The main causes of gas cylinder explosions:
a) gas leakage through loose connections and the formation of an explosive mixture with air, which is dangerous in the presence of a spark, for example, when a cylinder hits a solid object;
b) thermal effect on the cylinder, which causes an increase in gas pressure in it. The cylinder must be filled with gas by ¾ of its volume, with a larger filling of the cylinder with gas, in case of a drift into a warm room, the metal may rupture during warming up;
c) mechanical shocks that can damage the walls of the vessel.
Propane is used as fuel for heating installations, gas burners used in construction for roofing works, welding equipment, and household gas stoves. Also, propane can be used as a refrigerant for air conditioning and refrigeration systems.
the pressure in the working chamber increased after the gas supply was cut off
safety valve defective
MANOMETER:
there is no seal or stamp with a check mark
the verification period has expired
when the pressure gauge is turned off, the arrow does not return to zero by more than half of the permissible error
glass is broken or other damage is present that may affect the correctness of the readings
VALVE:
no union plug
presence of traces of oil, grease, dust
handwheel does not turn
there is a gas leak
It is forbidden to completely consume gas from the cylinder! Residual pressure must be at least 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf / cm2)
The residual pressure in acetylene cylinders must not be lower than the following values:
Scheme of the device and operation of the gearbox:
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Inoperative position of the reducer (gas does not pass) 1. Union nut for connecting the reducer to the valve connection 2. High pressure gauge 3. Return spring 4. Low pressure gauge (working) 5. Safety valve 6. Hose nipple 7. Membrane for rubberized fabric 8. Pressure spring 9. Adjusting screw 10. Working (low pressure) chamber 11. Pressure reducing valve 12. High pressure chamber - Gas |
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The position of the gearbox parts when passing |
Nissan Murano 1st generation bitter experience from owning this monster Nowadays, gas installations are considered very popular among motorists, and many are confident in the safety and relevance of such equipment, although here we can highlight both positive and negative aspects of such an addition.
The biggest fear of any driver is the explosion of the cylinder. Mechanics argue that these fears are groundless, because LPG is much safer than a simple gasoline tank, let's try to figure out how true this statement is.
When the balloon becomes explosive
In theory, it is really no more dangerous than a tank of gasoline, but there are certain factors that can affect the properties of the gas system. Experts identify several reasons why a cylinder on a car can explode:
- Incorrectly selected installation, which ideally should correspond to the power of the car, engine cubic capacity and other indicators. If the installation is selected incorrectly, you can notice this by a significant loss of power, when the car simply "does not pull", the rapid wear of parts;
- With low-quality equipment, which is often inferior in price to modern installations and therefore is considered quite in demand. Modern LPG equipment is distinguished by a multi-layer structure of the tank, a safety valve, which, if filled incorrectly, releases excess gas until the pressure inside the cylinder is optimized. In addition, they are shock-resistant and not afraid of temperature extremes. At the same time, outdated handicraft options are made of simple metal, which lends itself to corrosion, can have cracks and explode when heated, refilled, shock;
- With irrelevant mixing of fuel, when propane is combined with butane. Explosion hazard in this case is explained by different requirements for temperature conditions. For the sake of economy, propane is often mixed with cheap butane, but this gas can only be used in the warm season, since such raw materials become inoperative during frost. If these two types of fuel are mixed in winter, then when heated, the container may expand and even explode;
- Excessive filling can also lead to an explosion, because the gas tank provides for filling no more than 80%, when overflowing, the pressure in the cylinder increases greatly and an explosion occurs. For more modern polymer-composite options, an excess of fuel is not terrible, because such installations are equipped with a pressure relief valve, but even such devices can malfunction and open the valve out of time;
- With cracks in the fuel tank, an explosion can also occur, therefore, to check the integrity of the cylinder, it is recommended to periodically go through the seams with soapy water - this makes it possible to detect holes in a timely manner;
- Improper maintenance is often the cause of rupture, gas equipment requires timely cleaning of condensate, checking the patency of pipes and performance, specialists should conduct an inspection.
How to protect your car from an explosion
So that your desire to save on fuel does not turn into a threat to life, first of all, the choice and installation of HBO should be trusted by professionals. When doing so, always request that you be provided with a service booklet for installation.
Watch out for temperature changes and the quality of fuel raw materials and do not forget to monitor the state of the gas fuel system, check it in the service on time. If during operation you notice a decrease in the level of car performance or smell gas, urgently switch to a classic type of fuel and contact a service center.
And most importantly: be careful on the road, because emergency situations threaten with an explosion for any fuel system.
The most dangerous damaging factor when using autonomous gas equipment is an explosion. Gas explosions for reasons of occurrence can be divided into two types: fire and explosion after gas leakage due to poor quality gas supply from the source to the equipment or as a result of flame extinction, and explosion of the gas source itself, i.e. gas cylinder.
Gas leaks can be combated by installing a gas analyzer in the room, which will signal an alarm if the gas concentration in the room becomes explosive. With gas sources, i.e. Until recently, everything was more complicated with gas cylinders. Until a polymer gas cylinder appeared. Let us examine in more detail what are the advantages of polymer, or, to be more precise, polymer-composite gas cylinders, in comparison with metal ones.
A polymer gas cylinder, unlike a metal one, is not capable of itself being a source of an explosion. Everyone knows that if a fire breaks out in a room where a metal gas cylinder is stored, then one should "admire" the fire at a respectful distance until an explosion occurs. But if, instead of a metal one, there is a polymer gas cylinder in the room, you can extinguish the fire without fear of an explosion. Polymer gas cylinders http://safegas.com.ua/ru/ do not explode in ordinary household fires. The explosion of such a container for gas is still possible, but in domestic fires such high temperatures do not happen. The fact is that under the influence of temperature and an increase in pressure inside the cylinder, its body becomes membrane and allows excess pressure to pass outside. This gas burns up in a fire, the balloon is all engulfed in flames, it is useless to extinguish it, but there is no explosion, and accordingly there are no potential victims and destruction.
The second factor, which can also lead to an explosion of the gas container, is the so-called "pumping" of the cylinder. When refueling a cylinder in winter, remember that gas of the same volume at different temperatures creates different pressures inside the gas cylinder. If you fill the gas tank in winter at the summer level, then you will pump in an additional volume of gas, which in a warm room will increase the pressure inside the cylinder. And this pressure can increase so much that the metal cylinder simply will not withstand. A polymer cylinder is able to withstand a pressure three times greater than a metal one, which absolutely excludes depressurization and explosion as a result of this reason.
The cost of a gas cylinder http://safegas.com.ua/ru/ballonyi/ of a polymer-composite type is not much more expensive than a conventional metal one, so the purchase of such a gas container will not hit your pocket hard, but it will significantly reduce the risks associated with the operation of autonomous gas equipment ...
When carrying out production work, including welding, it is necessary to use various gases, namely, oxygen, propane, nitrogen, and so on. In case of improper handling of these gaseous substances, there is a risk of a hazardous situation. They can cause severe damage to humans, so special containers must be used to store any gas. In this case, a gas cylinder is used for safe operation, storage and transportation. Gas cylinders in Ukraine can be purchased in specialized stores at a variety of prices.
Features of the device
Despite the fact that there is a wide variety of gas cylinders, they are all cylindrical containers for storing gaseous substances. Gas cylinders consist of a neck, with gas supply regulators that allow you to open access to the gas or shut it off, it is also worth mentioning the presence of other constituent elements of the bottom and shell, and so on. Every detail of the gas cylinder is made of high-strength steel. In our store, we offer a gas cylinder, the price of which will be one of the best for you.
The wall thickness in cylinders is from 3 to 4 millimeters, so many containers have the ability to withstand high pressures, approximately 8 atm. If it becomes necessary to withstand the pressure even more, then for such cases there are special containers that can withstand up to 15 atm. This ability is inherent in them thanks to the manufacturing technology. For manufacturing, a seamless method is used, and steel pipes are used as raw materials. It should be noted that there are no welding seams in their design, which should be considered the most fragile place in the container, since it is vulnerable, especially when the container is under pressure. Before you buy a gas cylinder, you should decide which one you need.
Varieties of gas cylinders
Our online store offers gas cylinders a huge variety. Gas containers should be classified based on the type of gas stored in it. Depending on the type of gas, the cylinder should be painted in the appropriate color, so it will be easy to determine which gaseous substance is inside. The gas in a gas cylinder can be of the following types: oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and so on. Based on this, there is the following classification of containers:
- Argon;
- Oxygen;
- For carbon dioxide;
- Nitrogenous;
- Propane;
- Acetylene.
For storage of technical argon, the containers are painted black. If the container contains pure argon, then the container will be gray. Such equipment is used when welding on various stainless steel alloys and so on.
Oxygen. They are painted blue and are usually used in welding, which are designed to increase the strength of the joints.
For carbon dioxide. Like argon containers, carbon dioxide containers are also black, but the inscription on them is yellow. In this case, do not confuse them with technical argon cylinders. It should be noted that they are used not only for welding, but also in fire extinguishers.
For nitrogen. Like argon and carbon dioxide, they are colored black, but a distinctive feature is the presence of a brown stripe.
For propane. Such containers turn red, because this substance is explosive.
For acetylene. This look will be painted with white paint.
The price of a gas cylinder will depend on many parameters, including the type of device.
Main technical characteristics
How much does a gas cylinder cost, this question interests many buyers. In this case, it is worth noting that the cost will depend on many parameters, in general, speaking, on the main technical characteristics. Depending on the volume of the container, the time of continuous operation of the equipment with a particular cylinder model is determined. In this case, the intensity of use should be taken into account. For example, to ensure long-term operation of the generator (12 hours) at maximum load on it, 50 liters of gas are enough. It should be noted that each container, after a certain date, undergoes recertification. This is a date that indicates the exact date of the next check. In this case, you can use the container without any problems. In our online store there is a wide range of cylinders of any type, which you can purchase at a fairly affordable price. Placing an order on our website will take you not so much time. We offer gas cylinders in Kiev, Odessa, Kharkov, Dnepropetrovsk, Zaporozhye and other cities of Ukraine with delivery. You can find out more detailed information on our website. We are a gas cylinder store where you can make a purchase on favorable terms. If you still do not know where you can buy a gas cylinder, then hurry up to contact us.
Shopping
Where to buy a gas cylinder? This question worries many buyers. Therefore, we found the answer to it. Of course, you should contact our online store. If you are thinking about buying gas cylinders, then you should familiarize yourself in detail with the range of products on the website of our online store. We offer you favorable conditions for your purchase. We have presented an extensive catalog of goods, in which you will surely find everything you need. It is as easy as shelling pears to buy a gas cylinder in our store. The cost of a gas cylinder will depend on its volume, main purpose and many other parameters, because our store sells equipment on the most favorable terms, and you can order it directly on our website with delivery. You can buy gas cylinders in Kiev and Kharkov, as well as in other cities of Ukraine, at an affordable price.
EXPLOSIONS OF GAS CYLINDERS, CAUSES AND EFFECTS
G.V. Plotnikova,
Associate Professor of the Department of PTE FSKOU VPO VSI of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor
YES. Bodrov,
operative for especially important cases of the SOBR of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Irkutsk Region
According to statistics, about 200 people die every year in Russia due to explosions of household gas cylinders. The consequences of such explosions are comparable to the detonation of a 122mm artillery shell. Gas cylinders are especially dangerous in case of fire. Fires at facilities where pressurized gas cylinders are used are characterized by a different combination of hazardous factors that can lead to catastrophic consequences.
According to statistics, in Russia because of the explosions of household gas cylinders die every year about 200 people. The consequences of such explosions are comparable with the explosion of a 122 - millimeter artillery shell. Of particular danger are the gas cylinders in the event of fire. Fires on the objects, which are used cylinders with gas under pressure, are characterized by the expression of a different combination of hazards, which may lead to disastrous consequences.
An explosion is understood as a phenomenon associated with a sudden change in the state of a substance, accompanied by a sharp sound effect and a rapid release of energy, which leads to heating, movement and compression of the explosion products and the environment. The occurrence of increased pressure in the area of the explosion causes the formation of a shock wave in the environment with a strong destructive effect.
According to statistics, about 200 people die every year in Russia due to explosions of household gas cylinders. The consequences of such explosions are comparable to the detonation of a 122 mm artillery shell. Metal fragments scatter tens of meters, creating a zone of continuous destruction.
Plotnikova G., Bodrov D. Explosions of gas cylinders, causes and consequences
Gas cylinder - a vessel with one or two necks for installing valves, flanges or fittings, designed for the transportation, storage and use of compressed, liquefied or gases dissolved under pressure.
Welded steel cylinders for storing hydrocarbon gases produced by 25 factories of the Russian Federation in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15860 are widely used for cooking in individually built houses. Currently, their number is about 40 million pieces.
The main type of gas cylinders (about 85%) are tanks with a capacity of 50 and 27 liters, designed for a working pressure of 1.6 MPa (16 atm). According to the manufacturers' data, the range of burst pressures is 12-16 MPa (120-160 atm) for 5 liter cylinders, 7.5-13 MPa (75-130 atm) for 27 liters, and 7.5 for 50 liters. -12 MPa (75-120 atm). Industrial 40 liter cylinders are rated for 1.5 times the working gas pressure.
Fires at facilities where pressurized gas cylinders are used are characterized by the manifestation in various combinations of the following hazardous scenarios: thermal effect of "fire-flash"; the impact of the explosion compression wave; thermal effects of a fireball; thermal effect of a jet flame of a burning gas; the impact of fragments of a ruptured balloon; suffocation as a result of a decrease in the oxygen content in the air when excess gases accumulate in it; the narcotic effect of certain gases, even at low concentrations in the air.
When a cylinder with household gas enters the fire, the vessel heats up, which leads to boiling of the liquid phase and an increase in pressure in it. The flame heats the walls of the vessel and weakens their initial strength due to uneven heating of the surface, which, as a rule, leads to the destruction of the vessel. In this case, the vapors from the instant evaporation of the liquid phase ignite and a "fireball" is formed.
As a result of the studies carried out in the open area, the following was established: when a 50-liter gas cylinder with liquefied gas enters the fire, its depressurization followed by an explosion occurs within the first 3.5 minutes. In this case, the rupture of the balloon, as a rule, occurs along the lateral generatrix. The maximum radius of expansion of the fragments of a cylinder that exploded in an open area is 250 m, the height of the fragments rise is about 30 m. When a gas cylinder with liquefied gas explodes, a "fireball" 10 m in diameter may form; due to a decrease in the strength of the walls of the cylinder, its depressurization occurs at a pressure of 5.3-8.5 MPa (53-85 atm). In case of fire, liquefied gas leaving the cylinder can burn in vapor, liquid and vapor-liquid phases. Each of them has its own combustion temperature.
The nature of the gas outflow from the cylinder can be determined by the color and type of flame: in the vapor phase, the gas burns with a light yellow flame; in the liquid phase, the flame is bright orange with the release of soot; in the vapor-liquid phase combustion
occurs with periodically changing flame height. These signs of visible flame are indirect characteristics of the depressurization of the domestic gas cylinder.
The main, and at the same time, the most common causes of gas cylinder explosions are:
Excessive overfilling of the cylinder with liquefied gases;
Significant overheating or hypothermia of the walls of the cylinder;
Ingress of oils and other fatty substances into the container, leading to the formation of explosive mixtures;
Formation of corrosion and rust inside the cylinder;
Impacts on the walls of the cylinder due to their fall, impact during transportation, etc.;
Incorrect filling of the cylinder, leading to the formation of explosive atmospheres;
Excessively fast filling of cylinders with liquefied gas leads to overheating of the cylinder valve up to 400 ° C;
Ingress of oils or explosive dust;
Formation of rust, scale, sparking.
Experts identify the reasons for certain types of gases.
Gaseous technical and medical oxygen are filled into cylinders in accordance with GOST 949-73 up to a pressure of 150 kgf / cm2.
Mixtures of gaseous oxygen with combustible gases are explosive. Lubricants and surface grease that come into contact with oxygen cause fires. Sealing materials (fiber, nylon, rubber, plastic) can easily ignite in a high-pressure oxygen environment.
During the investigation of accidents related to oxygen cylinders, the following characteristic features were identified:
Tearing off the bottom of the cylinder with ray-like cracks on it (bottom thickness is about 15 mm);
Tearing off the neck of the balloon;
The cylinder body is torn into small fragments (up to hundreds of pieces), which also have cracks;
Only the nut from the connected reducer remains on the cylinder valve, the fitting comes off;
The gasket between the cylinder valve and the fitting completely burns out;
The polycarbonate insert on the brass valve valve burns out or is in a state of hardness equal to that of brass itself;
The valve is open, its threads are stuck in the valve body;
The lower part of the valve screwed into the cylinder is covered with carbon deposits;
The flow area in the brass valve and its accessories are pink with a heat-tarnish color.
The specified damage can occur only when a mixture of oxygen with a combustible gas ignites, while the pressure in the cylinder instantly increases by
calculations up to 1500-2000 kgf / cm. If there is a full cylinder next to an exploded cylinder, then its detonation destruction occurs with the following characteristic features:
Tearing off the bottom of the cylinder;
Tearing off the neck of the balloon;
The cylinder body collapses into 2-3 parts;
The cylinder valve is in working order.
Fig. 1 - 3. Cylinder neck, cylinder body fragments, cylinder valve
after the explosion
The overwhelming majority of combustible gas (propane) enters the oxygen cylinder during gas welding, at the moment when the oxygen pressure in the cylinder becomes lower than the pressure of the combustible gas (propane) in the gas cylinder and its overflow into the oxygen cylinder is possible. Other flammable gases can enter the oxygen cylinder if it is not used for its intended purpose.
It all depends on how much gas got into the oxygen cylinder. If its amount is significant, then spontaneous combustion of the combustible mixture occurs during filling and the balloon explodes with the destruction of the filling station itself and with human casualties. Emergency depressurization of the oxygen cylinder leads to the ignition of oiled building structures and clothing of participants in extinguishing the fire, as well as to the intensification of the combustion process.
Rice. 4 -5. Damage to the cylinder and the consequences of an explosion of an oxygen cylinder
A carbon dioxide cylinder can explode when pumping a standard capacity with the subsequent movement of the cylinder into a warm room. Also, the causes of cylinder explosions are shocks, falls, heating them by the sun's rays and other sources of heat, overflow of cylinders with liquefied gas, improper use in violation of safety rules, violation of sealing, malfunctioning valves.
Fig. 6. Explosion damage to carbon dioxide cylinder
For cylinders filled with hydrogen, the following feature is characteristic in fire conditions. With an increase in temperature (and, accordingly, pressure), hydrogen diffuses into the material of the walls of the cylinder, which entails a loss of the initial strength of the cylinder and its explosion.
If cylinders filled with nitrogen get into the fire zone, the nitrogen pressure in the cylinder increases, which can lead to deformation and destruction of the cylinder walls. Acetylene-filled cylinders can explode if the acetylene jet ignites, causing the cylinder to heat up and explosive decomposition of the acetylene. It is dangerous to heat acetylene cylinders with external heat sources, since this creates a high pressure in them, the process of acetylene polymerization occurs, which is accompanied by significant
generation of heat and can lead to explosive decomposition of acetylene. With the progressive decomposition of acetylene, the walls of the balloon are heated, in some cases to the temperature of red heat. If measures are not taken to sufficiently reduce the pressure in the cylinder, an explosion will occur.
Rice. 7. Consequences of the explosion of a cylinder with acetylene
Acetylene cylinders, unlike technical ones, used for storage and transportation in a compressed or liquefied state of neutral, combustible and oxidizing gases, contain a filler - a porous neutral mass with a capillary structure. The need to use bulk or cast filler is caused by the peculiarities of acetylene - explosive and fire hazardous in the absence of oxygen or other oxidants.
One of the functions of the porous mass is the reliable localization (extinguishing) of the acetylene-oxygen flame of the reverse impact, which is possible when performing gas-flame works. A solution of acetylene in acetone is a phlegmatized mixture of acetylene, while the acetylene-acetone solution is practically incapable of explosive decomposition.
In practice, there are isolated cases of destruction of acetylene cylinders during a reverse impact. It is very difficult to predict how a balloon will behave when a blowback flame enters it. In this case, the time until the explosive destruction of the balloon after the valve is closed can be as many as several minutes or several hours. This indicates that the localization of the explosive decomposition of dissolved acetylene is not always ensured. The processes of extinguishing or combustion that take place inside a closed cylinder filled with a porous mass are specific, complex, and so far they have not been fully studied.
The main potential danger associated with the destruction of acetylene cylinders is the appearance of such damaging factors as shock waves and debris, leading to severe consequences.
Analysis of the accidents occurring when working with acetylene cylinders and the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents allows us to draw the following conclusions.
The existing scientific and technical documentation does not contain requirements for the mandatory protection of single cylinders against reverse impacts using protective devices.
To protect the acetylene cylinder from a kickback when performing gas-flame welding, it is necessary to install a special protective device that ensures the delay (extinguishing) of the flame and blocking the flow (the outflow of acetylene from the cylinder).
The most common reasons for explosions of cylinders with propane-butane mixture are: excessive overfilling of the cylinder with liquefied gases; significant overheating or hypothermia of the walls of the cylinder; the formation of corrosion and rust inside the cylinder; formation of rust, scale, sparking. Often, the explosion of a cylinder with a propane-butane mixture occurs when the gas comes into contact with fire.
The explosion of the propane-butane mixture is accompanied by
high-temperature emission of gases (flame), while fragments and parts of bursting cylinders fly, thermal radiation arises. In a propane-butane explosion, in addition to the main fire factors (open fire, high ambient temperature, toxic combustion products, etc.), as a rule, secondary factors manifest themselves: a compression wave formed during an explosion of a cylinder and entailing the destruction of buildings or individual their parts, destruction (or damage) of external and internal water pipelines, fire fighting equipment, stationary extinguishing means, technological equipment, the emergence of new foci of fires and explosions.
Figure 8-9. Potential damage to propane-butane cylinders
Gas cylinders are especially dangerous in case of fire. In case of a fire at facilities where propane-butane cylinders are stored or used, gas-cylinder equipment under pressure often explodes. When extinguishing objects with gas cylinders, one should take into account the physicochemical properties of the gas used.
When a propane-butane cylinder enters the fire, the vessel heats up, which leads to boiling of the liquid phase and an increase in pressure in it. The flame heats the walls of the vessel and weakens their initial strength due to uneven heating of the surface, which, as a rule, leads to the destruction of the vessel. In this case, the vapors from the instantaneous evaporation of the liquid ignite and a "fireball" is formed.
The sizes of possible zones of destruction by fragments in the destruction of cylinders as a result of an explosion are determined by the flight range of the largest fragments. So, the radius of the affected areas by fragments in the explosion of acetylene, oxygen, hydrogen, propane thin-walled cylinders, as well as an acetylene generator and a tank with kerosene is 2500, 2200, 1100, 2100, 200 and 800 m, respectively.
Thus, the analysis, processing and generalization of information about the explosions of gas cylinders showed that the main causes of explosions, which are put by experts are: mechanical damage, overheating, metal corrosion, improper operation, gas leakage.
In percentage terms, the causes of the explosions were distributed as follows:
Gas leak - 25%;
Mechanical damage-16%;
Overheating-15%;
Metal corrosion - 20%;
Improper operation-24%.
Along with this, the reasons are distinguished that are characteristic of certain types
NOTES
1. Taubkin, S.I. Fire and explosion, features of their expertise. - M. VNIIPO, 1999. -
2. Information agency "Arms of Russia". - http://www.arms-expo.ru/049051124050055053052052.html
3. Verzilin MM, Savelyev LN, Shebeko Yu.N. Tactics of actions of fire departments in conditions of a possible explosion of gas cylinders in a fire: Recommendations - M .: VNIIPO? 2000.
4. Chizichenko, V.P. Analysis of the causes of explosions of oxygen cylinders / V.P. Chizichenko // Labor protection. 2010. No. 4. - Electronic resource: http://www.kislorod.in.ua/index.php/2010-06-21-07-41-11.