The main diseases of sweet cherry and measures to combat them. The main diseases of cherry: symptoms and treatment Fungal diseases of cherry fruit treatment

Growing a healthy fruit tree is not an easy task, especially when it comes to cherries. Thanks to early dates When ripening, pests rarely affect the crop, but if you neglect medical measures, all ailments will penetrate very deeply and after a season the tree will die.

Description of symptoms

Humanity began to grow cherries more than two millennia ago. Malaysia is considered the birthplace of this fragrant and juicy berry, where one of the Roman generals Lucullus noticed it. It was he who brought this culture to Europe, from where it came to our country.

Over time, cherries have adapted to new conditions, but under any unfavorable conditions, they become an object of attack by insect pests, fungal and viral microorganisms.

By their nature, all pathologies of the cherry tree are divided into the following types.

Fungal, which lead to all kinds of spotting, death of leaves, trunks and fruits. This type of disease is one of the most common. Fungi multiply by spores, which are easily carried from tree to tree by wind and rain.
Bacterial are the result of infection by microbes, dirty tools and insect pests.
Viral - spread by insects, rather quickly transferred from one plant to another. Unfortunately, today there is no cure for viral infections of garden crops, since they damage the vascular system of the plant. Only the destruction of a diseased seedling can save the garden.
Non-infectious - these problems arise as a result of illiterate care, improper pruning, broken branches, increased fruit or snow load, as well as sealing the cut with wax.

Infection with infections most often occurs in early spring, when, with the arrival of heat, they wake up and become more active. various pests... It was at this time that the entire plant should be examined as meticulously as possible for damaged branches - in this case, the problem area should be removed, and insects and larvae should be shaken off.

At the same time, it is possible to carry out therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of the plant with chemical preparations. After the stage of the formation of the fruit ovary begins, the use of insecticides is no longer possible, and folk remedies for cherry diseases are not treated.

If the cherry tree begins to wither and dry, then this may be a signal that the plant begins moniliosis or that it is affected by the garden bark beetle.

If in spring and summer mass yellowing of leaves begins, their twisting and falling off, then most often this is indicated by a fungal infection (coccomycosis) or the presence of ant colonies around the tree. Keep in mind that these insects themselves cannot harm the tree, but they are carriers of aphids, which eats the leaves and young branches of the plant, reducing its vitality and causing the fruit to dry out. In addition, a lack of nitrogen may be the cause of wilting foliage, in this case, try to feed your "pet".

If cherries do not form fruit, then in most cases this is a signal of soil acidity, but a similar problem also manifests itself in root cancer. This is a viral disease that cannot be cured - the plant must be destroyed.

One of the most common garden pests that can cause significant damage to the culture is sawflies.

The slimy sawfly leaves eggs on the surface of the leaf plates. Brown tubercles are visible to the naked eye. Deeper, they eat the leaves. Yellow plum - this type of insect feeds on berries, while it leaves its excrement in them, as a result, the cherry acquires an unpleasant odor and becomes unusable.

The sawfly can be removed with Pyriton and Iskra-M preparations.

The cherry weevil affects the fruit - insects lay eggs in their pulp, and a small dark dot forms on the fruit skin. It is the entry point for insects, which is smeared with their secretions. As they hatch, the larvae move into the bone, eat out its core and completely destroy it. Adults also do not hesitate to plant buds, buds and foliage.

In the last decade of September and early October, trees become victims of the attack of the winter moth - this insect holds individual leaves with a thin web and lays eggs. The larvae that hatch outward eat the flesh of the leaves, leaving only strong veins.

You can help the plant by spraying it with chlorophos, in addition, in the early stages of the lesion, the insecticides "ZOV" and "Zolon" have proven themselves quite well.

Black aphid quite often attacks cherry trees. Its larvae suck vital juices from the green parts of the plant, and literally in 3-4 weeks the leaves curl and dry up, and the young buds die without blooming. You can get rid of an unpleasant insect with the help of Aktelik or Intra-Vir.

The invasion of the fruit moth can completely lime all the leaves of the plant in a matter of days. These little caterpillars leave behind only bare branches. Getting rid of them is quite difficult. If you treat the plant immediately after detecting the pest with Iskra or Kinmix, you can try to save the plant.

A cherry fly that infects cherry berries can cause quite a lot of trouble. As a result, the fruits darken, acquire a matte hue, and their pulp begins to ooze even with the slightest pressure. In this case, depressions form on the surface of the berries, and the skin begins to burst.

A solution of fungicides "Lightning" or "Iskra" helps to overcome the enemy.

Diseases

Let us dwell in more detail on the most common diseases of cherry trees.

The nature of such pathologies can be both infectious (with fungal and bacterial lesions) and non-infectious (which is the result of cracking, lightning strikes, temperature changes, etc.). Against this background, all kinds of spotting most often occur. Brown spot appears as brown, rounded spots with dark edging. As the disease spreads, darkened point fruiting bodies form in the affected tissues. As a result, necrotic tissue begins to crack and fall out, and small holes appear on the bark. If the cherries are not treated, then after a short time the bark will shrink completely, and the leaves will turn yellow and fall off, while the spores of the mushrooms remain in the fallen leaves.

Cercosporosis- fungal infection, which manifests itself in the summer in the form of numerous small round spots, their color is red, the edging is purple. At the same time, sporulation is formed along the lower part of the spots, which looks like dark pads. As the disease progresses, the affected tissue falls out and holes remain on the bark.

Jaundice - this is a mycoplasma infection, which manifests itself in the fact that young leaves begin to brighten, hide the spots rapidly rise and as a result, areas of a pale yellow hue are formed. Lack of treatment leads to deformation of the leaves and the formation of tasteless small fruits.

Septoriasischerries mainly affect the petioles, which leads to drying of the fruit. They become deformed, lose their taste and marketability.

Witch's broom - another fungal disease, which manifests itself in the fact that cherries grow on the branches in a large number thin, densely spaced shoots that visually resemble a broom. Small leaves with a yellowish tinge grow on them, and on the lower one you can find a grayish bloom - this is where spores nest. The fungus affects the fruit, causing a change in their shape and loss of taste.

Stem rot Leads to rotting wood, with the result that trees can easily break. Most often, the infection starts from the root collar and quickly spreads upward.

Monilial burn - a typical disease of sweet cherry and its relative - cherry. It manifests itself in the springtime. The affected plant looks as if it is slightly burned, so it is impossible to confuse this disease with any other. The bark of a diseased tree has a gray bloom, which quickly spreads over all branches and stems of the tree. From the side it seems as if the bark has burst.

Gommoz - a disease of a non-infectious nature, it is characterized by abundant gum flow, which begins in the crevices of the cortex, although there are no signs of necrosis or visible damage. Gum is the plant's reaction to unfavorable external conditions - for example, soil acidification, excessive watering, excessive feeding, poor compatibility of the scion with the stock or too cold air temperature.

Chlorosisshows excessive yellowing of the leaves. The reason for this ailment is most often a lack of nutrients, as well as concomitant diseases - stem rot or necrosis.

Clasterosporium disease - the disease manifests itself in the form of small reddish spots, scattered throughout the leaf plate, which brighten over time. As the disease progresses, necrotic tissue dies off and falls out, resulting in a hole. If the plant is not cured in time, then the fungus will reach young shoots, buds and ovaries - in this case, wait good harvest it will not be necessary, and in general it will be rather difficult to save the plant.

Ascochitous spotIs another fungal infection that causes the spread of ocher and brown spots irregular shape... In the affected areas, holes form over time, the leaves turn yellow and fall off rapidly.

It should be noted that all fungi retain their vitality in plant residues. Together with the falling leaves, they fall to the ground, deepen and winter there all the cold season, and in the spring they creep out and again infect fruit plants.

Causes of occurrence

The following adverse factors are common causes of disease.

Failure to comply with agrotechnics of planting and care. Problems are caused by an incorrectly selected place, unsuitable soil, shortage or, conversely, excess mineral fertilizers, as well as violation of the irrigation regime.
Unfavorable weather conditions - too dry or cold weather, prolonged rains and severe winters.
Attack of insect pests - butterflies, beetles, caterpillars and their larvae, which often carry various bacterial diseases.
Cracks, improper pruning and other mechanical damage to branches.

When a pathology is detected, it is very important to find the cause of the disease, otherwise taken measures will not have the desired result. In addition, the degree of resistance to infections largely depends on the cherry variety. By purchasing varieties that are bred by breeders, you can greatly reduce the risk of plant death and crop loss.

Naturally, such a seedling will cost much more, but over time, all invested funds will certainly pay off - you will significantly save on the treatment of diseased plants, and in addition, you will collect an excellent harvest of juicy berries.

How to fight?

Every disease of sweet cherry can be cured with the help of insecticides. In any store you can find a wide selection of biological and chemicals... However, it is always easier to prevent a disease than to cure it, which is why for everyone fruit crops prevention of pathological conditions should be carried out, and the earlier you start work, the more chances you have to save not only the tree, but also the crop.

Immediately cut down all damaged branches and then burn them, and it is better to do this outside your area, otherwise the disease will spread to other fruit plants. In autumn, after harvesting, it is necessary to collect and destroy the fallen leaves. Usually spores of fungi and eggs of insect pests winter in them. In addition, in the fall and spring, you should dig up the ground under the tree and carry out the obligatory annual whitewashing of the trunks.

Insect control should be started in the spring, immediately after warm weather sets in. In early April, the plant should be sprayed with a urea solution - this effectively destroys all pests that have overwintered near the roots. Keep in mind that later processing in this way is prohibited - you can simply burn the roots.

Spray trees with insect repellent solutions every 3 weeks throughout the growing season. Good efficiency have the compositions "Healthy Garden", "Akarin" and "FitoVerm".

Experienced gardeners and gardeners advise the use of drugs that increase the immunity and resistance of trees to fruit pests and unfavorable external conditions - these should include the compositions "Zircon" and "Ecoberin".

"HOM" is a universal remedy against most pests. Plants are treated with this solution before flowering and after harvesting.

At the beginning of spring, it will not be superfluous to wash the bark with a weak solution of ferrous sulfate, and to make it stick more tightly to the stem, you can add a little laundry soap.

And, of course, you should not neglect the sticky "belts" and "cuffs" to which uninvited guests stick, but keep in mind that such traps should be changed from time to time.

For information on how to treat cherry and cherry clasternosporosis, see the next video.

Most often, cherry diseases in spring are manifested by characteristic signs: spotting, stratification, growths. See cherry trunk diseases in the descriptions later on the page, they are also common in cherries.

Cherry stem rot, tinder fungus flat.

The causative agent is a mushroom Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. Et Wallr.) Pat. Causes a yellowish-white wood rot, from which trees break easily. Infection occurs from the root collar at the base of the trunk, from where the mycelium spreads upward along the core of the trunk. Fruit bodies are perennial, flat, sessile, often tiled, with an upper grayish-brown furrowed surface, smooth or covered with a brown coating. Tinder fungus affects deciduous tree species, pome and stone fruit crops, more often settles on weakened trees. The infection persists in the affected wood.

Study these cherry diseases in the description with photographs and put the knowledge into practice in your garden.

Control measures. Annual preventive spraying of trees in the spring, before the leaves bloom, with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak). Timely removal and burning of stumps and dead trees along with roots. Single fruiting bodies on the affected trees are cut off, the saw cut is disinfected with a 1% solution of copper sulfate and covered with oil paint on natural drying oil.

Polypore Sulfur-yellow

Cherry stem rot, sulfur-yellow tinder fungus.

The causative agent of cherry trunk disease is a mushroom Laetiporus sulphureus Bull, ex Fr. Causes brown heart rot that quickly spreads through the wood. The affected tissue cracks and fills with white mycelium films. Tinder fungus is found on deciduous trees, sweet cherries, cherries, less often on pears. The fruiting bodies are initially watery-fleshy, then hardening, sessile, tiled at the base, with a light yellow or orange wavy surface. The infection persists in the affected wood.

Control measures the same as against the flat tinder fungus.

Watch these diseases of the cherry trunk on the video, which shows the most effective ways treatment:

Monilial burn - disease on cherry and cherry leaves (with photo)

The causative agent of cherry leaf disease is a mushroom Monilia cinerea Bonord the disease manifests itself in the spring. With a monilial burn, there is a sharp browning and drying of the flowers of the ovaries, fruit twigs, the young leaves turn brown and do not fall off for a long time. A grayish bloom of mycelium develops on the affected bark and leaves, the spores of which re-infect the ovaries and young shoots. You can see cherry disease in the photo further on this page, where different types of symptoms are presented.

The disease of cherry leaves is most dangerous in the cold spring with an abundance of precipitation, when the active development of the pathogen fungus occurs, and the branches generated quickly dry out. With a strong development of the disease, the tree very quickly takes on the appearance of a burnt one, and the defeat is often confused with the result of winter freezing. In stone fruit, a monilial burn is manifested not only by the drying out of skeletal branches, but often leads to the rapid death of whole trees. The infection persists in the bark of affected shoots and in dried mummified fruits.

Look at the manifestations of cherry leaf disease in the photo, which shows signs of the development of pathological changes at different stages:

Control measures. Annual preventive spraying of all trees during bud break with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak), repeated treatments immediately after flowering orchards with the same preparations. If necessary, spraying is repeated in summer and autumn with chorus. There is evidence that the use of copper-containing preparations on stone fruits in the summer can cause yellowing and leaf fall. Timely pruning of dried affected branches and their burning, obligatory coating of cuts with oil paint.

Gommoz - a disease of the cherry tree and sweet cherry

A non-infectious disease of the cherry tree, which is manifested by the abundant formation of gum in the crevices of the bark without visible necrosis and ulceration. The release of gum during gommosis is a tissue reaction to the effects of various unfavorable factors, such as increased acidity and waterlogging of soils, excessive doses of fertilizers, incompatibility of the scion with the stock, low temperature, low or too high humidity.

Mechanical damage to the bark and the spread of infectious diseases, many of whose pathogens release toxins, play an important role in the development of cherry tree disease. Biochemical processes in tissues are disrupted, the growth and development of young shoots are suspended. Gum is a product of the decay of cell membranes; it flows out to the surface in the form of a sweetish solidifying liquid. Abundant gum flow causes drying of young shoots and even whole trees.

Control measures. Compliance with all agrotechnical requirements for growing this crop, prevention of mechanical damage, frost cracks and protection from sun-frost burns. Disinfection of cuts with a 1% solution of copper sulfate with the obligatory putty with oil paint. Liming of acidic soils. Preventive spraying of trees annually in spring, before the leaves bloom, with copper-containing preparations against a complex of pathogenic microorganisms.

Chlorosis is a disease of cherry and sweet cherry leaves (with photo)

With this cherry disease, a uniform yellowing of the leaves between the veins occurs, which is associated with a large deficiency in the supply of nutrients to the young growing leaves. The cause of this cherry leaf disease can be frost cracks and dying off of the bark or the spread of root and stem rot, as well as necrosis. With a strong manifestation of cherry disease in the spring and later in the summer, browning and drying of the leaves is observed, and the death of branches and trunks.

Control measures. Timely identification of the causes of chlorosis. Preventive spraying of trees in the spring, before the leaves bloom, with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak). In case of mechanical damage and frost cracks, pruning, cutting of the fruit bodies of tinder fungi, it is recommended to disinfect all cuts and cracks with a 1% solution of copper sulfate and cover with oil paint.

See how the cherry disease manifests itself in the photo, which shows all the typical signs of damage to the leaf blade:

Coccomycosis - cherry berry disease

The causative agent of this disease is cherry berries - a mushroom Coccomyces hiemalis Higgins (syn.Blumeriella hiemalis Poeldmaa) ... Spotting appears on almost all stone fruit crops, but most strongly on cherries and cherries. On the upper side of the leaf, numerous small scattered spots of a dark brown color appear. On the underside of these spots, pinkish-white sporulation pads develop in necrotic tissue, the spores from which re-infect neighboring leaves and fruits.

With coccomycosis, whitish pustules with pinkish edges appear on the petioles of the fruits, and depressed ones on the fruits brown spots with a whitish bloom. Spotting appears from the first half of June and, if widely spread, can cause premature leaf fall, which significantly reduces the winter hardiness of trees. The infection persists on the affected fallen leaves.

Control measures. Spraying trees before bud break and immediately after flowering with Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak). With a strong spread of the disease, spraying is carried out in the summer and at the beginning of autumn with the chorus preparation, taking into account the waiting times for this drug. Timely pruning of dried branches with covering the cuts with oil paint, removal of affected plant residues.

See the manifestation of this cherry disease in the photograph, where it is shown external manifestations infections:

Clasterosporium - cherry fungal disease

The causative agent of fungal disease cherry - mushroom Clasterosporium cagpophilum (Lev.) Aderh. (syn. Coryneum beyerinckii Oud.) ... Clasterosporium disease affects all stone fruit cultures. Numerous small reddish spots appear on the leaves, lightening over time in the center, with a vague crimson border.

The affected tissue cracks and falls out, and the leaf becomes perforated. With a strong spread of the disease, the kidneys, young shoots and fruits are affected. On the shoots, rounded reddish-violet spots with a light middle appear, the bark gradually dries out and shallow ulcers filled with gum form. When fruits are damaged, reddish-brown spots with a scaly elevation appear on them.

The fruits are deformed, partially dry out and become unfit for food. The affected leaves fall off prematurely, and the affected shoots dry out. The disease severely weakens trees and reduces their productivity. The infection persists in the bark of the affected shoots and in the affected plant debris.

A description of this cherry disease with photographs will help to identify the problem in a timely manner and begin to fight it:

Control measures the same as against cherry coccomycosis.

Watch cherry diseases in the video, which shows control measures and agricultural techniques for daily tree care:

Ascochitous spot - cherry disease (with photo and description)

The causative agent of ascochitous spotting is a fungus Ascochyta chlorospora Speg ... By the middle of summer, ocher-brown spots of irregular shape with a vague border appear on the leaves. In the necrotic tissue, over time, numerous black dotted fruit bodies of the wintering stage of the fungus are formed, the affected tissue dries out and cracks, the leaves turn yellow and fall off. Premature fall of leaves does not allow the wood of young shoots to fully mature, which weakens trees, reduces frost resistance, productivity and decorativeness. The infection persists in the pycnidia fruit bodies affected by fallen leaves.

A photo and description of this cherry disease will help you quickly recognize a fungal infection and start an active fight against it:

Control measures. Preventive spraying of all trees and shrubs in spring on young blossoming leaves with a 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak). With a strong spread of ascochitous and other spots in the summer, spraying with the same preparations is carried out, taking into account the waiting time. You can also use the drug scor and its analogue rayok. Collect and remove diseased leaves in fall or early spring.

We will continue to study cherry diseases with a description and a photo, among them are different types of fungal infections of leaves, fruits and bark. Until then look for signs of ascochitous spotting:

Diseases of the bark of cherry and sweet cherry

Cherry bark diseases can be infectious (bacterial and fungal) and non-infectious (cracking, lightning, cold and heat). Similarly, diseases of the cherry bark are subdivided, among which various spots predominate against the background of fungal infections.

Brown spot, or phyllostictosis, cherry.

Pathogen - mushroom Phyllosticta prunicola (Opiz.) Sacc ... It causes the formation of round ocher-brown spots on the bark with a dark narrow border. Over time, numerous dark dotted fruiting bodies of the hibernating stage are formed in the necrotic tissue. The necrotic tissue cracks and falls out, leaving holes in the bark. With a strong development of the disease, the affected bark shrinks, the leaves quickly turn yellow and fall off prematurely. The infection persists in the affected fallen leaves.

Control measures the same as against ascochitous spotting of cherry.

Cercospora cherry.

Wakener - mushroom Cercospora cerasella Sacc. , has a marsupial stage - Mucosphaerella cerasella Aderh ., which is formed in spring on fallen diseased leaves. In summer, numerous round, small, 2-3 mm in diameter spots of red-brown color with a dark purple border appear on cherry leaves. On the underside of the spots, sporulation is formed in the form of dark pads, over time, necrotic tissues fall out, and holes remain in the leaves. Affected leaves turn yellow and fall off prematurely. Spotting is common on all stone fruits, but most strongly on cherries and cherries. The infection persists in the affected plant debris.

Control measures

Cherry jaundice

The causative agent of jaundice is phytoplasma (formerly mycoplasma organisms). In young leaves, veins turn yellow, the leaf blades brighten, rise vertically, often deform, large areas of yellow appear. Shoots develop thin, chlorotic, petals are often deformed, the affected fruits are small, irregular, and tasteless. The appearance of numerous thin, upward-directed shoots is a typical symptom of the disease. Both individual branches and the entire tree are affected. The vectors are leafhoppers and leaf flies. Jaundice is common in almost all stone fruit crops, but more often on peach. The infection persists in the affected wintering cultivated and weed plants.

Control measures. Timely pruning and burning of affected branches and heavily affected plants. Disinfection garden tools (secateurs, saws) in alcohol, cologne, 1% potassium permanganate solution after working with affected plants. Removing weeds and spraying trees against sucking pests with one of the drugs: fufanon, kemifos, fitoverm, actellik, kinmiks, Inta-Vir.

Cherry fruit diseases

Sweet cherry septoria.

The causative agent is a mushroom Septoria pallens Sacc , has a marsupial stage - Gnomonia erthrostoma (Pers.) Auersw ... The spots on the bark are at first yellowish, barely noticeable, later brown, drying out. In the necrotic tissue, multiple small brownish fruiting bodies - pycnidia - are formed. Affected leaves turn brown, turn reddish-brown, dry out and curl, but remain hanging on the tree.

Petioles, which dry out quickly, and fruits are affected. When the ovaries and young fruits are affected, small, brown, slightly depressed spots appear on them, and young fruits quickly fall off. When more ripe fruits are damaged, they are strongly deformed and lose their commercial qualities. Premature drying of leaves leads to weakening of trees and a decrease in their winter hardiness. The infection persists in the affected leaves.

Control measures the same as against ascochitous leaf spot.

Witch's broom cherry

The causative agent is a mushroom Taphrina ceraci (Fckl.) Sadeb. On separate branches numerous, densely located thin shoots grow, outwardly resembling brooms or bushes. The leaves on the shoots are small, chlorotic, with a yellowish tinge, fragile, have wavy edges of the leaf blades. A grayish bloom of sporulation forms on the underside of the leaves. Fruits of cherries and cherries are strongly affected, which acquire an ugly shape.

The fungus overwinters with mycelium in the bark of branches and spores in the bark and in the scales of the buds. In the spring, the spores germinate and infect the blossoming buds, from which thin diseased shoots develop. With a strong damage to trees, the productivity and frost resistance of trees decreases, since weak shoots and branches are poorly lignified.

Control measures. Pruning and burning affected witch's brooms, spraying at the beginning of bud swelling and immediately after flowering with 1% Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes (HOM, Abiga-Peak).

Watch cherry diseases in the video, which shows the main methods of treating and protecting trees:

It is unlikely that there is at least one adult or child who is indifferent to cherries. The onset of summer is eagerly awaited in part because this season brings sweet and juicy berries. Probably, every summer resident, gardener would like to have his own cherry in the garden to delight himself and his loved ones with excellent and tasty fruits.

However, the cultivation of this tree is often overshadowed by difficulties, which, first of all, are associated with the fight against harmful insects and ailments. Cherry diseases, their prevention and treatment will be discussed in this article.

Bacteriosis (cherry ulcer or cancer)

As the name implies, bacteriosis is a bacterial disease. Trees aged 3-8 years are affected by it. Bacteria are carried by rain and wind. In winter, they live in the buds and vessels of the tree.

A wet and cold spring with frequent rainy and windy weather promotes their spread to all organs of the plant.

The branches of a diseased tree become covered with ulcers, and gum flows out of them. Irregular brown or black spots with a yellow border appear on the leaves and fruits. The peduncles are covered with small brown ulcers.

The wood on such trees dies, the leaves die off. Sometimes the cherry dies completely. Bacteriosis may not show up if the summer is warm and dry.

Treatment. Today, there are no methods to combat this disease, it is not for nothing that it is also called cherry cancer. Each species of sweet cherry is characterized by a different susceptibility to bacteriosis.

Trees are less susceptible to this disease, which receive the necessary nitrogen nutrition and moderate watering.

Brown spot (phyllostictosis)

Often, you can tell if your tree is healthy or not by looking closely at its leaves. They are the first to give out infected plants.

If suddenly, upon examination, you notice small brown spots on the foliage, then the diagnosis will be disappointing - your cherry is sick with phyllostictosis or brown spot.

This is a fungal disease, which subsequently appears as black dots on the leaves - spores of a pathogenic fungus. After some time, the leaves of the diseased tree dry up and fall off.

Treatment... The affected leaves must be collected and burned in a timely manner. Before bud break, treatment with 1% Bordeaux liquid, 1% copper sulfate, nitrafen is recommended. Re-processing is carried out after flowering with Bordeaux liquid (after two to three weeks).

After another two weeks, spraying with the Hom fungicide is desirable. In the case of severe infection, one more treatment is carried out in the fall, after leaf fall. A 3% solution of Bordeaux liquid is used.

Important! Before spraying cherries, you must read the safety rules. The main ones are: the treatment should take place in dry, calm weather, the eyes should be protected with glasses, and the mouth and nose with a mask.

Since the spores of the pathogenic fungus that excites brown spot overwinter in fallen leaves under the tree, in the fall it is necessary to carefully remove the dry leaves and dig up the ground in the trunk circle.

Hole spot (clasterosporia)

Another fungal disease - perforated spotting or klyasternosporiosis - manifests itself in spring with small brown spots with a dark (dark red, crimson) border on leaves, branches, buds, flowers.

As a result of the loss of the affected tissues after one to two weeks, holes form in their place in the leaves. Diseased fruits are first covered with reddish-brown marks and in the process of growth acquire ugly shapes.

The pulp at this point stops growing and dries up to the bone. If the disease spreads to the entire tree, it weakens over time and does not bear fruit well.

Treatment. Branches and leaves affected by the perforated spot are cut and burned. Places of trimmings are treated with a 1% solution of copper sulfate, rubbed with sorrel (three times at intervals of 10 minutes) and covered with garden pitch or oil paint.

During the period of "pinking" of the buds, immediately after flowering and two to three weeks after it, cherries are sprayed with 1% Bordeaux liquid or copper oxide (25 g per 10 l of water). Also, for treatment after removal of diseased branches, use the drug "Horus".

False tinder fungus refers to fungal diseases of the cherry trunk. The main symptom of the disease is white rot in wood. Usually it affects a crack in the lower part of the trunk - a growth of yellow, brown, dark brown is formed there.

Spores of the pathogenic fungus settle in wounds on the bark of trees resulting from sunburn, exposure to frost or damage by pests. The diseased tree becomes soft and easily broken by the wind.

Treatment. To defeat the false tinder fungus, the best control measures will be uprooting and burning cherries. If this is not possible, then it is necessary to regularly inspect the tree and remove the growths that have appeared.

The wounds that will form as a result of this procedure will need to be cleaned, treated with copper sulfate and covered with garden varnish. For prevention, all measures should be taken to avoid mechanical damage to the bark. It is recommended to whitewash the trunk and skeletal branches.

Another fungal infection of the cherry trunk is sulfur-yellow tinder fungus. Causes brown pith rot of wood, in which cracks with mycelium are formed.

The wood becomes brittle and disintegrates into pieces. Symptoms of the disease are mushrooms with wavy orange or light yellow caps formed in a crack in the bark.

Treatment. In order to prevent this disease from developing on cherries, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the formation of frost cracks in the bark. It is important to whitewash trunks and skeletal branches in autumn. In the spring, after especially cold winters, fertilize.

If it was not possible to avoid frostbites and sunburn, these places should be cleaned, disinfected and covered. When mushrooms settle, the tree must be destroyed or the growths must be constantly removed and the wounds must be disinfected.

Prolonged rains can provoke coccomycosis in cherries. Its characteristic symptoms are small brownish-red spots on the leaves. The affected leaves first turn yellow, then brown and eventually fall off.In the first years of the disease, the cherry loses its fruit, and then dies by itself.

Treatment. Preventive treatment of cherries from coccomycosis is carried out during the period of swelling of the kidneys. The first spraying is best done with copper sulfate (300 g per 10 liters of water).

When the buds begin to bloom, you need to spray with the Bordeaux mixture. It is also important to follow agrotechnical rules for growing fruit trees, among which is the timely destruction of affected leaves, fruits and autumn digging land under the crown of cherries.

For spraying, you can also use such preparations for coccomycosis as "Hom", "Zorus", "Topaz", "Horus". To prevent the preparations from being washed off, laundry soap is added to the solutions.

Important! If the disease has spread greatly and a third spraying is required in the summer, then in order to avoid burning the leaves with Bordeaux liquid, first one branch should be treated. In the absence of burns on it, after a few days, you can process the entire crown of the tree.

Cherry gum flow

A very common disease is cherry gum flow. It occurs on trees damaged by frost or affected by moniliosis, clasterosporium disease or other diseases.

It is manifested by secretions on the trunks of gum (glue) trees, which, when solidified, form transparent glassy formations.

Treatment. To prevent the disease, it is necessary to increase the winter hardiness of the tree, properly fertilize and water it. Frost holes should be cleaned, wounds should be disinfected and covered with garden varnish or nigrole putty (70% nigrol + 30% sifted furnace ash). In places where gum is excreted, a slight furrowing of the bark is recommended.

Sweet cherry mosaic disease

Mosaic disease is a viral disease that leads to a very strong weakening of the immune system in sweet cherries. Signs of ailment: first, yellow stripes appear on the leaves along the veins, then the diseased leaves curl, become brown and die off.

The virus spreads by insects, during grafting of diseased cuttings and pruning diseased and healthy trees with non-disinfected tools.

Treatment. There are no cures. It can only be prevented - by treating trees from insects, observing quarantine measures, using a healthy planting material... Unfortunately, you will have to get rid of sick cherries.

Mosaic ringing

Symptoms of mosaic ringing appear on cherry leaves - pale green or whitish rings are formed on them, which subsequently spill out, leaving holes in their place.

Treatment. The same as for mosaic disease.

Did you know? Mosaic disease can occur latently in a plant for a year, and mosaic annulus - for two years.

Powdery mildew

This fungal disease is dangerous only for young seedlings and during cuttings. The disease is fraught with a slowdown in plant growth and premature death of leaves.

The main symptom of powdery mildew is white (and eventually dirty gray) powdery bloom on leaves and shoots. Diseased sheets are deformed, dry up and die off.

Treatment. To combat powdery mildew, a lot of drugs have been produced: "Topaz", "Fitodoctor", "Strobi" and others. They also use three times treatment with 2% colloidal sulfur or 2% lime-sulfur broth at intervals of 15 days, spraying an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate and infusion of rotten hay.

Cherry scab

Scab damages cherry leaves, brown spots appear on them. After a while, they curl up into a tube and dry out. Green fruits also dry up.

Treatment. Soil cultivation, destruction of infected fruits and leaves, three times (during the separation of buds, after flowering, after harvesting) spraying with copper oxychloride (40 g / 10 l of water) or 1% Bordeaux liquid.

Gray rot (moniliosis)

Signs of moniliosis are manifested in a change in the color of the shoots and branches of the tree - they acquire a brown tint.As the disease worsens, the branches become lethargic, as if they were burned. Then small gray growths appear on the bark of the tree.

In a chaotic manner, growths also appear on cherry fruits, the berries begin to rot and dry out. On old branches, in places where it settled gray rot, cracks form, from which later gum flows.

Treatment. Since the causative agent Monilla cinerea overwinters on mummified fruits and branches, timely destruction of diseased berries, branches and leaves is a prerequisite in the fight against gray rot.

The development of moniliosis is held back by the autumn whitewashing of trunks and skeletal branches. As with most diseases, gray mold can be controlled with fungicide sprays. It is also important to carry out preventive measures to eliminate harmful insects.

Did you know? 100% of cherries damaged by pests are infected with rot.

Cylindrosporiasis (white rust)

With a disease with white rust, sweet cherry sheds its foliage by mid-summer.The disease-causing fungus infects the wood of the branches, ulcers appear on them, from which gum flows.

The bark turns red-brown or black-brown. The trees are weak and may not survive severe frosts, dry out in the spring.

Treatment. Removal and burning of diseased branches. Since the infection does not penetrate the healthy bark, it is necessary to follow the care measures for it and immediately treat the resulting cracks and wounds with the help of stripping, disinfection and covering. You also need to deal with insects that harm the bark.

With this fungal disease, single or group pinkish growths appear on the bark of dead branches.

Treatment. Pruning and burning branches affected by the fungus. Treatment of wounds with garden pitch.

Prevention and protection of cherries from diseases

We have described what diseases are in sweet cherry and how to treat them. This information will help you diagnose problems with the growth of cherries if you find them and immediately begin to eliminate them so as not to lose the crop.

However, preventive measures come to the fore in solving problems. Preventive protection of cherries is, in principle, the same as for all fruit trees. This includes:

timely cleaning and burning of fallen leaves and rotten fruits;

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Cherries are excellent fruit tree, which with correct and timely care gives an excellent tasty harvest. But it is not enough just to water and loosen the soil on time. It is also necessary to closely monitor the state of his health in order to prevent unpleasant consequences when alarming symptoms appear. Today we will talk about the most common cherry diseases and the most effective methods of combating them (photo and video materials are attached).

The main diseases of cherries and methods of dealing with them

Most often, a gardener (even an experienced one) discovers unpleasant changes in the state of the cherry after the symptoms of the disease appear. Be that as it may, any changes in the appearance of the tree must be carefully investigated and the root causes identified. And for this it is important to have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat diseases cherries are prone to. Let's consider the most common ones.

Coccomycosis: symptoms and treatment

The source of the disease is a marsupial fungus. It affects the foliage of the tree - it becomes covered with reddish spots. When high humidity a pinkish bloom appears on the leaves. Over time, the foliage of the tree affected by the disease dries up and falls off, and the tree itself becomes weakened and at the very first frost it can die.