Plants with a large number of stomata. The number of stomata in some plants

It is known that environmental pollution primarily affects the stomatal apparatus of plants. The main functions of the stomata are gas exchange and transpiration. Dysfunction of these stomata can lead to the death of leaves, and, in general, to the death of the entire plant (Lykshitova, 2013). We counted the number of stomata on the leaf blades of the studied plant species in key areas in comparison with the control. Research data are shown in Fig. 16.

Figure: 16 Number of stomata on leaf plates Ulmus pumila, Malus baccata, Syringa vulgarisper 1 mm І sheet area

Counting the number of stomata per unit area of \u200b\u200bthe leaf blade in woody plants growing in urban conditions showed that, indeed, when approaching the highway, the number of stomata increases. The influence of atmospheric pollution disrupts the integrity of the stomatal cells, and the guard cells of the stomata lose their ability to regulate the width of the stomatal gap.

With constantly open stomatal gaps, the consumption of moisture by the plant organism on physiological processes especially affects the intensity of transpiration.

A decrease in the total water content of tissues and an increase in the amount of bound water over the amount of free water may indicate the adaptation of plants to the conditions of the urban environment. Morphobiological indicators of woody plants, the percentage of dust pollution and the features of the fractional composition of water can be used as bioindication indicators of the urban environment.

From the presented figure it can be seen that in the control area the largest number of stomata is observed in the squat elm and is 138, in the apple tree -127, in the lilac -100. Under conditions of environmental pollution, the number of stomata on the leaf blades of all studied species increases sharply. This is a morphological adaptive adaptation to plant survival under conditions of atmospheric pollution. An increase in the number of stomata on leaf blades compensates for a decrease in leaf dispersion, as shown earlier. This is due to the fact that a decrease in leaf area leads to a reduction in the stomatal apparatus, therefore, an increase in the number of stomata with a decrease in the total area of \u200b\u200bleaf blades contributes to the preservation of the functions of gas exchange and leaf transpiration. Data on the number of stomata correlate well with data on leaf dispersion. As mentioned earlier, the greatest decrease in leaf dispersion was observed in the elm. The data on the number of stomata indicate that the decrease in the number of leaves per square meter in the elm was compensated by a sharper increase in the number of stomata. So, on average for three sites in the squat elm, the number of stomata increased in comparison with the reference site, by 321, while in apple and lilacs 175 and 106, respectively.

This indicates that the elm adapts well to adverse environmental conditions.

Thus, it can be noted that under the conditions of technogenic pollution of the atmosphere of the city of Ulan-Ude, both arboreal life forms (apple and elm) and shrubs (lilacs) adapt quite well to atmospheric pollution. In all species, morphological mechanisms of adaptation are activated. In conditions of more severe dust pollution, tree forms can be recommended - apple and elm.

Determination of the state of stomata in indoor plants

The leaf of the plant has various functions. It is the main organ in which photosynthesis, gas exchange and transpiration (evaporation of water) take place. To carry out gas exchange in the terrestrial organs of the plant, there are special formations - stomata.

The stomata, although part of the epidermis (leaf skin), are special groups of cells. The stomatal apparatus consists of two guard cells, between which there is a stomatal gap, 2–4 peri-stomatal cells, and an air-gas chamber located under the stomatal gap.

Stomatal guard cells have an elongated-curved, "bean-shaped" shape. Their walls, facing the stomatal fissure, are thickened. The stomatal cells are able to change their shape - due to this, the stomatal cleft opens or closes. These cells contain chloroplasts (green plastids). The opening and closing of the stomatal gap occurs due to a change in turgor (osmotic pressure) in the guard cells. The chloroplasts of the guard cells contain starch, which can be converted into sugar. When starch is converted to sugar, the osmotic pressure increases, and the stomata open. When the sugar content decreases, the opposite process occurs and the stomata close.

The stomatal slits are often wide open in the early morning and closed (or half closed) during the day. The number of stomata depends on environmental conditions (temperature, illumination, humidity). The degree of their opening at different times of the day varies greatly in different species. In the leaves of plants in wet habitats, the stomata density is 100–700 per 1 mm 2.

Most land plants have stomata only on the underside of the leaf. They can also be found on both sides of the leaf, as, for example, in cabbage or sunflower. At the same time, the density of the stomata on the upper and lower sides of the leaf is not the same: in cabbage 140 and 240 per 1 mm 2, and in sunflower 175 and 325 per 1 mm 2, respectively. In aquatic plants, for example, water lilies, stomata are located only on the upper side of the leaf with a density of about 500 per 1 mm 2. Underwater plants have no stomata at all.

Objective:

determination of the state of stomata in various indoor plants.

Tasks

1. To study the question of the structure, location and number of stomata in various plants in the additional literature.

2. Select plants for research.

3. Determine the state of the stomata, the degree of their opening in various indoor plants available in the biology office.

Materials and methods

The determination of the state of the stomata was carried out according to the method described in the "Methodical recommendations for plant physiology" (compiled by EF Kim and EN Grishina). The essence of the technique is that the degree of opening of the stomata is determined by the penetration of certain chemicals into the pulp of the leaf. For this purpose, various liquids are used: ether, alcohol, gasoline, kerosene, benzene, xylene. We used alcohol, benzene and xylene provided to us in the chemistry room. The penetration of these fluids into the pulp of the leaf depends on the degree of opening of the stomata. If, 2-3 minutes after applying a drop of liquid on the lower side of the leaf blade, a light spot appears on the leaf, this means that the liquid penetrates through the stomata. In this case, alcohol penetrates into the leaf only with wide open stomata, benzene - even with an average opening width, and only xylene penetrates through almost closed stomata.

At the first stage of the work, we tried to establish the possibility of determining the state of stomata (degree of opening) in various plants. Agave, Cyperus, Tradescantia, Geranium, Oxalis, Syngonium, Amazonian Lily, Begonia, Sanchecia, Dieffenbachia, Clerodendron, Passiflora, Pumpkin and Beans were used in this experiment. Oxalis, geranium, begonia, sanchetia, clerodendron, passionflower, pumpkin and beans were selected for further work. In other cases, the degree of stomatal opening could not be determined. This may be due to the fact that agave, cyperus, lily have rather hard leaves covered with a bloom, which prevents the penetration of substances through the stomatal gap. Another possible reason could be that by the time of the experiment (14:00) their stomata were already closed.

The study was conducted over a week. Every day after lessons, at 14.00, using the above method, we determined the degree of stomata opening.

Results and discussion

The data obtained are presented in the table. The given data are averaged because on different days, the state of the stomata was different. Thus, out of six measurements, wide stomatal opening was recorded twice in the oxalis, once in geranium, and the average degree of stomatal opening was recorded twice in begonia. These differences do not depend on the time of the experiment. Perhaps they are related to climatic conditions, although the temperature regime in the office and the illumination of the plants were fairly constant. Thus, the obtained averaged data can be considered a certain norm for these plants.

The research carried out indicates that the degree of stomata opening is not the same in different plants at the same time and under the same conditions. There are plants with wide open stomata (begonia, sanchezia, pumpkin), average size of the stomatal gap (oxalis, geranium, beans). Narrow stomatal slits are found only in clerodendron.

We regard these results as preliminary. In the future, we plan to establish whether and how biological rhythms differ in the opening and closing of stomata in different plants. For this, the timing of the state of the stomatal crevices will be carried out during the day.

Gilina Marina Dmitrievna

biology teacher

the highest qualifications

MBOU Kamenskaya OO school

Final control test in biology.

6th grade.

1. Biology is a science that studies:

A - living and inanimate nature B - seasonal changes in wildlife

B - wildlife; D - plant life.

2 the structure of plants is studied by science :

A - ecology B - botany

B - phenology; D - biology.

3. The plant organism consists of:

A - root and stem B - root and shoot

B - flower and stem; D - flower and fruit.

4.The main parts of the flower :

A - petals and sepals B - receptacle and peduncle

B - pistil and stamens D - column and stigma

5.The main sign of the fetus:

A - the presence of a supply of nutrients B - the presence of seeds

B - the presence of a seed coat D - the presence of a fruit coat

6 you can't call fruit :

A - ripe apple B - carrot root vegetable

B - currant berries D - wheat grain

7.Cellular structure have:

A - all plants B - only some plants

B - only algae; D - only Angiosperms.

8. The root system consists of:

A - lateral roots B - adventitious roots

B - all roots of the plant; D - main and lateral roots.

9. Photosynthesis occurs (choose two correct answers)

A - only in the light B - only in leaves

B - only in the dark; D - only in the green parts of the plant.

10. Higher plants do not belong :

A - algae B - ferns

11. Plants participate in sexual reproduction :

A - gametes B - spores

B - leaf cells; D - seeds.

12 .The class of monocotyledonous plants includes plants in which : (select two signs)

A - the embryo has 2 cotyledons B - the embryo has 1 cotyledon

B - fibrous root system D - tap root system

13. Autotrophs are:

A - green plants B - mushrooms

B - bacteria; D - lichens.

In the table below, there is a relationship between the positions of the first and second columns . Whole

Part

Seed

Root

Lateral root

14. What concept should be inserted in the place of the pass in this table?

fetus

inflorescence

flower

fruiting body

15. The highest spore plants include

scots pine

kelp

porcini

bracken fern

16. Using the table "The number of stomata in some plants," answer the following questions.

Table

The number of stomata in some plants

Plant name

Stoma number per mm 3

Growing place

On the top surface of the sheet

On the underside of the sheet

Water lily

625

Water

Oak

438

Wet forest

Apple tree

248

Fruit garden

Oats

Field

Rejuvenated

Stony dry places

1) How are the stomata located in most of the plants presented in the table?

2) Why is the number of stomata in many plants different? Give one explanation.

3) How does the number of stomata depend on the humidity of the plant's habitat?

17. In a dark forest, many plants have light flowers because they:

and. Noticeable by insects

b. Visible to people

in. Decorate the forest

d. grow on fertile soil

18. Ecology is a science that studies:

and. Vegetable world

b. Animal world

in. Inanimate nature

d. The living conditions of living organisms and their mutual influence on each other.

"Biology Competition" - Brush. Teams. Erythrocyte. The science. Erudite competition. Warm up. Pope Innocent. The science of maintaining and strengthening human health. Term. The nasal cavity. English scientist. Fixed bone connection. Field of Dreams. The science of the structure and shape of the organism and its organs. Competition for captains. Find the mistake.

"Game in Biology" Grade 6 "- White dress. Capercaillie. Earthworm. Walk in the forest. Basket. Insect. Beet. Blizzard. What is superfluous. Living letter. Petals. Catch the bird. Team. Linden. Biology game. Spring is coming. Weed. Freeze. Crossword. Guess the rebus. Find the mistake. Golden mean.

"Biology Quiz" - You will be happy with life again. "Roots" Potatoes Tomatoes Carrots Cabbage Pepper Helen Eggplants. The berry is delicious. What kind of plant is in the black box? We will take a mixture from the garden, For a pill we go to the garden, We will quickly cure a cold. In addition to fruits, tops are used. An hour of entertaining biology. Tip # 2 Symbiosis.

"Game on biology" - grade 11. “The views of the scientists K. Linnaeus, J.-B. Discussion of the course and results of the game. Preparation for conducting. Play is a creative discussion. Orientation. Play is a guided discussion. Didactic possibilities of educational games. "Make a three-digit number." "The fifth extra". Classification of educational games (by T.P. Voitenko).

"Games Lessons" - Herb with a violet-colored cone-petal corolla. And between the zones of conduction and growth? 13. Astra. 12. Bell. 17. After going through the maze, find pairs of symbiosis. Some of the letters are hidden in the braid. Cactus. How are root bumps formed? Conifer tree. Pear fruit. Vertical: thuja, biota, yew, fir, cedar, spruce.

"Game in Biology" - What is the name of the elder sister of the squash and squash? Name the plant. Name the bird Athena, the goddess of wisdom. Round three. What did IP Pavlov call “amazing food prepared by nature itself”? The rules are similar to the rules of the TV show "Own Game". In which country is the highest award - the Order of the Chrysanthemum. Cannes - Palme d'Or, Berlin - Golden Bear, Venice - ...

Keywords

WATER MODE / QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF STOMACHES / SHEET PLATES / BETULA PENDULA ROTH / STABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT / ANTHROPOGENIC / BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS / WATER REGIME / QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF STOMATA / LEAF BLADES / DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY / ANTHROPOGENIC / BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS

annotation scientific article on biological sciences, the author of the scientific work - Belyaeva Yulia Vitalievna

This research work is devoted to the study of the water regime of Betula pendula Roth. The assessment was based on the results of the study quantitative indicators of stomata leaf blades. The analysis was carried out in the summer. It was found that at the beginning of summer, the indicators of water-holding capacity are high, and at the end of summer, closer to autumn, they are low. The data obtained show a strong dependence of the number of stomata on the air pollution of the growing areas of the studied species.

Text of scientific work on the topic “Results of the study of the number of stomata of leaf blades of Betula pendula Roth. growing under anthropogenic impact (on the example of G.O. Togliatti) "

Terrestrial ecosystems

RESULTS OF STUDYING THE NUMBER OF STOMATHES OF BETULA PENDULA ROTH. LEAF PLAQUES GROWING UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TOGLIATTI)

Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, Togliatti Received 12.01.2015

This research work is devoted to the study of the water regime of Betula pendula Roth. The assessment was carried out according to the results of a study of quantitative indicators of the stomata of leaf blades. The analysis was carried out in the summer. It was found that at the beginning of summer, the indicators of water retention capacity are high, and at the end of summer, closer to autumn, they are low. The data obtained show a strong dependence of the number of stomata on the air pollution of the growing areas of the studied species.

Key words: water regime, quantitative indicators of stomata, leaf blades, Betula pendula Roth., Developmental stability, anthropogenic, biotic and abiotic factors.

INTRODUCTION

The city district of Togliatti is one of the most developing centers in Russia. The main sources of air pollution are the largest enterprises in the automotive industry, petrochemistry, the production of chemical fertilizers and building materials, thermal power plants and boiler houses, road and rail transport with a high density of traffic flows, and a river port. Additional - population growth, intensive development of residential and office buildings. An assessment of atmospheric air pollution in Togliatti revealed that the atmosphere of the Central District is the most polluted (2 and 1.3 times higher than the permissible), followed by the Komsomolsk District (2 and 1.1 times higher than the allowable), then the Avtozavodsk District (1, 9 times), the suburban area is minimally polluted (according to the FSBI "Privolzhskoe UGMS", 2015).

The high degree of pollution inherent in such cities leads to the weakening of some species of woody plants, their premature aging, reduced productivity, disease and pest damage, drying out and death. Betula pendula Roth, is a common arboreal species in urban areas

For resistant species of woody plants

features such as a larger number 1 2

stomata per 1 mm of leaf surface; shorter duration and degree of their openness during the day; large thickness of the cuticle and the presence of additional integumentary formations; less thickness and ventilation of the spongy parenchyma; lower value of the ratio of the height of the palisade tissue to the height of the spongy tissue.

Belyaeva Yulia Vitalievna, assistant, [email protected]

Scientific research is needed to study the mechanisms of adaptation, growth and development of woody plants, as well as their survival rate under the negative anthropogenic impact of industrialized cities. Currently, work in the field of environmental monitoring is relevant, which includes chemical, physical and biological methods for assessing the quality of the environment. We carry out a comprehensive ecological and biological assessment of the state of urban woody plants. Using the ecological and biological assessment, it is possible to obtain specific data on the state of green spaces in the urban environment subject to anthropogenic and climatic influences. In the Samara region, the summer of 2010 was distinguished by three months of no rain, extreme dry air and, as a consequence, numerous fires that destroyed many hectares of the precious forest. Heat, temperature over 40 ° C, plus 45 ° C in the shade, plus 70 ° C on the ground, dry land at a depth of 3-6 m, constantly scorching sun, as well as reflected heat and light in the city. These factors influenced the plantations of Betula pendula Roth., Growing in the city and suburbs. Over the next years, a fact came to light that the individuals of Betula pendula Roth. continue to suffer and shrink. Therefore, the problem is especially acute in the effectiveness of this type of plant, on measures to restore the plantings of Betula pendula Roth. or replacement with other more resistant species, as well as stabilization of the ecological situation in the city.

MATERIAL AND METHOD

It is known that the processes of water evaporation (transpiration) and gas exchange in plants occur through the stomata. Air pollution affects the stomatal apparatus of plants, which leads to

dysfunction of stomata and plant death. By counting the number of stomata on the leaf blades and comparing it with the control, it is possible to obtain data indicating the state of the plant, its adaptive capacity, and also to identify places of increased pollution.

The study areas are located in the temperate continental climate zone with characteristic arctic and tropical air. In winter, this manifests itself in the form of severe frosts, and in summer - sharp fluctuations in temperature during the day. In the year, the average monthly air temperature in Togliatti varies from + 20.7 ° С in July to -11 ° С in January.

The aim of the study was to assess the state of Betula Pendula Roth, in the conditions of anthropogenic pollution of the city of Togliatti, using the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the leaf blades.

The studies were carried out in 2013-2014. on five experimental sites of two administrative districts in different types of plantings. In the Avtozavodsky district, these are the Industrial Zone and the Victory Park. In the Central District, these are Banykin Street and a suburban forest. The control site was located in the Uzyukovsky pine forest (25 km from the city limits).

The object of the study was Betula Pendula Roth, which grows in all districts of the city and outside the city limits. This is a plant species of the genus Birch (Betula), family Birch (Betulaceae). Fast growing tree species. It is very light-requiring, its crown is open, it lets in a lot of light.

The subject of the study is the quantitative indicator of the stomata of the leaf blade of Betula pendula Roth. This technique has been tested for Betula pendula Roth, which grows in conditions of various natural cenoses and intra-urban areas of the city of Omsk. Togliatti, Samara region.

The anatomical and physiological state of the leaf blades of the studied species was assessed in June, July and August by a method developed on the basis of standard techniques. The study of anatomical and physiological parameters was carried out by counting the number of stomata per 1 mm2 using a microscope. Mathematical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the Microsoft Office package - Microsoft Excel. Correlation analysis was used to interpret the results obtained.

Medium-aged plants were used for the analysis. The leaves were taken from the lower part of the crown, at the level of a raised hand, from the maximum number of available branches (from branches in different directions, conventionally - to the north, south, west, east), 10 leaves from each tree at each site. The leaves were taken about one, medium size for this species.

Stoma counts were performed under laboratory conditions. On the evaporating surface of the leaf prepared for the experiment, the leaf blades were made with a scalpel at right angles to the central vein, and superficial cuts were made every 2-3 mm and a thin layer of the epidermis was cut off. The epidermis of the leaf blade was placed in a drop of water on a glass slide, covered with a cover glass and examined under a light microscope at low magnification, and then the microscope was transferred to a higher magnification with a x40 objective, x16 eyepiece. At the same time, the focus was slightly changed with the microscrew in order to detect all the stomata in the area under consideration. The average number of stomata in the microscope field of view was determined by examining several (3-4) visual fields in different parts of the preparation. The number of stomata in the light spot was counted in three places on each leaf: on a mentally delineated line from the central vein to the edge of the leaf, two places were selected, and the third one was at the top of the leaf.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of the study showed that Betula pendula Roth., Growing within the city - the Industrial Zone, Victory Park and Banykin Street has a greater number of stomata per 1

mm leaf surface, compared with suburban forest and control - Uzyukovsky bor. The maximum increase in the number of stomata per 1 mm2 of the leaf blade is observed in the Industrial Zone. When approaching highways, the number of stomata increases sharply. The obtained indicators of the number of stomata of leaf blades in 2014 are higher than in 2013. Due to the fact that 2014 was drier than 2013, the summer season of 2013 was characterized by frequent precipitation in the form of rain. A visual comparison of the sizes of stomata from leaves from different points of the city showed a visible decrease in their sizes as the air was polluted.

The integrity of stomatal cells is disturbed under the influence of chemical air pollution. Stomatal guard cells are unable to regulate the width of the stomatal cleft. From this, the stomata are constantly open and the plant's water consumption for transpiration increases. What does the plant do in such a situation? Increases the number of stomata on its leaf blades, thereby compensating for the decrease in leaf size. A decrease in the area of \u200b\u200bleaf blades irreversibly leads to a reduction in the stomatal apparatus, therefore, an increase in the number of stomata with a decrease in the total leaf area leads to the preservation of the functions of gas exchange and transpiration of leaf blades of Betula pendula Roth. The data obtained for two years of the study indicate that the decrease in the size of the leaf blades is compensated by the increase in the number of stomata. Compared to reference area 202

Terrestrial ecosystems

in the Industrial Zone 445 (an increase of 2.2 times was noted), in Victory Park 411 (an increase in 2 times), on Banykin Street 334 (1.6 times) and in the suburban forest 244 (1.2 times). From diagram

it can be seen that over the year the indicator of the number of stomata of leaf blades increased by an average of 3.5 times.

500.00 a ■ o g 450.00 i S z s S ï 400.00 II g 1 350.00 § O ÜJ ^ 300.00 iä s E 250.00 ii ¥ 4 200.00 3 4 * 150.00 461.00 4Ï!), 00 - ■

206, OO ^^^ i - ^^^ 231.00

Uzyunovsky bor Forest city Banykina street Victory Park Industrial zone

Number of stomata per mm2 (2013) 198.00 231.00 319.00 392.00 429.00

Number of stomata per mm2 (2014) 206.00 257.00 348.00 430.00 461.00

Figure: Results of the estimation of the number of stomata of the leaf Betula pendula Roth. for 2013-2014 CONCLUSION

Based on the calculations, it was calculated

average number of stomata per 1 mm of lamina. Prototypes were collected from various sites. Based on the results, a graph was built, on which the average data from different points of the study were expressed in a curved line, indicating an increase in the number of stomata with increasing air pollution. The experimental data obtained by us indicate that in g. Togliatti, in conditions of complex air pollution, increased exhaust gases from vehicles, a weakening of the vital state of Betula pendula Roth is observed, which is reflected in the deterioration of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the leaves. However, an increase in the number of stomata on a leaf blade, a change in leaf area and weight, dispersion, and anatomy of the leaf should be considered as an adaptation of the Betula pendula Roth population to the conditions of technogenic pollution of the urban environment.

Betula pendula Roth, a highly adaptable species. But the anthropogenic load growing every year is so great that there are more dead individuals than adapted ones. It is clear that in order to improve the ecological situation in Togliatti, it is necessary to plant Betula pendula Roth, in places where there is no vegetation and there are roads with heavy traffic (for example, the Industrial Zone). The preservation of Betula pendula Roth specimens is just as necessary as the planting of young specimens, because the death of one plant species means a threat to the existence of 10 to 30 species of living beings.

Ecological and biological assessment of the state of woody plants according to various bioindication indicators should be used when

following the state of the plant and the urban environment.

THANKS

The author expresses his deep gratitude and sincere gratitude to his scientific advisor C.B. Saksonov (IEVB RAS, Togliatti) for understanding, support and valuable advice, V.N. Kozlovsky (PVGUS, Togliatti) for the direction on the true path and invaluable support, O.V. Kozlovskaya (PVGUS, Togliatti) for personal example and invaluable support, A.B. Grebenkin (Russian State University for the Humanities, Togliatti-Moscow) and A.C. Mych-kina (VEGU, Togliatti) for her help in field data collection and friendly support, M.A. Pyanov for constructive criticism (PVGUS, Togliatti), V.M. Vasyukov (IEVB RAS, Togliatti) and A.B. Ivanova (IEVB RAS, Togliatti) for valuable advice and kind attitude. Special thanks for understanding and patience to my dear mother L.V. Belyaeva.

LIST OF REFERENCES

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2. Belyaeva Yu.V. Results of a study of the water-holding capacity of leaf blades of Betula pendula roth. Growing under anthropogenic impact (on the example of Togliatti) // Bulletin of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014. T. 16, No. 5 (5). S. 16541659.

3. Bioecological research [Internet resource] - Access mode: http://nsmelaya.narod.ru/ecopraktika.htm

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6. Zakharov V.M., Baranov A.S., Borisov V.I. and other Health of the environment: assessment methods. Moscow: Center for Environmental Policy of Russia, 2000.68 p.

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9. Kavelenova L.M., Prokhorova N.V. Plants in bioindication of the environment. Tutorial. Samara, 2012.

10. Kozlovskaya OV Materials for the flora of the Povolzhsky village and its environs (Togliatti urban district). 1: Dicotyledonous plants // Ecology and geography of plants and communities of the Middle Volga region. Materials of the III scientific conference (Togliatti, IEVB RAS, October 3-5, 2014) / Ed. S.A. Senator, C.B. Saxonova, G.S. Rosenberg. Togliatti: Kassandra, 2014.S. 210-216.

11. Kulagin Yu.Z. Woody plants and industrial environments. Moscow: Nauka, 1974.125 p.

12. Nikolaevsky B.C. Biological bases of plant gas resistance. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1979.280 p.

13. Field V.V. Plant physiology. M. 1989.464 p.

14. Sayenko O.V., Saxony C.B., Senator S.A. Materials for the flora of the Uzyukovsky forest massif // Research in the field of natural sciences and education. Interuniversity. Sat. scientific research. works. Issue 2. Samara, 2011.S. 48-53.

15. Saxon C.B., Senator S.A. A guide to the Samara flora (1851-2011). Flora of the Volga basin. T.I. Togliatti: Kassandra, 2012.511 p.

16. Togliatti Specialized Hydrometeorological Observatory of the State Institution, Samara Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (data).

RESULTS QUANTITY OF STOMA LAMINA BETULA PENDULA ROTH., GROWING UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT (ILLUSTRATED G.O. TOLYATTI)

Institute of ecology of Volga basin of RAS, Togliatti

This research work is devoted to the study of the water regime Betula pendula Roth. The evaluation was conducted according to a study of quantitative indicators of stomata of the leaf blades. Analyzing was conducted in the summer. It was found that in the early summer high performance water-holding capacity, and at the end of the summer, closer to the fall - low. These data show a strong dependence of the number of stomata on air pollution habitats studied species.

Key words: water regime, quantitative indicators of stomata, leaf blades, Betula pendula Roth., Developmental stability, anthropogenic, biotic and abiotic factors.

Belyaeva Julia Vitaljevna, assistant, [email protected]

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