Our grandmothers, growing strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, were not particularly worried about mulching. But today this agricultural practice has become fundamental in achieving High Quality berries and reduce crop losses. Some might say it's troublesome. But practice shows that labor costs in this case pay off handsomely. In this article, we invite you to get acquainted with the nine the best materials for mulching garden strawberries.
Succulents are very versatile. Despite the fact that “kids” have always been considered more fashionable, the assortment of succulents with which you can decorate modern interior, it is worth taking a closer look. After all, colors, sizes, patterns, degree of pricklyness, influence on the interior are just a few of the parameters by which you can choose them. In this article, we will talk about the five most fashionable succulents that surprisingly transform modern interiors.
Mint was used by the Egyptians as far back as 1.5 thousand years BC. It has a strong aroma due to the high content of various essential oils with high volatility. Today, mint is used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetology, winemaking, cooking, ornamental gardening, and the confectionery industry. In this article, we will look at the most interesting varieties mint, and also talk about the features of growing this plant in the open field.
People began to grow crocuses 500 years before the advent of our era. Although the presence of these flowers in the garden is fleeting, we always look forward to the return of the heralds of spring next year. Crocuses - one of the earliest primroses, whose flowering begins as soon as the snow melts. However, the timing of flowering may vary depending on the species and varieties. This article focuses on the earliest varieties of crocuses that bloom in late March and early April.
Shchi from early young cabbage in beef broth is hearty, fragrant and easy to prepare. In this recipe, you will learn how to cook delicious beef broth and cook light cabbage soup with this broth. early cabbage it cooks quickly, so it is placed in the pan at the same time as the rest of the vegetables, unlike autumn cabbage, which takes a little longer to cook. Ready cabbage soup can be stored in the refrigerator for several days. Real cabbage soup is tastier than freshly cooked.
Looking at the variety of varieties of tomatoes, it is difficult not to get confused - the choice is very wide today. Even experienced gardeners he is annoying sometimes! However, it is not so difficult to understand the basics of selecting varieties “for yourself”. The main thing is to understand the peculiarities of culture and start experimenting. One of the easiest tomato groups to grow are varieties and hybrids with limited growth. They have always been appreciated by those gardeners who do not have much time and energy to care for the beds.
Once very popular under the name of room nettle, and then forgotten by everyone, coleuses today are one of the brightest garden and indoor plants. They are not in vain considered stars of the first magnitude for those who are looking primarily for non-standard colors. Easy to grow, but not so undemanding as to suit everyone, coleus require constant supervision. But if you take care of them, bushes of velvety unique leaves will easily outshine any competitor.
Salmon backbone baked in Provence herbs is a "supplier" of delicious pieces of fish pulp for light salad with fresh wild garlic leaves. The mushrooms are lightly fried olive oil and then drizzle with apple cider vinegar. Such mushrooms are tastier than ordinary pickled ones, and they are better suited for baked fish. Ramson and fresh dill coexist perfectly in one salad, emphasizing the flavor of each other. Garlic sharpness of wild garlic will saturate both the flesh of salmon and pieces of mushrooms.
Conifer tree or a shrub on the site is always great, and a lot of conifers is even better. Emerald needles of various shades decorate the garden at any time of the year, and phytoncides and essential oils, secreted by plants, not only flavor, but also make the air cleaner. Generally, most zoned adults coniferous plants, are considered very unpretentious trees and shrubs. But young seedlings are much more capricious and require competent care and attention.
Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics in the shade flowering trees have long been an integral attribute of the meeting of spring in the Country rising sun. Financial and academic year here begins on April 1, when the magnificent sakura blossoms. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese pass under the sign of their flowering. But sakura also grows well in cooler regions - certain types can be successfully grown even in Siberia.
It is very interesting for me to analyze how people's tastes and preferences for certain foods have changed over the centuries. What was once considered tasty and traded lost its value over time and, conversely, new fruit crops conquered their markets. Quince has been cultivated for more than 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century BC. e. about 6 varieties of quince were known and even then the methods of its reproduction and cultivation were described.
Make your family happy and make themed Easter egg-shaped cottage cheese cookies! Your children will be happy to take part in the process - they will sift the flour, combine all the necessary ingredients, knead the dough and cut out intricate figures. Then they will watch with admiration as the pieces of dough turn into real ones. Easter eggs, and then with the same enthusiasm they will eat them with milk or tea. How to make such original cookies for Easter, read in our step by step recipe!
There are not so many decorative and deciduous favorites among tuberous crops. And the caladium is a true star among the variegated inhabitants of the interiors. Not everyone can decide to start a Caladium. This plant is demanding, and first of all - to care. But still, the rumors about the unusual capriciousness of the Caladium never justify. Attention and care allow you to avoid any difficulties when growing caladiums. And a plant can almost always forgive small mistakes.
We have prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply elementary dish for you today. This gravy is one hundred percent universal, as it will suit every side dish: vegetables, pasta, and anything. Gravy with chicken and mushrooms will save you in moments when there is no time or you don’t want to think too much about what to cook. Grab your favorite side dish (you can make this ahead of time to keep it hot), add gravy and dinner is ready! A real lifesaver.
Among the many different varieties of these most popular vegetables, we will talk about three that are distinguished by excellent taste and relatively unpretentious growing conditions. Characteristics of eggplant varieties "Diamond", "Black Handsome" and "Valentina". All eggplants have a medium density pulp. In "Almaz" it is greenish, and in the other two it is yellowish-white. They are united by good germination and excellent yield, but in different time. Everyone's skin color and shape is different.
Independently perform the reproduction of clematis and grow them on personal plot absolutely not difficult. These flowers are propagated in two main ways: vegetative propagation and seed breeding.
Grow hybrid clematis with large flowers seed method is impossible, due to total absence in plants grown from seeds, a set of signs and properties that were originally determined by nature. Seeds are used to propagate clematis, which have small flowers.
Reproduction of clematis seeds
With the help of which you can replenish the collections of species plants, as well as select new varieties of these flowers at home. harvested seeds various kinds and clematis varieties have unequal germination, which can be maintained sufficiently long time if the material is contained in paper bags at room temperature.
Small seeds should be sown in spring period which falls in April or May. Planting large seeds is carried out in the fall. Large seeds that have been stratified can be sown in the spring.
Planting boxes or plastic seedling pots should be filled with a mixture based on fertile soil and sand, after which the seeds are planted and covered with a layer of sand. Crops should be irrigated, if necessary, weeding should be carried out. For irrigation, it is recommended to use water at room temperature, which should be defended in bottles. It is advisable to cover the planting with a film or glass, which will accelerate the emergence of seedlings.
When the rules of care are followed, as well as favorable weather conditions, the mass emergence of seedlings is observed after about a month, depending on the variety and type of plant.
You can learn more about growing clematis from seeds.
Reproduction of clematis cuttings
In late spring, when the earth warms up enough and the plants begin to grow, the optimal time comes for propagation of clematis with green cuttings.
You should definitely wait for the buds to appear. At this stage, the shoots have a significant amount of natural biostimulants, and cuttings cut correctly will take root quite easily. You can not cut the cuttings after opening the buds on the plant.
- It is best to cut cuttings from lateral young shoots that have grown as a result of previous pruning. Such cuttings have the best data for high-quality rooting.
- You can not cut more than a third of all shoots from one plant.
- Cut shoots need to be divided into cuttings with one or two nodes, which will allow them to be easily rooted.
- The top of the handle should end three centimeters above the knot and have a straight cut. For the lower part, the distance should be ten centimeters from the knot, and the cut should be oblique.
- Landing is carried out in standard planting soil.
It should be remembered that after pruning clematis for propagation by cuttings, the parent plant needs to be fed with a complex based on mineral fertilizers. This procedure helps to accelerate the growth of new shoots and nourishes the injured flower.
Cultivation of clematis (video)
Propagation of clematis by layering
No less often, clematis is propagated by layering. This method is characterized by efficiency and simplicity. The use of layering allows you to get at least two well-rooted plants during one season. From adult bushes it is possible to get a dozen of such layers.
- In the spring, you should dig a groove next to the bushes with a depth of no more than twenty centimeters, about a meter long. The groove must be filled with loose soil with the addition of humus.
- The vine, or shoot, which is a meter or a half long, should be bent down to the groove and sprinkled with a layer of soil with a thickness of ten centimeters. The resulting area needs to be watered and weeded.
- As the shoots from the buds grow on the buried stem, they should be gently but carefully spudded with earth and watered from bottles with a thin stream of warm water.
At the end of summer, a powerful and healthy root system. Dropping one vine allows you to get two or three full-fledged seedlings. The next summer after planting them, you can observe the full flowering of the plant. The highest quality planting material can be obtained when the parent bush receives the correct care.
Reproduction of clematis by division
The option of propagating clematis bushes by division is very popular with flower growers. As a rule, the division method reproduces clematis, whose age is three years. Older bushes may break when dividing. In addition, the survival rate of mature plants is not too high and they require significant maintenance.
It is advisable to divide clematis at the end of August or in spring. August is the optimal period due to the presence of fully formed vine branches in the plant, which are almost impossible to injure or break off. However, during this period it is often too hot, which can prevent the plant from quickly rooting. It is for this reason that division is more often performed in the spring, when rooting occurs as quickly as possible, and the plant does not require significant care.
Reproduction of clematis by division should be carried out in this order:
- Trench the parent bush from different sides, followed by carefully pulling the plant out of the ground.
- With help sharp knife or shovels to divide the plant into bushes with a root system and young shoots.
- Dry the sections, followed by dusting them with ordinary powdered activated charcoal.
- Dig a new planting hole and water it well, and then plant the plants a little higher than the parent bush was buried before.
- The soil around the planted plant should be mulched, and the main care is to water as the soil dries.
When transplanting by division in August, it makes no sense to perform such a care event as top dressing. Spring planting requires top dressing after a month. At this stage, the plant is almost completely rooted.
planting material requirements
You need to know the basic requirements that apply to the planting material of clematis:
- autumn planting requires the presence of developed vegetative buds on the plant;
- for spring planting clematis must have at least one shoot;
- on seedlings there should be at least three roots with a length of ten centimeters.
Plants with a weak root system must be placed in special containers for growing. It is required to use exclusively healthy planting material, and the root system must be elastic and free from damage, discoloration, thickening and swelling.
Care after landing
Clematis need care, which consists in regular watering, weeding, fertilizing, as well as systematic loosening of the soil. For top dressing, it is better to use humus.
It is highly recommended to use Strawberry Concentrate for feeding after planting, as well as a copper solution. The lower part of the trunk should be treated with wood ash, it is also worth mulching using moss or humus.
It should be remembered that almost all types of clematis require shelter on winter period. Failure to comply with this requirement may lead to cracking of the bark of the plant as a result of severe frosts, and if the damage is too massive, the risk of plant death increases. The exception to the rule can only be very winter-hardy varieties. It is also allowed not to cover the plants if the growing region has a warm climate.
Clematis: reproduction and care (video)
Clematis is increasingly found in countryside and summer cottages flower growers of our country. In order for the plants to take root well and delight with beautiful flowering, you need to know how to care for it, and be able to properly propagate clematis, correctly choosing the method and timing of work.
On the site site, there was a post aboutbreeding clematisBut the method of propagation of clematis by lignified cuttings, which will be considered now, is completely different. Please read carefully and see the differences.
Of all the methods of propagating clematis, rooting with lignified cuttings is the most optimal, but also the most difficult, with the exception of the method of propagating clematis by grafting (I’ll write it somehow).
Cuttings are taken in autumn, which is necessary condition care for clematis, promotes the awakening of dormant buds in the spring, improves the growth and development of plants. But the rooting of such cuttings is difficult, because in autumn the plant prepares for deep dormancy and its growth is inhibited. In order for the kkematis cuttings to go through a dormant period, they are stored for a certain period (I store until March), at a lower temperature.
Lignified cuttings of clematis should have one or two nodes. Be sure to treat them with plant growth stimulants. The solution is poured into glass, porcelain or enameled dishes and clematis cuttings are lowered there, tied in bunches of 20-25 pieces. so that the solution does not get on the kidneys.
If powder is used, the lower end is first dipped in distilled water, then in powder. For processing lignified cuttings clematis the following stimulants are used: 0.05% heteroauxin, 0.05% β-indolylbutyric acid, 0.03% y-3-indolylbutyric acid, 0.03% α-naphthylacetic acid together with 0.005% -m kinetin in powder form; for cooking a solution of 200-250 mg of heteroauxin, 50-70 mg of β-indolylbutyric acid, 50 g of α-naphthylacetic acid is dissolved in 1 liter of water.
Processing time 15-24 hours. For processing, the concentration and processing time should be half as much. For amateurs, purchased heteroauxin or root is quite suitable.
Processed cuttings of lignified clematis are planted obliquely in boxes in a mixture of peat and sand (1:1 or 2:1) so that the lower end is 3 cm deep and the upper end is 1 cm deep. The boxes are placed in a cool place, the substrate must be moist .
In March, as soon as etiolated shoots appear, they are brought into the greenhouse, where the temperature is gradually increased to 15 ° C, after 3 weeks - up to 20 ° C. Watered as needed. When young shoots reach 10 cm, they are pinched, which promotes rooting.
After 90 days roots are formed (average rooting percentage 80%). The boxes are transferred to a greenhouse, watered and fertilized with a full mineral fertilizer(0.10-0.15 g / l of water).
In winter, when stored in boxes or in a pit, greenhouses are covered. The next spring, clematis cuttings are planted in pots or on ridges. By autumn, plants can be planted in a permanent place.
Clematis is a fairly young garden crop that is rapidly gaining popularity among gardeners. It's pretty unpretentious plant. With proper care, it can delight with its flowering until late autumn. Clematis includes many different varieties. Such plants are ideal for decorating arbors or pergolas in their summer cottage.
Sooner or later, every gardener begins to wonder about increasing the number of plants. How to propagate? bred most often. This method the most popular.
Consider everything existing options how to propagate clematis:
cuttings;
. dividing the bush;
. layering.
Method number 1: how to propagate by cuttings
The clematis from which the cuttings will be cut must be healthy, otherwise the transplanted processes will also hurt and may simply not take root in a new place. Cuttings are best cut at the time when buds begin to form.
Usually shoots are separated, which are then cut into cuttings: it is enough that they have one kidney. For quick rooting, it is desirable to use special preparations.
Method number 2: how to propagate by dividing the bush
Unlike the plant used in the first method (how to propagate by cuttings), clematis, which is propagated by dividing the bush, should be 4 to 6 years old. Plants that more years, it will be very difficult to separate due to the powerful root system.
Transplantation is carried out in autumn or spring. old bush dug up, divided into several parts and planted in new places. You can partially undermine the bush and separate the necessary part with the roots.
Method number 3: how to propagate by layering
Not at all a laborious way to breed clematis. In the spring (you can also apply this option in the fall), small grooves up to 10 cm deep are dug from the bush. side shoots, fixed in the ground and sprinkled with earth. Layering is desirable to water abundantly. And in no case should plants be allowed to dry out during the hot period. It is possible to transplant new clematis to a permanent place in a year.
Some types of clematis can be propagated by seeds. This method is relevant for small-flowered species. Varietal large-flowered hybrids are not propagated by seeds, because new seedlings do not retain the properties of the mother plant. Therefore, clematis are most often propagated with green cuttings.
Despite the fact that these flowers have become popular in Russia relatively recently, they are conquering everything every day. big love among gardeners. And this is not surprising. The ease of care and the extraordinary beauty of the flowers, plus the unpretentiousness, adaptability of the plant to withstand the harsh Russian winters make clematis more and more popular every year, especially since the bushes do not require transplantation and can grow in one place up to 30 years.
And if the question arose "how to propagate", it is very simple to breed clematis with cuttings, as we found out. And if acquaintances or neighbors smell fragrant bright colors such a wonderful flower, then maybe you should ask them for a small process?
Every lover of such wonderful and diverse vines as clematis can propagate his favorite variety without difficulty. I offer my own way. It is suitable especially for those people who have no time, or who rarely visit the sites.
I do it like this.
I take an old leaky bucket. I pour earth from the garden into it, and I have it black soil. I water it well with water and put it right against the wall with north side Houses. It is very important!
This bucket, in which the cuttings will be planted, should not be exposed to direct sunlight, as the temperature will rise in it and they will burn.
In summer, at sunrise and sunset, the sun illuminates this place with its oblique rays, which is useful for cuttings.
preparing old film(it is also possible with holes) to cover the bucket and aluminum arcs from above, which, with their ends, go deep into the bucket. The arcs hold the film at a height of 10-15 cm from the ground in a bucket, but after the cuttings are planted in this container. Arcs are important both for creating a microclimate in the greenhouse, and for water to drain during rain.
I cut cuttings from clematis shoots with one node in June and July.
Clematis varieties have leaves of various sizes. I remove one leaf from the handle, and it is most often complex and consists of three to five leaves. Another sheet, if it is large, I shorten it by a third, and if not, then I leave it completely.
I plant from 20 to 30 pieces in a bucket, depending on the variety and size of the bucket (they also come in different sizes). I cut clematis lashes with a blade, with one knot and a length of 4-6 cm. I do this in shady place and immediately immerse them in a bucket of water so that they do not lose moisture.
I plant the cuttings in a bucket of black soil, deepening them to the kidney. I put arcs and cover with a film, which I tie with a rope or copper wire at the upper edge of the bucket. It is in such a simple greenhouse that the cuttings are kept until autumn.
Once every two to three weeks, it is better to water the soil a little in a bucket. In October, I choose rooted cuttings by turning the bucket over and carefully removing a clod of earth. Rooted cuttings are still weak, and I keep them in the cellar in the sand until spring. Growing one more season. In autumn, they can be planted in a permanent place.
All materials for a greenhouse can be easily found in a landfill in your area if something is not available at home.
How to plant a seedling?
If you purchased a seedling in the spring, then I think that it is best to grow it for another season in a semi-dark place, and if possible, then in a container without a bottom (for example, in a bucket).
In late August-September, plant in the ground in a permanent place according to all the rules. In the south of Russia, you can plant in October and even in November. If clematis seedlings were purchased late, in October-November, then it is more reliable to keep them in wet sand in the cellar until spring.
It is best to make a hole 60 × 60 cm, as recommended by experts. Leave the upper fertile layer, and lower part replace with fertile soil by adding humus (2-3 buckets), 50 g of superphosphate, 3 cups wood ash and 100 g of complex fertilizer.
It is necessary to plant a seedling with a deepening of the root neck (the place where the neck of the stem passes into the root) in the fall by 10-15 cm. First, fill in the roots. Make out in advance plastic bottle cylinder, cutting off the top and bottom of it. Put this cylinder on the escape and pour sand into it. Pour soil from the sides to the cylinder.
Then carefully remove the cylinder. Pour the sand and the seedling with a strong solution of potassium permanganate. It is necessary for prevention fungal diseases, of which the most dangerous is vegetative wilt.
His symptoms are like this.
Suddenly, the tip of the shoot begins to wither, and in the following days, the leaves on the entire shoot are affected. Control measures: cut off the shoot to the ground and burn. Treat the soil and seedling with a strong solution of potassium permanganate.
Sand is also needed because it will be easier for sprouts to break through to the surface of the earth in spring. This is important for our heavy soils. Such dangerous pest, like a bear, also does not like places where the soil is loose. This insect breathes atmospheric air, and in the sand its passages collapse. For the winter, I cover the shoots of clematis like this. If they bloom on the shoots of this year, then I cut off the shoot to the first bud. If they bloom on last year's shoots, then I shorten the shoots by a third of their length and turn them into a ring. Carefully and gently handle the stems of clematis - they are very fragile.
On top of the shoots of clematis I put leaves (you can sawdust, humus, etc.) and cover with roofing material, or film.
Please note that clematis tolerate frost well, but they cannot stand the combination of water plus frost, and the shoots freeze out.
So, in winter they must be strictly kept dry! Clematis freely tolerate frosts up to 15 degrees without any shelter.
In the spring, do not rush to remove the shelter. I first remove the roofing material, and only then, when the soil finally thaws, then the walnut leaves.
It is best to shade the shoots first so that they get used to the sunlight. Part of the shoots dries up. I cut them out after the growth of new stems begins.
How to grow clematis from seeds?
If you have already collected a small collection of clematis, then you will have a desire to breed your hybrids. Clematis form few seeds, and they are difficult to germinate - up to 250 days. This process can be accelerated. I see some seedlings bloom as early as next fall.
In October I collect seeds in plastic cups and leave them near the bushes until December. I have a lot to do in my garden. It is useful if snow or water gets into the cups with seeds.
In December, I bring them into the house, thaw and clean the seeds from the shells. I sow the seeds in wet sand, sprinkling them a little bit (0.5 cm), in baby food jars. I sow 10 pieces and clearly write the labels - from what variety of clematis they are collected and when.
It is very important that in the room where they will be, the temperature was above 20 degrees. Otherwise, the germination process slows down. Sprouted seeds and necessarily (!!!) with white (etiolated) sprouts are planted in pots with fertile soil and tied with a film for two to three weeks. I put them in the penumbra of the house, on the windowsill on the north window, and in May - on the north side of the house.
I remove the film when leaves appear on the shoots. If you hurry, then the tender shoots dry out in the open air, as they are accustomed to wet.
Somewhere in a month I transplant from cups directly with a clod of earth into large containers (I have these buckets) and expose them to light.
They grow there until autumn. Planting seedlings in autumn good quality into the ground, and if they are rather weak, then I keep it in the wet sand in the winter until spring in the cellar.
The selection of promising hybrids should be carried out in the second or third year of flowering. This should be treated very critically and responsibly, since many seedlings are small-colored, with weak flowering and bad shape flower. They are destroyed.
I sow seeds from free pollination and do crossbreeding. I pick a flower of one variety, turn it over and tie it to a flower of another variety with a thin copper wire. Be sure to write a label. This will be useful in the future. You will see for yourself how the color and shape of the flower of this mother plant have changed.
We propagate clematis - autumn methods
hilling
In autumn, at clematis, I cut off shoots at a height of 15-20 cm from the ground, spud the bush with fertile soil by 10-12 cm and cover it with any warming material until spring.
In the spring, I enclose the plant with boards, fill up the ground so that it is convenient to water and the water does not spread. During the growing season, roots form on the lower part of the shoots.
I remove boards for the winter.
Next spring I rake the ground, cut off the shoots with roots and plant them.
seeds
- You can sow at the end of November. I soak the collected seeds for 1.5 days in warm water then rinse 3-4 times. I mix it with sand or peat (1: 4) and send it to the cold for 15-20 days, burying it in snow or putting it in the refrigerator.
- Then I sow in pots to a depth equal to 2-3 seed diameters.
- To prevent the appearance of mold, rot, for the first time I water with lime water (100 g of lime / 10 l of water). Shoots appear in 60-90 days.
In the next season, it is necessary to regularly water the sprouts that have appeared.
Clematis seeds germinate better if the substrate humidity is about 70-80%, and the temperature is + 25-30 degrees.
Most effective - layering
- Lignified shoots are laid horizontally in grooves dug next to the bush up to 1.5-2 m long and 5-10 cm deep.
- I press it to the ground with wire staples or wooden studs, leaving tops with well-developed buds above the surface, and fall asleep with fertile soil.
- I always feed the uterine bushes with mullein or urea in the spring (according to the instructions).
- By mid-June, on the basis of growing shoots, the rudiments of roots will become visible, which by the end of the month will reach a length of 2-5 cm, and by the end of September, roots up to 10-15 cm long will already form in most nodes.
- Rooted shoots are best separated in the spring of next year. I clean them from the ground, cut them between the nodes into separate parts and (depending on the degree of development of the root system) plant them in a permanent place.
When propagated by horizontal layering, up to 10 plants can be obtained from one shoot per season.