Raspberries are delicious and healthy, they contain a lot of vitamin C and are good for the prevention of cancer. In addition, it is low in calories. If you grow raspberries and want to know how to harvest them, read the following tips on how to harvest raspberries correctly.
In central Russia, raspberries ripen in the second half of July. The harvest ripens gradually, and the ripening time of the berries depends on the weather conditions. The warmer and drier the weather, the faster it happens. Accordingly, in cool and humid weather, ripening occurs more slowly. The first pick of raspberries is usually low. A large harvest is harvested at the second stage, when the bulk of the berries ripen. At the last stage of fruiting, the yield drops again, since only small berries remain on the middle and lower branches.
Berry picking should be done in dry and sunny weather. It is not recommended to harvest early in the morning when there is dew on the berries. After rain, picking berries is postponed until the berries are dry. Harvesting after rain is allowed only if it rains heavily. But in this case, the raspberries are immediately allowed for processing. The berries are harvested at the ripening stage. Removable maturity of raspberries is the period when the fruits have acquired their characteristic color. If the berries are intended for transportation, then they are removed without waiting for full ripeness. Raspberries that have reached full maturity are harvested if they intend to use them for immediate consumption.
Raspberries are removed from the bush with part of the stalk. Separate the stalk by pinching with two fingers. In some varieties, the berries are clustered together or the stalk is too short. In this case, they can be cut with small scissors or removed without a stem.
When picking raspberries, you should try not to touch the berries themselves. Their peel is very thin and delicate and, at the slightest careless handling, can easily wrinkle. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to apply a certain technique of picking raspberries.
Take the shoot with your left hand and support it with your right hand palm up under the berries. Then, with two fingers of your right hand (thumb and forefinger), grab the stalk and pinch off the berry. Gently transfer the berries that have fallen to the palm of your hand in a prepared container. In this way, no more than 5-6 berries can be held in the palm of your hand.
Berries should be placed in containers very carefully, trying not to damage them. When collecting, you should try to leave the stalk about 6-8 mm long. If there are damaged berries or fruits harvested without a stem, they must be put in a separate container.
It is best to collect raspberries in draped baskets and boxes with a capacity of 2-3 kg. If, when transporting berries, baskets and boxes will be placed on top of each other, then you should not fill them to the top with berries. Also, pouring raspberries from one container to another is not allowed.
For temporary storage of raspberries, a cold, well-ventilated room is suitable. If it is planned to freeze berries for their further processing for culinary purposes, then be sure to scatter dry fruits on a pallet in one layer and place them in a freezer. After the berries are frozen, they can be put into plastic bags and left in the freezer.
The harvest ripens gradually and depends on the weather. In good weather, the berries ripen quickly, in rainy, cold weather - slower. Raspberry fruiting begins in July and can last up to 2 months.
At the beginning of the fruiting of raspberries, the collection is usually small, when the bulk of the berries ripen, they increase. At the end of fruiting, when only small berries of the middle and lower branches remain, the collection decreases again. In good weather, raspberries are harvested in a day or two, in too hot or rainy season - every day. At the end of fruiting, the berries can be harvested in 2-3 days. You can not pick berries early in the morning, until the dew has dried, and soon after rain, picking wet berries is allowed only as a last resort, during prolonged damp weather. At the same time, they are immediately recycled.
Raspberries are considered ripe when they acquire a characteristic color. Berries intended for transport are not fully ripe. For consumption and processing, the berries can be picked completely ripe. Such berries are sweeter, tastier, more aromatic.
Raspberries are removed with a part of the stalk. Separate from the stalk by pinching with two fingers. If the berries are crowded and have a short stalk, they are cut with small scissors or, in extreme cases, removed without a stalk. When plucking or cutting, do not directly touch the berries themselves with your fingers. Raspberries are very tender and easily crumple if handled carelessly.
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Raspberry, bright and aromatic, attracts attention with its high taste and healing properties. It is useful for adults and children, its systematic use enriches the body with vitamins and microelements, even a couple of spoons of raspberry jam a day during the winter can prevent the occurrence of colds or infection with viral infections. Raspberries in the garden are found in almost every suburban area; their unpretentiousness, the ability to produce crops in the year of planting, bear fruit until late autumn are attractive to gardeners.
Planting raspberries - how to choose the right site
To determine the best place to plant raspberries, you can observe where they grow in the wild. These are forest clearings and woodlands, edges, i.e. places are well lit, in winter snow drifts accumulate on them, providing excellent wintering for plants. Similar conditions should be created for the raspberries that will be planted in the garden.
The best option would be to plant the bushes compactly in the corner of the garden, on an area protected from strong winds, with good enough sunlight. When choosing a place, you should also focus on an area with a deep bed (more than 1.5 m) of groundwater - raspberries will not tolerate waterlogged soil.
It will not be possible to get a good result even if the area of \u200b\u200bthe site is swampy or saline. Poor fruiting will occur on heavy clay soils. It is possible to determine in advance the suitability of a site for planting raspberries by how any fruit trees grow on it, their normal development is a guarantee that raspberry bushes will also be comfortable.
It is not recommended to break raspberries on the southern slopes of hills - such places warm up well during thaws in winter, long thaws and warming of the roots contribute to a decrease in the winter hardiness of the plant, with the return of frosts, especially if the temperature drops below -20 C, heated plants can suffer greatly - get frostbite more parts of shoots.
Novice gardeners should take into account that with frequent watering with a small amount of water, the plants will form surface roots; with rare and abundant watering, a part of the root system that lies in deep layers of the soil will form more actively.
To prepare a site for planting you will need:
- remove all weeds from it together with rhizomes,
- apply organic and mineral fertilizers,
- dig up the entire site,
- to destroy the larvae of the beetle found in the ground.
Experienced gardeners advise using activated compost as organic fertilizer.
The hole in which the bush will be planted should have a diameter of about 30 cm, and a depth of 30-35 cm. Before planting, it is filled with a mixture of humus, manure, rotten straw and foliage by about half. If several bushes are unlikely to be planted, then you can dig not individual holes, but a trench and apply fertilizers into it. This method of planting is even more effective - the roots of raspberries grow quickly and can take up a fairly large space - in a radius of about 2 m around the bush, it is not bad if most of it is fertilized.
If the soils are sandy and very poor, then it is recommended to dig a ditch half a meter wide and the same depth, fill it with a mixture of soil with nutrients: humus, remnants of last year's foliage, twigs, it will be able to give more nutritious nutrition to plants through the root system developing in its thickness. To retain moisture, the bottom of the ditch can be covered with a 2-3 cm layer of red clay.
With increased acidity, up to 200 g of fluffy lime per 1 sq. M of raspberry-tree area can be added to the soil during digging. Wood ash added to the soil will also be useful.
It is best to plant raspberries in autumn, late September - early October. In this case, it will have time to take root well, and in the beginning of spring it will be ready for full development and active growth. If the planting of raspberries is planned for the spring, then this should be done early, when the condition of the thawed soil allows.
The recommended row spacing, regardless of whether the bushes will be planted singly or in a common trench, should be about one and a half meters, the distance between the bushes should be about 0.5-0.7 m.It is recommended to deepen the seedling into the ground about 5-7 cm deeper than it grew in the previous place. This point is not difficult to determine, the part of the stem located above the surface of the ground has a different color and the border is seen quite clearly.
Before planting, the roots of each seedling are straightened, carefully placed in a moistened hole and covered with soil, trampled. Then it is time for watering, it is recommended to pour at least 10 liters of water under each bush. After the water has been absorbed, the ground should be covered with a layer of mulch, which can be used as fallen needles, straw, peat or humus.
Mulch will be effective if its layer will have a thickness of about 6-8 cm. It is advisable to lay a layer of mulch of 10 cm between rows as well - this will allow:
- maintain the looseness of the soil throughout this season,
- prevent active evaporation of moisture,
- inhibit seedlings and weed growth.
The planted bushes should be pruned by 25-30 cm. It is impossible to cut off the shoots completely - in their lower part the substances accumulated by the plant are stored that promote the growth of the root system, in addition, low pruning can slow down the appearance of replacement shoots, which ultimately will lead to the death of the plant.
When planting raspberries in autumn, the plants are spudded, while the stem is covered by at least 10 cm.This simple procedure will help preserve all the lower buds.
When and how to trim raspberries
Raspberry fruiting begins on two-year-old shoots: shoots grow actively in the first year, flower buds are laid in autumn. At the end of fruiting, they begin to dry out. Drying shoots should be removed not seasonally, but as they appear. Cleaning the bushes in summer will allow for more active growth of young shoots, which are called replacement shoots.
With the onset of spring, one-year-old shoots will need to be cut by 15-20 cm. At the same time, they are guided by the location of the first large bud on top. Shortening the shoots causes more branching and larger berries. The second positive point is that shortening the branches makes them more stable and they will not lean to the ground under the weight of the pouring fruits.
Overwintered, but damaged and weak shoots are subject to complete removal in spring. In autumn, all sprouted shoots are subject to complete removal.
What to consider when choosing a way to grow raspberries
Today, there are four methods of growing raspberries:
- belt, when the width of the plantings reaches 30-40 cm,
- nesting, with placement in rows of single bushes,
- on trellises,
- without the use of a garter of shoots.
Ribbon option cultivation involves the formation of a wide strip of shoots, form it due to the root suckers of mother bushes. Depending on the activity of branching of the shoots and the height, their number is regulated: it is desirable that the remaining number of shoots make it possible to get the maximum number of fruits, while allowing each branch to receive enough sunlight and heat.
Since modern raspberry varieties have significant differences in the height of fruit branches, their number and branching, the approach to the formation of ribbons from shoots should be taken into account the characteristics of each of the varieties.
Nesting method usually used if the beds are very small. A separate peg is used to tie each bush. The recommended distance between bushes is one and a half meters, but it can increase depending on the length of the shoots that the planted variety gives. It is not difficult to take care of such plantings, problems can arise if heavy rains occur during the fruiting period - the bushes are poorly ventilated and the berries inside them can be affected by mold.
When growing raspberries on trellis with a narrow ribbon seedlings are planted in a row at a given distance, and a certain distance between rows is also maintained. The method will require the installation of supports along each row and the manufacture of a trellis, which is usually a well-stretched metal wire.
Care consists of:
- in an even distribution of replacement shoots along the wire,
- removing the fruiting twigs at the level of the soil surface - it will no longer be possible to get berries from them, but they will thicken the bush and take some of the nutrients from it,
- removing excess root growth with a sharp shovel or pruner - a large amount of it can significantly reduce the yield.
Growing raspberries is the least effective in practice. without garter:
- shoots form dense thickets,
- the branches with the harvest fall on the ground, thereby causing damage to the berries,
- strong shading reduces the very possibility of setting buds on the shoots.
If, when growing the same large-fruited variety on trellises, you can get about 200 kg of berries, then when tying to stakes, the yield will decrease by about 3 times, and when grown without a garter - 6 times.
Growing raspberries - secrets from experienced gardeners to help you get high yields
Gardeners who have recently started growing raspberries often complain about failures:
- berries damage insects,
- bushes grow poorly, or vice versa,
- shoots grow extremely vigorously, but do not bear fruit.
In this case, the variety is usually blamed, attempts are made to replace the plants with new ones. But before taking drastic measures, you should analyze the reason, maybe it's not the variety at all, but the wrong care?
caring for raspberries - timing of fertilizing and watering
To ensure the active development and fruiting of the raspberry bush, it should be supplied with nutrients and water. Therefore, a mandatory procedure should be the introduction of a sufficient amount of organic and mineral fertilizers into the soil. The main ones are potash and nitrogen, phosphorus should not exceed 1/3 of the introduced potash and nitrogen. Feeding with slurry can be performed:
- the first - during budding,
- the second - after 10 days,
- the third - after another 2 weeks.
After fruiting, the plant will also need nutrient replenishment. During this period, you can use liquid dressings, with the following composition:
- potassium sulfate - 15 gr,
- double superphosphate - 30 gr,
- water - 10 liters.
As a top dressing, you can use a solution of nitroammofoska, mullein, diluted in a ratio of 1: 6, chicken droppings, diluted 1:12. First, the plant is watered abundantly, then nutrient mixtures are added, about 2 liters for each bush.
For normal fruiting per season, you will need to perform 3-4 feeding and 6-7 full watering. Watering should be carried out throughout the season, in a timely manner, in quantities that allow the soil to be kept moist.
It is also useful to introduce wood ash obtained from deciduous species in the amount of 200 g per 1 sq. M. Of area.
growing raspberries - how to properly loosen the soil
Loosening the beds with the onset of the first spring after planting is carried out at the earliest possible date - so as not to harm the emerging root processes. The depth of loosening in rows should be about 6-8 cm, in row spacing - up to 12 cm.During the summer, weeding can be repeated several times, as a crust forms after irrigation and emergence of weeds, but the maximum loosening depth should not exceed 5 cm.
Before wintering, the plot is dug up - in rows to a depth of 10 cm, in row spacing - by 15 cm. It is necessary to ensure that the skeletal roots of plants are not damaged during digging, it is best to dig not with a shovel, but with a pitchfork. During the season, shoots should be constantly removed, only planted bushes should remain. The thickening of the planting also leads to the crushing of the fruits, because shoots from the roots can take up to 50% of nutrients and moisture from plants.
The best option is to leave about 7 replacement shoots for each bush - this will allow you to get berries of rather large sizes during each harvest.
Experts say that raspberry bushes are not prone to complete degeneration, but the root buds on them can mutate, usually for the worse. You can notice this negative phenomenon during flowering - the sepals will not be extended. Advice - such bushes should be completely removed - large-fruited varieties should initially have elongated sepals. For remontant varieties of raspberries, this change is not significant.
wintering features
Since it is almost impossible to predict how cold the winter will be, when growing raspberries in the middle lane, you will need to take care of its reliable protection from frostbite.
Such a simple technique as bending the shoots to the ground and fixing them above the surface of the ground, using improvised means (boards, logs, metal brackets), will allow you to fill the raspberry with a layer of snow half a meter thick in winter without any problems. The bushes prepared in this way are practically not susceptible to frostbite, in practice it has been proven that they perfectly withstand even the harsh Siberian winters. Raspberries should be opened during the period when the threat of late frosts has passed.
harvest
Ripening of berries of the first raspberry harvest begins at the end of June.
This happens for a month. Since raspberries are distinguished by very delicate fruits that are not intended for long-term storage, the berries should be harvested systematically, as they ripen, without overexposing them on the stems.
Breeding raspberries
If you want to breed new varieties of raspberries, you will have to buy seedlings. It is best to contact specialized nurseries - the planting material there is of a fairly high quality.
If suitable varieties are already grown on the site, then you can use the vegetative propagation method and use the bushes formed from the root processes. In addition, you can perform the usual division of the bush into several parts, but the bushes for this should be chosen the most powerful. The shoots for transplanting should be chosen those that have a shoot thickness of more than 1 cm and a sponge-like, dense root system.
The productive period of raspberry bushes is from 12 to 20 years, while the characteristics of the raspberry variety, correct care, frost resistance and quality of soil cultivation play a role.
Material prepared by:
Deputy Executive Director of the Association of Russian Gardeners (APPYAPM), Leading Specialist of the Association of Nursery Gardeners (ASP-RUS) for berry crops
L.A. Schekotova
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Scientific Consultant of the Association ASP-RUS
Danilova T.A.
Specialist of the Association ASP-RUS, student of MichGAU
Using material J. Ciesielska - E. Malusa
Raspberry yield and fruit picking
Black raspberry variety - Glen Glova
Raspberry yields on production sites can reach 15-16 t / ha when cultivating high-yielding varieties such as Molling-Exployd and Zeva. The average yield is 10-12 t / ha, given by such varieties as Glen-Glova, Glen-Moy. For remontant varieties, the yield is from 3 to 10 t / ha, on average - 5-6 t / ha. The highest yields are obtained where there is sufficient water supply in August, during flowering and fruit ripening.
Raspberries can be cultivated in one place for 10-15 years, but the commercially significant period does not exceed 7-8 years, after which there is a significant decrease in yield due to the spread of viruses.
Approximately 30-40 days after flowering, the fruits begin to ripen, become soft, and easily separate from the fruit. At this stage of ripening, the fruits require careful handling, they remain in good condition for several days after harvest, if they are on the plant for a longer time, they lose their appearance, soften, become very susceptible to rot. Even sun exposure during ripening can damage the fruit, making them pale, watery.
Special box on high legs for picking raspberries
The harvesting period for red raspberries lasts 4-6 weeks, starting in June - the earliest varieties ripen, and the late varieties ripen at the end of August, the main harvest is harvested in July. Fruit ripening on the plantation is extended, but for each variety the period of mass harvest corresponds to the period of fruit ripening in the middle part of the shoot. Harvesting should be done every 2-3 days to obtain good quality fruit. But fruit can be harvested daily during the period of mass ripening, especially on days with high air temperatures. The frequency of collection depends on the variety. Varieties with tender, juicy fruits and amicable ripening can be harvested quite easily and quickly, for example, these are Glen Ample, Lashka, Norna, Ross, Latham. At the same time, the fruits of such varieties as September, Jewel clones, Glen Glova and other new breeding forms can be harvested for a longer time. In some varieties - Viten and September, although the fruits are red, they are difficult to separate from the fruit, they must be left on the bush for at least one more day.
Glen Ample is a traditional industrial raspberry variety
The Rrimocanes cultivar is characterized by a long harvest period - 6-7 weeks, and a more uniform ripening of fruits - from the beginning of August to the first autumn frosts.
Raspberries, which are harvested by hand, have the characteristic color of the variety and are free from rot, they are intended for fresh consumption or for freezing. The rejected fruits are processed for the production of juices and jams.
Berries of a photoneutral raspberry variety - Polyana
Scientists have tried to find more objective criteria for determining the optimal harvest time, but in practice they use a more practical and very subjective approach - the color of the fruit and the strength of separation. French researchers have developed a scale in which five stages of distinguishable color changes, using it, determine the direction of use of the crop. The color change occurs in two stages: the first, in which there are pigments and the fruit changes color from white to pink-red (stages S1-S2), the second is degradation and oxidation, the appearance of dark red and red-violet pigments (stages S3, S4 and S5). In accordance with this scale, it is recommended to harvest the fruits at stages S2-S3, when they are easily separated from the fruit. For goods to be exported, you need to harvest at the ripening stage of S2 fruits and store the fruits properly, since color degradation occurs quickly, especially in fruits stored at room temperature.
Doctor S.-kh. Mukhanin I.V. demonstrates raspberries collected in cardboard boxes
Raspberries are mainly harvested by hand, as the fruit is very delicate and must be handled very carefully. Collecting berries is a laborious process, but it is a crucial step for every grower. The picker can collect from 15 to 45 kg of fruits per working day, depending on the degree of fruiting, the purpose of the product and the cultivation technology.
After picking, the berries should be placed in containers with a capacity of 100-250 g as soon as possible, even if they are intended for freezing, especially with an individual freezing system (IQF). It is very useful for manual picking to have tables on which containers of raspberries are placed in baskets or boxes made of plastic or paper, it is advisable that the platform moves along the row behind the pickers. Another option is also used, in which the box or basket is fixed to the collector with aluminum straps. The filled container is left in the shade of the bushes. Fruits with noticeable defects - berry shape, size or color are used to make jams, concentrates, natural juices, or frozen in larger containers - 2-5 kg. For both types of harvesting, it is important to carry out loading within a short time - no more than 3-4 hours, then there should be no manipulations and shaking, which significantly reduces the quality of the fruit.
Tall drawer stands used for picking raspberries
A number of countries use progressive harvesting technologies (USA, Denmark, Scotland, New Zealand) - they are introducing mechanized harvesting. In fact, if workers are in short supply, mechanized collection is the main condition to expand the production of this culture. This method is widespread in the United States: for example, in the states of Oregon and Washington, about 85% of red raspberries are harvested by a harvester, but the further path of the product determines its quality - such fruits are processed.
Collecting raspberries with a trailed harvester
To make a decision on the widespread use of machine technology for harvesting fruits, the plantation must be specially prepared. The machine must have a pass on each side of the raspberry line. Plants in the line should be of the same height, shoots should not bend to the ground. To even out the height of the plants, the upper part of the shoots, having collected them in bunches, is shortened by 15-30 cm.
With a combine harvester, the fruits are removed by shaking off (Littau combine, developed in the USA, and Danpluk) or using vertical vibrating drums with teeth (Pattenden, created in Scotland, and Braud Vectur, made in France). Vertical drum collectors pick up fruit twigs by vibrating teeth mounted on a rotating drum. In shakers, the fruit is separated from the fruit by shaking. The fruits are collected in the pallet of the machine and then fed to the sorting table. The harvest is harvested with the help of these two types of harvesters, and it takes 5 to 7 people to control the products, depending on the purpose of the product (processing or using whole fresh fruits).
Harvester for picking berries
Recently, New Zealand has developed a Peco machine that only harvests half a row, a new farming system (Lincoln Canopy System) has been developed for this. Fruiting shoots should be bent horizontally on either side of the row, their position should be fixed on a wire 50 cm from the ground, while new offspring should remain free to grow. In the upper part of the machine there are vertical blades that shake the branches, and in the lower part there is a conveyor belt, along which the fruits fall into containers. This harvester does not damage the offspring, and the harvested fruits are of high quality, which allows them to be consumed fresh or used for freezing (IQF). Another positive aspect is the ability to harvest fruits in the absence of pickers and in mountainous areas. However, despite the low cost of the machine, high labor costs are required for the installation of the trellis, and the plantings must be established with varieties that have strongly growing shoots.
O.V. Zhbanova on an industrial plantation of photoneutral raspberry variety Polyana
Factors limiting the introduction of mechanized raspberry harvesting are associated with crop losses, damage to shoots and limitation of the life of plantings. For this type of harvesting, it is necessary to choose varieties characterized by easy fruit separation. In addition, it is important to have a variety in the length of the shoots, including varieties with a powerful shoot, on which fruits ripen more amicably. During mechanized harvesting, plantings can be damaged - annual shoots can be damaged. The use of mechanical means should be assessed on the basis of economic analysis.
The harvester harvests 0.2 - 0.5 hectares in 1 hour, depending on the type of machine, the number of fruits on the plants and the quality of the grown product. In accordance with the instructions, the process of harvesting fruits from 1 hectare can take 30-70 hours. The productivity of one collector is 6-20 acres per season, with 5-7 more people working with him. Based on the analysis of the economic activity of manufacturers in France, it is shown that the economic efficiency of mechanized harvesting of raspberries is still lower, this conclusion was made by economists. Combine harvesting becomes economically feasible if you extend the period of its use for harvesting fruits of other crops.
Quality raspberries
The fruits of black and purple raspberries ripen much more amicably than those of red raspberries, so the harvest is completed within 1-2 weeks. To do this, you need to carry out 2-3 removals to collect the main crop, the fruits of these forms of raspberries are less damaged, even if they are very ripe. In the United States, where these types of raspberries are widespread and the berries are mainly used for processing, harvesting is done using combines.
With the arrival of spring, the beginning of summer, everyone is looking forward to the ripening of raspberries. This is not only a tasty berry, but also very healthy, which even children know about, who often ask the question: when will raspberries ripen? Its flowering and ripening depends on the variety and region of growth.
Raspberry is a deciduous shrub that can grow in the wild on forest edges, in clearings, along the coast, and is also grown in gardens and farms. Some varieties of raspberry polydrill have been known since the 16th century.
It is divided into several types:
- traditional, multiplies rapidly, bears fruit once a season;
- remontant, reproduces slowly, bears fruit 2 times per season;
- large-fruited, berries are especially large in size;
- standard, bushes with branched shoots, similar to small trees.
- forest, growing near rivers and in forests, the berries are small, but very fragrant.
Each species has its own varieties, which have different periods of raspberry ripening. In Russia, forest raspberries ripen when the temperature reaches more than 23 degrees, starting from the end of June or mid-July, depending on the climatic zone.
When raspberries begin to ripen (table)
The growing season for raspberries begins in April, but depending on the climatic conditions and the growing region, the ripening period of the same varieties can be postponed by 5-15 days.
Varieties are classified according to the timing of the main and intermediate:
- Basic: early, middle, late.
- Intermediate: mid-early, mid-late.
Harvesting lasts for 1-1.5 months, after which the two-year-old shoots dry up or are cut off.
When can you pick berries from early varieties?
The growing season of raspberries begins from April to mid-May, flowering lasts 1.5-2 weeks, end of May - early June, after which polychrodnias are formed, which ripen in mid-June - 1 decade of July. Harvesting lasts about 1-1.5 months, until the end of July. The most popular varieties of early raspberries: Solnyshko, Cumberland, Scarlet Sails.
Medium ripening
In raspberry varieties with an average period, the ripening period begins from the first days of May to mid-June, the first flowers appear in the 2-3rd decade of June.
- Mid-early: News Kuzmina, Izobilny, Good luck, Balsam, Ugolek, Gusar, Pride of Russia, Arbat, Yellow Slastena.
- Average term: Brigantine, Latham, Modest.
- Mid-late: Tarusa, Peresvet.
The beginning of harvesting fruits from late-ripening crops
Vegetation in late varieties of raspberries begins in late June - mid-July, the color appears in the 3rd decade of July - 2nd decade of August. The harvest begins from early August to September. Late varieties include: Sputnitsa, Arabesque, raspberry cut.
In what months are they harvested from remontant varieties
Remontant raspberries have special ripening periods, which can bear fruit twice per season. It is also classified by timing, starting from the first fruiting, the second comes after pruning, the formation of young shoots and flowering after 1-2 months and can last until the first frost.
In the Northern regions, the 2nd fruiting often does not occur due to a sharp change in weather conditions:
- Early: Yaroslavna, Morning Dew, Penguin.
- Mid-early: Lilac Mist, Yellow Giant, Golden Domes.
- Middle: Hercules.
- Mid-late: Diamond, Orange miracle, Golden autumn, Bryansk miracle.
- Late: Kalashnik, Apricot.
When forest raspberries ripen in Russia
Summer residents and travelers who explore forests are worried about the questions: when can you pick raspberries in the forest, in what month will raspberries ripen in the forest? The harvest of ripe forest raspberries occurs in mid-July and until the end of August, sometimes in September, you can find its thickets with ripe fruits in the south of the country.
Forest raspberries have a two-year life cycle, in the first year young shoots of green color with a large number of sharp thorns grow, light green leaves on top, white-green below, slightly pubescent. On woody shoots of the second year of life, flowers form from late June to late July, depending on the region.
On the territory of Russia, common red raspberry is widespread in the forest and forest-steppe zone, on the edges of forests, swamps, and the edge of rivers.
How to pick raspberries from bushes correctly?
In order to properly collect raspberries and not wrinkle during transportation, you must follow the rules:
- The container and hands are thoroughly washed before collection. Raspberries are very delicate, quickly wrinkle and drain, so they are not recommended to be washed. To avoid contamination of excess dirt, bacteria, hands and container must be clean.
- The harvesting time of raspberries depends on the variety, usually after flowering 1.5-2 weeks pass, when the polyglot tree ripens. Harvesting is best done in dry weather, in the morning after the dew dries or in the evening, then the berry will drain less. After the first harvest, raspberries are harvested every 2-3 days.
- The container should be shallow, then the raspberries laid out in it will lie in 2-3 layers and will choke less under their own weight. The container is tied to the waist or placed on the ground so that two hands are free. With one hand they hold a branch of a raspberry bush, with the other they carefully remove the berries. Mature can be easily removed, leaving a white receptacle on the bush.
If the place of processing of raspberries is far away or it is going for sale, then it can be cut with a stalk, but this method is more laborious. Especially if it is collected for processing, you will have to spend time removing the peduncle with a white receptacle.
Accessories for quick harvesting
For the industrial harvesting of raspberry multiflora, special harvesters are used; they work on the principle of shaking the bushes, thanks to rotating mechanisms on which thin rods are attached. A machine from both sides of a row of raspberry bushes crushes the fruit onto a conveyor. For such combines, bushes are planted at a distance of 2-2.5 m and fastened to horizontal trellises. To work, you need 3 people, 2 assemblers and 1 driver.
This way saves collection time and labor costs. The only drawback of raspberry harvesting combines is their high cost.
Popular models for picking raspberries:
- Oxbo 9120;
- Korvan;
- Natalka;
- Joanna.
To collect berries in ordinary garden plots, self-made devices or manual harvesting combines like a rake with a box are used. The processing of bushes with a hand harvester occurs due to the grasping of the bushes with a rake, and light shaking movements knock the berries into a special box.
The ripening dates for raspberries in Russia can vary, especially in the middle lane and in the northern regions due to a sharp change in weather conditions. It is important to choose the right variety and quality seedlings for the region in order to get harvest in large quantities and on time.