The flooding of the site with soil and thawed waters may be a real disaster for its owner. The sediments are also able to contribute to the violation of the soil structure. It is especially bad for the owners of the Earth, consisting mainly of clay or loam, since the clay is strongly detaining the water, with difficulty passing it through itself. In these cases, the sole rescue may be correctly built drainage. For such soil, he has its own characteristics. Therefore, consider how to make a drainage of the site with your own hands on clay soils.
Plants suffer from the re-fulfillment of moisture in the first place. Their roots are not obtained by the amount of oxygen necessary for the development. The result turns out to be a deplorable - plants first come, and then they disappear at all. Moreover, this also applies to cultural plants, and to lawn herbs. Even in cases where clay from above is covered with a layer of fertile soil, water departing will be difficult.
It is also important to comfort work on the site, because in the absence of drain, even a small rain is capable of turning clay soil in a swamp. It is impossible to work on such land for several days.
When the water does not leave for a long time, the risk of flooding the foundation and its freezing during cold weather occurs. Even very good waterproofing is not capable of protecting the foundation from destruction, since it itself can be destroyed by frozen moisture.
We conclude: the drainage of the plot from groundwater is simply necessary. And if it is not yet done, then you should not postpone its construction.
Preparation for the construction of a drainage system
Before choosing a type of drainage system, an analysis of your site should be analyzed.
Attention is drawn to the following points:
- Soil structure. In our case, clay is considered, which is not able to quickly pass water;
- Source of high moisture. It can be frequent precipitation or groundwater closer to the surface;
- The type of drainage is selected or several types are combined;
- The plan for the location of drainage trenches, revision and catchment wells is drawn up. The plan indicates the depth of finding the drain, the size of all elements of the system, their slope relative to the surface of the soil. The plan will allow you to quickly find the location of all elements of the system.
After such training, the construction of the area drainage is proceeded with their own hands on clay soils. Consider what kind of drainage it happens, and which one is better suited to the clay area.
Types of drainage systems
Drainage on the clay area can be superficial, deep or reservoir. Sometimes it is advisable to combine several of these species to achieve the greatest drainage efficiency.
Surface drainage
If the site has at least a small natural bias, it creates additional benefits for surface drainage. Water flows by itself along the channels in the reserved place on the site. Such channels are located on the surface of the soil, slightly deepening them into the ground. Surface drainage of the area on clay soils can be laid on almost any level places: along the tracks, around the structure, around the perimeter of lawns, near platforms for recreation and in other places.
Plasty drainage
This variety of drainage is created even before the construction of the foundation. The soil is deepened below its location at least 20 cm. The soil layer is also laid wider location of the foundation. On the bottom of the pit, rubble layer 20 cm laying up, and drainage pipes are located around the perimeter. All the moisture penetrating under the foundation is collected in the pipes, from where it is excreted from separately paved pipelines into the catchment wells.
Tip: Depth of finding a reservoir drainage should exceed the depth of the clay soil. In this case, the drainage will be as efficient as possible.
This kind of drainage is quite laborious, therefore it is used less often, although it is useful for clay soils.
Caring for the drainage system consists only in its cleaning and pumping of water from the collector well. If everything is done correctly, then no clay on the plot can darken your mood and destroy the plants grown.
Ground and melting water can cause serious trouble. This is especially true of the drum and clay portions of the soil, since this type of soil prevents the passage of water, which leads to the rotation of the roots of plants. In this case, you can make a drainage area on clay soils with your own hands.
Since clay and loams poorly passes water, it accumulates in the soil, because of this plant roots begin to rot. At the same time, the coating of the fertile layer of the soil does not correct the situation.
If on peat soil or clay does not equip the drain or drainage system, then a sufficiently small rain so that the area of \u200b\u200bthe country house or the cottage turn into a swamp. On such Earth it is impossible to work for a long time, in addition to this, there is a high probability that the foundation is flooded or freezed when the cold will appear.
Do not place high hopes for waterproofing, since its integrity can destroy the frozen water.
As mentioned above, the yield in this case is only one - the creation of drainage.
Preparatory stage
Before you begin to choose a type of drainage, it is necessary to undergo a thorough analysis, namely:
- determine the structure of the soil;
- find out what is the cause of high humidity.
According to the results of the analysis, the type of drainage is selected. Next, it is necessary to make a plan on which it is indicated where and at what depth will be the various elements of the drainage type system. After that, you can start construction.
Types of drainage systems
For the soil, in which clay prevails, it is possible to use a plastic, surface or depth variation. In some cases it makes sense to share several types to increase the efficiency of the drainage. Consider in detail every kind.
Surface Types of Surface Types
This type is ideal in cases where the site is located on a natural slope. For drainage, there are slightly deepened channels in the soil, according to which water itself flows into the drainage well. You can make them on any smooth surface, for example, around the perimeter of the building, near the pavement path or around the lawn.
The canal stacked a gutter, they can be covered with a protective grille.
Depths of water removal systems
If there is a large amount of water on the clay soil, it is recommended to give preference to deep drainage. They are systems of underground pipelines serving to drive water to accumulation places.
Depth systems may include from one to several main drainage channels aimed at total water collector. Their depth of the occurrence varies from 1 to 1.5 m, while the width does not exceed 50cm. The channels of the drainage system are installed in the channels. Auxiliary lines, collecting water from the soil surface, are summarized to the main highway.
How the trench of deep drains is arranged, shown in the figure.
The figure indicates:
- A - layer of fertile soil (thickness 20cm);
- B - backfill soil (20cm);
- C - this layer is covered with rubble (30cm);
- D - pipe with a diameter of 110mm;
- E - geotextile coating;
- F - "Pillow" from sand;
- G - soil.
Plastic drainage
This type of drainage, as well as the previous view, refers to the deep one. It is used when the need to remove groundwater from the structure (foundation). It is installed directly under the building. The drainage is a layer of rubble, from which the water leads is carried out into the pipe laid around the building.
It should be noted that the size of this system must exceed the area under which it is located.
List of tools and materials
To independently create drainage on the soil of clay type, you will need to prepare the following tools:
- shovels (they are used for channel laying);
- level (to check the slope);
- stretcher or car (with their help; soil is carried out);
- hacksaw for cutting pipes;
- marking cord.
Materials for surface systems will need:
- geotextile, it serves as a water filter that will flow into the drainage system;
- to create a spray and a pillow, sand and crushed stone will be required;
- gutters made of concrete or plastic, as well as sandcloths and rain-seekers;
- cement.
If you plan to make a deep system, you will additionally need special (perforated) plastic pipes with a diameter of 100 to 110mm, as well as elements for their connection.
Video: how to make soil drainage at the cottage in the garden
If you do not want to do with your own hands the cumulative well, in which water will come with drainage on a plot where clay soil, the tank can be purchased ready (the price for it is quite accessible).
Self-creation of the surface system
The algorithm of the priority of actions is as follows:
- trenches are digging, according to the plan of the drainage system. At the same time, the bias should be observed towards the disposal of the drainage water. This action is greatly simplified if there is a natural slope on the site. It is enough to break through the trench with a depth of 80cm, and width 40cm.;
- at the bottom of the trenches, a "pillow" is made from sand, which is covered with a layer of rubbanks, if desired, you can place the dend, after which the system can be operated.
If the trench is planned to install a chute, then you can do them less deep. In this case, crushed stone is poured by cement mortar to which the gutters and other elements are installed (rain-seekers, sand-trap, etc.). From above, the chute is closed by a special protective grid, which can play the role of decor.
Photo: Installation of gutter in a trench Self-creation of a deep system
The arrangement of this type of drainage will take longer. Creating it begins with the installation of a collector well, after which they start laying the main and auxiliary highways.
Trench depth must be 1.2 m for the main drainage and about a meter under auxiliary (optional) channels. The width is sufficient 50cm, both for the first and second.
It is important that the main channels reach the drainage well. Auxiliary trenches should have a slope on one meter of about five centimeters. The bottom of the trench is covered with sand to create a pillow. From above on it, and geotextiles are stacked along the edges of the trench, after which the channel is covered with a 20 centimeter layer of rubble.
At the next stage, perforated plastic pipes are stacked. Do not forget to check the bias level.
Where the pipes rotate, as well as at the intervals of 25 meters, revision wells are installed.
At the last stage, the pipes are covered with rubbed, wrapped in geotextile, after which the ditch is leveled under one level with the soil.
Photo: Central high drainage highway As you can see, make the drainage of the plot on clay soils with their own hands is quite possible, let it take a certain time, but in any case, the cost will be lower than the builders for this purpose.
The accumulation of wax or precipitated waters in the site leads to many unpleasant consequences. To solve this problem, drainage structures are used, the functionality of which is particularly important for clay soil, poorly conductive moisture. Step-by-step guide to the installation of the drainage system do it yourself below.
Clay soil drainage
Before organizing drainage on a plot with clay soil, it is important to know the features of such a soil. Pre-conduct a small test. To do this, you need to dig a hole with a depth of about 60 cm, to pour 6-7 water vests into it. If, after a day, moisture is absorbed into the ground without a residue, the site does not need a complex drainage system. In this case, there is enough landfill or flowing drainage. Clay soil does not absorb completely water and therefore the site requires more thorough improvement.
As a result of the fact that the clay does not hold moisture, in the upper layers of the soil, water clusters are formed, puddles. Excessive humidity leads to the destruction of the foundations of buildings, the death of plants and the creation of too wet atmosphere on the territory. Therefore, drainage is needed and allows you to dry out clay soil, preventing unpleasant consequences.
For the organization of drainage, factors are taken into account as:
- the number of incoming moisture in the form of precipitation, melt waters, autopolying, etc.;
- area of \u200b\u200bterritory in need of drainage;
- financial capabilities defining the type and quality of materials used for drainage.
The combination of outlined and surface drainage allows you to dry the ground, providing normal conditions for plants and keep the construction. At the same time, the discharge point involves digging deep ditch, the use of pipes, rubble, geotextiles, a well structure for the designated waters. All this requires financial costs and needs a thorough calculation of parameters.
The surface drainage is a shallow canals that are directed towards the well for collecting water. On top of the recess covered with grilles and are easy to operate. The system of such channels does not require the use of pipes, as special material is placed on the bottom of the trenches. Thanks to this, the moisture is transported to the well, and not remaining on clay soil.
Combining surface and blurred systems optimally for clay soil. Each option requires the development of a schema, which indicates the location of the canvas, well and other elements. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the sequence of installation stages, because drainage must perform its function quickly and efficiently.
Device drainage
For drying clay soil use surface and blurred drainage. The first option may be a tray type or with a sandy pillow. In any case, the trenches directed toward the well for collecting water. The width of the channels can be about 30 cm, and the depth is up to 50 cm. In this case, a small uniform slope in the side of the well is observed. For plots with a natural bias there is no need.
For a trap surface system in trenches, special boxes or plastic trays are installed for which water will be transported to the well. In the case of a sandy pillow, you need to pour on the bottom of the channels, the size of which is slightly larger than with a trailing method, a small layer of sand, then rubble almost to the edge of the recess. From above, you can pour out multicolored gravel or lay a layer of jam.
The discharge drainage suggests the creation of a canvas in which the rubble layers are placed, pipes for drainage, geotextiles. At the designated place, the well is installed in the deepening well for collecting water, in the trenches they are packed on the sand layer and geotextile pipes, and then crushed the crushed stone and wrap the edges of the canvas. The well should be located at the extreme point of the site, and all ditches are directed to it.
Drainage scheme
Before starting work on the creation of a drainage, the site should mark the location of all elements of the system. The well must be placed in the far corner, the ditch passes around the perimeter of the house or other buildings, are connected in one trench and lead to the well. When planning a deep system, it is worth considering that in the clay soil you can not lay the pipes where heavy machinery drives, cars. As a result, the soil will see and hurt the drainage. Therefore, the optimal option is the surface drainage contributing to the rapid moisture.
The diagram indicates the direction of each trench, as well as the slope of the canvas. If the site is located on the slope, then it is enough just to dig ditches of the same depth to the well. On the smooth surface, the calculation of the slope is carried out taking into account the rules.
The bias of the pipes are indicated by fractions, in which it is difficult to understand the injective person. For example, 0.007 or 0.02. In fact, these numbers mean the ratio of the desired tilt of the pipe to its length, expressed in meters. If you need to set the slope of 0.007, it means that by 1 pontamon M tubes, the height difference should be 7 mm. And if the slope is 0.02, then in one meter, the height difference will be 2 cm. This difference in the slopes arises due to the fact that various minimum slope is required for pipes of different diameters. And the greater the diameter, the smaller the slope. For example, for the tap drains, pipes with a diameter of 9-11 cm are always used. The minimum slope for them is 0.02. This means that the slope of each meter of the drain should be at least 2 cm.
After the calculation of all parameters, the materials are chosen and mounted a desiccable installation. For surface drainage, plastic trays are used, taking into account the desired slope, directions.
Drainage of the site do it yourself on clay soils - step-by-step instructions on the installation of various systems
Surface type drainage can be organized with your own hands using the scheme and picking materials. A simple system consisting of trays, well and other elements will provide a timely moisture. Surface drainage is complemented by deep or falling on, which enhances the effectiveness of drainage.
Depth Drainage: Step-by-step instruction
To create a deep drainage, you will need pipes. An elements of 110 mm with a diameter of 110 mm are used for the main highway, and for additional channels, the pipes with a diameter of 60 mm are optimal. The well is constructed from concrete rings or insert a special polymer container into the recess. Crushed stone fraction 20-40, large sand, geotextiles are also necessary for creating a drainage complex.
The complex of work includes the following actions:
- For a well, a hole should be pulled out, the depth of which is 2-3 m. Concrete rings are installed from the bottom itself. The finished container is mounted in the same way. On the bottom, sand with a layer of 20 cm, and then crushed stone by 30 cm. In the rings or walls of the finished tank, there should be holes for incoming pipes. The height of their location is equal to the depth of placing pipes in the dials, that is, from the upper edge of about 100 cm.
- Next you need to dug trenches according to the scheme. Their width is 50 cm, and the depth is 120 cm in the main line and 100 cm in the side. The main channels reach the well, while the bias is 5 cm for a 1-line meter of the pipe length. On the bottom of the channels you need to pour sand with a layer of about 20 cm, and then lay geotextiles. The edges of the canvas should be above the edges of the pit. Next, crushed the layer of 20 cm layer, pave perforated pipes with the observance of the slope.
- Docking of pipes with each other is made by coupling or fusey connections. In the field of turns and in direct areas every 25 cm you need to establish audit wells. The height of such elements should ensure their elevation above the level of soil. Audit wells are needed to control the status and cleaning of the system.
- On pipes need to pour rubble so that the filter material is completely covered. Next wrap geotextiles. The space remaining in the trench is falling asleep with sand, and the top layer or decorative gravel is placed on top.
Installation of surface drainage
The depth drainage is designed to eliminate moisture from the soil, and the surface system allows you to prevent water stiring in the upper layer of clay soil. Rain moisture or molten waters are immediately removed into the well, transported by special gutters. This allows remove water from the roof of buildings and avoid the appearance of the puddle on a plot with clay soil.
For the surface system, it is necessary to note on the plan of the area, the direction of the canvas, which should lead to the well. The slope is observed as the same as for the deep drainage. Next, the following steps:
- According to the scheme, the small trenches are hung, which are well trambed. It is necessary to observe the slope of the canvas towards the well or waterballs. If the site has a natural slope, the depth of the channels may be the same. The trench depth is up to 80 cm, and their width is 40 cm.
- On the bottom of the trenches, sand is poured by a layer of 10 cm, and then as much crushed stone of the fraction of 20-40. Next to the filter material you need to pour a concrete solution and immediately install trays for water removal.
- At the end of each line of trays you need to install sandcloths using the same installation method as for the gutters. Drop-rays under the drainage pipes of buildings are mounted on the same technique. All items are well connected to each other, forming a single system. Next, the trays must be covered on top with special lattices.
Operation of drainage
The correct organization of the discouraging system of any type is the key to comfort on a plot with clay soils. The rapid dilution of moisture after the rain allows you to avoid the formation of puddles, high humidity of the air and the destruction of the foundation of the buildings. And also the drainage is practical on the plot where there are plants, poorly carrying water. In this case, drainage databases around these plants should be provided.
During the operation of the deep and surface version of the systems, it is necessary to regularly clean the garbage, leaves, herbs and sand. This allows you to maintain drainage efficiency. And also need to take into account the following features of operation:
- revision wells, sandcloths need to be cleaned regularly from pollution;
- damage to bullied pipes requires their timely replacement;
- before the end of the installation is made, it is necessary to check the pipe or trays of several water vests. Moisture must quickly enter the main well;
- in the clay ground, it is impossible to lay pipes in the plots that are exposed to a large load.
To create a drainage with your own hands, only high-quality pipes and trays should be used, durable geotextiles, crushed stone of medium fraction and large sand. The coupling and other connections are important to carefully fix that it will avoid moisture leakage in the wrong place.
Video: how to make drainage lavety
For a plot on clay ground, the drainage system is necessary, as it allows to eliminate excess humidity. At the same time, the clay soil can settle what requires careful development of the pipe location scheme.
The clay soil on the plot is not a gift, especially in the spring, when it is poured into melting water. But such a plot can be given in a normal state. In this article we will tell how to do.
- Drainage features on a plot for clay soil;
- How to plan a drainage system;
- How to make a shrouded drainage system;
- How to make a surface drainage system.
Why make drainage on clay soil
The clay soil is a sufficient reason to equip the drainage system the first thing after buying a site. The draft drainage system is made on the basis of geological and geodesic studies. Formhouse participants often conduct such work on their own. The composition of the soil can be studied visually, turning the shurt in the depth of at least one and a half meters (this is exactly the average depth of the soil freezing).
At Forumhouse, you can also find out how yourself. The closer they are suitable for the surface, the worse for the site and its owner: if the cov is lower than the base of the foundation 0.5 meters, the water must be removed, placing drainage pipes by 25-30 cm below the CE. With a high cov without drainage, the plot remains wet almost all year round.
Tamara Nikolaev Architect, participant FORUMHOUSE
First you need to determine the level of groundwater if it is less than 2.5 m, the drainage is necessary.
But in the case of clay soils, another attack is added to the underground waters: surface waters that accumulate in low seats. Such puddles are the first sign that in the ground on your site a large clay layer, which poorly passes water.
Surface water is not a ridder. Forumhouse has a detailed analysis of all to live the owner of the site.
So, the user was encountered with this problem with the user of our portal with Nick Brainy: After the rains and shower, at the bottom of his plot of puddles, there are weeks, and the feeling that they are not absorbed into solid, like cement, soil, and evaporate.
Assessing the scale of the problem will help a simple home test: on the site, they break down a depth of a slightly more than a half-meter and pour 5-7 buckets of water into it. If the water does not go to the ground per day, on the site, except for drainage, it will take a storm system that will lead the ridder.
Water that is badly absorbed into the clay soil, harm and landings, and lawn, and the foundations of buildings; In addition, constant dampness attracts mosquitoes. The problem may be aggravated by the location of the site: if it is in lowland, all the surrounding waters will be fluffed to your territory.
Therefore, the house on a plot with clay soil is protected not only with drainage and lavety, but also layer-by-layer grinding ground.
Plan of the drainage system
When planning a drainage system, it is necessary to take into account the available ditches, pits, etc., - after all, we are not in a clean field, we are going to build a house, most likely, the place for water leads is found. It is also necessary to decide whether we will do drainage of the entire site or we will assign water from the base and the foundation. Drainage of the entire site, especially large, it is always a costly and troublesome event, perhaps it makes sense to divide the task of several subtasks and first provide a dry place around the house.
Local, pretty drainage for drying the foundation is mounted at 1.5-2.5 meters from the house, laying the pipes of the building 100 mm below the level of the basement waterproofing.
On the plan of the drainage system, it is indicated where there are trenches, what are their bias, in which place they are connected to the main highway, which goes to the water-driven well, where they are made.
Drainage is designed from top to bottom, and build bottom up.
When drawing up the plan, it should be remembered that under the drainage, it is not allowed to lay pipes where a car and other heavy techniques can ride: the soil in this place will inevitably sleep and hurt the car. In such places, only the drainage of storm sewage is allowed.
Storm sewageit consists of small ditches without pipes directed to the well, which collects water. In these shallow trenches, plastic trays can be inserted and closed with special lattices.
With a swallowed drainage Make a deep trench of 30-50 cm wide, in which pipe-drain pipes with 1.5 -55 mm holes across the entire circumference. The most convenient is considered drain with a diameter of 10 cm. Some of them are equipped with the shells of filtering materials.
The gluned drainage system is formed from the main, main pipeline and pipes with perforation, which are connected to it.
The main pipe is made or in the center of the site, and the drain is connected to it with a Christmas tree, or are paved along the perimeter of a 25-30 cm area below the CE.
This is an expensive scheme that is used in the most difficult case when the site until the middle of the summer resembles a solid swamp.
Evan
Digging from the water receiver - livnestok, ravine or cumulative drainage chamber and up the slope. Drainage is put in a dry trench.
How to make a shrouded drainage
Here is one of the popular and verified drainage systems from Tamara Nikolaev.
- The bottom of the deep (120 cm) trenches are tamped.
- We fall asleep a layer of a large washed river sand - 10 cm. The layer is aligned in accordance with the angle of the slope, carefully tamping.
- We put drainage pipes. Between themselves they are attached to fuse or coupling connections.
According to the construction standards, the minimum bias of drainage pipes should be 2 cm on the pattern of the temporal meter; In practice, 5-10 cm on the trafficphone meter are made for a good runa.
If the site has a sufficient natural slope, the depth of trenches to the well itself remains the same. For pipes of different diameters, a different depth of the slope is required: the greater the diameter, the smaller the slope. Thus, the minimum bias for the turf with a diameter of 10 cm is 2 cm on the pattern.
EVAN participant FORUMHOUSE
Pipes in the filter from geotextile in the clay soil are not put. You can rinse the drilled pipe, and the layer of sludge on the surface of the geotextile is not possible. Pipes in the geotextile filter are placed in sandy gravel soils without the content of clay particles.
- For good penetration of moisture into the pipe in the trench, we spill it with water-permeable materials, such as washed granite crushed stone or gravel fraction 20-40.
- Stelm canvas from geotextile. GT is needed for separating the layers, and it must be polypropylene, since polyester is rapidly decomposed in the ground.
- I smell a layer of large sand.
The thickness of the layers of gravel and sand - from 10 to 30 cm. The denser and waterproof clay, the thicker layer of frustration.
- We fall asleep this cake with fertile soil from trenches.
OSS
I did this (ground-clay): in a trench we fall asleep sand, then geotextile, then 5-10 cm flushed from the sand of the rubble fraction 20-40, then the drainage pipe (remove the GT from it, it is not needed on it), on top of crushed stone Somewhere 20-30 cm, then close geotextiles and from above. All, drainage ready.
To keep track of the work of the drainage and, if necessary, clean the pipes, on the system do viewing wells.
evan
Wells on each turn (allowed after one at a high frequency of installation) - the norm of the management of Moskomarchitecture, indicating 48 of November 20, 2000 g and many earlier. Wells hide under lawn lattices and other ways to decorate.
From pipes, water should enter the water-driven well, which is made in the lowest point of the relief, and accumulate there to a certain level. For its device dig a hole in a depth of 2-3 meters; Concrete rings are installed from the bottom.
The water level in the water-receiving well depends on the depth of the attachment of drainage pipes and on how water will be assigned in the future: usually it is either taken for irrigation, or discharge into a ditch outside the site.
How to make a surface drainage of a clay area
Let's notify: "Surface drainage" experts consider an incorrect term, the term "livnery sewage" is used in construction regulations.
The storm sewage system cannot remove water from clay soil, but it does not allow the formation of puddles on its surface - water will not be stated, and immediately go to the well.
For such a system, there are ditches in a depth of about 80 cm, as well as in a swampling system - under a slope. The bottom falls asleep with a layer of sand (10 cm), which is well trambed, and a layer of rubble (about 30 cm). You can go on, bay layers with concrete and putting plastic trays.
The cause of surface water - stagnation of wax and rainwater in the irregularities of the relief and accumulate this water in the upper layer of soil. That is, the supplementary event should be the padding of the soil into all local decrees, so that the maximum uniform bias is formed throughout the water drainage.
Properly performed pelon - the best prevention of surface waters.
Participant forumhouse da4hik. I bought a plot, revealed the floor to replace it and saw a small pool there: the ribbon foundation was completely filled with water. On the eve of almost ten hours it was raining.
The first thing that our user did - died under the floor with a depth of about 70 cm, which corresponded to the sizes of the found case from a small refrigerator. At the bottom of the sand and a little rubble. In the case for better filling, additional holes have been done. At the bottom of the housing, the siphon fastened from the sink, to which a thick rubber pipe with a diameter of about 60 cm, missed it under the foundation and made a trench toward the slope, where at the end of the site from the old owner remained a brick water well from the old owner.
Now after rains from under the foundation all water goes. And this drainage system not only leads water from under the house, but also works for partial drainage of the site. True, now the dacket has to watered more often, but this is much less evil.
When designing and building a house, it is important to take into account the features of the soils. This refers to their composition, carrying capacity and the presence of ground and surface water. Wet soil is more prone to beagration, which leads to the deformations of the foundation. In addition to directly groundwater, which come to the foundation from the depth of the soil, the surface moisture is adversely on the design, which falls on the soil from the atmosphere.
Water removal systems
The problem of a high water level on the plot needs to be solved comprehensively. To begin with, it is important to carry out geological surveys to determine the level of groundwater and their presence in the soil. For this, a certain number of shurts are arranged, each of which measure the level of copied moisture. These data will be required further for design and drainage.
In general, two types of drainage are arranged on the site:
- superficial, which is a storm sewer;
- depth - to reduce groundwater levels.
The surface drainage is a system of elements through which the atmospheric water is assembled into special trays and ditch and is discharged into the nearest reservoirs, a network of storm sewage or in the soil. Water is collected from the roofs through the chute and the surface of the soil.
The depth drainage is also called the drainage system of the site. They are located under the surface of the soil and is a system of pipelines, water from which is also discharged outside the territory. Drainage of clay soil is especially important, as this soil is not able to absorb water.
Features of clay soils
With well-structured soil, water that appears in excess quantities, the surface itself is left from the surface and from the thickness of the base. Special events are needed. Clay bases are dangerous in that the surface water is unable to dig in them. In some cases, this leads to a plot wetland. This makes it difficult to use it for agricultural purposes, and also leads to a constant threat to the wetting of basements and the destruction of the foundations.
Special requirements for drainage must be installed in such cases:
- For heavy clay soils. Such land is undergoing for long intervals. This is especially dangerous in regions with long precipitation.
- Medium-structured soils in regions with plenty of precipitation. These are light clay and loam, which are generally able to absorb some amount of moisture.
How to make drainage on the clay plot and what materials are used for this? We will analyze this question more.
Materials
What materials are necessary for work? The main element of the drainage is a pipe. For the system use perforated tubes in which moisture from the soil is selected. The tubes are stacked under the slope and connect to the main channel. By which the water is discharged into the well or in the reservoir. In general, the diagram of a device of the deep drainage, regardless of the scope of application (the protection of the foundation, use on agricultural land for the fencing of plants from excessive moisture) consists of such elements:
- Water receiver. For these purposes, or use natural education (rivers, lakes, channels), or arranged wells. For small sites, wells are used more often, in which water from the collectors. From the wells themselves, water seeps into the ground, if it is able to take moisture at a depth, or pumps pumps as it fills in natural reservoirs.
- Main canal. It is paired from the most sublime point of the site to the bottom. On this channel flows all the collected moisture system. For small drainage systems, it is not used.
- Closed collectors. These are pipelines in which moisture is assembled from several drainage pipes.
- Watching wells.
- Drainage pipelines.
Products made of plastic, ceramic holes or asbestos-cement pipes with propuls are used as pipes. Now the perforated pipes from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyethylene (PE) are used. PE pipes are more flexible, which expands the scope of their use. Specialized drainage pipelines have perforations manufactured. For them, filtering systems from coconut fiber or geotextiles are used.
The main advantages of plastic drainage pipelines:
- ease;
- easy installation;
- corrugated pipe wall allows you to protect perforation from dirt sticking;
- flexibility of application.
How to make drainage foundation on clay soil? Consider stages to introduce such a system on a problem area.
Drainage device on clay soil
Before starting work, it is necessary to conduct some calculations and choose the scheme and the materials used. For small sites, this can be done on your own:
- First of all, the relief and slopes are determined. To do this, it is necessary to study the topographic plan or measure the level with a level. It is important to determine the most elevated and least low points on the surface of the site.
- In terms of section, the main canal is paved. It is located from the upper point to the bottom. If a plot without slope, the channel trace arbitrarily. In this case, it is important to arrange a bias artificially.
- Drainage pipelines are being laid in such a way that the distance between them is no more than 10 meters, and they have been glad to the trunk canal.
- Determine water collection sites. To do this, use natural and artificial ditches outside the site or arrange other elements. For example, reservoirs. It can be a decorative pond. Also used team wells. In this case, the water from them is drainaged by drainage pumps. There is also an option that sandy soil will be at the bottom of the well, which can absorb the accumulated moisture.
After preparation and planning, it is proceeded with the device drainage on clay soils with their own hands:
- Perform earthworks. To do this, stick trenches for trunk and drainage pipelines. The depth of the trench is selected depending on the lower level of the foundation. On average, they are placed at a depth of 1-1.5 m. If a house with a basement is planned, then drainage pipes must be opened below the basement floor level. The width of the trench is 0.3-0.4 m. No need to forget about the slope. In addition to the main channel, it is also necessary for the basic drainage pipes at the rate of 1 cm of the slope per 1 m channel or pipeline.
- In places of the wells, pit holes under the dimensions of products.
- The bottom of the trench is lined with geotextiles.
- Crushed stone (10-20 cm) is poured into geotextile.
- Next, there are directly pipelines.
- If necessary, drainage pumps and pipelines are installed in the wells from them outside the site.
- After laying, it is not necessary to immediately fall asleep the system of soil. You need to check it. For this, precipitation is waiting or used water from the hose. It is necessary to check the water duct on all pipelines. If necessary, change the bias or pave additional pipes between the projected.
After checking the trenches, falling asleep. The system is ready for use! Do not forget about regular maintenance and cleaning of drainage wells, livnerymics and canals. The system is designed for work over the years.