Modern estate cannot be imagined without coniferous plants. If earlier, not at each dacha could be seen a single "New Year's Christmas tree", then today, thanks labor assortmentoffered to garden centers, coniferous steel with a mandatory component of a garden mixboarder and an unchanged decoration of any plot. True, many have faced the fact that the price of the planting material of coniferous, compared to leafy shrubs and trees, is slightly higher and is not always available to ordinary dachensons. Having mastered the simple techniques of breeding coniferous plants, everyone can replenish its collection with new varieties and decorate their plot.
In this way, you can get a large number of Plants for creating, coniferous arrays or stroking slopes.
In addition to the seed (generative) reproduction, which is known for varietal plants, it does not apply for varietal plants, because it does not fully maintain parental properties, coniferous multiplies with cuttings and vaccinations (reproduction by vaccination is practiced if the hauling is difficult and for obtaining strambl forms). The easiest way that gives a quick result is a sealing of semi-resistive and weathered cuttings.
What types of conifers are amenable to cutting cuttings?
It is useful to know that different types And even varieties of one species can be stupid with great or less success. Representatives of cypress collections (Cupressaceae) - Thuja, Microbiota, Cypress, Tauevik and Thick (Tahasaei) are easiest. Representatives of pine (Pináceae) are very difficult: spruce, tsi, pseudootsuga. It is almost impossible to multiply with cuttings, fir and larchs, for them just use seed reproduction and vaccination.
How to choose a masterpiece?
For a good result, it is also necessary to take into account a number of factors, since the violation of only one of them can be reduced to the entire preceding work.
First you need to choose the correct Musician - adult plantFrom which you are going to cut the cuttings. Best rooted shoots taken from young, active specimens of 4-8 years. In plants older than 10 years, the ability to rooted decreases.
It is useful to know that it matters the location on the crown of the royal plant of shoots, designed for cutting on the cuttings. Salted and bush coniferous scene of the cutting line does not play a role, you can choose the most developed part, well-lit by the Sun (especially in the Pestro painted varieties). At and pyramidal plants for overlooking take the first-third order shoots in the center of the crown. Saplings from such cuttings will be guaranteed to keep the form of the parent grade crown. On the other hand, knowing this property, you can get an empty or almost sharpening copies of ate or tees, using sidelines, growing horizontally branches.
Stacking time
It is also important to choose the right time for cutting cuttings. The beginning of spring is considered the most successful. After winter cooling and relative rest at the very beginning of the Softness, it is better for cloudy weather and early in the morning, when it is not hot and there is no drying winds. Completed in early spring Cuttings are rooted this year. With summer shine at the beginning of the weighing and hardening of the young in the first year, only Calleus is formed, and the roots are the next year. It is also possible to carry out shirts after the end of the active growth and the beginning of the decoration of shoots in August or weighing shoots in September-November, then rooting them will occur only the next year.
Cutting technology Chenkov
Not all sorts of cuttings are suitable for rooting. Since the formation of callus and conifer roots continues from several months to a year and more, too thin and weak cuttings are depleted and driving long before rooting. Depending on the type of plant, for cuttings take annual side shoots About 5-15 cm long. In the graval forms of the thuy and cypressov, the cuttings can be 20-30 cm, and juniper and a little more. The shoots with the "heel" (part of the wood of the previous year) are well rooted, which are not cut off the motherboat, and take off with a sharp movement down, capturing a part of last year's wood (too long "tail" of the bark can then be cut off with a knife).
More often the cuttings are cut by a knife or a sharp secateur, making a cut on 0.5-1 cm below the beginning of the plane of the decoration, which can be seen on the transition of green in brown. From the bottom of the cutting (2.5-4 cm from the base or approximately 2/3) remove all the cheops and side small twigs. The wrecks formed on the escape also stimulate the root formation. Try not to damage the top point of growth in the cuticle, otherwise the seedling will be very busy in the future, especially in golden forms.
In the open and sharpening juniper for reproduction, you can use 2-3 year old shoots, pushing them in the sand or loose air-permeable soil by 2/3 of length. They quickly root (1.5-2 months) and by the end of the season you can get a small bush.
Predset preparation
Sliced \u200b\u200bcuttings of conifers need to fall into the ground as quickly as possible. They usually do not put them in the water so that there is no blockage of the vessels of the secreted resin. If you need to store cuttings for a while, it is better to sprinkle them with water, wrap wet cloth And put in the package in a cool place.
Harvested cuttings can be lowered for several hours into the solution of the root formation stimulator, even better in the stimulator powder, point the cut before planting in the ground. Different preparations containing beta-indolylux acid salts (IUC), heteroacexin, corperinal (salt of beta-indolyl-oil acid), salts are used as stimulants of root formation amber Acid (Yak), root, ribav + micrassa, etc. There is information that the long-term maintenance of conifers in aqueous solutions provokes the destruction of the cortex, so it is recommended to use powders for watering.
There is also one interesting technique: on the end of the cutlets make longitudinal cuts with an acute end of the knife or split the base to 1 cm deep, to expose the large surface of Cambia, the cells of which are easier to form roots.
Where and how is the rooting?
The rooting of cuttings can occur from several months to a year, so it is important to choose and thoroughly prepare a place to land up harvested cuttings. The best results can be achieved by disembarking the cuttings in the boxes with loose, air temperature, for example, in a mixture of sand, coniferous soil and a runaway peat in proportions 1: 1: 1, which are placed in or greenhouse. Best Terms The air temperature and substrate 21-24 ° C are considered and the relative humidity of 95-100%. The temperature of the soil for medium- and hard-rooted rocks (thuja, cypressovik, tees, spruce, tsugs, pseudotens) should be 3-5 ° C higher than air temperature. Low temperature and high humidity May lead to reinclocky. In warm shelving greenhouses with electric heating and fog-forming installations, rooting and the quality of the posteriorier is 15-25% higher than in cold greenhouses.
In a greenhouse or a greenhouse, the perfect cleanliness is maintained, not allowing the formation of moss, they ventilate, remove plant residues and deceased cuttings. Periodically landing is treated with a solution of a fungicide to prevent the posting.
If cuttings are a bit, at home, you can use mini greenhouse or cover containers glass cans, film or plastic bottles, cut in half. Also, the cuttings are planted in prepared beds in a secure, sexualist place.
For successful rooting, cuttings need multiple light, quite intense for photosynthesis and formation in the needle of a special phytogormon needed for root formation.
Shiny coniferous landing
First you need to make a hole with a wooden peg, and then insert a cutlets vertically or at an angle of 45-50 °, depending on the type of mother plant, the morphologically upper side of the escape upwards, tightly crimping the ground around the cutting tree. The depth of planting depends on the size of the cutting and rock. It is more often planted on a depth of 1-1.5 cm to 2.5-5 cm. The distance between the cuttings in the rows of 4-7 cm, between the rows of 5-10 cm. After landing, the beds are neatly watered through the fine sieve, trying to noise all the soil layers , covered with a frame and shape.
Care for steern
Dynamically care for landings before rooting is needed. The landing is regularly watered, not allowing the overflow and stagnation of moisture. The soil must be moderately wet and aircraft. A greenhouse or a greenhouse needs to be ventilated, and in warm weather landing spray with water, preventing overheating above 30 ° C. Periodically, the beds are watered with solutions of fungicide and epin.
After some time, after landing at the bottom of the cut, a callus begins to appear (from lat. Callus - corn) - tissue neoplasm on wound surfaces (cracks, cuts, at the base of cuttings, etc.), promoting healing wounds, consisting of parenchymal cells having a form Influx (sometimes in the form of a thin layer or "cottage cheese"). Then the roots appear. However, even with a powerful Callyus, the cuttings may not develop roots and eventually die. The rooting begins in 3-4 months, but dates for different breeds are different. After rooting the cuttings and the formation of growths, the greenhouses begin to convex for quenching young plants. In summer, the formation of the roots can be slowed down, and in September they continue again.
Juniper roots are formed earlier than shoots, at the same time, both shoots and roots, and spruce and larch first shoots, and then only roots. Callus in firings and pines appear in the first year, and the roots are only on the second.
Permanent landing
It is clear that rooting conditions differ from the requirements of adult plants. Therefore, the cuttings are rooted and the young plants are growing in a special protected place, then, at will, they can be in containers and only for the next year to land at a permanent place according to the requirements and a presence of the species and variety. Also, young plants can be left to grow for another 2-3 years, since it is precisely after transfers that the greatest number of attacks occurs.
We hope our tips will use all novice gardeners and help make your estates even more beautiful and more comfortable.
Victoria Roy.
Landscaping designer
Especially for the Internet portal
Garden Center "Your Garden"
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It is very interesting for me to analyze how tastes and addictions of people have changed to one or another food products over the centuries. The fact that was once considered delicious and was the subject of trade, over time he lost its value and, on the contrary, new fruit cultures conquered their markets. Quince has already been cultivated for more than 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century d. N. e. About 6 varieties of quince were known and then the ways of its reproduction and cultivation were described.
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Conifer breeds in the photo
Coniferous plants occur, mainly from North America, Japan, China and Russia (Siberia). Stern climate causes biological stability coniferous rocks trees both to reduced and high temperatures, as well as a high need for soil and air moisture, but not overlapping. The rocks with the surface location of the root system are ate, thui, juniper. They also do not tolerate soil seals around the trunks.
A pit for landing and care for coniferous trees in the garden should in size to fit the root system or earthen to whom.
After landing, abundant irrigation, which is carried out even in rainy days. It is needed for the settlement of the earth around the roots. After watering rOCKwhich in size should correspond to the crown diameter, mulch one of the following materials: sawdust, peat, sand or just dry earth.
Big coniferous plants at the age of 10-12 can be transferred in two times - at the end of September and during October and in March. The planting material should be with a lump of land, packed in burlap. Brought planting material It is necessary to put in the water for two days until the coma is completely injected. Then, after 1-2 days, it will clarify, and only then the plant is planted.
Large landing pits are preparing in advance. If the soil is bad, they are falling asleep with fertile land. After planting, watering is necessary every 2-3 days, and spraying - every day. New roots are formed by about 1.5-2 months.
To decorate the territory, landscape designers are often used in their compositions. coniferous trees. They look great both in separate plantations and complex landings. Due to the fact that conifers belong to evergreen plants, the decorativeness of the site remains all year round.
Pines treat trees long-livers and can grow more than 350 years.
Thanks to the main root, which goes deep into the ground and can get there nutrients For wood, green beauty grows both on fertile lands and on sandy and rocky areas. Only a few species are coming in the city, since the main part of the pine varieties has increased sensitivity to air pollution.
Popular Pine Sorts:
- Pine Aristat. This is perennial evergreen tree With a bush upper part, which in height reaches no more than 15 meters. Rarely used B. decorative purposes To decorate the site, as it requires regular removal from the branches of dead needles. But it looks great in the form of a bonsai. It has beautiful lumps of small size.
- White pine is mainly found in Japan. This is a perennial evergreen tree with direct and elegant barrel and a few branches, thick-covered long cheese. In height, it can reach 20 meters. This variety is characterized by the fact that bottom part The needles are painted in a silver tone. Middle cones, egg-shaped.
- White pine. This variety is widespread practically throughout Eurasia. Pine white forms a low perennial tree up to 10 meters with a wide, thick and spreaded crown to 7 meters in diameter. It is unpretentious to the place of growth and soil and reacts well to the smoke and air pollution. Therefore, it can often be found in parks and city gardens.
- Pine mountain grows in the form of a tree, in cultural and decorative plantings of it form a multi-rolled bush. She is unpretentious to the soil, grows well on the Crimean slopes, holding them from the collaps. It is often used in decorative plantations. In production scale is used in the woodworking industry.
When choosing a landing site of pines, you must consider several points. This tree refers to drought-resistant and poorly tolerate soil fever. Therefore, it is necessary to plant it on well-lit lands with good drainage system Without groundwater running.
To the soil composition of the pine is not demanding, but it is desirable to be enough sand or clay. Before landing, it is recommended to check the earth and, if necessary, to make the required quantity with a pinch.
Preparing the well, you can put on the bottom of the drainage in the form of pebbles of whether the ceramzite, and the ferrous land is mixed with clay or sand in proportions 2: 1.
Mostly all adult copies of the pines are well tolerated winter and frost. But the young trees with gentle cheese are recommended to insulate on cold period of the year. To do this, you can use a sweetheart or other comfortable materials. In order to in the soil and in the trees there were no diseases, it is recommended to regularly clean under the trees that fell housing. This process can be spent 2 times a year or as needed.
Pine reproduces with the help of seeds, vaccinating and. For the first way, it is necessary to take an overwhelmed bump and get grains from it. This can be done by putting it into a paper package, which in turn is in turn in a warm place. Capacity with content periodically shake. When heated all the petals of the bumps open, and the seeds easily come out of the sinuses.
Before boarding are processed by stimulating agents to enhance the percentage of germination. The process is carried out in autumn period. They are sown in wet sand on a small depth, the container is carried into a cool room. The air temperature is maintained within 1-5 degrees of heat. It can be a basement or any other cool room.
In the spring of the tanks are entered into a warm room, and the soil sifted, getting seeds.
They are again sessoled into the prepared loose and light soil, blocking each seed 2 cm. Above the crops is made to greenhouse with glass or film, and the whole container is placed in a light and warm room. The substrate should be constantly wet, for this it is necessary to periodically water it with a soft water sprayer with a temperature ambient. When shoots appear, greenhouse can be removed. So that the sprouts are not sick, they are recommended to be treated with a solution of fungicide. Throughout the season, care is being care for the sprouts, it is possible to plant young people only by autumn, and for the winter to insulate their sweetheart.
With soot, all signs of the parent plant persist.
This is one of the most convenient ways reproduction of coniferous plants at which from one tree you can take a large number source material. But the reproduction of cuttings is difficult, a small percentage is rooted, and when incorrect leaving You can lose all seedlings.
Sale of pine:
- Conduct in spring period and to obtain the source material choose young treenot grown in wild conditions. Selected young annual branches that grow up. The stalk is taken along with a part of the tree to which it is attached, the so-called heel.
- So that all the resins come out of the wood, it is recommended to hold the cuttings about 3 hours in water, after which they are treated with disinfectants. To enhance the root growth, it is necessary to hold the sprigs in the stimulating solution of about 12 hours.
- Prepare a capacity with a pre-prepared substrate and drainage at the bottom. The soil should be light and loose, for this peat is mixed with sand and turfs in equal proportions.
- The cuttings are plugged at 4-5 cm, having them at a distance of 10 cm from each other.
- After landing, it is necessary to organize and add bottom heated. And if the first problems basically does not occur, then at home to organize the correct heating is quite difficult.
- Gardeners are recommended to place the containers in the boxes with a semi-earning compost, manure or ordinary autumn leaves. In the process of decomposition, there is enough temperature so that the cuttings receive heat.
- Place cuttings in a lit place, it is possible to root on the street in specially prepared beds, for this compost is laid under drainage.
- After planting, building greenhouses.
The period of rooting in pine is long, so you should not touch the seedlings in the first year after landing. Good root system Only by the end of the next autumn, provided that the cuttings were planted in the spring.
From soster diseases in decorative landings Most often there is a bubble rust or saint. This can be seen by yellow Ripple At the ends of the needles. Such trees are not subjected to treatment, they are cleaned with a plot and destroy.
To prevent the disease, it is necessary to regularly process trees in preparations with drugs containing copper in the composition.
The most common pests that can attack a tree, it is a wave and caterpillars. Basically, they settle at the edges of young shoots and damage the kidneys and chew. They can be removed by special insecticides, processing all wood and plants that grow close to.
Used in many industries. Her wood has a soft structure, which makes it possible to easily process it and cook carved decorations for home, furniture and even build houses. Also, this tree is often used by landscaped designers to decorate the site near the house or the preparation of the Alpine slide.
Many coniferous trees possess medical properties. Folk recipes Often include young shoots or pine cones. Of them make tinctures, medicines and lotions.
More information can be found from the video.
Probably, many gardeners occurred to the idea of \u200b\u200bbreeding. This is quite real! The shower of conifers can be carried out both at the beginning of summer in the ground and winter at home.
To multiply coniferous plants with cuttings best manifests the cypressian, the juniper and the tears (larch easier to multiply the seeds, and the spruce is generally weakly stalling). Green shoots with a lorded bottom protrude as cuttings.
Take shoots with young thick and smooth plants, as a result, not to get curved and weak. If there is no section on the "youth", then in an adult coniferous plant, choose cuttings from the top of the crown. From the side branches should not take shoots, since then the plant can be bent, not to have a beautiful pyramidal form and the gifts of the denotomy will be uneven. If at the chance you broke the branch of a coniferous plant, do not hurry to throw it out, there is a cutlery with a heel and root from it.
Silence coniferous in the ground
From the branch of the coniferous plants, we tear the stalk with a heel, i.e. With a piece of wood. Cut the coniferous needles with the bottom third of the cutting (if they are there) and lower it in the root formation stimulator.
The sand is a renink strong (dark pink) with a solution of manganese and pour it into a container. Talk at an angle of 45 ° Make the holes with a depth of 3 cm. Sweep the cuttings of conifers for rooting at a distance of 5 cm. At the base of the cuttings, press the sand by filling out emptiness. Cover the landing with a transparent package or a jar. Put in the shaded place and regularly ventilate and water.
In the fall container jack in the greenhouse.
If the spring container will be lit by the sun, then it will be necessary to take it.
In the end of the spring, the cuttings are transplanted for the growing, pre-checking the presence of roots (get neatly sand cuttings).
Silence coniferous at home
For winter reproduction, cuttings of Tui, cypressovka and juniper are suitable:
In the spring, when mass landings begin (Mai), rooted cuttings of conifers are planted for growing in a full-warning place.
After 1-2 years, young coniferous plants can be transferred to a permanent habitat and immediately think about the future.