Top dressing of grapes root and foliar - what and how to fertilize.

Grapes are a capricious culture, demanding on growing conditions and care. The best place its cultivation - areas with chernozem and loamy soils, rich in nutrients and excellent moisture permeability. But even there, regular feeding of the grapes is required. The first top dressing of grapes can be carried out already during planting, depending on the fertility of the soil. The question arises, what fertilizers, in what period are grapes needed?

Fertilizers

Manure is an organic fertilizer widely used in viticulture. It is also called a complete fertilizer because it contains the full range of nutrients. In addition, it enriches the soil layer with humus and makes it loose. The main value of manure fertilization is the long-term effect after application, so before planting the grapes in the prepared holes, you can pour a little. Organic matter decomposes for three to four years, becoming uninterrupted source nutrients.

Top dressing of grapes in autumn is carried out after the harvest. Once every three years, a mixture of manure with mineral fertilizers is introduced by deep digging. The composition of the mixture (per 1 sq.m.):

• 5 kg of fresh straw manure (preferably horse manure);
• 100 g superphosphate;
• 100 g of ash;
• 50 g of ammonium sulphide.

Traditional dressing of grapes in spring is complemented by the device of fertilizing pits. The following scheme can be used. Between two vines of grapes, they dig a hole with a width of a shovel and a depth of 30-35 cm and fill it with a full shovel of fertilizers. A 10: 1 mixture of manure and superphosphate is used. Buried without mixing with earth. It turns out an additional source of phosphorus and other benefits for growing roots.

Mineral fertilizers

Nitrogen

Sources of nitrogen are ammonium sulfate (or ammonium sulphate) (20% of nitrogen from the total volume) and ammonium nitrate (or ammonium nitrate) (35%). Nitrogen is an essential element for the development of green mass. Nitrogen fertilizers are relevant in spring, at the initial stage of the growing season, characterized by the rapid growth of young shoots and leaves. During the summer, the need is minimal. In autumn - an excess of nitrogenous fertilizers can lead to the active development of greenery, which will interfere with the formation of wood.

Ammonium sulfate has a disadvantage. Water-insoluble gypsum remains in the soil after its use, which is formed after the absorption of nitrogen as a result of a chemical reaction between sulfur and lime of the soil. In contrast, ammonium nitrate does not have side effects and is suitable for use on all types of soil.

Phosphoric

Phosphorus is an element without which the full development of fruiting organs is impossible. Flowering, as well as the periods of ovary and berry formation, bud formation, determine the high consumption of this element. The main source is superphosphate containing 17-20% phosphorus.

Phosphoric acid, obtained by reacting phosphorite with sulfuric acid, dissolves in water and is easily absorbed by the root system of the plant. But it has an expiration date! The fresher the acid, the more effective the feeding. Long-term storage fertilizer causes a gradual transition of free water-soluble phosphoric acid into an insoluble form, which is practically useless, since the root of the plant does not absorb them, it is better to use a new package with fertilizer.

It is recommended to choose a granular fertilizer. Superphosphate granules are sticky particles of a substance. An area rich in soluble phosphoric acid is formed in the soil around each. Acid is released more slowly from large granules. To make the fertilizer as effective as possible, it is better to apply it often and in small doses, as close to the roots as possible.

Potash

Potassium is an element that has a beneficial effect on fruits (accelerates their ripening) and prepares bushes for wintering, therefore potash fertilizers for grapes are in demand closer to autumn. Potassium chloride or ash is used to enrich the soil with potassium.

Potassium chloride has a high content of potassium oxide (50%). But, there is a significant drawback. The second 50% is chlorine, which accumulates in the soil, gradually poisoning it.

Ash has no harmful impurities, so grapes can be fertilized in autumn. In addition, it contains phosphorus (4% of the total). Experienced growers recommend using sunflower husk ash, in which the potassium content can reach 40%. There are others nutrients.

Fall dressing of grapes can also include a solution ferrous sulfate, in this case, 1 kg of the substance is diluted in 15 liters of water.

Trace elements

For the prosperity of the vineyard, trace elements are also needed: calcium, magnesium, iron, sulfur, copper, boric acid, zinc, a source of which can be a complex fertilizer for grapes, which belongs to mineral fertilizers. Vuksal is popular with winegrowers.

The fertilizer contains the necessary phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium, as well as chelates - a special form of trace elements. Chelates are a product of the chemical reaction of metal cations with organic acid molecules. Vuksal is used for feeding in adverse weather conditions, for example, during droughts or high temperatures, at which the ability of plants to absorb nutrients decreases.

The fertilizer became widespread due to the possibility of its application during the entire growing season, even at the moment when the formation of green mass is undesirable. Its nitrogen content is only 7.5% of the total. In a solution of 10 ml of Vuksal per 10 liters of water, its concentration is too low to in any way affect life processes.

Among the other advantages of the drug are:

• completely soluble in water;
• easy to digest;
• not toxic;
• suitable for mixing with other types of fertilizers and crop protection products in liquid form.

Terms of feeding and fertilization

Fertilizers are applied either in liquid form, pouring them over the soil (root top dressing of grapes) or by spraying the leaves (foliar application), foliar dressing is considered an auxiliary measure. Spraying cannot replace fertilizers applied directly to the soil, but foliar top dressing of grapes in time significantly improves yields.

The timing of feeding depends on the growing season: flowering, the formation of ovaries, berries, their ripening, etc. Fertilization in right time, can increase the yield by 1.5-2 times, and without harm to the general condition of the bush.

With the onset of spring, the root system begins to actively absorb from environment nutrients, including nitrogen, without which the full formation and development of the green mass of the plant is impossible. In the case of a lack of nitrogen in the soil layers, the plant begins nitrogen starvation, which will negatively affect the development of the entire bush. Thus, fertilizers for grapes in the spring must contain nitrogen. Therefore, at this time, fertilization of grapes with chicken droppings will be relevant.

As a prevention of nitrogen deficiency in soil, spring during the preparation of the vineyard for wintering, additional fertilization is carried out with nitrogen-containing preparations: ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate at the rate of 50 g per 1 m 2. Fertilizer is spread over the surface of the site. Autumn rains and thawed snow gradually wash them into the deep layers of the soil, where saline solutions can easily move. By spring, they accumulate near the largest masses of the root system.

Fertilizers for feeding

How to fertilize grapes during the growing season is a gardener's choice. Organic fertilizers such as slurry and poultry manure are widely used. Grapes in summer can be processed with a mineral mixture of superphosphate and ammonium nitrate. Regardless of the type of fertilizer, after it is applied to the soil, it is necessary to water it. Methods of how to properly fertilize are presented below.

To prepare the slurry, you will need fresh cattle manure and an airtight container with a tight-fitting lid. Composition: 1 part manure, 2 parts water. The mixture is covered and allowed to ferment. The resulting substance is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:20 and half a bucket per 1 m 2 is disintegrated on the site (hereinafter, the amount of fertilizer is indicated based on watering 1 m 2).

Poultry manure is rich in nutrients, but too much of it can harm plants. Therefore, use it carefully. Composition: 1 part manure and 2 parts water. Insist 2 weeks. For fertilization, the vineyard is watered with the resulting mixture of diluted water in a ratio of 0.1 l per bucket.

Solution mineral fertilizers made from superphosphate (10 kg), nitrate (5 kg) and 10 buckets of water. First, superphosphate is dissolved in water, in the morning, if the solution was prepared the night before, saltpeter is added. 1 liter of solution is diluted with 9 liters of water.

During subsequent dressings during the growing season (after flowering and immediately before ripening), the solution is enriched with wood ash (50 g) and boric acid (1 d).

Features of foliar feeding

Foliar top dressing is carried out by irrigating the leaves with a hand sprayer or using a special unit. It is important to spray the leaves in such a way that the fertilizer settles as much as possible on the lower surface of the leaf plate. Here nutrients are absorbed better by the plant. Do not allow the solution to hit the same place twice.

An aqueous solution of superphosphate (50 g per 1 bucket of water) is used with the addition of trace elements: manganese sulfate (5 g), ferrous iron (5 g), zinc sulfate (1 g) and boronic acid (2 g). Solution preparation. First, the superphosphate solution is defended within 24 hours. Then it is carefully drained. It is important that the sediment remains in the container. The remaining components are added last.

Spraying is carried out during the flowering of grapes and ripening of berries, preferably in cloudy weather. The best option - weather conditions, causing the loss of abundant night dew, which promotes the absorption of nutrients.
Fertilization and feeding rules

The main source of nutrients for the vineyard is soil. Replenishment of its reserves is the main task of complex fertilization measures. An additional measure designed to compensate for the deficiencies in soil nutrition during special periods of the growing season (flowering, ovary formation, ripening of berries, etc.) is top dressing. The main task is to provide the plant with nutrients and trace elements that it needs for certain life processes.

The entire system of fertilization measures is designed to solve three problems:

• increase productivity;
• enhance growth;
• strengthen frost resistance.

Proper vineyard care cannot be complete without strict adherence to the rules of fertilizing and feeding grapes.

1. Grapes in spring need soil rich in easily digestible nitrogen. In the summer - phosphorus. In the fall - potassium.
2. During the entire growing season, it is additionally necessary to feed the planted bush with microelements.
3. Fertilizers for grapes containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied to a depth of 15-20 to 30-35 cm by deep digging.
4. Top dressing is applied in liquid form. Recommended to be combined with watering to flush fertilizer into the lower soil layers. Water delivers nutrients directly to the root system. Without watering, top dressing will be ineffective, because most of nutrients will remain on the surface.
5. Grooves 40 cm wide and 15 cm deep are dug along the bushes. Fertilizers are poured into them. the right amount and water at the rate of 10-15 buckets per bush. The grooves are covered after moisture absorption.

Video about feeding grapes

If, when planting grape seedlings, fertilizers were immediately introduced into the soil, in the next three or four years, grape feeding will not be required. For adult bushes, for good fruiting, certain trace elements are necessary, which are not always enough even in fertile soil.

Pictured grapes

Grape plants thrive and bear fruit best in nutrient-rich soil. But over time, the content of useful trace elements in the ground steadily decreases, and without fertilization, the soil becomes depleted. Under such conditions, the grape yield deteriorates markedly, the bushes grow poorly, suffering from drought and frost.

It would seem that it is enough to feed the grape bushes several times per season. complex fertilizers, and the plants will come to life again. However, in grapes, the need for different nutrients varies depending on the growing season. And if you want to succeed in viticulture, you should definitely figure out how certain microelements affect grapes, at what time they are especially needed for plants, and how they should be introduced into the soil.

Video about correct feeding and fertilization of grapes

Nutrients for grapes:

• Nitrogen. It is responsible for the growth of green mass (leaves and shoots), therefore, the main part of nitrogen fertilizers is applied in spring, at the very beginning of the growing season of grapes. In summer, the need for nitrogen decreases, from August nitrogen fertilizers become harmful to grape bushes, as the untimely rapid growth of greenery will interfere with the maturation of the wood. Introduce in the form of urea or ammonium nitrate.
• Phosphorus. The vineyard is most needed at the very beginning of flowering: thanks to phosphorus fertilization (superphosphate), inflorescences develop better, berries are tied and bunches ripen.
• Potassium. Closer to autumn, it is very useful to feed the vineyard with potassium chloride, as it accelerates ripening vines and fruits, and also prepares plants well for winter.
• Copper. Promotes an increase in frost and drought resistance of shoots, enhances their growth.
• Bor. The introduction of boric acid into the soil helps to increase the sugar content of the grapes and accelerate their ripening. In addition, boron stimulates pollen germination.
• Zinc. Thanks to this microelement, the grape yield is noticeably increased.

In the photo, phosphorus fertilizer

Calcium, magnesium, sulfur and iron are also beneficial for grapes, but these elements are usually found in sufficient quantities in the earth. It is not necessary to additionally feed the vineyard with them.

You can feed grapes with single-component mineral fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, potassium salt, potassium chloride, superphosphate, etc.), fertilizers containing two or three elements (nitrophoska, ammophos), or complex fertilizers (Kemira, Florovit, Solvent, Novofert, Aquarin).

But mineral fertilizers alone will not be enough: grapes need manure to fully utilize the incoming nutrients. The addition of manure improves the aeration and permeability of the soil, and also stimulates the development of microorganisms in the soil, which are needed by the grape roots for the best absorption of microelements. In addition, rotted manure provides the vineyard with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients.

Instead of manure, compost can be used as an effective and affordable tool for any gardener. Suitable for composting are food waste, tops, grass cuttings, sawdust, bird droppings and animal manure, wood ash, shredded branches and other organic debris. The finished compost is rich in nutrients no less than manure.

Photo of mineral fertilizers

Other valuable organic fertilizer - bird droppings. It also contains the most important elements for grapes in a highly absorbable form. A week and a half before use, bird droppings are diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 4, and before direct application to the ground, an infusion is made, diluted with water 10 times more. One grape bush consumes half a liter of infusion.

Well, instead of potassium chloride, which can harm the vineyard due to its high chlorine content, it is better to use ash. It will provide the grape bushes with not only potassium, but also phosphorus. The most useful is ash from.

To feed root system grapes, you should dig grooves about 40 cm deep around each bush at a distance of at least 50 cm from the trunk. Through such grooves, the main roots of plants absorb nutrients much more efficiently, especially if you combine top dressing with watering the grapes.

In the photo, feeding grapes

When to fertilize:

• in spring, before opening the bushes after wintering, superphosphate (20 g), ammonium nitrate (10 g) and potassium salt (5 g) are dissolved in 10 liters of water - this portion is enough to water one grape bush;
• a couple of weeks before the grapes begin to bloom, they are fed with the same aqueous solution;
• before the grapes ripen, the soil in the vineyard is fertilized with superphosphate and potash fertilizers (no nitrogen is added);
• after harvesting the fruits, the grapes are fed with potash fertilizers to increase the winter hardiness of the plants.

During spring feeding you can use slurry instead of mineral fertilizers: for one square meter plantings consume 1 kg of solution.

Every three years in the autumn months, the vineyard should be fertilized with manure with the addition of ash, superphosphate and ammonium sulfate. The fertilizer is distributed over the surface of the earth, after which a deep digging is done. If on a site of sandy loam soil, it is worth applying fertilizers for digging in a year, then on sandy soil - annually.

Foliar dressing of grapes for a better harvest

Through the leaves of grapes, nutrients dissolved in water are remarkably absorbed. Therefore, in addition to the usual root dressing, it is advisable to carry out foliar dressings - on the leaves. This will help the plants to thrive, maximize yield and tolerate winter frosts well.

Regardless of the fertilization of the root system, the grape foliage is sprayed for the first time with a solution of trace elements before the appearance of flowers to prevent their shedding and to increase the ovaries, the second time - after flowering, the third time - when the grapes ripen. With the last two sprays, nitrogen fertilizers are excluded from the top dressing.

Video about fertilizing grapes

For foliar dressing, you can use solutions of micro- or macro-fertilizers, which are easy to find on sale in a large assortment. A water infusion of ash mixed with a fermented herbal infusion of herbs is also suitable.

Spraying foliage should be carried out on windless days in the morning or evening, or in the daytime in cloudy weather, so that the plants do not get burned under the sun, since the solution remains on the leaves in the form of small droplets. For the best absorption of trace elements, you can add 3 tablespoons to the nutrient solution. Sahara.

Despite some difficulties, the cultivation of this southern and rather capricious crop in conditions middle band Russia is quite possible. It is necessary to provide the grapes with careful care, including systematic feeding, and this must be done with knowledge of the matter.

Many do not know if it is possible to feed grapes, because the introduction of fertilizing can lead to the accumulation of harmful nitrates. There is only one answer: important correct dosage... The danger also lies in the fact that regularly feeding the grapes exclusively with mineral fertilizers, you can harm the crop itself. Of course, gardeners do this unintentionally, but out of inexperience. So, an excess of nitrogen in the soil can cause phosphorus and potassium starvation in grapes, even if these elements were introduced.

Some believe that one organic matter or the introduction of complex mineral fertilizers is enough, but for normal growth and ripening of the vine, successful fruiting, various feeding will be required.

How to calculate the required amount of fertilizer for grapes

Initially, you need to learn how to calculate how much fertilizer is needed for grapes to complete nutrition.

How to determine how much potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and other trace elements need to be added during the growing season? Calculation is difficult, but possible.

Note that one kilogram of grapes contains on average 17 mg of boron, 19 mg of zinc, 10 g of calcium, 7 mg of copper, 6.5 g of nitrogen, 4 g of magnesium and 2 g of phosphorus.

Now remember how many kilograms of crop you harvest from one bush and multiply by ten. The resulting figure indicates the amount of nutrients spent on fruiting. This is the so-called economic take-away, the plant took so many useful elements from the soil only for growing fruits.

There is also such a term as biological removal - it will be necessary to ensure the viability of roots, leaves, branches and shoots. These costs also need to be compensated, but they are almost impossible to calculate.

Most of the fertilizer rates for grapes are calculated based on the area (dosage per 1 m²). However, inexperienced gardeners can hardly determine where the territory of the bush ends, on which the roots are located looking for nutrition. On average, an adult shrub extends over 6 m² of area, this is the area around the vine that needs to be fed.

Naturally, young bushes occupy a smaller area, the dosage of feeding for them should be reduced.

Root dressing system for grapes for growth and harvest

How to feed

Fertilization under the root of grapes is carried out at certain stages of development, in total, three additional dressings will be required per season. Ideal option there will be availability on the site drain pipe or underground system drip irrigation, which will allow the nutrient solution to be delivered directly to the grape rhizome. In the absence of such devices, just step back from the base of the vine 50-60 cm and dig a groove about 30 cm deep around the perimeter of the bush (this is one bayonet of a shovel) and add top dressing to it.

How to feed grapes in early spring for growth and laying a good harvest

First feeding grapes held in early spring during the period of swelling of the kidneys. A complex of mineral fertilizers is introduced, consisting of 30 g potassium sulfate, 60 g of superphosphate and 90 g of urea. Dissolve each drug in water separately, and then pour into a common container, bring the volume of liquid to 40 liters and water under 1 adult bush.

Mineral can be added dry, and then watered or replaced with organic matter. Add a solution of fermented mullein or chicken manure (1 L or 0.5 L of concentrate to a bucket of water, respectively).

How to feed grapes before and after flowering

Before flowering, it is applied second feeding:

• It is prepared from the same ingredients, but the proportion is increased. You will need 160 g of superphosphate, 120 g of ammonium nitrate, 80 g of potassium sulfate. Also dissolve each ingredient separately in water, then mix together in a 40 L working solution and water on 1 adult bush.

Very useful after flowering third feeding ash. How to do this, see the video:

Ash is a source of potassium and phosphorus, which are essential for fruit bearing grapes. Providing the bushes with these trace elements, you will get a rich harvest.

How to feed grapes for ripening and sweetness of berries

Fourth feeding required when growing grapes in regions with short summer... In these conditions, it is very important, since it accelerates the ripening of berries and the process of lignification of the vine - the key to successful wintering.

• The nitrogen component is excluded, the solution is prepared from 60 g of superphosphate and 30 g of potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water, 1 bush is watered. From above it is useful to pour 3 more buckets of water.
• Top dressing can be replaced with a drug such as Aquarin, Master, Novofert, Plantafol or Kemira, prepare working solutions according to the instructions.

Foliar dressing of grapes (by leaves)

It is a mistake to think that foliar feeding is unimportant and cannot be beneficial compared to root feeding. In fact, grapes are able to absorb nutrients through the leaves even better than through the root system, if done correctly and regularly (do not skip processing).

Consider when and how to feed the grapes by leaves.

How to feed grapes for a good harvest Top dressing before flowering

Perform the first foliar of grapes on the eve of flowering.

• For 10 liters of water, take 100 g of superphosphate, 50 g of potassium sulfate, 40 g of urea and 5 g of boric acid.
• We dilute each component separately, then pour it into a common container and bring the volume up to 10 liters.
• Strain and spray the vines with the mixture.

How to feed grapes when tying berries

Immediately after flowering, a second treatment will be required to successfully set the berries. The composition of the solution is similar, you can add a ready-made solution of trace elements to it.

How to feed grapes while pouring berries

Carry out the third foliar dressing at the beginning of berry ripening. Proportions for 10 liters of water: 100 g of superphosphate and 50 g of potassium sulfate.

How to feed grapes during fruiting with folk remedies

The final foliar dressing is carried out in August directly on ripening berries. She prepares from natural ingredients with fungicidal properties and serves as prevention of diseases. It can be a solution of infusion wood ash, iodine or potassium permanganate, diluted whey.

How to prepare ash infusion:

• Take three tightly filled liter cans ash, fill them with 10 liters of warm, settled water, stir well, cover and let it brew for two days.

To prepare the working solution, take 1 liter of ready-made infusion for 10 liters of water. Carry out the processing on the leaves or pour from 4 to 8 buckets of such dressing under each grape bush.

How to feed the grapes to be sweet Treatment with iodine solution

The sweetness of the berries can be increased by making iodine solution over the leaves. In addition, such feeding is additional protection vineyard from disease. Take 1 drop of iodine in 1 liter of water and treat the bush with this solution. Such a simple feeding will not only improve the sugar content of the berries, but also fill them with iodine useful for human health. The peel of the berries will not crack in adverse weather conditions.

By the way, iodine treatments can be applied throughout the growing season. This will improve the condition of the plants, the vine grows better. However, do not do this more often than 2 times a month, so that the roots of the bush do not deplete due to the accelerated growth of the ground part.

Top dressing with potassium permanganate, iodine and boric acid for the sweetness of berries and green leaves

How to feed the grapes in August if the leaves are pale? And how to increase the sugar content in berries? You can make the bush turn green and increase the sweetness of the berries with this simple top dressing.

For 3 liters of working solution you will need:

• Potassium permanganate on the tip of a knife, throw it into the water and get a slightly pink solution.
• Boric acid on the tip of a teaspoon, first diluted in a glass with hot water (a small amount of water), and then poured into the general solution.
• Dripping 3 drops of iodine

With this solution, we carry out the processing on the leaves in the afternoon. Such feeding increases the immunity of the plant, makes the leaves green, and the berries are sweeter.

Feeding with whey and iodine

Good feeding and reliable protection from diseases it turns out if you use serum and iodine:

• Take 10 liters of water
• 1 liter of whey
• 10 drops of iodine

Stir well and work over the leaves. This is a safe feeding and protection against diseases, which is used during the ripening of berries. This method can be practiced throughout the growing season, starting in early spring. The frequency of treatments is 1 time in 7-10 days. Use low-fat milk instead of whey.

How to feed grapes with yeast

Yeast feeding is a good growth stimulant:

• 10 l warm water you need a bag of dry yeast and 2 tablespoons of sugar, let the mixture ferment for a couple of hours (put in a warm place).
• Dissolve the concentrate in 50 liters of water and water an adult bush.

It is useful to combine such feeding with eggshell... Finely crush the shells and sprinkle in a circle near the trunk.

How to feed grapes in August video:

Of course, for grapes, this is a laborious occupation, requiring time and effort from the gardener. But as a reward you will receive a healthy, actively growing and fruitful vine, which will become a real pride.

How to feed grapes in autumn to ripen the vine after harvest

Preparation for future wintering is the most important condition for obtaining good harvest next season. How to feed the grapes in the winter before the shelter? Feeding with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers will help to provide the ripening vine with all the necessary elements.

Phosphorus fertilization of grapes after fruiting:

• Take 10 liters of warm water
• 100 g superphosphate (5 tablespoons)
• stir thoroughly, apply fertilizing under 1 bush
• Water the plant abundantly after feeding

Feeding with superphosphate is especially useful in cold summers with prolonged rains, when the vine is very difficult to ripen. In this case, you can not prepare the solution, but simply sprinkle the fertilizer in the near-stem circle. The rains themselves will wash the fertilizer into the soil.

How to feed grapes with potash fertilizers in the fall

To feed the grapes with potassium in the fall, after harvesting, add a maximum of 50 grams (3 tablespoons) of potassium salt under the bush. It can be scattered in the trunk circle and watered abundantly on top. Or combine it with a liquid fertilizing with phosphorus by adding potassium salt to a superphosphate solution.

In addition, do not forget: if you have been feeding with ash during the spring and summer, this will be a very good basis for a safe wintering of grapes.

How to feed grapes after planting

When planting a young grape bush, it is useful to immediately add mineral dressing, which will become the main source of nutrients in the first 2 years of growth:

• Take 90 grams of nitroammophoska, mix it with garden soil in the planting hole and plant the plant.

Such a simple top dressing will give a charge for the full growth of the grape bush: the vine will grow quickly and ripen well.

How to feed young grapes in September

It is also useful to feed young grape bushes with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. Take 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate, 1 tbsp. l. potassium salt and add them dry in trunk circlemixed with the ground. Afterwards, abundant watering is recommended.

Grapes growing fruitful

When the grapes have almost bloomed, you can continue pinching. You should not delete large stepsons: they are necessary to create good conditions wintering of fruit buds. Only small processes are removed. If the winter was harsh and the bushes endured it hard, it is better to abandon pinching, since a weakened plant most likely has few young shoots.

Garter grapes

Young shoots are tied to a support with soft wire... The loop should not be tight so as not to damage the plant. It is best to tie up the grapes with the tendrils themselves - this will greatly facilitate the removal of the vine in the fall.

Pruning a young vineyard

On young bushes, they continue to form whips, removing unnecessary shoots:

• if several shoots emerge from one node, leave one of the strongest, and remove the rest;
• stepchildren grow in the leaf axils, which are removed completely or pinched, leaving 2-4 leaves;
• on fruiting bushes, you should finish trimming old, broken and damaged whips.

Formation of load of fruiting grapes

When forming the load of the crop on the bushes, it should be borne in mind that the clusters of the third and fourth order will be weak. Therefore, they must be removed. The ovary near the ground must also be removed. 1-2 of the largest and most well-formed clusters are left on one lash.

At the beginning of July, you can encounter such a phenomenon as shedding berries - this is a natural self-regulation of the load. You shouldn't fight him. The bush continues to grow actively, and with it the remaining ovary.

The full development and maturation of the brush depends on the number of leaves on the shoot, since it is in them that the fermentation of nutrients necessary for saturating the berries takes place. It is believed that for proper nutrition of a bunch weighing up to 2 kg, it is necessary to have at least 50 leaves on the whip. If there is no such amount of green mass, one non-fruiting shoot is left nearby, which will strengthen the feeding area of \u200b\u200bthis brush.

In the case when the grape variety gives bunches weighing 1-1.5 kg, one non-bearing one is left on 2 fruiting shoots. For varieties with small bunches: for 3 fruiting lashes, 1 non-fruiting one. In the first fruitful year, up to 10 clusters are left on one bush, up to 20 in the second, and then correspondingly.

Protection against diseases and pests

Most often, the bushes are affected by the spider mite (lat.Tetranychus urticae). In the fight against him, the drug Fufanon is used according to the instructions. In hot summer, preparations containing sulfur have a good effect in the fight against the pest: colloidal sulfur, Tiovit.

With a disease such as grape oidium (Latin Uncinula necator), the leaves become covered with grayish pollen, become curly and lag behind in development. For treatment, plants are treated with soda ash (30 g per 4 l of liquid) or a weak solution of potassium permanganate. High efficiency the drugs Vector and Topaz possess.

If you find an uncharacteristic bloom on the underside of the leaf, this indicates a disease such as mildew (lat.Peronospora viticola de bary). When the first symptoms are found, it is necessary to treat the bushes with Ridomil Gold.

If July turned out to be rainy, it is recommended after each rainfall to treat the planting of grapes with such preparations as: Topaz, Tiovit Jet or Horus. Such a preventive measure will protect plants from mildew and oidium. But it is worth remembering that it is impossible to carry out treatment with pesticides after the appearance of a gray-colored wax bloom on the berries.

Soil care and watering

The soil under the bush should be loose, moistened and weeded, the growth rate and the full development of the vine depend on this. Well-developed lashes should be 70-90 mm in diameter. Watering should only be done warm water under the root, without falling on the leaves. A crop such as grapes is better to underfill than overflow. For the normal development of the plant, watering is carried out a couple of times a month, but in dry weather and with a sharp stop in growth, it will be necessary to increase the amount of irrigation up to 1 time per week.

Immediately after flowering, the bushes must be well moistened: you will need 50-70 liters of liquid per plant. Water is introduced gradually in small portions. This is done so that moisture does not spread, but goes into the soil as deep as possible to feed the roots.

Top dressing of grapes in July

This culture needs a rich nutrient medium. If the necessary substances are not enough, oh good fruiting out of the question.

After flowering, it is necessary to carry out foliar spraying with Plantafol-ovary, which stimulates the growth of berries. In July, top dressing is combined with watering. To do this, use a solution of fermented herbs: 2 liters per 10 liters of water. 5 g of complex mineral fertilizers and 2 g of potassium sulfate are added to it. The resulting mixture is consumed for 3 m² of planting. Such feeding is equally useful for both young bushes and adults. In dry summers, it is recommended to repeat this procedure every week.

At the end of the month, when the berry reaches the size of a pea, it is recommended to feed with liquid organic matter: a bucket of chicken manure is poured with 3 buckets of water, and insisted for a week. 1 liter of solution is diluted in 10 liters of liquid and 1 bush is fed.

Mulching grapes

You can improve the quality of the grape harvest by mulching the soil under the bushes. To do this, use fallen needles. This procedure protects plants from fungal diseases, and the percentage of sugar in the berries increases significantly.

Burn protection in July

In especially hot weather, young plants are likely to burn their delicate bark and dry out the still unformed root system. Planting grapes should be well shaded and the soil should be regularly moistened.

Not only lovers of these fruits dream of their own vineyard, but also connoisseurs of wine drinks. However, it is one thing to plant grapes in July and forget about them, and quite another to understand in more detail how to care for grapes in the summer, what techniques to use, and whether it can be sprayed. Master basic points, and your vineyard will grow actively, and caring for homemade grapes in spring and summer will be a joy.

A beginner should definitely learn how to properly care for grapes in the summer months. Find out what to do with the grapes in June, and you will soon be able to wait for the first fruits. Usually, summer care for grapes - both in the first year and in subsequent years, includes several basic procedures. This is pruning, and applying top dressing to the substrate, and spraying from pests. But in order for all these components to be performed correctly, care for young grapes must be carried out step by step.

All green operations

Competent care of the grapes in summer will contribute to the active development of shrubs and the early ripening of fruits. To understand where exactly it is recommended to start, consider the following plant care requirements in June:

• it is necessary to control the intensity and direction of growth of foliage and the bush in general;
• a separate stage for the care of grapes - protection from pests and diseases;
• it is very important to create everything favorable conditions for shrub growth;
• it is also recommended to remove weeds in a timely manner and pinch the stepsons.

In order for grape care in June to be carried out according to the rules, you should consider them in more detail.

Tying

Cultivation and proper care of grapes begins with the timely tying of shrubs. To do this, after planting the vines, the plants must be tied to a trellis. Thus, the direction of growth will be set correctly. When it is worth resorting to this procedure depends largely on the climatic characteristics of the region. For example, in regions where, as a rule, there are no frosts in April, it is possible to tie up grapes at this time. But in most of the central and northern regions of the country, it is better to start tying in June.

Wreckage

In order for the grapes to bear fruit in August, it is necessary special attention to give a piece of old, weak or too thickening shoots. First, you will free the shrub from weak shoots, which are unlikely to properly form and ripen bunches of grapes. Secondly, you can "adjust" the load on the branches of the bush. Remember: you can break off the shoots if they have not yet reached 15–20 cm in length, otherwise you will only harm the plant.

Topping

Grape care in August often involves grafting the plant. For this, the cuttings must be prepared in advance. They are used in a lignified form. The essence of pinching is to have old cuttings embedded in the shrub. Thus, you can significantly rejuvenate a grape bush that no longer bears fruit as it used to. It is desirable that each branch has at least two eyes.

Stepping

Growing home vineyards is a responsible occupation, so you need to learn to pay attention to various little things. For example, greenery is often formed on the bush, which does not affect the intensity of fruiting. It is recommended to remove the stepchildren, which you can find in the axils of the leaves, as well as the mustache. Thus, all the energy of the bush will be directed towards the ripening of the grapes.

Chasing

Grape care in July and early August also includes a procedure called chasing. It is recommended to cut the tops of the shoots to the first full-fledged leaf (after about the 15th). This procedure is necessary, because after it is carried out, the growth rate of the branches decreases, while more energy from the bush is spent on making the fruits ripe sooner.

Winegrowers caring for young shrubs should take into account the fact that from time to time it is necessary to remove excess inflorescences and leaves on the plant.

Let's say no more than three weeks are left before harvest. This means that it's time to start breaking off some of the leaves. First of all, tear off the leaf plates that have grown at the bottom of the shrub. Then remove from it those leaves that shade the bunches of grapes.

Top dressing and watering

The grapes grown on the site must also be fertilized on time and correctly. The intensity of fruiting depends on this. Spraying grapes with liquid nutrients is not the best way out. As a rule, at a distance of 50–80 cm from the rhizome of the bush, a small hole or trench is dug, where additional fertilizing will be poured. It is better to divide this whole process into three key stages:

• at the beginning of spring, nitrogen mixtures and superphosphate are added to the soil. In order for top dressing to be effective, it is recommended to dilute fertilizers in water;
• before the beginning of the flowering phase, superphosphate, potassium and nitrogen mixtures are added to the substrate;
• when berries ripen on the bush in July-August, phosphorus and potassium dressing is applied to the soil.

Remember to water the shrubs as the ovaries appear. When the flowering phase begins or the harvest is approaching, irrigation of the vineyard should be stopped.

Disease and pest control

What you need to do with grapes to various diseases and the invasions of pests were not afraid of him? To do this, you need to find out how to spray the grapes. As a rule, most often the shrub suffers from fungal diseases. The use of store drugs will help you prevent their appearance. Which formulations to buy depends on your preferences and cost. The main thing is that the medicines contain colloidal sulfur and copper.

As a preventive measure, try to regularly inspect the bunches of grapes. If the berries are blackened in places, cracked or began to rot, it is recommended to remove the bunches from the bush, as they can cause serious diseases. Grow grapes in Chuvashia, as well Rostov region or in Ukraine it can be very effective if you adhere to the basic recommendations for caring for it.

Video "Planting and caring for grapes"

In this video, you will learn how to plant and care for grapes.