it is clay.

If after the rain on the site stand and the puddles do not leave for a long time - it is a rigor. If water accumulates in the dug drangies - this is also a rigor. If a few years after the construction of the house on clay soils Or Suglinka in the basement begin to "cry" the walls - this is also a ridder. The water was accumulated in crumbs pockets under the foundation, in the scene, etc.

Rip-cutting removal is easiest to do with the help of a canvas, but it is better to prevent her appearance - to make the foundation of the foundation not with rubble and sand, but clay or native soil, carefully layered his rambling. The main task is to eliminate the presence of pockets in which water will accumulate. After such a backfill, it is required to make a break, which in width is more in the width and a mandatory barcode - the removal of stormwater.

If the site has a slope, think about the device of the terraces and retaining walls, with a mandatory device of drainage channels along the retaining wall. The most difficult thing to deal with the rovor in low areas, which are located at the level below the neighboring. Here rational decision - Updating the Earth, as it is usually for us to reset the water. Another possible output of drain through neighboring areas or along the road to the point of possible reset. It is possible to decide on the spot, based on the existing conditions.

Not to do drainage

The device of the drainage system is an expensive event. If it is possible to do with other measures, it is worth doing this. Other measures include the following activities:

If after all these events, the situation does not suit you, it makes sense to make a drainage system.

Drainage types

Drainage plot - a complex system With many nuances and features. In structure, it can be local (local) - to solve the problem on a specific site. Most often it is drainage foundation, basement and semi-base (base) floors. Also, the water removal systems on the plot are common - to drain the entire site or a significant part of it.

By installation method

By installation method, the drainage system can be:

• Open. Concrete or stone trays are used, docks are digging around the site. They remain open, but they can close decorative lattices To protect the system from large garbage. If you need a simple output solution surface water At the cottage - it is the ditch to the perimeter of the site or in the lowest zone. Their depth should be sufficient in order for the water at the maximum stream it is not overflowing. So that the unreasted walls of the drainage canvas are not collapsed, they are made at an angle of 30 °,

Drainage option for the country area - cheap and angry

• Closed. Water is captured by laid special water permeable - drainage - pipes. Pipes are removed into a cumulative well, in the wastewater, the ravine, nearby reservoir. This type of drainage on the site is good for the water-permeable soils (sandy).
• Fucking. Drainage plot this type Usually used on clay soils or sublinks. In this case, the pipes are also stacked in the ditch, but in them a layer-by-layer sand-gravel frustration, which collects water from the surrounding soils. The worse the soil is carried out moisture, the more powerful swelling is required.

  

The specific type of drainage of the site is chosen on the basis of the conditions on the site. On clays and sublinks, an extensive gravel-sand zone is needed, in which water will be drained from the surrounding sections of the soil. There are no need for such a pillow in the sands and squeeces of such a pillow - the soils themselves are not bad for water, but it can only say a specialist according to the results of geological research.

According to the implementation

There are several types of drainage devices on the plot:

When drainageing the site, a central drend or a collector is made of pipes of larger diameter (130-150 mm against 90-100 mm for ordinary DRET) - the volume of water here is usually greater. The specific type of drainage system is selected based on the tasks that need to be solved. Sometimes you have to use combinations of different schemes.

Drainage area - device

The drainage system consists of a network of interrelated pipes that are located around the perimeter (or on an area) protected from water territory. In places of intersection or turns put drainage wells. They are necessary to control the condition of the system and clean the tailed pipes. From all drainaged sections, water enters the collector well, where it accumulates to a certain level. Then can be discharged or used for watering and other technical needs. Reset can go sickthly (if there is where), and submersible submersible uses for watering and other technical needs.

Drainage pipes and wells

Drainage pipes are used special - with holes in size from 1.5 to 5 mm. Through them comes water from the surrounding soil. Holes are located over the entire surface of the pipe. They are different diameters, for private houses and sites, the most used size of 100 mm, to lead large volumes of water, you can take a cross section to 150 mm.

Make them now mainly of polymers - PND, PVD (low and low polyethylene and high pressure) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride). They are used to bookmark to a depth of 2 meters. There are two more and three-layer combined, which are made of combinations of these materials, they are buried to the depths of up to 5 meters.

Pipes for drain are selected based on the depth of the occurrence. Select required by ring rigidity. It is indicated by Latin SN letters and the following numbers displaying ring rigidity (resistance to loads). To bookmark to a depth of up to 4 meters, rigidity must be SN4, up to 6 metro - SN6.

The surface of the drainage tube is wrapped with filtering materials. Filtering layers can be from one to three. The number of layers is selected based on the composition of the soil - the smaller the particles, the greater the layers are required. For example, on clays and sublinks, tubes with three filtering layers are used.

At the turn points and in places where several pipes are connected to the revision wells. They are needed for simpler cleaning in the case of a block, as well as to be able to observe the condition of the pipes. As a rule, all pipes converge into one collector well, from where the water or is sent by gravity to the discharge point, or is pumped out forcibly.

There are special wells - for drainage systemsbut it is possible to bury concrete Ring With a bottom and a lid of a small diameter (70-80 cm) and bring pipes into it. Depending on the depth of the folding of the rings, the rings may be required by several. Another option is to make looking well and drainage pipe big sizeBut you will have to come up with a bottom in this case. For example, you can pour bottom with concrete.

Bias

In order for the collected water to drain on their own, it is necessary to observe a certain bias towards the direction of movement. Minimal It is 0.002 - 2 mm per meter, the main - 0.005 (5 mm per 1 meter of the pipe). If Drainage. small run, the tilt of the pipe can increase to 1-3 cm per meter, but it is necessary to make it minimally possible. With the speed of the flow of more than 1 m / s, the "sublicas" of small ground particles occurs, which contributes to a more rapid silication of the system.

The bias change (with respect to the "duty" of 5 mm per meter) in two cases:

• If you need to remove more water per unit of time without increasing the diameter of the drain. In this case, the slope increases.
• If you want to get away from the backrest (when the pipe fitted with a given slope will be below the corner, i.e. the water will simply not be). In this case, the bias decrease.

With a practical system of the system, questions may arise about how to provide a given slope. You can do this with help using a water level (not very convenient) or a flat board in a pair with the usual construction bubble level. Aligning the bottom of the trench, put the board, on it - the level. Moving it on the board, check and adjust the tilt of the trench bottom at a certain area.

Drain mounting technology

Pre-equipped trenches of a given width and depth. The bottom of the trench is leveled and tamper. Do not forget about the bias, but at this stage it makes no sense to withstand it for sure. Next, begging about 100 mm coarse-grained moth river sand, it is also tamped (spilled, then pass on the rubbing), align. Sand Preferably DSR fractions 1.5-2.5 mm.

On the sand is laid by a density of not more than 200 g / m2. The edges of the canvas are lined along the walls of the trench. On top poured a layer granite rubble. The size of the rubble fraction is selected depending on the size of the holes in the drainage tube. For the smallest holes, crushed stone with grain is 6-8 mm, for the rest - larger. The thickness of the rubble layer is 150-250 mm - depending on the type of soils. The clays and loams require 250 mm, on the soils are better than the winds - sand and squeees - about 150 mm.

Crushed stone tramblings, aligning in a given slope. On the rammed crushed stone stacked drainage trumpet. Further, the pipe layerly is covered with gravel, each layer is tram. From above, the drain should be at least 100 mm gravel. After that, the ends of geotextiles are wrapped, their overheet should be 15-20 cm. From above, the sand layer with grains of 0.5-1 mm falls asleep. The thickness of the sand layer is 100-300 mm, also depending on the water permeability of the soil: the worse the water is given, the thicker the sand layer. On the rammed sand is laid by the "native" soil, and then plants can be planted.

Little about frustration materials

Crushed stone should be granite or other solid farmland. Dolomite (lime) or marble are not suitable. Test is simply: dripping on it with vinegar. If the reaction is going, it does not fit.

We pay attention again: crushed stone is stacked by washed - so that new pipes do not immediately state.

Sand required coarse-grained. Grain size from 0.5 mm to 1 mm. Sand should also be clean. Some of the sand pour clean water, smallest, waiting for the sand will fall and evaluate the purity of water. If water is muddy, with large quantity Weighted particles, sand requires washing.

Some nuances of construction

When drainageing the site, a central drend or a collector is made of pipes of larger diameter (130-150 mm against 90-100 mm for ordinary DRET) - the volume of water here is usually greater.

The drainage device on the site starts with the lowest point and move gradually upwards. First install a collector well. For high level Groundwater or with a triggered wounded, water can accumulate in the gangs. This muddy jig will roll into the well, taking it. In addition, the presence of water in the ditch greatly interferes with the work: you need to lay drain in dry ditch. To dry them in the course of the ditches make side pitches (Zomples) greater depth. Crushed stone on the bottom. Accumulating water pumped out of these pitfalls.