Grapes is a tasty and useful delicacy. Berries have a lining and toning property. They positively affect the breath, the work of the heart and blood vessels. How to store grapes to always have the opportunity to strengthen the immune system? There are several ways to be discussed in the article.

What varieties should choose?

The duration of the storage of the bunch is determined by the density and level of maturity of the berries, the content of sugar. Resistant belongs to the middle and late satiety of dark colors treated with a wax raid. This substance is protected from damage to pests, drying and mechanical damage.

Bunches for long storage It is necessary to choose loose, with large whole berries sitting on the fruits. The misappropriate and surfaped fruits quickly deteriorate. An important parameter The sugar content of berries is considered - the more it, the better the bleeding. For winter storage The following varieties are suitable:

1. "Moldova".
2. "Lydia".
3. Alden.
4. "Taife Pink."
5. Muscat Hamburg and Muscat Alexandria.
6. "SENSO".
7. "Memory of Negrulya".
8. "Moldavian black".

This grapes are practically not exposed to fungi. At the same time, it retains the taste and aroma of 4-6 months, for a long time it does not lose color.

Proper collection

Before you familiarize yourself with how to store grapes, the rules for collecting and growing should be followed. Even if the appropriate variety is selected, it is not a guarantee of a long-term footage.

The conditions for growing and collecting berries are important:

1. Due to excessive irrigation, the storage period of grapes is reduced. 40-45 days before harvesting, the irrigation of the bushes should be completed. As a result, unnecessary moisture comes from berries, and sugar increases.
2. From bushes remove part of the clouds (up to 25%), which improves the fetus fetus. If the vine does not unload in time, the berries will turn and faded. For storage, they are unlikely to go.
3. You need to properly feed grapes. If a nitrogen fertilizers (mineral or organic) will be used in large quantities, then the crop does not break long. And phosphorus-potash connections allow you to increase sugar content and extend the storage time.
4. Fruits should be protected from fungi and viruses - affected fruits quickly deteriorate.
5. The collection is better to perform a sunny day. Cut grapes need quickly, and then transfer them to the shadow. Do not make assembly early in the morning and late in the evening.
6. If you store a vintage in a suspended form, the brush must be cut into a section with a slot fragment with a long 7-9 cm.
7. In the boxes you can lay the borders with a comb.
8. To protect the wax flying from damage to the collectors, you need to work in thin gloves. At the same time, the berries should not be concerned.

If cultivation and collection is correct, you should know where to store grapes so that valuable substances are preserved.

In the cellar

How to keep grapes in the cellar? Before laying a cluster, it is necessary to inspect that tweezers eliminate damaged fruits. You don't need to wash grapes, as the wax flare will be eliminated, because of which it will quickly deteriorate. The cellar or the basement must be prepared before. This culture is afraid high humidity, irregular air temperature, mold and pests. It is important to comply with the following rules:

1. The room must be carefully ventilated. Periodically you need to air it. Then it turns out to protect the harvest from dampness and mold.
2. If the temperature in winter is less than zero, it will take insulation, since grapes must be stored at a temperature of +1 to +8 degrees. At high indicators, berries lose moisture and dry.
3. In humidity, the air should be 80%. It will be land if in the corner of the room put a bucket with wood coal, sawdust or negared lime.
4. In order to prevent the formation of mold on the walls, the room must be cheerful to lime. And to eliminate pests it is used to fumuring a gray or pair of oversized lime. Disinfection is performed a month before laying a harvest to storage so that the grapes are not poisoned by poisonous particles.
5. Do not leave fruits with smelling products. Vegetables should not be nearby. Some, for example, potatoes, the zucchini form moisture, which adversely affects the berries.

After the preparation of the bunch of grapes must be placed in the cellar for the winter. This is done in several ways.

Water containers

This method is ideal for a minor crop. How to store grapes with this method? The clusters must be cut off with a vine, the long end of which is then transferred to a bottle filled with water. Capacity should be fixed under the tilt so that there is free hanging brushes.

It is necessary to add a tablet of activated carbon or aspirin - they will not multiply with putrid bacteria. This will allow to support freshness of berries. Periodically, it is necessary to perform a slice on the vine so that more active absorption of nutrients occurred. So berries are preserved at least 2 months.

On the wire

How to store grapes on a wire? Brushes need to be tied in pairs with twine, wind crests. Then it is necessary to raise a crop on a stretched wire, a rope or wooden jersey. Bunches should not touch each other, so the supports are located on different height. This method is suitable for spacious premises.

Berries remain fresh and do not lose taste for 3 months. Under the clusters should be stretched burlap or polyethylene so as not to crush the berries. After all, the damaged fruits will appear acetic fly, infecting the entire harvest.

Boxes or wooden

How to store grapes for winter in this way? At the bottom of the packaging it is necessary to lay out colors with a thickness of 2-3 cm, after which grapes have. It is important that the bunches do not come into contact. A personnel or box must be filled to the top, performing the alternation of fruits and bulk materialAnd then it is loosely covered with a lid, so as not to break the air exchange.

At the end layers are laid. Before booking, the container should be sulfilled with gray. No need to use pine or spruce sawdust, as they adversely affect the taste of berries, it is desirable to choose a lip or poplar. Best filler is a cork powder.

You can use low boxes that should be straw, clean paper or natural Materialwhich fit the borders of berries, crests up. Berries are stored in Tara 1.5-2 months. To protect the crop, you need to inspect it every 2-3 weeks, eliminating the degraded fruits.

On shelves

Racks should be a depth of about 80 cm. The bunches are convenient to turn over or get it. Optimal distance There will be about 30 cm between the shelves. Mitigating the litter is straw. It is preferable to use a straw ash, which is considered an excellent antiseptic, and also serves as protection against pests, fungus. The bunches should be put in one row crests from themselves, to make it easier to inspect the harvest.

Refrigerator

Do grapes store in the refrigerator? The device will save the fruits for a long period. If the crop is a bit, then this option will be the best. In industrial conditions, fruits are placed in sealed chambers where the gas medium is regulated.

How to store grapes in the refrigerator? It must be placed in the "freshness zone", where the temperature is from 0 to +2 degrees, and the humidity is not less than 90%. In this department, the product will remain up to 6 months without loss of taste and nutrients. Grapes should not be washed before placing a fridge. The borders should be put in one layer so that the ridges were up. It should not be wrapped in gentle fruits into polyethylene - it will be the cause of mold.

Freeze

You can store grapes in the refrigerator, in freezer. In this case, berries retain taste and benefits. Do not re-freeze the fruits. Dark grades Roll longer, but are suitable for freezing different cultures.

The bunches should be cleaned of garbage, damaged berries, and then rinse and dry. Fruits need to be decomposed on the tray and put in the refrigerator for 2 hours. Then half an hour need to remove the grapes in the freezer. Then it should be packaged into containers and freeze. To save, you can use not only all the brushes, but also separate berries. Light varieties are better freezing in sweet syrup: sugar required (1 cup) and water (2 glasses).

With defrost of berries, it is necessary to pour out cool water for an hour. You need to eat them immediately. But even better to hold the grapes on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator from 10 to 18 hours. Then the defrost will be smooth, because of what the taste becomes saturated.

Grapes is an excellent gift of nature, which can be used not only in the season. FROM proper storage Berries will be at home throughout the year.

Many years of experience showed that the highest percentage of survival and the greatest increase in vegetable bushes of subsequent years is obtained from its own planting material. On the survival rate I. further development The grape seedling significantly affects the duration of shipment by mail, the difference in climatic, soil and other conditions, etc. When the plant "appeared on the light" and transplanted to a permanent place within one site, the picture is completely different, especially if we are talking About organic vineyard.

There are many ways to root the grape vines. This is a discretion chinese way, and room shower "on the water", shilling in cups, in MSh, sawdust, etc. However, the most practical and less troublesome grape shirt in the open sky.

How to choose a stalk grapes for storing in winter and further landing to school

For the cultivation of core saplings, annual three-chapted cuttings are used in the shirt, sliced \u200b\u200bin autumn with fruiting bushes during trimming. Cuttings are preferable to cut from the middle part of the vine, since it is that the kidneys are most developed and more fruit.

Choosing vines for cutting cuttings, which in the near future will become seedlings, first of all, it should be paid attention to the degree of their aging. Usually, the ridden vine has a bright light brown color, solid fabrics and crushing with bending. In most cases, the unbearable vine has a dirty-green color and a crumpled surface - such a vine for cuttings is not suitable.

A bush, from which cuttings cut, should not be affected by fungal diseases, such as Mildu, Oidium, etc. The vine on such a bush, as a rule, has gray-brown spots, a specific smell and fully or partially unbearable. Such a vine during trimming should be carried out from the vineyard and burn, leaving on the bush only healthy shoots. These healthy shoots can also be used for cutting cuttings.

The ash after burning patients with vines can be used to fertilize grapes and other cultures, but the affected vine, in no case cannot be used in compost and mulch for quite understandable reasons. Only betraying her fire, you can learn from it for the vineyard. It is also unsuitable for shilling a vine with mechanical damage to the bark, kidneys and core.

Dates of cutting cuttings usually coincide with autumn trimming grapes. For a covering vineyard, this is usually the end of October - the beginning of November (in the central and northern regions of Ukraine), mainly after the first autumn frosts or a natural leaf fall, but not earlier, because in October there is an outflow of nutrients from the leaves in the wood side of the bush, and lose These substances are for nothing.

In the workpiece of Chenkov, it is necessary to take into account such an important circumstance as the preservation of moisture in the tissues. It is believed that the loss of moisture is below 35% of the raw weight of the cuttings leads to 50% of the kidneys. The stalk, hacked in the sun without shelter 5 hours, has zero survival rate. In order to avoid such a confusion, the cuttings immediately after cutting are placed on 6-8 hours into water, we associate in bundles, we carry out a little, and, by treatment with the help of a manual sprayer "Fitodocitor" according to the instructions, put it on storage.

And also, as practice has shown, it is better to retain moisture when storing a twin-length cutting. That is, we cut them by 6-8 eyes, and in the spring before planting cut them into three-chapted.

There are many ways to storing harvested grape cuttings in winter. Over time you will try on the results of others, hear from familiar vineyards. But we will focus on two, most reliable and simple. And, of course, productive.

Method for the first storage of grape cuttings

We prepare the cuttings as it was mentioned above, and they are placed in bundles plastic bagSpeaking with wet sawdust. Package Tie a loosely, leaving the ability to breathe cuttings. After that, the bag with cuttings place for long-term storage in the cellar.

Storage temperature of cuttings should be within 2 ... 4 ° C. Usually the cellar that dug up standard scheme, it fully complies with these requirements. Plus-minus a pair of degrees permissible and will not significantly affect the storage of cuttings.

It is necessary to emphasize just in case that for storing the grapes of grapes in winter it is better to use the cellar, but, in no case is not a basement multi-storey housewhere brandommunication is probably undergoing. The temperature in such basements is usually much higher than necessary for storage of cuttings. In such conditions, they begin to actively breathe and waste nutrients, as a result in best case It turns out very weak seedlings.

But if the temperature in the basement or garage corresponds to the above, then why not stored there saplings? Just do not forget to sometimes visit and check the moisture of sawdust. Sounded - sprinkle with water, but do not overdo it, sawdust must be wet, but not wet. And do not forget for every bunch of cuttings to fasten the tag with the name of the grape variety to avoid aupture.

The second way to storing grape cuttings

Suitable to those who harvest a large number of The planting material, as well as for summer residents who live in the city and do not have a plot of cellar, and there is a basement, but warm. The essence of this method is that the rooting material is stored directly on the plot in a specially prepared trench.

Choosing a place under the trench, preference must be given to protected places with lightweight: at the fence, shed or other business buildings.

• The elevation is needed so that melting water or rain will not pour storage with cuttings.
• An obstacle to outsider moisture can also serve as a groove, digging around the winter trench with a water removal toward the natural slope.
• If you do not be lazy and proceed the groove is longer, then water allotted from the pit can be directed to the bed marked for the future - let the moisture in the summer.

The size of the winter trench depends on the amount of harvested vine. Typically, the depth of such a trench is 50 cm, and the length and width can be arbitrary. Sliced \u200b\u200bcuttings, pre-associated in bundles with tags, lay onto the bottom of the winter trench, after sprinkling the bottom 5-centimeter layer of wet sand. Fill over the repository with bunches of cuttings, while trying to tightly lay a beam to the beam and fade from above 7-8 cm of wet (but not wet!) Sand. Finally, we smear on top of the sand 25-30 cm of the Earth, which was removed from the pit. Just and comfortable.

If there is a desire, then you can put a light carport over the pit - for example, a piece of rubberoid or slate sheet. The slate-touched down edge can be placed over a groove for water removal, and it will flow to our beds. Extra moisture For the beds, it is not a hindrance, especially if our garden is conducted according to the organic principle, the beds as a sponge will absorb precious moisture for them. And then we water less.

Third way to storing grape cuttings

Unusually simple, but effective. It is suitable for those who want to root a little cuttings, as they will be stored in the usual household refrigerator. "Some cuttings" - of course, the concept of relative.

In the usual household refrigerator, it is possible to store about 200 cuttings of grapes without constraints for products, and this, believe me, a lot for the dacket. By the way, take note, you can also successfully store seed potatoes.

After cutting, we wrap the cuttings into a wet clean natural fabric, we put into a clean plastic bag and put on the bottom shepher of the refrigerator. In the package, we leave a small hole for air access and periodically, as the rag dryer is saving it with water. Sometimes it may be necessary to change the cloth - the smell will tell you everything.

The main thing in this method is the refrigeration chamber with freezer not to confuse, and then anything happens.

With the onset of spring, we begin to prepare for planting seedlings of grapes in.

To print

Simultaneously with the trimming bushes of grapes in the late autumn, it is customary to harvest and shoots (they are also called letters) for further reproduction. Find out a few useful ways Storage of cuttings.

For the workpiece take the grew over the summer and well-ridden vines (thick with a pencil) with a homogeneous color. Very subtle, affected by fungal diseases or damaged by pests, as well as grappling (more than 12 mm thick) shoots are not suitable. Sliced \u200b\u200bletters (50-70 cm long) are removed by steppers and mustaches. Then they are binding to bundles and attach the label with the name of the variety.

For the prevention of fungal diseases, the bundles are treated with a solution of a fungicide (3-5% solution of copper or iron Camp, 3% burglar liquid, 3-5% solution of azophos) - spray from the sprayer, slightly wetting the surface of the shoots.

In the box

Sliced \u200b\u200bcuttings can be stored in the cellar or basement in wooden drawer A height of about 1-1.5 m and a length of 15-20 cm exceeding the length of the shoots. A 10-15-centimeter layer of wet moss (sawdust, sand) is poured onto the bottom of the box.

Then put one row connected in the bunches of cuttings, placing 5-8 cm from the side and face walls. Moss layer pour again. And so several times. The last row of cuttings fall asleep with a 10-15-centimeter layer of moss, the box is covered with a lid.

Vintabooks are stored with constant air access, since during this period in their tissues there are processes of vital activity, including respiratory. With a lack of oxygen, tissue self-defusion occurs, which leads to death primarily kidney inside the eye.

Under the captive

Instead of a drawer, you can use polyethylene film. The shoots, covered on all sides with wet sawdust, sand or moss, are laid in the basement or cellar directly on the floor, and from above are covered with a film with the velocked holes (perforation) for ventilation.

In a sack

You can store cuttings and plastic bags. In each of them, one bunch of vines is placed. From above, the bag is loosely close, and at all its length, the holes for air access are done.

In a refrigerator

A small number of shoots can be stored in the refrigerator. They are wound wet cloth (in one layer), lowered into a plastic bag (it is either tied loosely, or holes are done in it) and put on the lower shelf of the refrigerator.

During storage, the shoots are periodically reach, inspect, if necessary, moisturize the fabric and packed again.

In touch

This method of storing grape cuttings is simple, but effective because the soil does not give a shoots to dry and is a good thermal insulator. The place for the touch is chosen so that it is not flooded, and was also protected from cold northern winds. The pit is digging so that 10-15 cm remained from the edges of the plated beams, and the depth would allow all beams (but not deeper than 1.2 m). At the bottom of the pits pour the layer of sand, then lay a spruce yard or moss. From above - bunches of vines in one row.

If it is very dry weather, the cuttings before laying a storage need 2-6 hours to withstand in water (15-20 ° C). This technique contributes to the saturation of fabrics of moisture and, accordingly, the best preservation of shoots.

Each layer of bundles pecks sand, moss or earth. The space between the vines and walls of the touch is filled with sand or pagan. The last row falls asleep with a 10-15-centimeter sand layer (or covered with a spruce sweetheart, and from above - a layer of Earth 10-15 cm). When the air temperature drops to 0 ° C, an additional layer of Earth is 20-60 cm (depending on the type of soil and location conditions). If the soil is drowned, it is enough to pour a 20-25-centimeter layer of the Earth. If they are covered with peat, it should be poured with a thickness of 50-60 cm.

In the spring, when the soil temperature reaches 2-4 ° C, the cuttings should be reached. Otherwise, they can mold or they will swell some eyes.

During the winter, periodically check stored in the basement, cellar or refrigerator cutting of grapes and, if necessary, moisturize the substrate. Do not allow lower temperatures to -1 ° C, as well as its increase to 4 ° C - it leads to germination of eyes and disease occurrence.

To print

20.08.2016 12 741

How to save grapes fresh for a long time?

Simultaneously with trimming bushes in late autumn, it is customary to harvest and shoots (they are also called chubuki.) for further reproduction Grapes. For the workpiece take the grew over the summer and well-ridden vines (thick with a pencil) with a homogeneous color. Very subtle, affected by fungal diseases or damaged pests, as well as grains (more than 12 mm thick) chubuki. Do not fit.

In sliced chubukov (50-70 cm long) remove steps and mustaches. Then they are binding to bundles and attach the label with the name of the variety. For the prevention of fungal diseases, the bundles are treated with a solution of a fungicide solution (3-5% solution of copper or iron mood, 3% burglar liquid, 3-5% solution of azophos) - spray from the sprayer, slightly wetting the surface of the shoots.

In the box

Sliced \u200b\u200bcuttings can be stored in a cellar or basement in a wooden box with a height of about 1-1.5 m and a length of 15-20 cm exceeding the length of the shoots. A 10-15-centimeter layer of wet moss (sawdust, sand) is poured onto the bottom of the box. Then put one row of cuttings connected in bundles, placing 5-8 cm at a distance from the side and end walls. Moss layer pour again. And so several times. The last row of cuttings fall asleep with a 10-15-centimeter layer of moss, the box is covered with a lid.

Instead of a drawer, you can use a polyethylene film. The shoots, covered on all sides with wet sawdust, sand or moss, are laid in the basement or cellar directly on the floor, and from above are covered with a film with the velocked holes (perforation) for ventilation.

In a sack

You can store cuttings and plastic bags. In each of them, one bunch of vines is placed. From above, the bag is loosely close, and at all its length, the holes for air access are done.

Tip, if it is very dry weather, cuttings before laying on storage you need 2-6 hours to withstand in water (+ 15 ... + 20 degrees.). This technique contributes to the saturation of fabrics of moisture and, accordingly, the best preservation of shoots. In the spring, when the soil temperature reaches + 2 ... + 4 degrees, cuttings should be delivered. Otherwise, they can mold or they will swell some eyes.

Small number of shoots can keep refrigerated. They are wrapped with a damp cloth (in one layer), lowered into a plastic bag (it is either neglected, or holes are done in it) and put on the lower shelf of the refrigerator. During storage, the shoots are periodically reach, inspect, if necessary, moisturize the fabric and packed again.

In touch

This method of storing grape cuttings is simple, but effective because the soil does not give a shoots to dry and is a good thermal insulator. The place for the touch is chosen so that it is not flooded, and was also protected from cold northern winds. The pit is digging so that 10-15 cm remained from the edges of the plated beams, and the depth would allow all beams (but not deeper than 1.2 m). At the bottom of the pits pour the layer of sand, then lay a spruce yard or moss.

From above - bunches of vines in one row. Each layer of bundles pecks sand, moss or earth. The space between the vines and walls of the touch is filled with sand or pagan. The last row falls asleep with a 10-15-centimeter sand layer (or covered with a spruce sweetheart, and from above - a layer of Earth 10-15 cm). When the air temperature drops to 0 degrees., Advanced by an additional layer of Earth in 20-60 cm (depending on the type of soil and the conditions of the terrain). If the soil is drowned, it is enough to pour a 20-25-centimeter layer of the Earth. If they are covered with peat, it should be poured with a thickness of 50-60 cm.

Periodically check the grapes stored in the basement or cellar and moisturize the substrate if necessary. Do not allow lower temperatures to -1 degrees., As well as its increase to +4 degrees. - It leads to germination of eyes and disease occurrence.