Modern school education in France is a must. No "I want", "I don't want" - all children from six to sixteen years old must go to school! French system school education consists of twelve classes and is built in such a way that the students, as if on a podium, climb from the eleventh class to the first. And after the first class - the final graduation class beautifully completes the journey for knowledge. School education standards in France have been unchanged for almost one hundred and fifty years, their main principles are:
- Education is compulsory. This item guarantees access to education for children from dysfunctional and problematic families. Regardless of the views of the parents, the child will receive a school education, because the parents are obliged to provide it for him.
- Secular education. That is, the religious component is completely excluded from school curricula. Thus, children from families of different religious denominations are in the same conditions. If parents wish to give their child a religious education, they can enroll him in Sunday schools at churches or synagogues.
-Education joint. Children of both sexes study in the same classes, one school programs. No exceptions for persons whose religious or Political Views do not coincide with this principle, is not provided. School education in France is built on the principle of gender equality.
These principles vividly express the essence of school education in France - equality. Every child, regardless of gender, religion, financial condition and different views of their parents has the right to receive and will receive a basic education without fail. At the same time, the slightest discrimination on any grounds is completely excluded. Children of different nationalities, religions, races, genders acquire the same knowledge at school and have equal rights.
School education in France: a journey into adulthood
In general, French schooling takes thirteen years. The first two classes are non-compulsory pre-school education, but they are very important for preparing for the “big school”, so almost no parent ignores this stage.
In its structure, it differs markedly from the usual school in the understanding of the inhabitants of the post-Soviet space. The education of school-age children is divided into several stages, each of which is an independent unit.
School levels
1. Mother school or preschool education– up to six years (optional)
2. Primary School- six to eleven years old
3. The first cycle of high school - college
4. The second cycle of secondary school - lyceum
Primary school education in France consists of five grades and has a common program, without division according to the level of knowledge and bias in one or another specialization (humanitarian, mathematical). children study French, mathematics, learn about the world, develop artistically, learn to live together - subjects of this particular orientation are included in primary school education. Since the counting of classes goes backwards, the primary school education programs are divided into the following courses:
1) 11th grade - preparatory
2) 10th grade - primary, first year
3) 9th grade - primary, second year
4) 8th grade - middle, first year
5) 7th grade - middle, second year
Homework in elementary school is officially prohibited, but in practice this prohibition is not respected. At the end of the first five grades, children take their first exam in their lives and receive a certificate of completion of elementary school.
Secondary school education in France: college
At the age of eleven, young French people move on to the next stage of their lives - they go to college. The college belongs to the first of two parts into which secondary school education in France is divided. Includes four classes, from the sixth to the third. And although the end of elementary school ends with an exam, all children are accepted to college, regardless of test results. Moreover, due to the fact that the college is part of the school system, it is mandatory for all children of the appropriate age to attend.
1) 6th grade - adaptation. The general program without specialization, the study of a foreign language is introduced.
2) 5th grade - the first part of the central cycle of the college. Preparations for the choice of specialization begin. The subjects "chemistry" and "physics" are added to the curriculum.
3) 4th grade - the second part of the central cycle. Starting from this class, the program includes a second foreign language as a compulsory study and Latin as an elective.
4) 3rd grade - professional orientation. At the age of fourteen, school education in France gives teenagers a choice in which of three areas they will continue their education: general, technical, vocational. For those who wish, there is an opportunity to study the ancient Greek language or the modular package “Professional life. Introduction".
As after the first stage of school education, college graduation is accompanied by the passing of a state exam and the issuance of a national certificate.
But this is not the end of compulsory schooling. The final verdict on where the student will continue schooling rests with the class council, but in consultation with the student and their parents. And if for some reason decision does not suit the side of the student, parents have the right to challenge such a decision.
Secondary school education in France: Lyceum
After graduating from college, following the results of its graduation, teenagers continue their education in one of the following areas:
2nd grade general lyceum
2nd grade of technological lyceum
Vocational lyceum, the completion of which gives the young man a profession and a certificate of professional suitability.
A professional lyceum in half the cases is a point in the general education of a young Frenchman who completes his school education in this particular educational institution. Professional lyceums have a shortened program of two courses. Young people receive a working profession and have the right to complete their studies. A professional lyceum diploma does not give the right to enter a university. To gain access to the bachelor's exam, you need to take an additional preparatory class.
The purpose of general education and technological lyceums is precisely to prepare for the exam for the status of a bachelor. The training cycle in them is three years:
2nd class - by tradition, neutral
1st class - with in-depth specialization. The program is very extensive, students choose those subjects that correspond to their personal abilities and / or interests. At the end of the first grade, a compulsory French language test is taken, the results of which will be taken into account a year later, during the bachelor's degree examination.
Graduation class - finishes school education in France. Its main goal is to prepare students for the bachelor's exam.
In France, there are no uniform certificates of secondary education. Depending on the specialization, graduates of general education lyceums receive certificates of one of three types:
Literary orientation
Orientation towards natural sciences
Economic orientation
In addition, certificates with a specialization in natural sciences are divided into specializations of a narrower focus:
Services sector
industrial technologies
Medico-social
Laboratory technologies
Technological lyceums prepare technological bachelors and give the right to continue education in the specialty for which the technological lyceum prepared. Such training is suitable for those young people who, at the age of fourteen, have clearly decided on their future profession.
In general, school education in France has a rather complex structure, but is aimed at revealing the individual abilities of each child.
School education in France: regulations
The school year for French students begins in September, but each school determines the specific date for the start of classes on its own. This will determine when to go on summer holidays, which in France last not three, but two months and begin in July. There is no specific date either, everything is determined by the start of classes in September.
Weekends in schools in France are Sunday and Wednesday. Why is Wednesday the day off? This is due to the old tradition of the French to devote Wednesday to the religious education of their offspring. The tradition is lost, but the day off remains.
Primary school education includes 24 teaching hours per week and is divided into two daily blocks of three hours: from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00. There are 27 school hours in high school, there is also a Saturday morning block, but many schools are increasingly abandoning it, spreading Saturday hours over the remaining four school days. During lunch break, children can go home or play on the school playground and eat in the school cafeteria.
In addition to the state, in France there is a large number of private schools. Approximately 17% of total students are enrolled in private educational institutions, which may have a program similar to that of public schools, but may also develop their own. Public school education in France is free, textbooks are also paid from the country's budget. But parents are required to buy stationery on their own, and it is also their responsibility to pay for school trips.
“In the middle of the fifth grade, my daughter, a student of a Moscow school, one of the hundred best in Russia, began studying at a provincial French college - an analogue of our high school. She did not know French at all. Mercy, bonjour, silvuple - do not count. Today, the most terrible threat to her is the promise to send her back to Moscow to study.” "Mel" has already written about how in France and, and today we are publishing a monologue of a mother whose daughter is studying at a French college.
For those who work at school and love their profession very much
Under the gaze of the school administration, I was always shy. But, as it turned out, the administration can be friendly and hospitable. We were surprised by the complete acceptance on the part of the college: if you live on our territory, then you will study. Lacks required document Don't worry, bring it back later. We took our word for previous estimates. No daughter was subjected to any tests. Need to study? Will learn. Difficulties arise - we will help. “Maybe we should write her down a class?” I asked. "Why? Let him learn with his age! But if there are a lot of problems, it is better to repeat this year. But I’m almost sure that it won’t come to that,” the director gave me hope. And not a hint about any tutoring for money.
French College / Photo: devoirscmbaste-quieta.eklablog.com
In a college in a town with a population of three and a half thousand people, about 450 children aged 11-15 study. These are the sixth, fifth, fourth and third grades (here reverse class numbering), four or five parallels each, 25 children per class. The college attracts children from the surrounding tiny towns and villages. To do this, there are free school buses of six different routes.
At the agreed hour, the bus picks up children from specially equipped stops and certain hour returns there
For safety reasons, children are required to wear a bright yellow vest with the symbols of the department.
The French, as you know, are not strong in English, so my daughter's rather lively spoken English is a weak help. And yet, having learned that her daughter spoke English, the mathematics teacher, in order to explain at least something to her, began to bring a French-English dictionary with her to the lesson. Fizruk was not lazy to resort to the help of an Englishman from parallel class. Other teachers actively used drawings and pantomime, so that sometimes everyone laughed together. Nobody complained. Nobody called us, didn’t sound the alarm, didn’t get indignant, didn’t ask for help.
Lesson in a French college / Photo: franceinfo.fr
We were also sent to an association that helps children learn. The cost of assistance in learning French is five euros per year. For these five euros, a teacher comes to college and teaches her French during private lessons. The schedule has individual lessons for each student, each has his own subjects, which he pulls up, and if there is nothing to pull up, he studies in depth.
What is La vie scolaire
La vie scolaire, which in translation "school life" is a division in the school, consisting of six people, three girls and three young people aged 21 to 35. They have a special office where every child can go on any issue. The task of "Viskol" is to solve all organizational issues. One meets students at the gate, the other is on duty in the dining room, the third marks the passes and monitors attendance. La vie scolaire organizes extracurricular work, helps to find lost things, resolves conflicts between children and so on.
Cabinet la vie scolaire / Photo: lyc-durand-castelnaudary.ac-montpellier.fr
The school day in the college starts at 8.30 and ends at 17.00 (Wednesday at 12.00). It seems like a long time, but my daughter, returning home, does not look tired. Firstly, the lunch break lasts an average of two hours, which allows not only to eat without haste, but also to truly relax. In addition, there are two more breaks of 15-20 minutes and a few small ones - just to move from class to class.
At big breaks, children are forbidden to be in school - they must breathe fresh air and move
Pupils walk in the school yard: they play ping-pong, ball games, just walk in groups, communicate, chat with pets from La vie scolaire, who look after the children on the street and often take part in their games.
Change / Photo: eduscol.education.fr
Children also have a rest on etudes which are in the schedule. You can have time to do your homework on them, or you can go about your business, the main thing is to sit quietly and speak only in a whisper.
There is no school uniform in the college. There are no changeable shoes. Not even a dressing room. Jackets children carry with them from class to class. But everyone has lockers with locks, where children store books, sportswear, so as not to carry heavy things. Despite the fact that everyone wears street shoes, the school is always very clean, and my daughter has never seen a cleaner. Probably, unlike our formidable fairies with floor rags, angrily screaming after the children, the French cleaners do their work during the lessons, and therefore the students do not interfere with them.
The highlight of the school is lunch
“If I don’t feel like getting up in the morning, I remember what a delicious lunch awaits me at school,” said her daughter after a month of study. It was the dinners that became, perhaps, the most striking first impression of my daughter from the college. For the first two months, she enthusiastically described the menu in detail every day, and I, along with her, never ceased to be amazed at its diversity. The names of the dishes sounded like restaurant ones, and their composition made me salivate and even desire to cook something similar to the guests. The main dishes on the menu have never been repeated in the first two months.
The daughter is surprised by the care: if there are grapefruits among the fruits, then they will definitely be offered sugar in a bag
Sugar relies on both strawberries (suddenly for someone it is not sweet enough), and natural yogurt. They give a piece of butter to the radish, and a slice of lemon to the fish. It surprises us, but if you think about it, it's normal. It is just as normal as it is to serve dishes beautifully for children, cultivating in them a love of beauty, and not bad habits.
French school canteen / Photo: france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr
The employees of the dining room are smiling, they do not scold the child, even if he dropped the tray. But he must clean up after himself.
The cost of a school lunch is two euros 10 cents, that is, approximately 150 rubles (parents pay once a trimester). Given that the minimum wage here is several times higher than in Russia, the price for such a chic dinner is more than modest.
How students are taught to love sports
TRP standards in French schools do not pass. The main thing is sports leisure during changes. Many children come to school with their own ping-pong rackets, balls (although all this can be taken from La Vie Scolaire). And the very fact that children are required to go outside during breaks and move, and not stand with their hands on a smartphone by the window, is important. By the way, using phones in college is strictly prohibited. For disobedience, the child's phone is confiscated for 24 hours. I thought that the fact of the ban would greatly upset my daughter, but it turned out that at the age of 12 she is already quite capable of appreciating all the advantages of gadget-free leisure.
Sports competitions / Photo: blogs.crdp-limousin.fr
Physical education lessons are completely different here. They are more complex and interesting. The teacher insures each child when performing complex acrobatic and gymnastic exercises. In addition, children are taught to play a variety of sport games: ping-pong, handball, badminton, football.
Competitions are organized throughout the year different types sports between colleges. For example, in May, my daughter had rugby and football matches
The whole class takes part, even if the child has never tried himself in this sport before. To my surprise, after the rugby competition, my daughter fell in love with this unpopular sport in Russia and now wants to play it.
Winners in sports cross / Photo: asanatolefrance.canalblog.com
Why the 20-point grading system is better
In France, a twenty-point grading system has been adopted. My daughter believes that such a system better reflects your level of knowledge, more accurate, with her "you can't be free". And also, in her opinion, when there are only five grades, but in fact there are three, the teacher involuntarily stretches the grades for her favorites and underestimates those whom she dislikes. And I agree with her. When a teacher has 20 points in his arsenal, then the criteria for grading are more clear, therefore, the probability of an accurate and unbiased assessment is higher. Every mistake counts. And not just a mistake.
In order to get a score greater than 17, you need to give something "outstanding": an original thought or solution. With a five-point system, these efforts are difficult to evaluate. The five gets both the one who tried very hard, and the one who just did it soundly. It kills the desire to do something outstanding. And in certain cases, a four can be received by one who “has a lot of corrections and no errors” and one who has as many as three errors. To children, this, of course, seems unfair.
Photo: europe1.fr
I liked the system of “reporting” of the school to parents. Every semester, parents receive their child's report card by mail. It lists all subjects and grades on a twenty-point scale, rounded to the nearest hundredth, for example, 14.72. But the information that a parent can glean from the report card does not end there. It has columns that show the student's score in all subjects in previous semesters to gauge progress.
For each subject, the average mark for the class is indicated - you can quickly see what the child’s progress is compared to others
But that's not all. For each subject, the lowest mark in the class and the highest mark are indicated - this way you can even better see how good the child's progress is. For example, I see 14.72 in math - it may seem that this is lower than I would like. But, after reviewing all the columns, I understand that with such a score, she is among the best.
IN last column report card, each teacher writes his opinion about each child. For example: “The student is very good and motivated. Shows progress despite difficulties with the language, but attention should be paid to the handwriting and the design of the works. Or: "An excellent result, there are clear abilities that the student is systematically developing." In addition, it is indicated how many hours of classes the student missed, and how many of these hours are not supported by documents.
Photo: bfmtv.com
I don't know how much good knowledge my daughter will have after graduating from this provincial college, but I see that she goes to it with great desire and pleasure and does not want to miss a day. And I think this attitude is worth a lot. Sometimes I even envy her, for example, when she tells how the lessons of geography, music and fine arts, I immediately have a desire to penetrate these lessons as a student.
Back to Moscow school? Never!
I know that using threats is not pedagogical, but in moments of weakness, when my teenage daughter drives me to despair with her behavior, I sometimes threaten to send her back to a Moscow school. She begs me not to do this because she does not want to go back to where they "walk in formation", on class hour learn the slogans, where the dining room smells sickeningly, and tasteless food must be managed to swallow in 10 minutes. Where the cleaning lady can “shout for nothing”, and during breaks you can’t run and play ball, where students are herded into the assembly hall to listen to the speeches of an official or a priest who arrived in a Mercedes with security.
We habitually scold our system of secondary education for its conservatism and sluggishness. However, there is a country on the European continent with no less problems in this area. And that country is France. The foundations of the modern school education of the Fourth Republic were laid back in 1963 by Christian Fouche, who was then Minister of Education. It was at this time that it was decided that French youth should receive compulsory general incomplete education. Then they were free to choose between getting a full secondary education in lyceums, in order to then enter higher educational institutions (directly to the university or after a year of preparatory courses in higher schools), training in vocational schools and work.
The structure of the French education system
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Further education |
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Primary School |
High school (college) |
high school (lycee) |
high school |
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University |
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Since then, little has changed. Education in primary schools in France begins at the age of six and lasts for five years. The first grade of elementary school is called preparatory, the second and third are elementary, and the fourth and fifth are secondary. Primary school education is free for all French citizens.
Compulsory education in France continues at the secondary school (college), where primary school graduates enter at the age of 11. The high school course is designed for four years, and the college classes are numbered in reverse order - from the sixth to the third. The course of the sixth grade is adaptive (mathematics, French, history and other general disciplines are taught), the fifth and fourth grades are central (physics, chemistry, Latin and a second foreign language are introduced), and the third grade is orientational (teaching of special subjects begins, in-depth the study of which will be continued in high school).
At the age of 15, college students move on to high school, or lyceum (lycee). The course of the lyceum is designed for three years, and the classes are called the second, first and graduation (terminale). Education in high school is specialized. Lyceums in France are divided into professional (lycee professionnel), apprentice training centers (CFA), general education (general) and technological (technologique). The last two types of lyceums give the right to enter universities. General education lyceums are divided into socio-economic (BAC-ES), natural science (BAC-S) and philological (BAC-L), and technological lyceums are divided into scientific and industrial (STI), service (STT), laboratory research (STL) and medico-social (SMS).
Based on the results of high school studies, its graduates are awarded a bachelor's degree (baccalaureat, abbreviated as BAC). Graduates who fail after two attempts at the bachelor's degree exams are issued a high school diploma, which makes it impossible to enter the university. The bachelor's degree is perceived in France as the first stage of higher education and corresponds to the Russian concept of "incomplete higher education". Therefore, high school occupies an intermediate position between secondary and higher education.
The adopted education system assumed that French students would attend a secondary school in their place of residence, which would allow mixing children from different social groups and to prevent segregation on the basis of nationality, as well as the position held by parents. However, in reality, the native French began to leave the quarters actively populated by people from the Maghreb, which had been liberated from colonial dependence. Therefore, schools in certain areas began to lose teachers, and with them more talented students. Accordingly, the prestige of certain public schools fell, while others rose.
The French public is now trying to rectify the situation, but this complex problem outdated and requires considerable time and, above all, funds. Children, on the other hand, tend to grow every year, and parents cannot wait for the issue to be resolved. Theoretically, you can take children to study from one district to another, but in practice, schools take children from nearby families, and for those who are not included in this radius, there are huge queues. For example, according to the Express newspaper, up to 1,700 applications are received in Paris alone with a request for a place in a lyceum that is not located in the territory of residence. Of these, only 250 petitions are satisfied. The Nouvelle Observater also reports that nearly 2,000 students out of 14,000 applicants for admission to the second, also called preparatory, class of the Lyceums of the Bouches-du-Rhone expressed their intention to change schools. The request was granted only by a quarter of those who wished.
Only the children of lyceum teachers are in an exceptional position. They can study at the same educational institution where their mother or father works, officially.
What is left for other parents to do? As their children grow older, they are forced to rent housing or buy property in areas where good schools are located. Otherwise, do not pass the final exam (bak) and, therefore, do not get a higher education.
As a loophole for admission to the chosen school, the conjuncture of filling places in one or another narrow specialization can also be used. For example, the study of rare languages such as Chinese, Japanese or the same Russian.
To avoid such a headache, everyone large quantity wealthy French people prefer to send their child to the non-public sector of secondary education.
What is different good school from other secondary schools. According to the Nouvelle Observatory, they are distinguished by a high percentage of graduates who successfully passed the tank, as well as a percentage of those who entered the preparatory class of high school and successfully completed three years before passing the final exams. Similar data to create a rating of the best secondary schools in France in 2006, the newspaper draws from such an open source as the French Ministry of Education.
When choosing a secondary school in France, it should be borne in mind that foreigners can enroll in a public school only on condition that the school administration assumes the function of a formal guardian. A third-party organization registered in France and having an official agreement with the school can also act as a guardian. Therefore, state schools are not included in the summary table. For her, by analyzing data from over 150 private schools, those of them were selected that have a boarding house where foreign students can live. And for a more detailed description, schools representing various regions of France are taken.
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School name |
% who handed over the tank |
% of those who successfully completed their studies for three years before passing the tank |
Highest rated specialization |
# candy dates, handing over a shikh tank |
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Lycee Lacordaire |
general education |
Natural Sciences |
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Aix-en-Provence |
Lycee De La Nativite |
general education |
Natural Sciences |
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Natural Sciences |
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compiègne |
Lycee Notre-Dame-De-La-Tilloye |
general education |
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Lycee De La Providence |
Natural Sciences |
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Lycee De La Sainte-Famille |
general education |
Natural Sciences |
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Lycee Montalembert |
general education |
Natural Sciences |
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Lycee St-Joseph-De-Tivoli |
General and technological education with a predominance of general |
Natural Sciences |
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General and technological education with a predominance of general |
Natural Sciences |
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Villeneuve-sur-Lot |
Lycee Ste-Catherine |
general education |
Natural Sciences |
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General and technological education with a predominance of general |
Technology |
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Lestel-Betarram |
Lycee Notre Dame De Betharram |
general education |
Natural Sciences |
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Lepi-en-Velin |
Lycee Notre-Dame-De-France |
General and technological education with a predominance of general |
Natural Sciences |
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General and technological education with a predominance of general |
Technology |
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General and technological education with a predominance of technological |
Natural Sciences |
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General and technological education with a predominance of general |
Natural Sciences |
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Institution Des Chartreux |
general education |
Natural Sciences |
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Lycee Beausejour |
General and technological education with a predominance of general |
Technology |
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Lycee Emmanuel-D'alzon |
General and technological education with a predominance of technological |
Natural Sciences |
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Montpellier |
Lycee Notre-Dame-De-La-Merci |
General and technological education with a predominance of general |
Natural Sciences |
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Lycee La Perverie-Sacre-Coeur |
general education |
Natural Sciences |
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Lycee Du Sacre-Coeur |
General and technological education with a predominance of general |
Technology |
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general education |
Natural Sciences |
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General and technological education with a predominance of general |
Natural Sciences |
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Lycee Des Francs-Bourgeois |
General and technological education with a predominance of general |
Social and economic sciences |
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general education |
Natural Sciences |
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Lycee Notre-Dame-De-Sion |
general education |
Social and economic sciences |
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general education |
Natural Sciences |
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Lycee Du Sacre-Coeur |
general education |
Natural Sciences |
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General and technological education with a predominance of technological |
Natural Sciences |
School education in France is considered one of the best in the European Union. If earlier Russians were rarely interested in the issue of obtaining a secondary French education, now for many it has become relevant. In a prosperous European country hundreds of Russian families move every year. In order not to interrupt the education of children, they are sent to French educational institutions.
Having received a kindergarten base, children in the future easily get used to school. Moreover, on the basis of the "mother school" they receive the basis of preparation for writing and the basics of teaching the language.
In kindergartens, kids are divided into 3-4 groups of educational cycles. The GS level is two elementary grade general education school.
Ecole élémentaire - the beginning of the educational process
The first steps in elementary school also begin with the preparation of children. Six-year-olds enter the SR - a preparatory course. Up to 11 years of age, education goes in 7 areas:
- Artistic.
- Mathematical.
- Native language.
- Native speech.
- Knowledge of the world.
- Life together.
In addition to education as such, children are taught social literacy, which allows them to adapt in the future in a multinational society and start a family.
After the first preparatory year, children go through several stages: from Cours élémentaire to Cours moyen 2, each subsequent stage is more difficult than the previous one.
As a result, at the age of 11, they are ready to move on to the next level with a more sophisticated program - college. After 5 classes of primary school, children move on to the level of secondary education.
French college
This stage takes 4 years. As a result, students receive a brevet - a certificate stating that they have received an incomplete secondary education.
This is what a brevet certificate from a French college looks like
The four-year training is divided into 3 stages:
- Adaptive. In the 6th grade, 11-year-old French people bring together all the knowledge that was gained before college. At this stage, students learn to study independently, choose their first foreign language.
- The central stage includes 2 years of study in grades 5–4. In the 5th year of study, new subjects are added. Children are invited to study physics and chemistry. Depending on their abilities, students are offered a choice of additional subjects, for example, optional Latin. At the 4th year of study, the child can choose another foreign language. The purpose of this stage is to prepare for the choice of profession. Further education of children depends on the results of this level.
- Career guidance. The last 3rd grade can be conditionally considered the first stage of adult education. The student gets the opportunity to choose between three directions:
- vocational education;
- technical;
- general.
At this stage, you can start learning the ancient Greek language. At the end of these stages, the child takes an exam. And, regardless of his results, he goes to the Lyceum, where he deepens the skills and knowledge that high school in France gives.
Pay attention to the video: studying at a college in France.
After graduating from the 3rd grade, the student chooses the type of lyceum, depending on the previously determined direction. For Russians, the purpose of French colleges will be clearer, if we draw an analogy with domestic education, they are an analogue of our vocational schools, where a person receives a profession.Lyceum education in France
The educational system of the country provides for 3 types of lyceum education in 2019:
- Professional.
- Technological.
- General.
The first type requires the student to have two more years of training in a particular specialty. After completing 2 courses, a teenager receives two documents: a certificate of professional suitability and a certificate of professional education received.
None of the documents gives the right to continue studying at the university in 2019. To become a student, one should continue the lyceum education and after the third year of study, get a professional bachelor's degree. This became possible after 2005.
Two other types: technological and general, are designed for three years of study. During this period, French youth are educated in a certain direction. Those who chose the general type have a general education.
The bachelor's degree, which they receive after passing the exams, will be of a general type and will allow them to enter a university. As a result of studying in technological lyceums, students receive a technological bachelor's degree. It also gives the right to enter a higher educational institution, but only within the framework of the chosen specialization.
A few words about higher education in France
Higher education in the country is provided free of charge. The basis for obtaining it is a lyceum certificate (bachelor's degree) or a foreign diploma with the right to receive a university education.
Various. You can study from 2 to 8 years. On the last step awarded the title of Doctor. The most prestigious are the Grandes Écoles - Higher Schools. In order to enroll in them, you must first complete a two-year study at special courses, devoting a lot of time to each subject, from the ones necessary for further education.
Features of French learning
On average, the academic year in France begins in early September. Some schools, especially private schools, may move September 1 to other dates. Training lasts until July.
Many institutions of secondary education (primary) are closed on Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday. Some conduct lessons on a five-day or six-day period. Most often, the schedule is influenced by the region in which the educational institution operates.
The school week is on average 24 hours long. As a rule, lessons begin at 8.30. They can end at different times, depending on the number of days of training, but no later than 16.30. In this case, two major breaks are provided so that the students can rest and eat.
The lunch break can last one and a half or two hours. Thus, children have a choice: to have lunch in the school cafeteria or go home.
See in the video: the menu in schools in France.
In some regions, if parents do not work, their children are not allowed to eat in kindergarten canteens. To get permission, you need to contact the municipality.Although public education in the country and free of charge, parents are required to bear the cost of providing their offspring with stationery, as well as pay for excursions organized by the school. Most educational institutions oblige parents to insure the health and life of their children.
THE SYSTEM OF FRENCH EDUCATION, WHEN COMPARED WITH RUSSIAN, IS COMPLEX AND HAS MANY LEVELS.
Education in France is subject to the following several principles:
1. Mandatory, i.e. All children between the ages of 6 and 16 must attend school.
2. The secular nature of education. This means that public education does not have any religious overtones.
3. Free primary and secondary education.
4. State monopoly on the issuance of diplomas and university degrees.
Stages of education in France.
Preschool education
- primary education
- secondary education
- higher education
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION.
In France, children go to school from the age of six. Primary education (ecole elementaire) lasts 4 years. It consists of: 1 year - preparatory class and 3 years - primary education.
Secondary education for French schoolchildren begins at the age of 11, when children go to college (French College should not be confused with the English word and the concept of "college"). At this stage of education, the state established 8 compulsory subjects for study: French, mathematics, foreign languages, physics, chemistry, biology, geography and history (considered as one subject) and physical education. The numbering of classes begins in France not from the first, as in Russia, but from the sixth. Thus, at the age of 11, schoolchildren go to the sixth grade, then the fifth follows, and so on until the third grade, i.e. up to 14 years old. In Russia, this corresponds to education from the 5th to the 9th grade.
After the third grade, French students can choose two paths for further education: go to Professional institute or stay in school and get a complete secondary education. In the second case, children continue their education already at the Lycee, where they study for three years: the second grade, the first grade and the final grade. IN Russian system education, this corresponds to the 10th and 11th grade + an additional year of specialization.
As a rule, at the lyceum, students choose a specialized class in one direction or another: the humanities, economics and law, natural sciences. At the end of the lyceum, students take a comprehensive final exam "bachelor" (baccalaureat), which is also the first university degree. Obtaining a bachelor's degree provides admission to any university without entrance exams.
Schematically, the system of primary and secondary education in France can be represented as follows:
6 – 10 years Primary school – Ecole elementaire
11 – 14 years old College
15 – 17 years old Lycee- Lycee
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF FRENCH AND RUSSIAN SECONDARY EDUCATION:
1. Numbering of classes from 1st to 11th.
2. Continuing secondary education, without divisions.
3. Fewer subjects taught.
4. Several final exams are taken without the right to enter a university without an examination.
5. Grading system from 1 to 5 points.
France:
1. Numbering of classes from the sixth to the first.
2. The division of secondary education into two cycles: college and lycee.
3. Greater variety of disciplines.
4. A comprehensive final exam (baccalaureat), giving the right to enter a university without exams.
5. Grading system from 0 to 20 points
HIGHER EDUCATION.
The system of higher education in France is distinguished by a wide variety of universities and disciplines offered. Most higher education institutions are state-owned and are subordinate to the French Ministry of Education.
Historically, France has developed two types of higher education institutions: universities and Higher Schools (Grandes Ecoles). Universities train teachers, doctors, lawyers, scientists. Higher Schools train highly professional specialists in the field of economics, administration, military affairs, education and culture. You can enter the Higher School only after two or three years of study in preparatory classes in the chosen direction.
1. Short higher education. Education lasts two to three years, after which graduates receive DUT (Diplome universitaire de technologie) or BTS (Brevet de technicien superieur). This type higher education trains mainly specialists in the industry or in the service sector.
2. Long-term higher education. This type of higher education is given in universities and higher schools. In order to ensure consistency in the issuance of diplomas and examinations, it was decided that students from each university should complete three cycles of study and receive diplomas from a single state sample at every stage of learning.
Education at the university is divided into three cycles:
1. The first cycle is 2 years. Upon graduation, students receive DEUG (Diplome d'etudes universitaires generales) - Diploma of General Higher Education.
2. Second cycle - 2 years. After the first year of study, the degree of Licence is awarded, After the second year of study, the degree of Maitrise is awarded.
3. Third cycle - 1 year. There are two learning options here:
A. DESS (Diplome d'etudes superieures spesialisees) - Diploma of Higher Special Education. This diploma prepares students for professional activity in their specialty.
B. DEA (Diplome d'etudes approfondies) - Diploma of Higher Advanced Education. This diploma gives the right to continue education in graduate school.
HIGHER SCHOOLS (Grandes Ecoles).
A study at the Higher School is considered much more prestigious than at the university, but it is also much more difficult to enter there. Students of the Schools receive scholarships as future civil servants. Upon graduation, graduates are required to work for public service within 6-10 years, thus reimbursing the state expenses spent on their education.
Schematically, the system of higher education can be represented as follows:
18 years First cycle. DEUG.
21 years Second cycle. License. (In Russian higher education, this corresponds to the fourth year)
22 years Second cycle. Maitrise.
23 years Third cycle. DEA or DESS.
24 years 3 years –Doctorat (Corresponds to postgraduate study in Russia).
Master is also one of the university degrees. The duration of training is 3 years. This degree is not originally French, but in modern French education it has taken a strong place and now exists in every university.
Magistere extends to the second and third cycles of study. They enter it after the first cycle (after DEUG). Defended upon graduation thesis and a Magistere diploma of complete higher education is issued. IN modern France Magistere programs in tourism, hospitality, design and economics are especially common.
ADMISSION OF RUSSIAN STUDENTS TO FRANCE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS.
With a certificate of complete secondary education, a graduate of a Russian school has the right to enter a French university for the first cycle of study (with the exception of Grandes Ecoles, admission to which requires special training, as well as medical faculties, which also require additional pre-university education). The following documents are required for admission to DEUG:
1. Copy of the certificate with a translation into French
2. Grades for grades 10 and 11 with translation into French
3. Birth certificate with French translation
5. Mandatory notarization of all documents.
Russian students can apply for Licence and Magistere after at least three years of study at a Russian university. On Maitrise - after the fourth course. Required documents for the second cycle of study:
1. A certificate from the institute indicating the specialty, subjects taken, hours of study and grades with translation into French.
2. Copy of passport with translation.
3. Statement (fiche d'inscription)
4. Motivation letter in French
5. Autobiography
6. Confirmation of passing the exam in French
7. Two photos
8. Mandatory notarization of all documents.
DEA, DESS (third cycle) requires a complete higher education and the following set of documents:
1. Copy of diploma with translation.
2. Diploma supplement with translation
3. Copy of passport with translation
4. Statement (fiche d'inscription)
5. Motivation letter in French
6. Autobiography
7. Confirmation of passing the exam in French
8. Two photos
9. Two letters of recommendation
10. Translation of all documents must be certified by a notary.