Good cuttings in early summer. Shoots are suitable for cuttings, green at the top and lignified at the bottom.
Conifers from cuttings sometimes work out well, and sometimes grow crooked and weak. The trick is to get the cuttings right. Try to choose young plants for the role of mother plants with an even symmetrical crown, which retains its density to the very ground. If there are no other options, you can use old specimens, but in any case, take cuttings from the top of the crown - this way you will have a better chance of getting planting material with characteristics typical for the variety.
Plants obtained from cuttings from old lateral branches often behave like lateral branches throughout their life: they bend, unevenly overgrow with young branches and do not have a spectacular appearance.
Usually, the first roots on coniferous cuttings appear by the end of the season, and on some only after winter freezing. In the fall, the container will need to be buried, for example, in a greenhouse, and do not forget to shade the plantings in the spring if they are in the sun. In late spring, transplant rooted cuttings for growing. To determine if roots have appeared, just carefully remove the cutting from the sand - there is nothing to worry about.
Step 1
With a sharp movement to the side and down, tear off the stalk from the branch so that a "heel" forms in its lower part: a piece of wood with bark.
Step 2
Having previously cleaned the lower third of the cutting from the needles, dust it with a root formation stimulator.
Step 3
Fill the container with wet sand (first spill it with a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate) and make holes in the sand. Use a peg to do this by dipping it into the substrate at a 45 degree angle.
Conifers (though not all) are allowed, as well as by layering, root suckers, grafting. When vegetative propagation all parent properties are preserved, which is the plus.
And the downside is that this method of reproduction is much more difficult and more expensive than seed. The easiest way is grafting.
For cuttings, greenhouses, greenhouses are usually used, or a cuttings are built, which should be placed in partial shade.
They have the greatest rooting ability during the period of bud swelling. At this time, you can cut the cuttings from
- hemlock,
- microbiota,
For cuttings, two-, three-year-old shoots are chosen. it is necessary either in cloudy weather, or in the early morning hours. Cuttings should be taken with a "heel", that is, with a part of the bark.
To do this, you need to take with your hand a shoot 12-15 centimeters long closer to the trunk or branch and pull it sharply up and down. Align the "heel" and put it in the "" solution together with "Zircon" for a day (or at least in a solution of one of them: 1 ampoule for 2 liters of water). The cutting should be immersed in the solution halfway.
The soil for rooting should be fertile, air and moisture permeable, slightly acidic (pH 5-5.5). Peat is best. But for the formation of callus (a thickening that appears at the lower end of the cutting, from which the roots are then formed), the cutting is stuck obliquely, but not into peat or soil, but into a layer of calcined (or at least washed) sand, which is sent over the soil with a layer of about 10 12 centimeters.
It is undesirable to stick the stalk directly into the sand; it is better to first make a hole with a pencil or a stick (so that the bark does not lift up on the stalk). The cuttings should be planted according to the 15 x 15 centimeters pattern. On one square meter about 50 cuttings can be placed.
Arches should be placed above the cuttings, cover them with foil (or cover each cuttings with half plastic bottle). Spray daily (or set up a "foggy" installation), while airing the cuttings, and keep the soil constantly moist, but not waterlogged.
Rooting takes a long time, from a half year to one and a half years. In cypress (thuja, juniper), roots grow first, and then they begin to grow aerial part... In spruce and larch, on the contrary, in pines, the growth of roots and aerial parts proceeds simultaneously.
You can plant rooted cuttings in a year and a half.
Generally speaking, conifers have a great self-defense ability, they are little damaged if they are healthy. The most malicious pests are different types aphids.
You can, of course, process plants with karbofos in early spring before flowering of fruit and berry plants, since at the time of their flowering they leave their wintering places beneficial insects are our friends and plant protectors.
By chance, they can also be destroyed. Better to use "Healthy Garden" (against aphids: 6 grains per 1 liter of water), and even better to use a protective cocktail, not only on conifers, but on all plants in the garden.
To prepare it, it must be dissolved in 1 liter of water
- 2-4 grains of "Healthy Garden",
- 2-4 grains of "Ecoberin",
- 4 drops,
- 4 drops "Uniflora bud",
- 6-8 drops of Fitoverma.
Spraying should be done regularly once every 3-4 weeks: at the very beginning it is small, in early June, in early August, depending on the state of the plants, again in early September.
Conifers in the photo
Occur conifersmainly from North America, Japan, China and Russia (Siberia). Harsh climate conditions biological resistance conifers trees to both lowered and high temperatures, as well as a high need for soil and air moisture, but not waterlogging. Roots with a superficial root system are spruce, thuja, and junipers. They also do not tolerate soil compaction around tree trunks.
A pit for planting and caring for conifers in the garden should be the same size as the root system or earthen coma.
After planting, you need abundant watering, which is carried out even on rainy days. It is needed to settle the earth around the roots. After watering trunk circle, which in size should correspond to the diameter of the crown, mulch with one of following materials: sawdust, peat, sand or just dry earth.
Large-sized conifers aged 10-12 years can be transplanted in two terms - at the end of September and during October and March. Planting material should be packed with a lump of earth in burlap. The brought planting material must be placed in water for two days until the coma is completely wetted. Then the lump hardens after 1-2 days, and only then the plant is planted.
Large planting pits are prepared in advance. If the soil is bad, they are covered with fertile soil. After planting, watering is necessary every 2-3 days, and spraying - every day. New roots are formed in about 1.5-2 months.
A coniferous tree seedling is highly valued, but does not take root well. To get five mature pine trees, you need to plant 25 small seedlings. In such a situation, the question arises, is it possible to grow an ephedra from a seed yourself?
Of course you can, the reproduction of pine obeys general rules, but it has some peculiarities. How to germinate seeds correctly?
Pine propagation: general growth rules
The best conditions for the growth of pine are sandy loam non-acidic soil and wet air... If they are present, the trees will melt up to 40 m, and their trunks occupy two girths in diameter. Such "ship" trunks grow on the shores of the Baltic.
However, pines can grow in less favorable conditions: on acidic soils, with low humidity, poor nutrition. In such conditions, tree growth slows down, and the plant rarely reaches even 10 m.
The more the soil and moisture conditions are removed from the ideal, the more difficult it is for the seed to germinate, and the tree - to reach greater heights. Therefore, the number of germinated seeds in unfavorable conditions is much less.
Pine trees grow - on the seashore and next to a swamp, on the plain and in the mountains (up to 2000 m). The only thing general requirement for all regions of growth - light. The pine tree does not tolerate shading and stops developing when there is a lack of sunlight.
There are two ways to propagate a tree: by seeds and cuttings. The cuttings can be grafted onto another living post or rooted in soil. For pine, rooting cuttings is almost always a losing proposition. But planting a stalk of a rare coniferous tree is easier.
From seed
Reproduction of pine by seeds is the most effective method get your own seedlings. Let's start with the main thing - collecting seeds and preparing conditions for planting.
When to collect seeds for planting?
Pine seeds ripen throughout the fall and mature in mid-winter. At this time, you can collect planting material.
Autumn seeds can also be germinated, but their germination rate is much lower.
How do I get the seeds?
A pine cone that has fallen from a tree is picked up, brought home, put in warm place... If you put a pine cone on a platter or in a box on heating battery, then after a few days its scales will open, the seeds will spill out to the bottom of the plate or box.
Where can you plant?
IN open ground (in spring) and in boxes (boxes, in winter). Planting in boxes is more controlled and gives a higher percentage of germination. In the open field, the seeds are often eaten by rodents.
Is stratification necessary?
No, stratification is not necessary for ephedra seeds, but it can accelerate their growth. Under natural conditions, seeds germinate after winter swelling in cold melt water and after a change in temperature - warming. Can imitate natural conditions - place the seeds in wet sand and place them in freezer... Soak there for up to 2 months, then remove and rinse in warm water, and then put in the sand for further germination.
Soaking and stratification is essential if you want to plant this year's seeds in the fall. Otherwise, they may not germinate. Ripe fresh seeds are placed in water for three days, then in wet sand and in a cellar or in a freezer. Withstand 1 month at + 5 ° C, and then they sit down.
How to prepare the soil?
If it is planned to germinate in the ground, then a pit 30-40 cm deep is set up, at the bottom of which drainage is done (a layer of crushed stone 20 cm thick). When germinating in boxes, holes must be made in their lower part for the outflow of moisture, and a drainage layer is also laid. A soil mixture (earth, peat, sand in equal proportions) is poured over the drainage stones. Rubble and holes provide drainage excess moisture and aeration of the roots of the future plant.
What is the seeding depth?
When planted in a box, small seeds are sown at a shallow depth - up to 1 cm. They can be simply scattered over the surface of the soil and then loosened and smoothed.
Important: keep at least 5 cm spacing between seeds. Why? Seeds can germinate when tightly planted. But when germinating, they raise the top layer of the soil, and open the fragile roots. Barely sprouted seedlings dry up.
When planting in open ground, the embedment depth is also left 1 cm. Make 3 cm furrows and fill them with 2 cm sand. Stratified seeds are sown over the sand to the depth of the furrow. And cover them on top with a prepared mixture of earth, sand and peat. A small layer of peat is poured on top. He warns fungal diseases young pines.
How to water?
For pine seeds to germinate, they need to be moistened frequently. Water quickly goes down from the sandy ground. Therefore, watering is necessary several times a day.
If the plantings are made in boxes, you can facilitate the care of germinating seeds: place the box in a container with water (pallet) and cover it with polyethylene on top. When moisture evaporates, it will settle under the film without leaving the inner space.
When will the first shoots be?
The pine tree germinates approximately one month after planting. During this entire period, it is necessary to moisten the soil and prevent it from drying out (a polyethylene shelter also helps here).
It is important to consider: when planting, make sure that the ground surface is 1.5-2 cm below the level of the box. After seeding the seeds, cover the box with foil. A small layer of air between the ground and the polyethylene will prevent moisture from rising too high.
Propagation by cuttings
Pine propagation by cuttings is a more time-consuming process than seed propagation. Therefore, they turn to him when growing a plant from seeds does not give the desired result (when growing decorative species plants). The stalk is not rooted, but grafted onto the rootstock. Direct rooting of pine cuttings is not done. Due to the small amount of kalyus under the bark, the roots are not formed, the tree does not work.
How to graft cuttings?
- Cooking cuttings - twigs 5-6 cm long, about 5 mm in diameter, there should be a kidney at the top of the twig. We cut them from shoots from 1 to 3 years old. It is best to take the gain of the last year. After cutting the cuttings (needles are removed (cut) from them).
- Select the rootstock tree. It can be an ephedra not older than 5 years. Needles are also cut out from him and side shoots more than 6 cm long. The best place for grafting is a young shoot. He must be sufficiently formed. Therefore, at the beginning of spring, a cutting is grafted onto last year's shoot. And in the middle of summer - to escape the current code, which has already been formed.
Important: you can vaccinate in early spring and in the middle of summer (first half of July). However, the best effect and the highest survival rate are observed with early spring vaccinations.
- The grafting technique is similar to other trees: we cut off the main stem of the stock, take a sharpened knife, and make cuts in its bark around the cut. Refresh the cut of the prepared cuttings (cut again obliquely) and insert into the resulting stump (under the bark, in the place of its cut). Wrap it tightly with twine and close it on top with a piece of cloth and polyethylene (to prevent drying). We leave and wait for the needles to appear from the upper bud.
Grafting a pine tree is more difficult. But growing seedlings from a seed is simple and affordable for every person.
To decorate the territory, landscape designers quite often use in their own compositions coniferous trees... They look great both in individual plantings and in complex plantings. Due to the fact that conifers belong to evergreens, the decorativeness of the site remains all year round.
- Pine varieties
- pests
- and Reproduction Diseases
- Using
Non-specialized pine information
Pine is a long woody plant that belongs to the conifer family. She has a wonderful root complex, main root has the shape of a rod and goes deep into the ground for a couple of meters; long lateral growths extend from it. Some pine varieties can be about 75 meters high.
The trunk is thick, strong, covered with bark, its color is possibly from gray to yellow-red, from time to time peeling. The branches grow from the main trunk and grow stiff as they grow.
On young sites, needle-like needles grow in bunches from 2 to 5. Each year the tree forms many cones, which mature in a year and shed many seeds.
Pine trees are long-lived trees and can grow for over 350 years.
Thanks to the main root that goes deep into the soil and can extract in that place nutrients for wood, green beautiful woman grows both on fertile soils and on sandy and rocky areas. Only a couple of species take root in the city, since the main part of the pine species is highly sensitive to air pollution.
Pine varieties
Popular pine varieties:
- Aristat pine. It's a long evergreen tree with a bushy upper part, which reaches a height of no more than 15 meters. Rarely used in decorative purposes to decorate the site, since it requires regular removal of dead needles from the branches. But it looks great in the form of a bonsai. Has beautiful small buds.
- White pine is mostly seen in Japan. It is a long evergreen tree with straight and few branches and a graceful trunk, closely covered with long needles. It can be about 20 meters high. This variety differs in that bottom part the needles are painted in a silvery tone. Cones are medium in size, ovoid.
- White pine. This variety is widely distributed practically throughout the entire territory of Eurasia. White pine forms a low long tree up to 10 meters with a wide, dense and spreading crown up to 7 meters in diameter. It is unpretentious to the soil and the place of growth and reacts perfectly to pollution and air smoke. Based on this, it is quite often possible to find it in city and park gardens.
- Mountain pine grows in the form of a tree; in cultural and decorative plantations, a multi-stem bush is formed from it. It is unpretentious to the ground, grows well on the Crimean slopes, keeping them from landslides. Quite often used in ornamental plantings. On an industrial scale it is used in the woodworking industry.
Care
When choosing a pine planting site, you need to consider a couple of points. This tree is drought tolerant and does not tolerate waterlogging well. Proceeding from this, it should be planted on well-lit soils with a good drainage system without the occurrence of groundwater.
Pine is not demanding for the soil composition, but it needs a sufficient amount of sand or clay. Before planting, it is recommended to check the soil and, if necessary, add the right amount when digging.
When preparing the hole, it is possible to lay drainage in the form of pebbles or expanded clay on the bottom, and mix the sod soil with clay or sand in proportions of 2: 1.
For the most part, all adult pine trees tolerate winter and frost well. But young trees with tender needles are recommended to be insulated on cold period of the year. For this, it is possible to use spruce branches or other ergonomic materials. So that the disease does not appear in the ground and on trees, it is recommended to systematically remove fallen needles under the trees.
This process can be carried out 2 times a year or as needed.
Reproduction
Pine propagates by seed, cuttings and grafting. For the first method, you need to pick up the ripened cone and reach the grains out of it. This can be done by placing it in paper bag, which, for its part, should be placed in a warm place.
Shake the container with the contents sometimes. When heated, all the petals of the cone open, and the seeds easily come out of the sinuses.
Before planting, the seeds are treated with stimulants to enhance the germination rate. The process is carried out in autumn period... They are sown in wet sand at a shallow depth, the container is taken out into a cool room.
Temperature environment maintained within 1-5 degrees. This can be a basement or any other cool room.
In the spring, containers are brought into a warm room, and the earth is sifted to extract seeds.
They are again sown in the prepared loose and light soil, deepening each seed by 2 cm. A greenhouse is made over the crops by means of glass or film, and the entire container is placed in a bright and warm room. The substrate must be invariably wet, for this it is sometimes necessary to water it with a spray bottle with soft water at a temperature external environment... At the time when shoots appear, the greenhouse can be cleaned. So that the sprouts do not get sick, it is recommended to treat them with a fungicide solution.
Throughout the season, the sprouts are being cared for, it is possible to plant young growth only by autumn, and for the winter to warm them with spruce branches.
When cuttings, all the characteristics of the parent plant are preserved.
This is one of the most ergonomic ways to propagate conifers, in which it is possible to pick up a lot from one tree source material... But the reproduction of pine by cuttings is difficult, a small percentage takes root, and when improper care it is possible to lose all the seedlings.
Pine cuttings:
- Cuttings are performed in spring and to obtain the starting material choose young treenot grown in wild conditions... Young annual branches are selected, which grow upward. The stalk is taken along with the part of the tree to which it is attached, the so-called heel.
- In order for all the resins to come out of the wood, it is recommended to hold the cuttings for about 3 hours in water, after which they are treated with disinfectants. To enhance root growth, you need to hold the branches in the stimulating solution for about 12 hours.
- A container is pre-prepared with a prepared substrate and drainage at the bottom. The land should be light and loose; for this, peat is mixed with turf soil and sand in equal proportions.
- The cuttings are buried 4-5 cm, placing them at a distance of 10 cm from each other.
- At the end of planting, you need to organize a greenhouse and add bottom heating. And if most of the trouble with the first does not appear, then it is quite difficult to organize correct heating at home.
- Gardeners advise placing containers in boxes with semi-rotten compost, manure, or simple autumn pages. During decomposition, enough temperature is released so that the cuttings acquire heat.
- Cuttings are placed in a lighted place, it is possible to root on the street in intentionally prepared beds, for this, the compost is laid out under drainage.
- At the end of the planting, a greenhouse is built.
The rooting period in pine is long, therefore, the seedlings should not be touched in the initial year after planting. A good root population will grow only by the end of the next fall, provided that the cuttings were planted in the spring.
Diseases and pests
From pine diseases to decorative plantings blistering rust or seryanka is much more common. It is possible to notice by yellow bloom at the ends of the needles. Such trees are not treated, they are removed from the site and destroyed.
In order to prevent the disease, it is necessary for preventive purposes to systematically treat trees with preparations containing copper in the composition.
The most popular pests that can attack a tree are aphids and caterpillars. For the most part, they settle on the edges of young shoots and damage the buds and needles. They can be removed with special insecticides by treating all plants and trees that grow nearby.
Using
Pine is used in many industries. Its wood has a soft structure, which makes it easy to process and prepare carved home decorations, furniture, as well as build houses from it. In addition, this tree is quite often used by landscape designers to decorate a site near the house or to compose an alpine slide.
Many conifers own medicinal features. Folk recipes quite often include young shoots or pine cones. They make tinctures, medicines and lotions.