General information and main parameters of stairs. The optimal slope of the staircase march. What is disposal and risers. The height of the passage over the staircase. Height and width of steps with various slope and number of steps from the book of Samoilova "Construction of a wooden house"
General
The staircase of the wooden house is also built of wood. As a link between two bottled levels of the house, the staircase simultaneously can serve as an effective tool of interior decoration, it emphasizes the expressiveness of the selected style of both the interior (internal stairs) and the architecture of the house (external staircases). Today, it is confidently said that the stairs are striking the world with their diversity and novelty design decisions. You can find straight stairs and curved at different angles, screw and sliding, folding and portable - this is not a complete list of modern stairs. This is especially pronounced in new mansions, cottages and offices. The appearance, designs and methods of making stairs are different and depend on the architecture and layout of the building, from the mastery of the manufacturer, materials and tools with which it uses and from many reasons
It should be noted that possessing many useful qualities, the staircase is an object of increased danger. Cases of injury to people associated with the exploitation of the stairs occur more often than with other structural elements of the house. Therefore, the post is a good staircase that meets modern aesthetic requirements at the same time minimizes the danger associated with its operation. In addition, moving along the stairs is associated with a certain degree of inconvenience and increased physical exertion, which is especially important for people of old age and disabled people. Through the solution of these tasks, there are already many generations of builders and architects in different countries of the MPA. As a result of centuries-old experience, a certain concept of optimal structural solutions of stairs, aimed at reducing the level of danger and an increase in the degree of convenience during their operation. The main requirements for the design of the stairs and the place of its placement can be reduced to the following:
- ensuring safe, relatively quick move from one level to another;
- the staircase must correspond to the architecture of the building and the interior of the room in which it is installed;
- the staircase should be located in the right place in which it does not have a negative impact on the operation of the building, so as not to create inconvenience to people living in it;
- adequacy of the design and properties of the material from which it is made. Its strength must correspond to the loads that for all assumptions can affect the staircase;
- The width of the staircase marches should provide a bilateral movement (one-sided movement is allowed in individual houses).
- The approach to the staircase march should be free, so it is impossible to place the staircase so that the design elements of the building or furniture items are in this interval.
- The width of the stairs should be so that the leg becomes full feet, and the height between the steps does not exceed 17-19 cm.
- Each staircase should be well covered along its entire length. This is especially true of the first and last steps of the stairs;
- When designing the stairs, you need to adhere to the rules that all steps within one march have the same size in height and width.
In real conditions, when the staircase is built for a specific family, sometimes allowed small deviations from these requirements. But in any case, security parameters in the design of any staircase must be dominant.
The main parameters of the stairs
The main structural element of the stairs is marchrepresenting a series of steps, the number of which depends on the height of the stairs. Under height of stairs Understand its vertical projection, separating clean floor levels and various high-altitude levels (Fig. 125). Depending on the selected solution in the stairs, there may be several marches (most often two). The number of steps in the stairs (regardless of the number of marches) is directly dependent on the height of the stairs and steps. The basic parameters of the ladder must, first of all, include the height of the lift, the type of stairs, the area in the plan, the steepness, the number of steps, as well as their width and height. These parameters are not independent, that is, they cannot be arbitrarily chosen. For example, for a direct staircase, the height of the lift and the steepness unambiguously determine the area in the plan and, on the contrary, the area in the plan and the elevation height is uniquely determined by the steepness. When designing, it is immediately necessary to specify the values \u200b\u200bof some, in each particular case of determining, parameters, for example, an area of \u200b\u200bplan, then you can calculate the steepness, which in turn determines the number of steps.
Fig. 125. Ladder march:
h - the height of the stairs; B - march width
The main indicator when calculating the staircase march is its slope (steepness), which depends on the width and height of the stairs. In the construction terminology, the height of the stage is called " height of the riser", and its width -" width sticky"Or" Svet ". For convenient movement on the stairs, it is necessary to maintain the ratio between the distance to which the person rises or falls, and the distance to which it moves forward. This is the ratio and will determine steepness (slope) stairswhich should be such that the ratio of the height of the march to its horizontal projection was 1: 2 - 1: 1.75 (that is, there must be within 30 °) (Fig. 126).
Fig. 126. Optimal slope of a staircase march (all sizes in mm.):
1 - come out; 2 - treaty
Twice the height of the riser ( b.) and the width of the sticky ( a.) Must be equal to the average man's step:
2b + a \u003d 57-64 cm.
The dimensions of the steps depending on the angle of inclination of the ladder march are reflected in Table 23.
When choosing a slope of a staircase march, it is necessary to ensure that the distance vertically from the upper plane of any stage of the staircase to the ceiling or other protruding elements of the building was at least 2 m (Fig. 127). This rule equally applies to the staircase. With the missing length of the intermediate opening or the presence of transverse ceiling beams, it is not always possible to make the staircase enough. But, increasing the steepness of the stairs, we automatically reduce the degree of ease of use. Therefore, sometimes it is necessary to make a compromise solution, deliberately incurs the distance from the ceiling to the stage plane. But in any case, it should not be reduced to the distance less than 180 cm. In extreme cases, you can enjoy a slope of the stairs, increasing it to a 1: 1 ratio, i.e. 45 °.
Fig. 127. The height of the passage over the staircase
Table 23. Height and width of steps with different slope and number of steps
Construction standards are envisaged width of stair march (The distance from the wall to the fencing or between two fences) at least 90 cm, and the distance between the opposite walls is at least 110 cm (Fig. 128). With smaller sizes, moving along the staircase march of furniture and other bulky things (especially when turning 90 ° or 180 °) will be pretty difficult. In some cases, the width of the staircase march is allowed to 80 cm (when the staircase is located in the common room, when there are no enclosing walls).
Fig. 128. The most favorable (A) and permissible (b) ladder march width
The staircase occupies an important place in the house, it is his decoration and is usually located in the center of the living room or opposite the front door. There are several types of these designs, but they all have common components that are combined. Such common elements include march, coming, a validative, risers and Kosur.
What is a staircase
It is arjected to the part of the step on which you are coming. It happens certain sizes that are calculated based on several ergonomic indicators. If you do it already, people will fall from the stairs. With too much sticky, it is uncomfortable to walk, you have to make a wide step. The most optimal size of this part is 25-40 cm. On the surface of such a width, the foot of an adult man is free.
What is approaches
The risers are the second part of the stage, it is located vertically under it. These elements have not only constructive, but also decorative meaning. Often, to highlight them on a general background, they are painted in color for several tones brighter than other details. Their height should not exceed 18 cm, otherwise when walking it will be necessary to raise the leg too high. Details of a smaller size will also not give the design convenience, it is easy to stumble on it. Disposal and risers are important parts of the staircase, on which not only its appearance depends, but also safety during operation. The most comfortable approach ratio is 15-30 cm.
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What is the march stairs
All staircases consist of a march of different lengths. If there are sites, there will be several of them, otherwise the march is only one. Then they are considered to be all the staircase from entering it to descent. Under this term is understood as a certain sequence of steps together with Kosouris or the Guard. In other words, march is one span stairs. Most of the designs of this type are single-hour or two-wing. Multiple raises are also found. They are installed in spacious homes having high ceilings. With the correct device of such a structure, the length of its platform is equal to the size of one march. Man, going down or climbing such a staircase, can relax between the spans and translate the spirit.
What is a ladder
The string is a carrier part of the staircase, it represents two inclined long beams, in the grooves of which the steps are fixed. The advantage of these parts is that they close the steps on the side, giving it great safety. These beams provide high strength to the entire system as a whole due to additional tightening of the beams of the tales among themselves. Little children and pets will be able to calmly play the stairs without risk to fall or drop the toy. But not all staircases have a tutor, there are more simple, but no less interesting lifts with Kosomers.
What is Kosur stairs
Kosomers are carrier beams, the upper edge of which repeats the shape of the steps. Againts are fixed on these details. Such staircases look lighter and elegant. They are installed even in small rooms, as they do not occupy a lot of space. The distinctive feature of these stairs - balasins, holding the railing, are mounted directly in the step. Kosomers are often made from several parts and fasten with durable fasteners. This gives them additional reliability and allows us to implement various design solutions.
The shape of stairs with a theater or space is different. Screw products are widely popular, they allow sapper and have an original and unusual appearance. Also in demand direct and curvilinear (rotary) models that are more monumental and classical style is also. What to choose - depends on your imagination and aesthetic taste.
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How to replace the staircase to the new one?
It is incompressing is the facing flat part of the stairs of the staircase, the replacement of which is related to the manufacture of new or using the finished elements.
They are made from parts of the windows, stripped with the help of a skirt. If the steps are rounded, then the replacement is carried out by removing the lower support rack after the latter will be disassembled.
Design a screw staircase is necessary, given the optimal step of the sticky width, which in the middle of the march should not be less than 200 mm. When the central rack is located at a distance of 15 cm, the tread should be of the width of the movement line, which is at least 10 cm. The use of such as the main assumes the length of the flat element at least 80 cm. The diameter of the opening of the floors should be about 2 m or more.
To ensure the greatest compactness, if the staircase plays an additional role, you can use the opening of up to 1.4 m, and the length of the adapter - from 55 to 60 cm. The height of the passage of the additional staircase should be at least 2 m.
See also:
Right.
Construction features.
About the full process of building a porch read.
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It is possible to make a spark for a staircase from durable wood having a thickness of about 50 mm. Thoughtful constructions with flat elements of thickness decreasing as they remove them from the central stand of the screw staircase.
- To replace disposal, it is better to shoot old flat elements of steps from above.
- It is necessary to ensure that the wedge in the groove is not shifted if there is no access to below.
- When the wedge is lost, the new element is based on a bar having a cross section of 25x50 mm. It must be attached to the tape of screws in such a way that the lower plane of the sticky and the top edge of the bar were located in the same plane.
- Plane elements of the staircase properly flashes. They will partially overlap each other when viewed from above, the width of them can be unequal in places serving for support of the right and left legs.
- Between the bottom and top wide parts of the elements of the steps, that is, their rear and front edges, respectively, can be installed the support brackets. This will allow the greatest reliability design.
- It is necessary to drill holes on the general ends to install the fences.
- The assembly of the screw staircase is performed in a specific sequence. Installation of bushings and coming, interpretated metal washers, is made after the central stand is mounted and securely secured.
- When all the flat elements are already bare on the rack, they are unfolded by fan, having around the circle, each in its place, taking into account the step and direction of the lifting, - clockwise or against it.
- The first and last stage should be especially correct.
- Installing the support brackets is made between wider parts of coming.
- The end of the central rack from above, which is equipped with a thread, is tightened with a nut, pre-put the last sleeve.
- Nut is complemented by a decorative headband.
- The last step is fixed using fasteners.
At the end, install the handrails and races racks, which may have a view of the line curve. With the proper structure of the design of the stairs in general, it will correctly fulfill its purpose.
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How to build a drawing of sticking?
The design of the screw staircase is associated with the main difficulty, which lies in the correct definition of the form of coming and their size. Rectangular sticking of direct stairs, having an equal width, the most simple in design. The project of the screw staircase involves a device of running steps. Their width should increase in the direction to the outer contour from the central rack.
Before making a sticky, the dimensions of the opening of the overlap are determined, on which its length depends. The number of steps depends on the distance between the floors, where the staircase is located. You should define the angle of turning the steps of the stairs. If it is 360 °, then the march should end in parallel to its beginning. Then the length of coming will be 1 m, and they will be located.
The circle in terms of the screw staircase is divided into an appropriate number of radii, commensurate with the number of steps. The step between them is taken into account. The selected width indicators will be less than 200 mm. They will be determined in accordance with the drawing (Fig. 1), starting from one radius, ending with the other. Radius are axes of symmetry projections.
Displays begin to build in the projection from one of the axes. Then, the line is divided into 2 parts, denoted as a point A and spend a perpendicular line through it. A segment having a center at point A is the meaning of the middle of the flat element, which should have a width of at least 200 mm, and the optimal value is taken to be 220 mm. The designation of the ends of the segment of the middle of the appeal A1 and A2, and its length on the scale corresponds to its required width.
From the center of the circumference, the distance of 150 mm is laid on the section A1A2, which is denoted by the letter V. Appelation in this place should not have a width of less than 100 mm. Through the point in the perpendicular line, its ends are denoted by B1, B2. On the scale of the width of the sticking and the length of the segment of the conducted line must match. Through points A1 and B1, A2 and B2 spend two straight.
If direct stairs have a large tilt angle, then the configuration of the coming these staircase is called "duck step". The use of such an option is associated with a witty design solution, when all the steps are fattened. Another name of the original design of the ladder is "Samba", eliminating the problem of a small width of sticking, which is not convenient.
Thus, it is a flat surface of the stage, which serves to come on her legs.
The safety of the stairs depends on all its elements. Typically, the lifting structure consists of a framework, which is based on the steps, the steps themselves and rail.
Supports can be made in the form of a teta, cosomov or hospitals. If the staircase is a screw, then the vertical pillar protrudes as a support. The railing consists of a balaasine and handrails. Steps are the structural elements from which much depends on how much climbing the stairs will be safe.
The lifting elements of the design consist of a sticking and riser. Appelation determines the width of the stage, and the risers - its height. The norms and rules prescribed in Guest will help determine the correct dimensions of these items.
The convenience and safety of stairs depend on the ratio between the size of their horizontal part, otherwise the width of the sticky, and the vertical part between the two steps, or the riser.
The norms and rules prescribed in GUT are determined by the following dimensional boundaries: the width of the sticking should be about 25 cm, but not less, and the height of the element is about 15-20 cm. Of course, making up the project of the ladder of his own home, the GOST rules can not be adhered, but The regulatory documents are spelled out by those dimensions that can guarantee maximum march safety. If you are going to make a staircase at home, you can perfectly calculate the dimensions of the steps in a special formula yourself.
The formula Blondee allows you to find convenient values, knowing one parameter: the width of the sticky or the height of the riser.
The formula relies on the average step value, that is, the distance that a person overcomes, having taken one step. The average value is 60-64 cm. The blond formula looks like this: b + 2a \u003d 64 cm. In this case, B is the width of the sticking, and the height of the stage is indicated as a. Thus, by selecting one of the appropriate dimensions of the stage, you can calculate the other.
If you adhere to the GOSTV, then the minimum width of the sticking should be 25 cm. Applying the Blima formula, the adapter height will turn out to be 19.5 cm. In this case, the parameters found correspond to the installed GOST standards, which will provide your staircase and the convenience of lifting, and its safety.
You can also focus on the "golden step", which is characterized by the most comfortable dimensions of the stairs. In this case, the step value is 63-64 cm, and the selected angle of inclination should be 30 degrees. The ideal ratio of the width of the sticky and the height of the stage will be equal to 29 cm by 17 cm.
Tilt angle
This parameter is also very important, as it affects the convenience and safety of the operation of the lifting structure. It affects the choice of steps.
As a rule, in the regulatory documents, the recommended angle of stairs for use in everyday life and for operation in public buildings is 30-45 degrees. But there are other options.
Power stairs have an angle of inclination less than 30 degrees. For the ladders of the appartible type, a tilt is selected in 45-75 degrees. Evacuation structures have the coolest angle of inclination equal to 75 degrees.
Naturally, when this parameter is selected, the area in which the staircase will be located. Too gentle structures will require a large area under construction, while steep designs occupy a sufficiently small space.
When creating a project, it is possible to rely not only to formulas, but also on special tables in which the dimensions of the steps in accordance with the angle of inclination are calculated.
For example, if angle is 33 degrees, the width of the stage is defined as 26 cm, and its height is 17 cm. If the tilt is 37 degrees, the width is reduced to 34 cm, and the height, on the contrary, increase to 18 cm. When the stairs are 45 degrees and Width, and height correlate 1: 1, that is, 20 cm for 20 cm.
Number of steps
In addition to tilt to choose from the size of the elements, the number of steps is also affected. One march must contain from three to 16 elements. If the number of lifting elements is more than ten, then it is recommended to make a route. It is desirable that it is odd. Thus, a person will start and finish climbing or descending by the same foot, which is considered more comfortable.
If you wish to find an exact number of steps, you should know the height of the riser and the height of the design. The last parameter is designed by simply adding the distance from the floor to the ceiling, taking into account the overlap. For example, if the height of the staircase turned out 300 cm, and the height of the riser is 17 cm, then the first size should be divided into second and rounded. The number of steps will be about 17-18.
In order to competently make a convenient and safe design, necessary if not adhere to accuracy, then pay attention to the following recommendations of the GOST.
- The standard march width is 80 cm for household stairs, for buildings with two floors - 90 cm, if the floors are more than two - 105 cm. In public buildings, the march width starts from 135 cm. The maximum parameter for residential type buildings is 140 cm;
- If the stairs have more than one march, then the necessary adhere to a single width in all its places;
- If marches are directed in counter-friendly directions, it is necessary to organize a gap between them equal to 5 cm;
- The length of the site cannot be less than 130 cm, and if it is located at the entrance door - about a meter;
- GOST recommends choosing the maximum inclination angle of 50 degrees, and the minimum is 20 degrees;
- Choosing the height of the risk, should not go beyond 12-19 cm and make it more than 21 cm, if it comes to attic structures;
- For residential stairs, the width of the sticking is better not to do more than 25-26 cm, and more than 20-21 cm for attic facilities;
- The height of the steps may differ, but slightly - not more than 0.5 cm;
- If the width of the stage is less than 26 cm, the strokes should not be more than 3 cm;
- When creating overall steps, the inner size of the adupisry should be 10 cm, and on the middle line march - 26 cm;
- It is important to take into account the distance that is formed between the lifting elements and the ceiling. Ideally, it should be 200 cm.
With the device of the stairs, not only steps, but also enclosing structures play an important role in safety. Therefore, the Guest is prescribed and their ideal sizes.
- At height of the railings should not be more than 90 cm, which is half the average human height;
- If the stairs are operated by children, height fences should be about 150 cm;
- When organizing a porch, the railing can be no more than 80cm;
- If the march width is more than 125 cm, the structures are necessarily protected by the railings of the two sides. At a smaller width, the construction of the railings is only on the side;
- If the stair construction consists of less than five steps, then the railing is not necessary;
- The distance between the supports of the fence can be 12-15 cm.
Parameters of thoughtful stairs
In almost every residential building there is a attic, the rise to which is also made with the help of attic stairs. In its design and parameters, they differ from conventional structures that connect two floors. This staircase is based on compactness. Naturally, this is reflected on the size of all its elements. In construction documentation there are also recommendations on the use of optimally convenient and safe sizes of steps.
The number of lifting elements should be within 13-16 pieces. It is important to take into account that if the length of the thought staircase will be more than 350 cm, ensure good stiffness of the structure will be difficult. The width of her march can be only 65 cm, which is the key to compactness. The thickness of the steps itself can be 1.9-2 cm.
Orientation on the recommendation of GOST helps create a truly comfortable and safe design. However, a single document that prescribes all the rules does not exist. Therefore, if you wish to familiarize yourself with the rules of the device of stair structures, you need to rely on the appropriate norms prescribed in different documents. There is GOST to metal structures, wooden, reinforced concrete. A separate document is prescribed rules for the device of fire stairs and a ladder, as well as to create a fence.
Stair steps - parts of a staircase march. Stair steps are parts of a staircase march having a vertical and horizontal plane. On staircase stage Step on climbing or descent. Distinguish straight and run steps (Steps in which the inner side is already outdoor. Ring steps are applied at turns of the staircase march).
Flight of stairs
Ladder march - the inclined part of the staircase consisting of beams (the TETIV or Kosur is a prefabricated staircase, which includes a bearing beam and a steps, fully made from reinforced concrete.) And a row steps. The staircase binds the platforms among themselves. As a platform, a part of the floor is adjacent to the staircase march.
Risers, width and height of the riser
Risers - vertical or slightly beveled element steps; The distance vertically between the upper planes of the two alternating steps. Width steps - The distance horizontally (along the midline) from the front edge of one stage to the front edge of the next stage. with steps - vertical distance from sticking one steps Before sticking to the following.
Sill
Lice - horizontal element binding top reference steps Stairs.
Size protrusion
The size of the protrusion is the horizontal distance to which the front edge of one steps acts (hangs) over the other steps.
Size of the protrusion \u003d the difference between the real and calculated width of the sticky.
Come out
Apartment - horizontal element steps; top working plane steps.
Bias
A bias in construction - the ratio of the height of the riser to the width of the sticky. The bias makes it possible to judge the steepness of the stairs.
Frierry steps
Frierry steps are the upper and lower steps of each staircase march. In the form of the frieze steps may differ from the rest of the main steps.
Gloss between steps
Gloss between steps - Distance between the upper plane of the bottom steps and the bottom plane of the top steps.
Distance between steps in the light
The gap between the staircase and the wall is the distance in the light from the staircase march or the site to the surface of the wall or adjoining structural elements.
Length and width of the staircase march
The length of the staircase is the distance from the front edge of the lower frieze stage to the front edge of the upper frieze stage, measured horizontally (in terms of) along the midline of the staircase march. The width of the staircase march is the distance between parallel passage fences or between the fence and the wall.
Useful width of the stairs march
The useful width of the staircase march is the distance between the inner surfaces of the two handrails of the staircase, measured at the height of the handrails of the finished staircase.
If the stairs have only one handrail, then the distance is measured between:
- (plastered, lined) surface of a wall or a central pillar (screw staircase); and
- the inner surface of the handrail.
Outdoor and facade plates,
Steps
Window sills
Plinth,
Parapedets
Border stones
Drains
as well as
Steps for coil stairs,
Rounded shape steps
Flower elements,
Columns
Individual orders for your project
clinker steps
Added: 01/20/2015 11:37:41
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What is the risers and what they need
The risers are strange and incomprehensible to many words that need to be deciphered. There are many disputes in the world of private construction as to whether the risers are needed under the stairs or not. In this article, we will break all the points over "and" to tell about what kind of risers and in what cases they need to be applied.
What are the risers?
Strictly speaking, the name directly refers us to the definition. The risers are small leopards under steps that are installed vertically and close the space between the steps, not allowing the opportunity to see what is happening under the stairs.
Almost all classic wooden stairs were performed with risers, since before the stairs usually lived and noble people did not have to see them. Today there are no more servants, it does not live under the stairs, but gets to work on public or personal transport. Beauty standards have changed. Lightweight, air, open interiors are valued. As a result, the need for risers, as an element of the design of the staircase, disappeared in many ways.
When will the risers serve good service?
If you have a classic marching staircase, under which you plan to arrange a small storage room, the risers will become an excellent decorative element that closes the storage room from curious eyes. You can also say about the personal account or a small library under the stairs. The risers will help your child safely descend the stairs. Thanks to them, he will not shove his legs and hands under the step, trying to understand what the unknown world is hiding there.
When the risers are not needed? Stair steps full of terms terms
If your interior is made in avant-garde style or hard-style High-tech, the risers will be an extra element of the decor, the remnant of the past. Any modern interior with a spiral staircase perfectly costs without risers.
Sometimes, however, recently, the risers make glass to create a feeling of large space and, at the same time, improve the safety of the stairs. Such elements, for example, are installed on glass staircases that look completely transparent.
It turns out that traditional risers appear in touch with us completely in another appearance - new, bright and modern. In some cases, the risers are also an element of the decor of the premises, for example, they can be issued as black piano keys to the contrast with white "keys" of steps. Such interesting design solutions make the risers in demand element of the home decor.
Steps are one of the main components of any staircase. They are made from various materials, can be both a separate element and part of the monolithic staircase march. In the relevant regulatory documents, the minimum and maximum stage of stairs are determined , From which the safety of the entire design directly depends.
Staircase marches from reinforced concrete: Dialogues at construction site
Typical stairs and degrees have long been calculated by designers, and for premises with non-standard dimensions and dimensions of staircases, calculations have to do every time individually.
Varieties and features of steps
Depending on the shape, the steps are divided into:
- straight, having the same sizes and are located on the march stairs;
- reliable, manufactured wedge-shaped. They are installed on swivel or screw staircases.
Steps consist of a horizontal part (nozzles) and the vertical part (riser). Standards allow the manufacture of ladders with open risers, as well as with an insolence of one sticking over another, which is called trimming, or sve. The size of the stairs for stairs is calculated based on the tilt of the march and the number of coming in it.
Depending on the place of its location, there are:
- frierry lower. They are located at the very bottom of the staircase at the floor or platform level, towering over it to the height of the risk;
- frisite upper, which are the last steps in the march. They are located at the floor level of the upper floor, or below it, at a distance corresponding to the size of the riser;
- ordinary, placed between friezed steps. In march them can be from 1 to 16.
Permissible dimensions of steps
Dimensions of steps are calculated according to the requirements and recommendations of the relevant regulatory documents, which clearly prescribe their size. First of all, in SNiP 2.08.01-89 * "Residential buildings" it is determined that the width of an intra-quarter staircase march, which means both the steps should be at least 0.90 meters with its greatest bias 1: 1.25. And the number of lifts in one march is allowed to do from 3 to 18. These parameters are fundamental in the calculations.
In order for the lifting of the stairs to be comfortable and comfortable, in determining the dimensions of the steps, take into account the magnitude of the step of the average person. It is 0.60-0.64 meters. The width of the sticking (a) and the height of the riser (b) is selected depending on the following relationship:
a + 2b \u003d 60-64 (cm), or
a + b \u003d 43-47 (cm).
This formula was invented in the 18th century by the French architect blonde, but until today she did not lose its relevance.
It should be noted that the most optimal is the ratio of the width to the height of the stage 300: 150 mm. The normative dimensions of the steps made from different materials are somewhat different from each other. Their dimensions depend on the main purpose of the stairs. But the general parameters can be brought.
The size of the sticky should allow to become on the surface of the entire feet. Its depth is recommended to make at least 235-250 mmi no more than 355 MMDL direct steps. Starting steps in narrow parts should not be less than 100 mm, along the line of the stroke - 250 mm, and from a wide end - more than 400 mm. For utility stairs (in the basement, in the attic or attic) is allowed to reduce the disposal of up to 200 mm. Street steps can be made to a depth of 400 mm.
Quite often, the design of the staircase provides for an obsolence of one step over another. It should not exceed 50 mm, and for wooden structures - 30 mm. It is done in case of the impossibility of the device of the optimal depth, and a similar technique allows them to zoom. But before you to paint the deprivation of millimeters, it is worth thinking about the design of the steps called the "duck step". For each leg here you can lay a full, convenient size.
The height of the stage should be in the range of 120-200 mm. Lower or high risters are too uncomfortable, and it will be difficult to climb or go down.
In conclusion, you can note the following. Steps in one march should be the same height and depth of the stroke line. The smoothness of the lifting or descent will facilitate movement and prevent the possibility of injury.
05/02/2014 at 02:05.
Closing the seam between the tile and laminate
Materials for the manufacture of thresholds
Classification on the configuration of the thresholds
Types of types of compound
The process of laying the neck between tiles and laminate
To date, to unite in one room at once two floor coverings will not be difficult. The article we will talk about how to choose and install the threshings between tiles and laminate with your own hands, having obtained the original floor finish.
Closing the seam between the tile and laminate
Modern fashion trends have to decorate floors with the separation of the room on the functional zones. This is carried out through the use of several facing materials. The most interesting is the combination of ceramic tiles and laminate.
For the harmonious combination of these two coatings, it is necessary to use the raincokes for laminate and tiles so that the joint is not highlighted between the two zones. In the photo and when inspecting, this cladding element will not be released, and on the contrary, will complement the originality of the coating.
The junction between two materials is the line and is not always perfect directly. If you do not close it, then make the seam invisible will be quite difficult. A special decorative threshold will allow it to be hidden, as well as compensate for the possible difference of heights between adjacent areas of floor coverings.
Materials for the manufacture of thresholds
To date, there are three main varieties of thresholds depending on the materials used in the manufacture of materials:
- aluminum - high strength characteristics and wear resistance, low degree of wiping during operation and good resistance to mechanical loads;
- plastic - Mounted together with a rubber substrate, which ensures the maximum dense fit of the threshold to the connecting surfaces;
- wooden - They have less flexibility and inclined to diverge, therefore have less popular, but sometimes their design is ideal for combined coatings.
Classification on the configuration of the thresholds
As for the parameters, the threshold between tiles and laminate can be two types: flexible or straight. If the first is the simplest plate to eliminate the visible rectilinear gap between the two flooring, then the curvilinear is a real accessory for people with designer talent, which helps to implement the most non-standard ideas.
Existing flexible bellows for laminate and tiles can change their trajectory of laying along a small radius.
To date, the thresholds are delivered on sale in collapsible. If earlier it was possible to purchase the thresholds and pre-it, cutting into the gap, now it will be necessary to start using the substrate, and then secure the decorative bar itself.
It is worth remembering about the low elasticity of wooden thresholds, because it is worth understanding that the flexible threshold for laminate and tiles can only be plastic or aluminum.
Types of types of compound
There are several basic modifications that can take thresholds for laminate and tiles depending on how the coated slap will be connected. See also: "How to make a threshold between laminate and laminate - methods."
It is worth highlighting the following options:
- The metal threshold with a pass-through installation method is a strip, laid on the joint and clamping with the help of self-tapping screws, screwed directly through the element and coating. The advantage of such an element is the simplicity of installation and reliability of fixing on any surface. Also using such a bar, you can eliminate a significant difference in heights between adjacent flooring. Strengthen the effect of adjustment to the surface allows the sealant applied before in the seam between tiles and laminate.
- Special docking slat in the context of the submitted letter "H". Mounting such an element is quite difficult (read also: "How to make a junction between tiles and laminate - methods").
H-shaped necklace for the junction of laminate and tile fit in the following sequence:
- The bar turns over to the side and is inserted under the neighboring flooring so that a laminate is inserted into one furrow, and a ceramic tile is inserted into another.
- The seam, formed on the side of the tile, is climbing the grout, and the sealant is used under the laminate. Thus, it turns out that one side of the letter "H" is held by the hook from the bottom of the coating, and the top fit on top of the flooring along the type of a simple metal melode.
There is also a variety of separate H-shaped threshold, which was created to facilitate the installation process. The separation occurs at the jumper level. The lower part is placed under nearby flooring similarly to the above-described method for a one-piece element, and the upper is simply inserted into it.
The process of laying the neck between tiles and laminate
As for the laying of the simplest metal thoring, the owner can produce work independently.
To do this, he will have to perform the following actions:
- make measurements of the seam thickness at the jack of tiles and laminate;
- place the stacked bar, taking into account the previously obtained sizes;
- attach the threshold and outline the alleged places for fixing with self-draws;
- drill holes under the fasteners with a sealer, which must be pre-drunk in them;
- print screws through a bar into seals.
If it is not possible to use a perforator with a drill and thickening to account for the size of the seal, you can handle the docking threshold for laminate and tiles using a larger drill.
As for the screwed screws, it is necessary to draw them below the surface of the plank so that they do not bring discomfort during operation. The errors allowed during installation can cause injury if the tenants will start stumble on the protruding fastening element or an unreliable attached threshold.
It will be more aesthetically used to secure the hidden fasteners.
You can use liquid nails. Such a glue composition is applied for the threshold for laminate and the tiles of the multi-level method of laying will not be a problem. In the photo and with visual inspection, this mount will not be noticeable, which makes the decorative element more original.
Outcome
It is possible to do without impositely to combine different flooring, if we consider that the price of such decorative strips is high, but it is not recommended, because without them, work is significantly complicated by laying the flooring themselves (read: "How to make a jack of tiles and laminate without a native - options" ). Properly chosen thoroughties will perfectly fit into the interior of the room and will end the idea that designer conceived.
Frosing step
Naturally, when working with construction companies, the host can be ordered and the service for laying the clad in the complex with the equipment of floors indoors. Experts will take responsibility for choosing planks, their laying and will also provide a guarantee for all services rendered.