Many people when paying utilities they are surprised to see the phrase “heating water” on the receipt. In fact, this innovation was adopted back in 2013. According to Government Decree No. 406, in the presence of a centralized water supply system, payment must be made at a two-component tariff.
Thus, the tariff was divided into two components: the use cold water and thermal energy. Now the calculation is made separately for two resources: water for hot water supply and thermal energy. That is why a column appeared in the receipts, which means the amount of thermal energy spent on heating cold water. However, many believe that heating fees are charged illegally, and they write complaints to housing and communal services. To verify the legitimacy of this type of accrual, you should learn more about this service.
The reason for this innovation was the additional use of energy. The risers and heated towel rails connected to the hot water supply system consume thermal energy, but this consumption was not previously taken into account in the calculation of utility bills. Since payment for heat supply can only be charged during the heating period, heating the air through the use of a heated towel rail was not paid as a utility service. The government found a way out of this situation by dividing the tariff into two components.
Equipment
If the water heater fails, the hot water bill will not increase. In this case, authorized personnel managing organization are required to repair the equipment as a matter of urgency. But since the repair requires payment, this amount must still be paid by the tenants. While the heating bill will remain the same, there will be an increase in the repair and maintenance charges. This is because water heaters are part of the property of homeowners.
As for non-standard situations, when, for example, some apartments in high-rise building has access to hot water, and the second - only to cold, questions regarding payment for heating are resolved on an individual basis. As practice shows, tenants are often required to pay for common property that they do not use.
Component "thermal energy"
If everything is quite simple with the calculation of payment for cold water (carried out on the basis of an established tariff), then not everyone understands what is included in the cost of such a service as heating.
The amount for paying for such a service as water heating is calculated taking into account the following components:
- established tariff for thermal energy;
- expenses necessary for the maintenance of a centralized hot water supply system (from central heating points where water is heated);
- cost of thermal energy loss in pipelines;
- expenses necessary for the implementation of transportation hot water.
The calculation of payment for utility services for hot water supply is made taking into account the volume of water used, which is measured in m 3.
As a rule, the amount of required thermal energy is determined on the basis of the general house values, which are shown by hot water meters and consumed thermal energy. The amount of energy used in each room is calculated by multiplying the volume of water used (determined by the meter) by the specific heat energy consumption. The amount of energy is multiplied by the tariff. The resulting value is the amount needed to pay for what is written on the receipt as “water heating”.
How to calculate on your own in 2018-2019
Water heating is one of the most expensive utilities. This is due to the fact that during heating it is necessary to use special equipment powered by the mains. To make sure that the correct amount is indicated on the receipt, you can do the calculations yourself and compare the received value with the amount indicated on the receipt. To do this, you need to find out the amount of payment for thermal energy, established by the regional tariff commission. Further calculations depend on the presence or absence of metering devices:
- If you have a meter installed in your apartment, then you can calculate the consumption of thermal energy, focusing on its indicator.
- If there is no meter, calculations should be made based on the established regulatory indicators (set by an energy-saving organization).
If there is a common heat energy consumption meter in a residential building and individual meters installed in apartments, the charge for heating is calculated based on the readings general appliance accounting and further proportional distribution for each apartment. If such a device is not available, the amount required to pay for heating is calculated based on the standard energy consumption for heating 1 m 3 of water in the reporting month and the readings of an individual water meter.
Where to file a complaint
If the legitimacy of the appearance of an additional line “water heating” in the receipts is in question, in order not to overpay for heating, it is recommended that you first contact the Criminal Code with a request to explain what this item means. The appearance of a new line in the receipt is legal only on the basis of the decision of the owner of the MKD premises. In the absence of such a decision, a complaint should be written to the GZhI. After filing a claim with the Criminal Code, you must provide a response with explanations within thirty days. In case of refusal to justify why such a service is prescribed in the receipt, a complaint should be filed with the prosecutor's office with a lawsuit in court. In this case, if you have already paid the amount indicated on the receipt, Article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation will serve as the basis for the claim. If a refund is not required, but you still have to pay for services that you are not getting, file a claim to exclude the "heating water" line. In this case, it is worth referring to Article 16 of the Law "On Protection of Consumer Rights".
One of the biggest utility bills is the payment for heating, or it is also called hot water supply, that is, hot water supply. Until 2012, heating charges were calculated based on cubic meter hot water supplied to the residential. But after 2012, new regulations were adopted that established new system DHW calculations.
Legislation on payment for hot water services. Photo No. 1
The main regulatory act that regulates the calculation of the cost of hot water is the Government Decree No. 1149 of 2012. Based on it, two components are used in all calculations:
- calculation of the amount of cold water that is used for heating;
- calculation of the amount of energy that is needed to heat cold water.
You also need to take into account the energy indicator. In different settlements, gas, coal can be used for this, or, alternatively, hot water supply can be supplied to residential apartments from thermal power plants (where water turns into steam to turn turbines that generate electricity, and after the steam condenses into hot water, it is supplied to residential buildings).
You need to know what modern heat meters record the amount of water passing through them, as well as its temperature.
How to take meter readings correctly?
The calculation of the amount of heat received by the dwelling, as well as the charge for its payment, depends on the correctness of taking meter readings. In most cases, utilities providing such services try to collect as much as possible Money from residents, and sometimes they account for more than was actually consumed.
On the this moment There are two types of meters that record heat.
- Common house. They show the total amount of hot water that entered the house, taking into account the two indicators that were described above. Based on this, residents apartment buildings can knock out the total amount of heat received for the whole house.
- Individual. These metering devices can be installed in residents' apartments, and they will also record the amount of water received, as well as its temperature.
Based on this, in order to correctly take readings, it is necessary to record data on the amount of water that has entered and its temperature at the entry point.
It is important to remember that you need to take readings from heat meters together with employees utilities who provide these services.
Now consider the question of how to produce costs for the received heat. In this case, it is necessary to operate with indicators of common house and individual metering devices.
Calculation of general house costs
General building heat costs mean the loss of coolant from various leaks. engineering systems, poor insulation of pipes and risers (when the temperature at the entrance is 80 degrees, and the apartments reach 50 degrees).
Thanks to these losses, the calculation of general house costs is carried out. That is, the temperature difference is taken when hot water enters the house, as well as when it enters the living quarters. The total heat loss should not exceed 10 degrees. This is included in the tariff. If this figure is greater, then it is considered that the house is poorly insulated.
It is also the limit for apartment building. Its excess leads to an increase in the cost of hot water, so management companies are required to upgrade engineering networks through which heat is supplied to the apartments.
The formula for calculating the cost of heat for an apartment
Now you can derive a formula for calculating the cost of heat for.
First you need to calculate the incoming heat according to the common house metering device. This happens according to the following formula - C \u003d A / B, where C is the number of gigocalories, A is the amount of coolant received, B is the amount of water received.
After deriving this indicator, you need to take the readings of the apartment thermal meter (the amount of water received) and multiply it by C. The value M is obtained. gas, coal).
Thus, the calculation of the cost of heat for a particular apartment will be made.
Payment for the cost of heat energy should be made only for the period when the residential premises were heated. If the dwelling is not equipped with a gas water heater, then payment for hot water, which is supplied for domestic needs, will be made every month at the established rates.
If the house is not equipped with metering devices, then all calculations will be carried out by an enterprise that provides heat supply services to residents of apartment buildings.
You need to understand that the tariff for each region is different, since it is formed by the municipal authorities and depends on the total costs that go to water heating.
FAQ
How to settle contentious issues payment for hot water consumption? Photo #3
Speaking about heating, citizens are interested in the following questions.
What to do if the apartment comes with low temperature insufficient for heating. In this case, you need to invite representatives of the management company, the enterprise that supplies heat, and draw up a claim statement in which you indicate the actual temperature and demand a recalculation for the service not provided.
The second question is what to do if, according to the calculations of consumers, they should pay less, and payments for heat come inflated. A claim to the provider of such services will also help here, in which you need to carry out examples of calculations, as well as require a recalculation of all charges.
Everything more people tries to put a water meter in the apartments, believing that this will bring benefits, however, not everyone knows how to calculate hot water by the meter.
The problem of hot water supply for many Russian cities is extremely relevant. It is worth starting with the fact that in some settlements there is no centralized hot water supply at all. In this case, the issue is resolved by electrical or gas water heaters. Sometimes their use becomes more profitable than getting already heated water.
It is very expensive to pay for hot water supply for those who do not have meters installed, so experts recommend not skimping on installing equipment for accurately counting the consumed cubic meters
It is very expensive to pay for hot water supply for those who do not have meters installed, so experts recommend not skimping on installing equipment for accurately counting the consumed cubic meters. This allows you to save significant amounts every month and not overpay for water that has not actually been used.
Those who have not previously encountered meters for hot water supply and do not know how to calculate hot water from a meter believe that calculating payment is a rather complicated process. In fact, if we are talking about centralized hot water supply, then there are no difficulties: payment by the meter for hot water is calculated in the same way as for cold water, but at different rates that are set by the authorities.
Representatives of state and local authorities are responsible for how much the population will have to pay for hot water in a particular region. Calculations of tariffs are carried out on the basis of Federal legislation.
Tariff calculations are carried out on the basis of Federal legislation
On a note! Tariffs in different regions of the country and even in different localities can vary greatly, but for all regions there are certain indices, above which it is impossible to raise tariffs for hot water supply.
Moreover, some categories of citizens who are eligible for benefits can take advantage of discounts. In this case, the calculation of payment for hot water by the meter will be made according to a special formula. An example of how to calculate hot water from a meter can be found below.
What is included in the price?
Many do not fully understand that the tariffs set by the state and local authorities include payment not only for the water itself and the energy spent on heating it: money is also collected for organizing the supply of hot water.
The tariff for hot water includes payment not only for the water itself and the energy spent on its heating: money is also collected for organizing the supply of hot water.
- payment for energy spent on heating water;
- costs for the purchase of treatment components;
- the cost of purchasing various components for supplying liquid to the consumer;
- the cost of laboratory tests to control water quality;
- employees' salaries;
- overhaul fees.
Also, do not forget that no company will work at a loss, and therefore the cost of each cubic meter of water also includes the net profit of the organization organizing its supply.
All these components are strictly regulated by law, which means that the provider does not have the right to raise the price of a certain service at its discretion.
Why is it beneficial to use a counter?
Many consumers, even those who have recently installed hot water meters, can already experience a decrease from the first month. financial costs to pay utility bills. The main thing when deciding on the installation of a meter is to understand how to calculate the consumption of hot water by the meter.
It is worth noting that the change in financial costs for hot water does not depend on the fact that a cubic meter of hot water became cheaper when the meter was installed - in fact, the tariffs remain the same anyway
It is worth noting that the change in financial costs for hot water does not depend on the fact that a cubic meter of hot water became cheaper when the meter was installed - in fact, the tariffs remain the same anyway. The only difference is that without metering devices, you have to overpay for extra cubic meters, which are fixedly charged for each person registered in an apartment or house. In this situation, it does not matter whether a person lives at the place of registration or how much water he actually spends.
When installing a meter, the amount for hot water may be several times less
Important! With metering devices, everything is much simpler, the main thing is to know how to count hot water on the meter.
In this case, you need to pay only for the amount of liquid that was actually consumed. The amount may be several times less than without a meter.
Not every apartment building has common house water meters. They are not very convenient, but they also help to save on hot water bills. In this situation, billing is carried out not by the number of residents in the apartment, but by its area, taking into account personal utility rooms.
Common house water meters are not very convenient, but they also help save on hot water bills
The responsible person takes the indicators from the general meter, this figure is multiplied by the tariffs provided for this locality, and then the total amount is divided by apartment owners, taking into account the size of the premises. This formula is provided Russian legislation in case of using a common counter.
The common house meter cannot be called the most convenient solution, and therefore most Russians are trying to install meters for hot water apartment by apartment. This makes it possible to pay only for the amount of water that was actually used. As for the general meter, it will be really beneficial only for large families who live in small apartments and consume a lot of hot water. For the rest, the advantage of this type of accounting will only be that you will not have to pay for hot water during its total absence, for example, during the repair of networks.
How to calculate hot water on a personal meter?
As for how to calculate hot water by the meter, it is worth noting that the hot water meter is quite easy to use. After installing it, the amount of water that will pass through the pipe will begin to be fixed. As a rule, initially a certain value is already “wound” in the counter, since this is necessary to check the device. This number is entered into the payment receipt in the form of initial readings. The initial value of the meter readings should also be fixed by those who will put a seal on the device.
In accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2013 No. 406 "On state regulation of tariffs in the field of water supply and sanitation" under centralized system hot water in closed system a two-component tariff for hot water is set, consisting of “ cold water component "(rub. / m 3) and" component for thermal energy » (RUB/Gcal). The resource supplying organization supplying hot water makes settlements with the utility service provider ( Management Company, HOA) for 2 resources: cold water - at the tariff for the "cold water component"; thermal energy - at the tariff for the "heat energy component". The value of the component for cold water is calculated by the tariff regulator based on the tariff for cold water. Value component for heat energy is determined by the tariff regulator in accordance with guidelines based on the following components: tariff for thermal energy; expenses for maintaining centralized hot water supply systems in the area from central heating points (inclusive), where hot water is prepared, to the point on the border of the operational responsibility of the subscriber and the regulated organization, if such costs are not included in the tariff for thermal energy; the cost of heat energy losses in pipelines in the section from the facilities where hot water is prepared, including from central heating points, including the maintenance of central heating points, to a point on the border of the operational responsibility of the subscriber and the regulated organization, if such losses are not taken into account when setting tariffs for thermal energy; costs associated with the transportation of hot water. Utility service providers in accordance with the "Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings", approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules), calculate the amount of payment for the utility service for hot water supply for the volume of hot water consumed in cubic meters. In accordance with the Rules, the amount of payment (P i) for the utility service for hot water supply, in a room equipped with an individual device study that hot water is determined by the formula: P i \u003d V i n * T to p (1), where: V i n is the volume (quantity) consumed for billing period v i-th residential or non-residential premises of a communal resource, determined according to the readings of an individual meter; T to p - the tariff for the utility resource. Since the tariff for the utility resource "hot water" is set in the form of two components, the utility service provider with hot water consumers calculates for the components: cold water and thermal energy for the needs of hot water supply. The amount of thermal energy (Gcal / m 3) for the needs of hot water supply per 1 m 3, as a rule, the contractor of public services is determined on the basis of common house (collective) readings of hot water meters and thermal energy in hot water. It should be noted that the utility service provider makes settlements with resource supplying organization based on the readings of the same common house (collective) metering devices for hot water and thermal energy in hot water. The amount of thermal energy consumed in hot water in the i-room (Gcal) is determined by multiplying the amount of hot water according to an individual meter (m 3) by the specific heat energy consumption in hot water (Gcal / m 3). The volume of hot water determined by an individual meter (m 3) is multiplied by the tariff “component for cold water” (ruble / m 3) - this is a payment for cold water in composition of hot water. The volume of thermal energy in the consumed hot water (Gcal) is multiplied by the tariff "component for thermal energy" (rub. / Gcal) - this is the payment for thermal energy in the composition of hot water. In accordance with the information letter of the Federal Tariff Service of Russia dated November 18 2014 No. СЗ-12713/5 “On the regulation of tariffs for hot water in a closed hot water supply system for 2015”, it is said that the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of state regulation prices (tariffs) entitled to decide on the establishment of tariffs for hot water in a closed hot water supply system per 1 cu. m. At the same time, the calculation of the tariff for hot water (T hot water) per 1 m 3 is carried out according to the formula: T hot water \u003d T cold water * (1 + K pv) + US central heating + T t / e * Q t / e (2), where : T hvs - tariff for cold energy (rubles / cubic meters); T t / e - tariff for thermal energy (rubles / Gcal); K pv - coefficient taking into account water losses in closed heat supply systems from central heating points to the point connections; US tst - specific costs for the maintenance of hot water supply systems from central heating points to the boundaries of the balance sheet ownership of consumers (excluding losses) if such costs are not included in the tariffs for thermal energy (capacity), per 1 cubic meter. m; Q t / e - the amount of heat required for the preparation of one cubic meter of hot water (Gcal / m 3). At the same time, the amount of heat for the preparation of one cubic meter of hot water (Q t / e) is determined by calculation, taking into account heat capacity, pressure, temperature, water density, heat losses in risers and heated towel rails. Thus, the charge on the receipt for hot water depends on the form in which the regulatory body sets the tariff for hot water: for two components (cold water and heat energy ) or per cubic meter. In the question charges for 2 components (cold water and heat energy) are given, but not indicated municipality and component prices. If we assume that the consumption of hot water was 10 m 3, then the tariff for the “cold water component” is 331 rubles. / 10 m 3 \u003d 33.10 rubles / m 3. If we assume that the tariff for the “thermal energy” component is 1800 rubles / Gcal, the amount of consumed thermal energy is: 1100 rubles. / 1800 rubles / Gcal \u003d 0.611 Gcal, respectively, for heating 1 m 3 of hot water, the consumption of thermal energy was 0.611 Gcal / 10 m 3 \u003d 0.0611 Gcal / m 3. Chief Economist of Yurenergo Group of Companies Isaeva T.V.
The examples of calculations of the cost of hot water and thermal energy given by the employees of the REC, although they are largely conditional, nevertheless show that the presence of a metering device allows you to pay according to actual consumption. Calculation according to the standards is almost always an overpayment.
It should be noted that hot water supply can be centralized and non-centralized.
Non-centralized water supply is the preparation of hot water in intra-house autonomous systems engineering support. For example, when a boiler is installed in a private house or instantaneous water heater.
Only centralized hot water supply is subject to regulation (tariff setting). In this regard, a distinction is made between open and closed hot water supply schemes.
open circuit
With an open (centralized) heat supply scheme, the selection of hot water for the needs of hot water supply occurs directly from the heating network.
In accordance with the current legislation, a two-component tariff is set for hot water in an open system, which consists of a component for a heat carrier and a component for thermal energy.
The heat energy component is set by the regulator as a single-rate or two-rate component equal to the one- or two-rate heat tariff, respectively.
The component for the heat carrier (and for public utilities it is, as a rule, water that has undergone additional treatment at the boiler house) is set as a single-rate component and is taken equal to the tariff for the heat carrier.
An example of calculating the payment for hot water in the presence of an in-house meter
Data for calculation:
consumption volume 5 cubic meters.
The payment for hot water supply provided in the specified apartment will be: 5.0 * 89.38 = 446.90 rubles.
Calculation of the amount of payment for hot water supply in an open heat supply system provided in a residential building in the absence of an internal metering device(in the presence of technical feasibility its establishment) is determined on the basis of the consumption standard, the number of residents (registered) and the tariff for hot water.
An example of calculating the payment for hot water in the absence of an in-house meter
The apartment building is located in the city of Omsk, the supplier of thermal energy is JSC Omsk RTS through the networks of the MP of Omsk "Thermal Company".
Data for calculation:
consumption standard in the amount specified in Appendix No. 1 of the Order of the Regional Energy Commission of the Omsk Region dated September 11, 2014 No. 118/46 for 5-storey buildings, 3.4 cubic meters. m / sq. m (in the absence of technical feasibility of installing individual hot water metering).
two-component tariff for hot water, approved by order of the REC of the Omsk region dated December 19, 2016 No. 597/71, from January 1, 2017 in the following amount:
Convert to single component using the following formula:
17.82 + 1422.60 * 0.0503 \u003d 89.38 rubles / cubic meter m;
where 0.0503 Gcal / cu. m - the standard amount of thermal energy for the preparation of one cubic meter of hot water.
Number of residents - 3 people.
The payment for hot water supply provided in the apartment will be: 3.4 * 89.38 * 3 = 911.68 rubles.
Important ! If there is no metering device in the apartment, if there is a technical possibility for its installation, a multiplying factor is applied in the calculation, which from January 1, 2017 is 1.5.
The fee in the above apartment, taking into account the multiplying factor, will be 3.4 * 1.5 * 89.38 * 3 = 1367.51 rubles.
Currently, in accordance with federal legislation, there is a phased transition from an open hot water supply system to a closed one.
closed circuit
With a closed (centralized) hot water supply system, hot water from the heating network is used exclusively for heating, and hot water supply is provided through a separate circuit or is carried out by heating the water pipe. drinking water in central heating points (CHP).
In accordance with the current legislation, tariffs for hot water in a closed hot water supply system are set in the form of two-component tariffs, consisting of a component for cold water and a component for thermal energy.
The component for cold water is equal to the established tariff for cold water, the component for thermal energy is equal to the established tariff for thermal energy.
The amount of payment for the utility service for hot water supply is determined in accordance with the Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings, approved by a government decree Russian Federation dated May 6, 2011 No. 354, according to the formula No. 24.
An example of calculating the payment for hot water in a closed hot water supply system with an in-house meter
Data for calculation:
the volume of consumption in the apartment is 5 cubic meters.
The payment for the hot water service in the first half of 2017 in the specified apartment will be:
14.63 * 5+ (5 * 0.0503) * 1422.60 \u003d 430.93 rubles.
An example of calculating the payment for hot water in a closed hot water supply system in the absence of an in-house meter
The apartment building is located in the city of Omsk, the supplier of hot water is the MP of Omsk "Thermal Company" from the heat sources of JSC "Omsk RTS".
Data for calculation:
consumption standard according to Appendix No. 1 of the Order of the Regional Energy Commission of the Omsk Region dated September 11, 2014 No. 118/46 for 5-storey buildings - 3.4 cubic meters. m/person
two-component tariff for hot water, approved by order of the REC of the Omsk region dated December 20, 2016 No. 623/72, from January 1, 2017 in the following amount:
The payment for the hot water service from 1 person in the first half of 2017 in the specified apartment will be:
14.63 * 3.4 + (3.4 * 0.0503) * 1422.60 \u003d 293.03 rubles.
If there is no metering device in the apartment, if there is a technical possibility for its installation, a multiplying factor is applied in the calculation, which from January 1, 2017 is 1.5.
The payment for the hot water service from 1 person living in the above apartment, taking into account the increasing coefficient, will be 1.5 * 293.03 = 439.55 rubles.
Infographic provided by the REC of the Omsk region