Grapes are considered unpretentious planthowever, for correct growth and good harvest it is necessary to feed grape seedlings in the first stages of its growth, so that in the future the berries are juicy and tasty.
Fertilizers
To feed the grapes correctly, you need to know which elements the plant needs most. Which fertilizers should be applied at the root, and which should be used for spraying the leaves.
Nitrogen fertilizers for grapes
Nitrogen helps leaves and shoots grow quickly and without problems. Most of the fertilizers containing nitrogen are applied in spring, when the growing season is just beginning. It should be noted that in August and autumn, it is impossible to introduce substances containing nitrogen. This can interfere with the maturation of the plant's wood.
The most popular nitrogen-based fertilizers are:
- Urea. It consists of 46% pure nitrogen. Carbamide is used both as foliar and root dressing of grapes. Due to the large amount of nitrogen in the composition, it can only be applied several years after planting. In order not to harm the plant, you need to dilute up to fifty grams of fertilizer per liter of water and add it to the soil.
- Ammonium nitrate. It is best to use the substance during flowering. Fertilizing the grapes while pouring berries is not recommended. This can affect the quality of the berries. Ammonium nitrate is best sprinkled on slightly damp ground around the bush.
Potash fertilizers for grapes
Potassium is another important trace element that is necessary for the full development of a plant. It accelerates the growth and ripening of the plant's berries. Nutrients consisting of potassium are great for feeding grapes in the fall, as such fertilizers prepare the plant well for cold weather.
Grapes are one of the crops that consume the most potassium from the soil, so you can feed the soil annually.
- Potassium sulfate. For good results, it is best to use this foliar application during the final stage of growth. The average amount of substance that will be needed is 20 grams per 10 liters of water, 40 grams of superphosphate must be added to the bucket. It neutralizes acidity.
- Potassium chloride. Contains 50% to 60% potassium. It is best to add lime to this fertilizer to neutralize acidity. Potassium chloride can be used in tandem with any micronutrient or nutrient other than urea.
Phosphate fertilizers for grapes
Phosphorus is one of the three most essential components for garden crops... Is he - perfect solution for feeding young grapes on initial stages growth and flowering. Thanks to the phosphorus base, flowers and berries develop much faster and better.
- Superphosphate. Contains up to 20% phosphorus in its composition and gypsum. Suitable for all types of soils, however, acidic ones must first be lime or lime added to the fertilizer solution. Superphosphate should be applied after flowering begins. This will help the fruit develop better during the ripening period.
- Double superphosphate. It consists of 50% phosphoric acid, but does not contain gypsum. It is used in the same way as simple superphosphate.
Complex and compound fertilizers
Complex nutrients are made up of two or more elements.
- Azofoska. It is a combination of three main macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It is found in two types - dry and dissolved. The first one must be brought under the bush. The amount of substance is up to sixty grams per plant. It can be used only during the warm season. The liquid form consists of two tablespoons of azofoska, diluted in one bucket of water, the solution must be poured under the root.
- Bischofite. A complex fertilizer containing magnesium, boron, iodine and bromine. In total, more than ten components. Used for foliar feeding of grapes. It is necessary to dissolve ten liters of water in 150 milliliters of bishal, but, in order not to damage the plant, the dosage can be reduced by almost half. This tool is used as a boron fertilization of grapes. In terms of quantity, this element in bischofite takes the second place, magnesium is in the first place.
Organic fertilization
Top dressing of grapes ash - perfect solution. It is best to use only woody ones. Ashes after burning coal are not used at all as fertilizer; they contain toxins that are harmful to plants.
The ash of the tree has a large number of micronutrients that are beneficial to the plant. For example, magnesium, boron, potassium and phosphorus. Can be used as a soil acidity regulator.
Other organic fertilizer - bird droppings... It helps to almost double the fertility and accelerate the ripening process for several weeks.
To understand how to feed grapes with chicken droppings, you need to remember important rule: Before applying such a fertilizer, you need to prepare a special nutrient solution for the plant. Fresh droppings can irritate the soil and shoots.
For 20 liters of water, about 1 kilogram of droppings are needed, the solution must be infused for two weeks. Fertilizer should be applied at a short distance from the bush in small portions into holes, up to 35 centimeters deep. For full fertilization of the plant, two buckets are enough.
Folk remedies for fertilizing grapes
One of the most effective means - yeast feeding. The recipe is quite simple: 
- One gram of dry baker's yeast must be dissolved in one liter of slightly warmed water, add a teaspoon of sugar, mix thoroughly until completely dissolved. The mixture should be infused for a couple of hours. Before fertilizing plants, dilute one liter of the finished solution with five liters of clean water.
- Dilute fifty grams of live yeast in a liter of slightly warmed water, let it brew a little. It is also necessary to dilute the fertilizer with five liters of water before watering.
Microfertilizers
In addition to the three main elements in the composition of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, for full growth and good productivity, grapes also need other trace elements: boron, magnesium, zinc and others.
Micronutrient fertilizers are one of the most popular fertilizers. They exist great amount... For example, potassium magnesium, which contains 28% potassium, 18% magnesium and about 16% sulfur.
Microfertilizers also include copper fertilizers, which are used for foliar feeding.
One gram of the substance is enough to spray one bush. You need to make it no more than once every four years.
Root dressing scheme for grapes
To properly feed, you need to know the dosage and timing. It is better to add less than randomly fill in useless and sometimes harmful substances.
Spring feeding of grapes is considered the most an important milestone... It helps shrubs to recover from frost and stimulates fertility.
Top dressing methods
Separate root and foliar dressing. They differ in the way they are introduced. In the first case, nutrients must be poured or placed under the bush for the best effect. The second can be considered an auxiliary stage. Leaf dressing helps the plant to develop correctly, stimulates the growth of shoots and ovaries, and increases productivity.
Foliar dressing
If the grapes are planted in soil that is saturated with microelements, then the first three years do not need to be fertilized, since the plant will feed on substances from the soil. Foliar dressing contributes to the development and improvement of yields. The first time the leaves should be processed before flowering, the second time after flowering, and the third time during the maturation of the brushes. Foliar dressing of grapes is carried out regardless of the amount and type of fertilizers that are applied to root system plants.
To know exactly how to feed the grapes, you need to start from the type of soil and the age of the plant. The most important elements are nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Almost all fertilizers contain them. Boron, magnesium, zinc and iodine are also needed for proper growth. Thanks to the ability to properly and timely feed the grapes, you can get juicy and tasty fruits.
When growing fruit crops, gardeners get tasty fruits. In the first stage of plant life, an immune system is formed, which will further protect against diseases and reactions to climatic changes. In the review, we will tell you in detail when and what fertilizing is needed for young grapes.
A young vineyard needs feeding from the second year after planting
reference Information
A man has been growing fruit vines for his own needs for a long time, therefore he knows all the whims and requirements delicate plant... In addition to watering and fighting disease, the crop needs regular fertilization. In natural nature, everything that the grapes take from the soil is returned in the fall in the form of the remains of leaves, stems, fruits. For cultivating vines in agriculture additional feeding is needed.
Inexperienced growers often forget to put a complex “pillow” in the planting hole, from which the vine will draw nutrients.
Even on the most fertile soils, all trace elements are drawn out after five to six years. Plants will not survive until fruiting without additional inputs.
Before planting, the hole must be well filled
It is recommended to plant grape bushes on nutritious soils with the addition of concentrated fertilizer to the hole. The more trace elements, the better the plant develops. The roots of the fruit vine are very strong and long, they penetrate deep into the soil in search of moisture and additional fertilizing.
Substances in the planting pit feed the culture for three years, and then mineral and organic preparations must be regularly added.
Active growth of the bush is possible only with sufficient nutrition
What is the threat if you do not fertilize the grapes? The yield of the plant is deteriorating. Even if the vine is actively blooming, the vine does not have the strength to form fruit. Peas occur, and then berry ripening stops. The culture has no immunity, so diseases and pests appear at the first opportunity.
The lack of minerals negatively affects the resistance to weather changes: the fruit vine will not be able to survive drought or frost.
What fertilizing is important for grapes?
At different stages of development, the plant needs various trace elements. Therefore, you cannot use only complex fertilizers, since the result will be disastrous.
- Nitrogen. It is necessary for the formation and development of green mass in a plant. The disadvantage is manifested in the form of a pale color of foliage, falling antennae and ovaries. Applications are carried out in the spring, when the culture is actively growing shoots and leaves. In summer, the substance will slow down the ripening of fruits, and at the beginning of autumn it will not allow to prepare for wintering.
Lack of nutrition - nitrogen and phosphorus
- Phosphorus. A useful trace element that allows the plant to bloom and form ovaries. With a deficiency, the growth of green mass and fruits slows down, and the foliage turns dark green or purple-red.
- Potassium. Thanks to the mineral, the fruits ripen quickly, and the fruit vine actively grows wood for wintering. A characteristic sign of a lack of substance is a brown trace along the edge of the leaf, and when loaded with fruits, the green mass turns brown completely.
- Magnesium. The necessary microelement on which plant health and yield depend. With a lack of substance, yellow-brown spots appear on the foliage. Weakened shoots develop slowly, and when the fruit ripens, the stalk dries out.
- Bor. Improves the taste and quality of berries, accelerates the ripening of the bunches. The lack of a trace element negatively affects the quality of pollen, the growth point of the shoots dies off. The foliage becomes convex and takes on mosaic shades.
- Copper. Without substance, grapes do not tolerate frost and drought. The introduction of the mineral improves the growth of shoots.
The grape bush died due to frost
- Zinc. Needed to improve crop yields. With a shortage, shoots are deformed. The foliage is covered with dirty green spots.
- Molybdenum. The substance is needed for better assimilation of nitrogen in spring and summer. Deficiency leads to impaired cellular metabolism, the formation of chlorophyll decreases.
An excess of substances is as dangerous as a deficiency.
Inexperienced gardeners often overfeed grapes nitrogen fertilizers... The culture devotes all its strength to the formation of lashes and new leaves. The introduction of the mineral in the fall is dangerous, since the bushes vigorously grow green mass to the detriment of wood. As a result, the unprepared fruit vine enters the winter and dies.
Fertilizers
Novice growers often do not know which preparations are best for feeding young fruit vines. Therefore, the funds are chosen universal or at random. There are two types of fertilizers, which we will briefly discuss.
Introduction mineral fertilizers should be dosed
- Mineral. For the convenience of gardeners, a modern chemical industry offers complex dressings (Florovit, Master-Agro, Kemira), one-component (ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium chloride) and containing 2-3 elements (ammophos, nitrophoska).
- Organic. Humus and compost contain all the beneficial trace elements that are needed for the development of grapes. Without natural fertilizing, microflora and soil aeration are disturbed. The nutrients are in an easily digestible form, so the excess will not poison the soil. Ash is an excellent source of potassium and phosphorus, which does not contain harmful impurities.
“Any available organic residues (food and plant residues) are used for composting. This type of organic fertilizer improves the structure of the soil and provides the grape bush with all the necessary mineral and organic substances. For the best result, the compost is mixed in different proportions (depending on the soil structure) with peat, straw, manure. "
Compost for grapes is applied in autumn
Inexperienced growers always go to extremes - they overfeed the bushes with chemistry or fill them with organic matter.
For each type of fertilizer, there is a time at which the plants absorb better. In the spring and before wintering, it is recommended to add natural substances, and during the summer and early autumn - mineral preparations.
Another mistake is using fresh manure or chicken manure. If you add an unfermented preparation, then heat will start to be released during rotting, and this is dangerous for the roots of the grapes.
Fresh manure cannot be used, only rotted
Remember: animal waste is collected in a barrel and filled with water. After 10 days, top dressing will gain useful properties.
Terms of introduction
So that the grapes develop correctly and give excellent harvest, to add dressings, there are recommended application times. Mandatory procedures fertilization is carried out several times during the growing season.
Remember: you cannot fertilize and water the grapes when the plant is in bloom. This is a very crucial period and if the culture is disturbed, then the flowers will begin to shed, followed by peeling of the fruits.
Top dressing on the sheet is carried out:
- 5 days before flowering;
- after fruit formation;
- before ripening.
If the vineyard is planted on sandy or loamy soils, then young plants will not have enough fertilizer from the planting pit. Then experienced gardeners recommend applying.
- First year. In the spring after the first wintering and in the fall, they are watered with a liquid solution of complex preparations. Powdered products are poorly absorbed by weak roots.
- Second year. During this period, in the spring, it is allowed to fertilize with liquid humus with the addition of superphosphate. In autumn, a non-concentrated organic solution with potassium and phosphorus is introduced.
How is fertilized
In order for the grapes to fully absorb the nutrient mixture, you need to properly fertilize. This is especially true of young plants that are opened in spring after wintering. Chemical elements can burn the roots, which will cause inhibition of development or death of plantings.
Application of mineral fertilizers for the second year in the pits
Mineral or organic fertilizers are always applied to the area where the plant roots are located.
It is recommended to dig a trench around the vine, the depth of which does not exceed 50 cm. A nutrient mixture is added to this hole, and then everything is covered with soil. If you perform this procedure for the winter, then the culture is sufficient for feeding until spring.
There are enough nutrients in the planting pit for young grapes for three years. Then the application of mineral fertilizers is carried out according to the seasonal schedule. Experienced gardeners it is advised to remove the soil at the base of the bushes on two bayonets of a shovel and fill it with liquid humus or compost. Cover with earth from above. This fertilizer is enough for young plants for another two years.
Liquid top dressing can be used under the root and on the leaves
"Fertilizer consumption rates for top dressing depend on soil fertility, weather conditions and the strength of the growth of the bushes."
Never apply top dressing to dry soil. Before starting work, weeds are removed at the base of the bushes, carefully loosened. The grapes must be watered warm water before the procedure, and then fertilized with a solution of drugs.
Remember: the products are diluted according to the instructions so that the chemicals do not burn the roots.
Leaf burns due to watering in sunny weather
Experienced growers apply leaf fertilization to the fruit vine. Foliar dressing is perfectly absorbed by the green mass and is easier to digest. In young plants, fruits ripen faster, the amount of sugar in berries increases. The concentration of the drug is weaker than with conventional procedures. The application is made by spraying through a garden spray bottle.
It is imperative to water before feeding
Foliar feeding is carried out in the evening or in cloudy weather. Remember: droplets chemical substances in the sun will turn into a lens and burn the foliage. The preparations are washed off after rain, so it is recommended to coordinate garden work with the forecast in advance.
If you apply superficially in spring and summer, then most of the trace elements evaporate. Fertilizer shortages will quickly negative impact on the development of young grapes. If the preparations are applied unconcentrated and with insufficient watering, then the roots will not develop downward. The processes that have grown on the surface will quickly freeze at the first frost.
Pipes for irrigation with fertilizing - very convenient
In the spring, when planting a fruit vine, a thin plastic pipe, through which it is easy to pour fertilizers later. A simple design will quickly deliver nutrients directly to the roots. With this method of feeding, less trace elements are lost and evaporate.
Fertilizers for young grapes are a nutrient medium that will allow the stem and whip to form correctly, as well as strengthen the immunity of the bush. Our recommendations will help you choose the right preparations for all stages of fruit vine development and prevent a lack of substances.
Grapes are a garden culture that everyone has summer cottage or vegetable garden. But in order for the shrub to produce a good harvest every year, it must be properly looked after. Special attention should be given to feeding the vineyard. Specialists have developed fertilizer application schemes, which are adjusted depending on which belt the crop grows in and the variety of the vineyard. Consider why grape feeding is generally needed, and how to properly implement it.
Why fertilize grapes
Caring for grapes is not only about covering shrubs for the winter and cutting off unnecessary shoots. Like any other horticultural crop, the vineyard needs certain substances, which, ideally, it gets from the soil. If this or that component is not enough, then the plant begins to bear fruit poorly and hurt. Therefore, fertilizers should be applied that compensate for the lack of one or another element. But, at the same time, it should be remembered that an overabundance of even the most useful element can lead to the appearance of bush diseases. Therefore, all fertilizers should be applied in a specific sequence.
Many people have a question why in wildlife all plants grow perfectly and without feeding. In the wild, most of the crop falls to the ground, rotting there. It turns out that all the components that the shrub took from the soil during the fruiting period come back. When the shrub is cultivated, the entire crop is harvested. It is also worth noting the fact that in the wild, the vineyard grows only on those soils that suit it. When planting a shrub in the country, we do not think about whether the soil contains everything necessary for this plant, or not.
For top dressing to be effective, they must be done at a specific time. In addition, each period corresponds to a specific fertilizer.
How to fertilize the vineyard
Before answering the question, you should understand what grapes need for normal growth and development. This shrub needs nitrogen, copper, potassium, phosphorus, zinc and boron. Accordingly, feeding grapes is the introduction of those fertilizers into the soil, which contain the above microelements.
All fertilizers that are applied under vines are divided into 2 groups:
- basic;
- additional or top dressing.
Basic fertilizers, as a rule, are applied no more than once every 24 months. An exception is made if the soil is excessively depleted. Additional fertilizers, or, as they are more often called, fertilizing are applied several times a season, small. We apply top dressing in liquid form.
In addition to manure, which is used as a top dressing for all horticultural crops, we add peat, potassium, compost under vines, potassium sulfate, bird droppings, phosphorus, saltpeter, nitrogen, etc.
Manure is the main fertilizer that contains everything you need for the health of the vine. By by and large manure improves the quality of the soil, makes it more fertile. Any organic matter acts as an alternative to manure. We introduce overripe manure into the soil, which contains the mineral elements necessary for the vineyard (phosphorus, for example).
Any mineral fertilizer can be used as top dressing. We give preference to fertilizers, which contain several mineral elements at once. Ammophos, azofosk and nitroammofosk are effective.
In addition to mineral fertilizers, which contain several components, potassium chloride, phosphorus, potassium sulfate, nitrogen, potassium magnesium, ammonium nitrate, boric acid, granular superphosphate, urea, and ash are used as top dressing.
Feeding calendar
In order for the shrub to be healthy and give a good harvest every year, it needs to be fed five times during the summer season.
1st feeding
In early spring we do the first top dressing. As soon as the warm sun appears, we apply a 3-component fertilizer to the soil, which is easy to make on our own. To feed one grape bush in 10 liters of water, we dilute 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of ammonium nitrate and 5 g of potassium salt. If you are preparing fertilizer for all bushes at once, then when applying it to the soil, use a measuring bucket. Do not add more substance to the soil than 10 liters.
The second option of the first top dressing involves the introduction of superphosphate (40 g), nitrogen (40 g) and potassium (30 g) fertilizers into the soil. In this case, fertilizers are applied dry. Fertilizer weight per bush.
In parallel, you can fertilize the shrub with liquid fertilizers. But make sure that they do not contain chlorine. In this case, it is important to properly fertilize the bush. First, make a hole near the bush. Then, into this hole, pour 10 liters of pre-warmed (but not hot) water, fertilizers diluted in water, and water again. The preparations are diluted based on the manufacturer's recommendations. We are waiting for the soil to dry out. Then we gently loosen it. Even during the first feeding, the shrub is fertilized with ammonium sulfate.
This is the only top dressing that comes in the spring. All other top dressing of grapes is carried out in the summer.
2nd feeding
The second time we fertilize the vines 1.5-2 weeks before flowering. Depending on the climatic zone it could be late May or early June. If we talk about the Moscow region, for example, then we perform the second feeding of grapes in early June. At this stage, you can use exactly the same 3-part liquid fertilizer as during the first feeding.
You can prepare a liquid fertilizer from 40 g of nitrogen fertilizers, 40 g of potash fertilizers, 50 g of superphosphates and 10 liters of water. At the same time, we add chicken droppings diluted in water or a slurry prepared from manure to the soil. For the preparation of liquid fertilizing, manure and water are taken in a 1: 2 ratio. After preparing the slurry, it is left for at least a week, and preferably 1.5, in a barrel. Use, respectively, fermented fertilizer, after diluting it with water (ratio 1: 6). Superphosphate and potassium fertilizers can be added to the resulting mixture (20 and 15 g per 10 liters of water, respectively). Before introducing the slurry into the ground, we dig a groove or hole near the bush. We bring, on average, 1.5 buckets of slurry per 1 bush.
3rd feeding
This grape dressing is performed in July. Depending on the climatic conditions times may vary. This dressing of grapes is done after flowering, just before the ripening of the berries, the size of which should correspond to the size of the peas. At this stage, the shrub needs potash fertilization. We also add superphosphate to the soil. But nitrogen is not added during the third feeding. You can prepare complex fertilizers (as during the second feeding, for example).
If the third top dressing of the vineyard is carried out in a timely manner, then the yield will increase by at least 1.5 times. Will improve and appearance berries.
4th feeding
As soon as the berries begin to ripen, and this will happen in the second half of August, the bushes should be fertilized for the fourth time. How to feed the grapes during the period that falls on the end of July or the beginning of August? Be sure to apply fertilizers that contain potassium (50 g is enough per bush). Also, it will not be superfluous to apply fertilizers, which contain phosphorus. For 1 bush, 100 g of fertilizer is enough. Accordingly, we also apply 50 g of phosphorus fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers should be excluded at this stage.
5th feeding
The last time the shrub is fertilized is after harvest. The best feeding at this stage - potash fertilizers. They will help the vineyard survive the winter frosts.
Types of dressings
Regardless of whether feeding is done during the ripening of the berries or only at the stage of the appearance of the ovary, it can be done in different ways.
Root dressing
Root dressing of grapes assumes that fertilizers will be applied directly to the soil. It aims to strengthen the roots of the plant. Strictly speaking, the above-described feeding schedule is the root feeding scheme. Many are limited to the introduction of nutrients into the soil, considering this a sufficient measure for the normal development of the shrub. However, this is a misconception. Root dressing alone is not enough.
Foliar or foliar feeding
Leaves are taken care of by foliar feeding. At the same time, foliar feeding of grapes is no less important than root. And you need to understand that it is not an alternative to root feeding. As a rule, it is performed simultaneously with spraying the shrub for diseases. As in the case of root dressing, experts recommend doing it 4 times. But, at the same time, the timing of fertilization is somewhat different.
The first foliar dressing of grapes is performed before the flowering of the shrub. Spray the plant a second time after the ovary has appeared. The third spraying falls at the beginning of the ripening of the brushes, and the fourth is done after the berries have softened. Shrub can be processed boric acid... But, about the advisability of such an action, the opinions of gardeners differ. It is more expedient to prepare complex solutions with boric acid.
There are preparations on sale that can be sprayed on vineyards on a green leaf before the ovary appears and during fruiting. They are usually sold as a dry concentrate. Before use, they must be diluted with water according to the instructions. Some gardeners perform top dressing on a green leaf before the ovary appears, considering spraying the formed clusters inappropriate. But such a top dressing will not harm both before flowering and during it. This is due to the fact that the leaves are treated with drugs that are harmless to the human body.
Minor dressings
In addition to the main five dressings of grapes, you can additionally apply fertilizers. So feeding grapes during flowering is performed with folk remedies (the same ash, for example). If the vine does not ripen, then use monophosphate, which will solve this problem. And to accelerate the ripening process of berries, drugs are used, which contain phosphorus. You can also fertilize the shrub with preparations containing boric acid.
Also, non-main ones include top dressing during planting of the cuttings. In addition to organic matter, superphosphate and wood ash, potassium salt are placed in the prepared hole. This will allow the cuttings to sprout quickly. A cutting planted in this way will grow rapidly and will yield a crop in the second year. When correct fit For the first few years, you don't need to worry about fertilizing at all. It is enough to add preparations that allow the berries to gain sugar and ripen faster (this should be done in the first months of summer), which promote the growth of a young shoot. You can limit yourself to processing a vineyard on a green leaf. But we use drugs that are intended for this method processing.
Rules for feeding
Fertilizing grapes with fertilizers will give the desired result only if it is done correctly.
- All the necessary substances must be introduced into the soil in a timely manner.
- Watering and feeding grapes with liquid fertilizers is advisable to carry out simultaneously. In this case, do not overfill the ground.
- Foliar feeding of shrubs is carried out in calm weather. It is better to spray the vineyard after sunset. In this case, you should carefully select the equipment for spraying. The smaller the drops falling on the leaves, the better the result of the procedure.
- To achieve the maximum effect of the procedure, root and foliar feeding should be carried out simultaneously.
- Before introducing liquid solutions into the soil, you must first make a deepening. There are components, nitrogen, for example, which evaporate in the air. Therefore, they must penetrate the ground as quickly as possible. There is also a group of elements that are considered inactive. Therefore, they may remain in the surface layers of the soil and not reach the root system of the shrub.
- Top dressing of grapes in July and August with nitrogen fertilizers cannot be done. The same applies to chicken manure and mullein, used in the form of liquid solutions. Otherwise growth vine will be delayed, and the harvest will ripen quite late. But it is advisable to feed grapes in June with nitrogen fertilizers. In the spring, fertilize the soil with ammonium nitrate.
- Choose a quality fertilizer, both for root feeding of grapes and for foliar. And remember that summer treatment is different from winter treatment. In the first case, you need to saturate the soil with elements that contribute to the growth of shoots and the ripening of berries. When processing for the winter, you need to strengthen the roots.
- Hang the grape feeding scheme in the most visible place, and mark all the steps taken. This will help you not miss a single spray. The calendar for processing shrubs and trees is practically the same. Therefore, it is possible to draw up a single schedule for the entire garden, with a field for notes.
Important points
It is worth adding various trace elements to the soil not only in summer, but throughout the year. It is very important to choose the right seedlings. For example, varieties such as Isabella and girlish grapes grow well on any soil. There are varieties that are demanding on the soil, and with a lack of certain trace elements grow extremely poorly.
On the packaging of each fertilizer, it is indicated in which month, or at what stage of development of the shrub, it is advisable to use it. Do not deviate from these recommendations, and remember to enrich the soil with trace minerals after harvest.
Watering is done after applying dry fertilizers under the roots. If it comes about processing liquid preparations on a green leaf, then the shrub should be watered after it has absorbed all the useful components from the solution used.
Conclusion
Caring for any horticultural crop involves the application of fertilizers. You need to fertilize the soils several times per season. Special attention require young seedlings. In addition to root dressings, foliar should be applied. Be sure to fertilize the soil with a mullein. In addition to using the above fertilizers, you can use folk remedies. So, for example, grape feeding with ash or yeast can be performed. You can sprinkle the bushes with dry ash, or you can dilute it in water.
It is worth noting that many folk remedies, and ash is no exception, help protect the vineyard from various diseases... But, none folk remedy will not be as effective as mineral and organic fertilizers.
Grapes are a valuable gift of nature to us, people. Tastes great and very useful berry for many centuries it brings us joy and health. To get a rich and high-quality grape harvest every year, it is necessary to provide decent care for the plant, one of the necessary conditions which is periodic feeding and mineral fertilizers, and organic matter. In this article, we will tell you about what you can feed grapes in the spring.
Fertilizing grapes in the spring is the key to a good harvest in the fall, so this matter must be taken with full responsibility. The main goal of feeding grapes is to saturate the soil with substances and microelements necessary for the growth and fruiting of the plant. Let's take a closer look:
- Phosphorus is most important during flowering to obtain more ovaries;
- Zinc influences the harvest of grape plants, the so-called crop stimulant;
- Nitrogen is essential for the formation of healthy shoots and leaves;
- Boron is added so that the berry is sweet;
- Copper will protect the vine from drought and frost;
- Potassium is added to accelerate fruit ripening.
We have decided on the beneficial substances for grapes, now we will figure out which fertilizers all this contains, when and how they are introduced into the soil.
Fertilizers for feeding grapes in spring
Novice winegrowers often have a question: "How to fertilize grapes?" For this, both mineral fertilizers and organic matter are used. Of the latter, the following are very effective:
- Manure is an irreplaceable agent for grapes that can replace all fertilizers existing in the world taken together. It contains absolutely everything necessary for the growth and fruiting of a plant;
- Chicken droppings are wonderful folk way top dressing that promotes the development of the vine. In composition, it is similar to manure, however, it must be diluted with water before being introduced into the ground due to its high toxicity;
- Compost is an excellent spring top dressing, which is very easy to prepare, and the grapes really like it;
- Mulch - improves soil composition, air and water balance, saturates with all nutrients;
- Siderata - equal to manure, restore the structure of the soil and nourish with all the necessary elements;
- Ash is a very valuable organic fertilizer that nourishes and heals grapes at the same time.
But for more complete top dressing of the vine, in combination with organic substances, mineral fertilizers are used. With the use of chemicals, you need to be extremely careful - non-compliance with the ratios of the components can adversely affect the vineyard or even lead to its death.
When to fertilize in spring
The first feeding is done in April, when the grapes are still sheltered from the winter cold. The region where the vineyard grows should be taken into account - the further south the area, the earlier fertilization is applied.
The second falls in May, about two weeks before the beginning of flowering of the vine.
The third feeding is when the grapes have reached the size of peas. At this time, the grapes most of all need additional nutrients for fruit ripening.
The fourth feeding is carried out at the beginning of the ripening of the berries.
Fertilizer is applied in special holes - grooves, which are made around the bushes 1 m in diameter and 40 cm deep. The solution is distributed evenly into these holes.
Organic fertilizing
It is good to feed the grapes with slurry, which is prepared as follows: a bucket of manure is dissolved in 3 buckets of water and fermented for several days. Then the resulting solution is diluted with water again (1:10) and the plant is watered.
If there is no manure, then compost can be used. It is easy to cook it on your own. garden plot... To do this, a place is allocated somewhere in the corner near the fence and all organic waste (sawdust, grass, leaves, potato peelings From above, all this is sprinkled with a layer of earth, then another layer of plant and food waste, and so on until you get a bunch of two meters high. Do not forget to water it with water. Waste can be mixed with lime.
An excellent fertilizer not only for grapevines - chicken droppings. Before use, it is diluted with water (1: 2) and insisted for a couple of weeks. The bushes are watered, diluted with water again, only in a 1: 5 ratio. One bush will take half a liter of the resulting fertilizer.
You can use wood ash or sunflower seed shell ash. To do this, mix it with water 1: 2 and stir it from time to time, leave it for 2-3 days. After filtering and adding three more parts of water. Such a solution will not easily feed young grapes, and when sprayed, it will also protect it from fungal diseases.
We feed with minerals
In the spring, single-component minerals (superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium salt and potassium chloride) and ready-made complex fertilizers (Kemira, Aquarin, Novofert, etc.) are used as fertilizers for the vine.
At the first top dressing, such a mixture is used - dry potash fertilizers 30 grams, superphosphate 40 grams and nitrogen the same amount are introduced into the pits where the grape bushes wintered, sprinkled with earth. There are special preparations for feeding, for example, "Solution". It is diluted with water according to the instructions and introduced into the holes, after pouring a bucket of water there. After fertilizing, pour a bucket of water again.
For the second feeding, such a composition is suitable - 30 g of potash fertilizer. 40 - nitrogen and 50 - superphosphate are diluted with water. It is good to combine such fertilizer with organic matter - a solution of cow manure or chicken manure, and if you use both together, then you can add 2 times less mineral fertilizers.
During the third feeding, complex fertilizers are used - 30 grams of fertilizer per bucket of water.
For the fourth time, the vine is "fed" exclusively with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Potash “chemistry” can be replaced with ash.
A traditional nutrient solution is made as follows: for watering one plant, 5 grams of potassium salt, 10 grams of ammonium nitrate and 20 grams of superphosphate are taken.
You will get the best effect if you alternate organic matter with mineral fertilizers.
Additional fertilizing of the vineyard
For additional feeding of grape bushes in the spring, a special trench is dug half a meter deep, 0.8 meters wide. The trench is placed either in front of the vine rows or behind. 4 buckets of humus or manure are added to it, which is then mixed with the earth, and humus is thrown on top again and the dug ditch is leveled with the remaining earth. Such recharge is enough for several years.
Foliar dressing
Supplement to root spring feeding vines are foliar. Useful substances enter the plant not only through the root system, but also through the leaves. Such top dressing is carried out by spraying through a sprayer. For spraying, you can use a solution of urea (40 grams), citric acid (20 grams), boric acid (15 grams), ferrous sulfate (1 gram) in water (10 liters). Plants are sprayed before and after flowering.
If you are unwilling to prepare such a solution yourself for foliar dressing, you can use finished preparations type "Kemira", etc. Each preparation is suitable for feeding in different periods vegetation of the plant. For spraying, a solution based on wood ash, as mentioned above.
Top dressing iron vitriol It is very important for grape bushes in that it not only saturates the plants with the iron they need for growth, but also protects against diseases, and the buds of the plant during frosts.
It is advisable to carry out foliar dressing on a cloudy, windless day.
Top dressing of grapes when planting
Before planting grapes in the spring, a mixture of fertilizers prepared in a separate container must be introduced into the soil: 10 kg of rotted cow manure is mixed with 200 grams of superphosphate and 250 grams of wood ash. This proportion of components is calculated for 1 sq. m.
Or here's another option for a nutrient mixture during planting: a hole for a grape bush is filled with peat - 30 kg or 20 kg of compost and rotted manure, 200-300 grams of superphosphate, 40 grams of potassium chloride, 100-150 grams of potash fertilizer and a couple of kg of wood ash ... In poor soil, it is recommended to increase the amount of manure applied to 3 buckets.
When cultivating grapes, winegrowers often have to deal with the problem of a lack of useful elements in the soil. During its growth and as the crop blossoms and ripens, the vine can significantly deplete even fertile soils. The grape bush has the ability to suck out the substances necessary for it from the soil.
The older and stronger he becomes, the more his need for these substances grows. If they are not replenished annually, then over time the bush will weaken, the yields will decrease, the taste of the berries will deteriorate, and the ability of the vine to withstand frost will seriously decrease.
Therefore, tenants in the care of vineyards necessarily carry out work on fertilizing the soil and feeding the bushes. Beginners often make the mistake of believing that fertilizers are necessary for young bushes that have an underdeveloped root system, while a hardened vine that has been growing for several years is able to independently extract the necessary substances with powerful roots.
But the most experienced ones understand that the stronger the roots, the more items they can pick up from the soil in short time, and replenishment in a natural way will take too long.
Experienced growers can easily distinguish by the type of plant in which elements it needs at a particular moment of its growth and timely fertilize the grapes, feeding the bush with the missing elements.
Useful substances and microelements necessary for grapes, their role and influence on plant growth and yield quality
Throughout the entire period of growth and fruiting, the vineyard needs a whole range of mineral and organic fertilizers. Despite the fact that the fertile soil for vineyards is fertilized every three years, in addition to this, at various stages of growth and ripening of grapes, it must be fed with the missing elements.
It is important to remember that top dressing cannot replace the basic work of fertilizing the soil for vineyards and are rather an addition to provide the bush with the necessary substances when it is needed.
The most important elements for grapes are nitrogen and potassium, but there is also a need for phosphorus, copper, boron and zinc.
- Zinc. Is an important element, which is part of the respiratory enzyme, participates in photosynthesis, affects the activity of vitamins, affects the oxidation of proteins and the formation of growth stimulants. A sufficient presence of zinc in the plant significantly increases the formation of organic acids and affects the yield of grapes.
Effective as an antifungal agent. Often used as a Bordeaux liquid, which is made from copper sulfate mixed with slaked lime. To avoid burns, copper sulfate is not used in its pure form, but the prepared solution is carried out spring work on in cases where she often suffers from fungal infections.- Bor. The effect of boron on plants is manifested in an increase in the number of ovaries, a decrease in shedding of flowers and fruits, an increase in the sugar content of berries and a decrease in their wateriness to prevent cracking of the skin, which leads to an increase in yield and an improvement in its quality. IN natural conditions boron is absent in the soil and can enter the plant metabolism only through fertilizers.
Nitrogen. It has a significant effect on the growth of green mass, shoots, the formation of the size of berries and their taste. Most often this element is required in the spring. This is the time when the growers feed them abundantly to the vines to get strong shoots and create a rich and tasty harvest.
In the summer, when the bushes have gained sufficient green mass, the shoots and brushes of the future harvest necessary for the formation are selected and left, the need for nitrogen is greatly reduced, and in the last month of summer it becomes harmful. Therefore, from the middle of the growing season, it is excluded from the grape diet and replaced with phosphorus and potash fertilizers.
Potassium. Promotes accelerated maturation yield and increased accumulation of sugar in berries, increases the resistance of the vine to fungal diseases, drought and frost. During the second half of summer, during the ripening period of berries, grapes especially need potassium, but by this time its deficiency begins to be felt in the soil. Most of reserves of this element are spent on the formation of ovaries and the development of brushes, as well as in a large number accumulates in the green mass.
In case of a lack of potassium, the plant will collect it from leaves, stems, and also roots and direct it to the bunches, but this is most likely not enough. To help the grapes grow a juicy, ripe, sweet harvest without weakening the vine before winter period, potassium sulfate is introduced into the soil by feeding, which remains in the berries even after the harvest is ripe.
It is an indispensable element during flowering and the formation of ovaries in bunches, significantly accelerates this process and contributes to the accumulation of sugar and aromatic elements in berries, and is also responsible for their intense color.
Phosphorus has a beneficial effect on the development of the root system, which improves the metabolism in the plant and strengthens it before the winter period. In the soil, phosphorus is in the form of hard-to-reach compounds, therefore, work on feeding grapes with phosphorus fertilizers greatly facilitates their extraction by the plant and accelerates the processes of accumulation and processing.
Trace elements that are no less important and useful for grapes are better replenished and absorbed if they are absorbed by the plant not through the root system, but by the green grape mass. Therefore, in order to improve conditions for the ripening of the crop, work is being carried out to spray the bushes with special solutions.
Fertilizers
Many novice winegrowers are concerned about the question: how to fertilize grapes and what fertilizers are best used for a particular period of plant growth and harvest ripening. Which is better: balanced inorganic or organic naturalness? When to carry out fertilization work, and when are small top dressings enough? How often should such work be carried out and how to fertilize the grapes in order to get a rich harvest and not harm the plant?
Fertilizers are of two types:
- mineral;
- organic.
Mineral fertilizers are inorganic balanced compounds with a high content of substances necessary for the plant in the form of mineral salts. Reasonable use of inorganic fertilizers will provide grapes with all the substances necessary for the plant, which are important for normal growth and abundant fruiting.
But do not get carried away and forget that their excessive use can disrupt the metabolism of the plant and the soil balance of nutrients, thereby causing significant harm not only to the vine, but also to the soil and humans.
Mineral fertilizers are subdivided into:
Organic fertilizers are a product of the vital activity of plants and animals, the nutritional elements of which consist of organic compounds and are formed as a result of natural decomposition of organic matter. These are manure, humus, compost, bird droppings, peat and others.
The decomposition of organic matter prepares the necessary elements to a form that plants can easily assimilate. Manure, as a fertilizer for grapes, improves air and water permeability of the soil, has a beneficial effect on the development of beneficial microorganisms that are necessary for grape roots and enriches the plant with important useful elements.
Sorry, the calculation the required amount for a single application of fertilizer cannot be accurate and it must be applied guided by skills. The main thing to understand is that from too much dose of fresh manure, the same accumulation of nitrates occurs, as with excessive doses of mineral nitrogen fertilizers.
Top dressing of grapes with fresh manure is permissible only in spring or late autumn, after harvesting and preparing the vine for wintering. Sometimes it is allowed to feed with rotted manure in the first half of summer, but in the second half such work is categorically contraindicated in order to avoid excessive growth of shoots and insufficient maturation of the vine.
Instead of manure, it is allowed to use compost based on rotted organic waste. Bird droppings are also an important organic fertilizer. An infusion is prepared from it in water in a ratio of 1 to 4, and after a week it is diluted another 10 times. Then they spend half a liter for each grape bush... Potassium chloride is often replaced in grape feeding with ash. Ash as a fertilizer is most useful from sunflower husks.
When to feed the grapes, the timing of fertilization work and methods of replenishing nutrients
On fertile black earth soils, grapes are fertilized every three years, ash, superphosphate and ammonium sulfate are added to the manure used for this. The resulting mixture is placed evenly on the soil surface and carefully dug to a considerable depth.
If the soil under the vineyards is sandy loam, then fertilization work is carried out in a year. And sandy soil must be fertilized with this method annually. In warm regions, such fertilization of grapes can be carried out in the fall, but in places where the covering method is used for wintering, work on the main fertilization is transferred to early spring.
In addition to regular fertilization of the soil under the vineyards, in order to obtain the largest and highest quality harvest, grapes must be fed throughout the year, except for winter. There are two methods of fertilizing:
Foliar dressing of grapes in autumn, as well as after flowering, when the berries are already formed, must necessarily exclude nitrogen from the composition in fertilizers.
To avoid the wateriness of the berries, leading to their cracking, and the abundant growth of shoots that take the main food for their growth, this element is replaced with phosphorus, potash fertilizers or ash and do not mix with organic fertilizerssuch as bird droppings or manure.