In this post, we will tell you a story about how to build a CNC laser machine with your own hands, which one of our subscribers told us.
Foreword
A couple of months ago I was looking through the entries from a contest where I saw some pretty cool engraving machines and I thought, "Why don't I make my own?". And so I did, but I didn’t want to copy someone else’s project, I wanted to make my own unique CNC machine with my own hands. And so my story began...
Specifications
This laser engraver is equipped with 1.8W 445nm laser module, of course, it is nothing compared to industrial laser cutters that use lasers over 50 watts. But this laser will be enough for us. It can cut paper and cardboard, and can engrave all kinds of wood or plywood products. I haven't tested other materials yet, but I'm sure it can engrave many other surfaces. I will immediately go ahead and say that it has a large working field measuring about 500 × 380 mm.
Who can make such a laser machine? Everyone, no matter if you are an engineer, lawyer, teacher or student like me! All you need is patience and a great desire to get a really high-quality machine.
It took me about three months to design and build this engraving machine, including waiting about a month for parts. Of course, such work can be done faster, but I am only 16 years old, so I could only work on weekends.
Required materials for assembly
Obviously, you can't make a laser engraver without the right parts, so I've put together a spec with pretty much everything you need to make it. Almost all parts are bought on Aliexpress because it is cheap and there are free shipping for most products. Other parts such as machined rods and MDF sheets (may be made from plywood) were purchased locally. hardware store. The laser and laser driver were ordered from ebay.
I tried to find the most low prices for all items (not including shipping).
It took a lot of time before I came up with this design. At first I made several others, but this one was really the most beautiful of all the others. First of all, I drew all the details in a graphic editor and printed them out in natural size.
I assemble the entire engraver from MDF sheets 18 mm and 12 mm thick.
The choice fell on this design also because it was easy to attach the Z axis and the tool, turning our machine into a milling machine.
Of course, I could have made a different, simpler design... But no! I wanted something special!
Assembly process
Having printed out the drawings, I had the details that needed to be put together. The first thing I did was install the electronics case door on the left side and the hinge lock (the door installs without difficulty, so I did that first. To assemble the electronics case, I used a lot of L-shaped iron brackets with holes for self-tapping screws If the body is planned to be made of plywood, then it is also necessary to drill holes in it for self-tapping screws.
First, the left side of the electronics housing was taken again and the front and rear parts of the housing were installed on it using brackets. I did not use screws or nails to install the cover and control panel, but screwed the same brackets to the walls and simply laid the cover with the panel on them so that later on when installing the electronics there would be no inconvenience.
Putting the electronics case aside and taking the base plate and X-axis bearing parts, install them as shown in the photos, making sure that the X-axis and motor mount are on the right side of the CNC machine. Now you can safely install the electronics housing in the same way as shown in the figures.
Next, two 700 mm shafts were taken, two linear bearings each were strung on them, and they were fixed on the machine itself using special end supports for ground shafts.
At this stage, I got this:
Put aside this half of the laser machine for a while and take care of the moving part of X, and support the Y axis and attach the weight of the shaft support to the moving part of the X axis with nuts and bolts, and attach the support to the X axis with two nuts.
- Now take two 500mm shafts, put one linear bearing on each shaft, slide a shaft support on each end of each shaft and mount them on the machine.
- Attach the Y-axis drive nut to the Y-axis moving part with nuts and bolts, and screw it to the linear bearings using self-tapping screws.
- Attach the lead screw and stepper motor.
- Connect all of this to the other half of the engraver and secure the lead screw and stepper motor.
Now you should have something similar to what is shown in this photo:
Machine electronics
I also installed wooden detail into the electronics housing to secure the stepper motor.
Or you can just put the lid and panel on the engraver to admire the work done and the great design.”
findings
This, perhaps, is all the information that he conveyed to us, but this is a pretty good instruction for those who have a dream to assemble a good home-made laser machine for home and hobby purposes with their own hands.
The assembly of a laser engraver itself is not particularly expensive, since the number of parts is minimal, and their cost is not particularly high. The most expensive parts are probably stepper motors, guides and, of course, parts of the laser head itself with a cooling system.
This machine deserves special attention, since not every laser engraver allows you to quickly install a milling machine on the 3rd axis and turn the machine into a full-fledged CNC router.
In conclusion, I would like to say: if you really want to assemble a high-quality CNC machine yourself with your own hands, which will serve faithfully for many years, you do not need to save on every detail and try to make the guides smoother than the factory ones or replace the ball screws with a stud with a nut. Although such a machine will work, but the quality of its work and the constant tuning of mechanics and software it will simply upset you, making you regret the time and money spent on it.
Everyone has probably heard that from the writer DVD drive or you can get a semiconductor laser and light matches with it and burn through thin paper.
But the author of this video went further and made quite such a handy tool for engraving on organic surfaces. And this idea immediately played out in a different way. It should be noted that the video instruction for making a laser engraver is very detailed. The author explains in detail all the steps and why, what is needed. The only thing the author did not say is that even with such a low-power laser it is worth handling very carefully and avoiding even a beam reflected from any surface into the eyes. Otherwise, you can seriously damage your eyes. There is a way to increase the power of the laser. You just need to use several semiconductor lasers and focus their beams to one point. But this will seriously complicate the design and require a more powerful power source.
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To make a laser engraver or CNC (computer numerical control) machine, we need:
DVD-ROM or CD-ROM
- Plywood 10 mm thick (you can also use 6 mm)
- Wood screws 2.5 x 25 mm, 2.5 x 10 mm
- Arduino Uno (compatible boards can be used)
- L9110S motor driver 2 pcs.
- Laser 1000mW 405nm Blueviolet
- Analog joystick
- Button
- 5V power supply (I will use an old but working computer power supply)
- Transistor TIP120 or TIP122
- Resistor 2.2 kOhm, 0.25 W
- Connecting wires
- Electric jigsaw
- Drill
- Wood drills 2mm, 3mm, 4mm
- Screw 4 mm x20 mm
- Nuts and washers 4 mm
- soldering iron
- Solder, rosin
Step 1 Disassemble the drives.
Any CD or DVD drive is suitable for the engraver. It needs to be taken apart and removed. internal mechanism they come in different sizes:
It is necessary to remove all optics and the board located on the mechanism:
You need to glue a table to one of the mechanisms. You can make a table from the same plywood by cutting a square with a side of 80 mm. Or cut the same square out of the CD/DVD-ROM case. Then the part that you plan to engrave can be pressed with a magnet. Cut out the square, glue it:
To the second mechanism, you need to glue a plate to which the laser will subsequently be attached. There are a lot of manufacturing options and it depends on what you have at hand. I used a plastic model plate. In my opinion, this is the most convenient option. I got the following:
Step 2 Making the case.
For the manufacture of the body of our engraver, we will use plywood 10 mm thick. If it is not there, you can take plywood of a smaller thickness, for example 6 mm, or replace plywood with plastic. It is necessary to print the following photos and cut out one lower part, one upper and two side parts according to these templates. In the places marked with a circle, make holes for self-tapping screws with a diameter of 3mm.
After cutting it should look like this:
at the top and lower parts it is necessary to make holes of 4 mm for fastening your parts of the drives. I can’t immediately mark these holes, because they are different:
When assembling, it is necessary to use wood screws 2.5 x 25 mm. In places where self-tapping screws are screwed in, it is necessary to pre-drill holes with a 2 mm drill. Otherwise, plywood may crack. If it is planned to assemble the housing from plastic, it is necessary to provide for the connection of parts metal corners and use screws with a diameter of 3 mm. To give an aesthetic appearance to our engraver, it is worth sanding all the details with fine emery, if desired, you can paint. I like black, I painted all the details black with spray paint.
Step 3 Prepare the power supply.
To power the engraver, you need a 5 volt power supply with a current of at least 1.5 amperes. I will use an old computer power supply. Cut off all pads. To start the power supply, you need to close the green (PC_ON) and black (GND) wires. You can put a switch between these wires for convenience, or you can simply twist them together and use the power supply switch, if any.
To connect the load, we output red (+5), yellow (+12) and black (GND) wires. Purple (duty +5) can deliver a maximum of 2 amps or less, depending on the power supply. There is voltage on it even with the green and black wires open.
For convenience, we glue the engraver on double-sided tape to the power supply.
Step 4 Joystick for manual control.
To set the initial engraving position, we will use an analog joystick and a button. We place everything on the circuit board and output the wires to connect to the Arduino. Attaching to the body:
We connect according to the following scheme:
Out X - pin A4 Arduino Out Y - pin A5 Arduino Out Sw - pin 3 Arduino Vcc - +5 Power Supply Gnd - Gnd Arduino
Step 5 Place the electrics.
We will place all the electrics behind our engraver. We fasten the Arduino Uno and the motor driver with 2.5 x 10 mm self-tapping screws. We connect as follows:
We connect the wires from the stepper motor along the X axis (table) to the outputs of the L9110S motor driver. Further like this:
B-IA - pin 7 B-IB - pin 6 A-IA - pin 5 A-IB - pin 4 Vcc - +5 from the power supply GND - GND
We connect the wires from the stepper motor along the Y axis (laser) to the outputs of the L9110S motor driver. Further like this:
B-IA - pin 12 B-IB - pin 11 A-IA - pin 10 A-IB - pin 9 Vcc - +5 from the power supply GND - GND
If at the first start the engines will hum, but do not move, it is worth swapping the screwed wires from the engines.
Don't forget to connect:
+5 from Arduino - +5 power supply GND Arduino - GND Power supply
Step 6 Installing the laser.
The Internet is full of diagrams and instructions for making a laser from a laser diode from a DVD-Rom writer. This process is long and complicated. Therefore, I bought a ready-made laser with a driver and a cooling radiator. This greatly simplifies the process of manufacturing a laser engraver. The laser consumes up to 500 mA, so it cannot be connected directly to the Arduino. We will connect the laser through a TIP120 or TIP122 transistor.
The 2.2 kOhm resistor must be included in the gap between the Base of the transistor and pin 2 of the Arduino.
Base - R 2.2 kOm - pin 2 Arduino Collector - Laser GND (black wire) Emitter - GND (Power supply common) +5 laser (red wire) - +5 power supply
There are few connections here, so we solder everything on weight, isolate and fasten the transistor from the back to the case:
To firmly fix the laser, it is necessary to cut another plate from the same plastic as the plate glued to the Y axis. We fasten the laser cooling radiator to it with the screws included in the laser kit:
We insert the laser inside the radiator and fix it with screws, also included in the laser kit:
And we fasten this whole structure to our engraver:
Step 7 Arduino IDE Programming Environment.
Download and install the Arduino IDE. It is best to do this from the official project.
The latest version at the time of writing the instructions is ARDUINO 1.8.5. No additional libraries are required. You should connect the Arduino Uno to the computer and fill it with the following sketch:
After uploading the sketch, you should check that the engraver works as it should.
Attention! The laser is not a toy! A laser beam, even if not focused, even reflected, damages the retina when it enters the eye. Highly recommend purchasing goggles! And all work on checking and tuning is carried out only in protective glasses. Also, you should not look without glasses at the operation of the laser during the engraving process.
We turn on the power. When you change the position of the joystick forward - backward, the table should move, left to right - the Y axis, that is, the laser, should move. When the button is pressed, the laser should turn on.
Next, you need to adjust the focus of the laser. Putting on safety goggles! We put a small sheet of paper on the table, and presses the button. By changing the position of the lens (turning the lens), we find the position at which the laser point on the sheet is minimal.
Step 8 Preparing Processing.
To transfer the image to the engraver, we will use the Processing programming environment. Must be downloaded from the official
Engravers are widely used in various industries, not only for engraving various materials, but also for drilling miniature holes, polishing, grinding, milling. The same operations with their help can be performed at home. If this is required only occasionally, or you just need to save money on buying a tool, then you can make a mini-drill yourself from unnecessary equipment, which often lies unused in garages or storage rooms. Via homemade drills it will be possible to perform the same operations as with a factory tool of similar power, only the appropriate nozzles will need to be used.
According to the features of their functioning, engravers are divided into milling and laser engravers. In the first, the material is processed with various nozzles. In laser models, all the work is done laser ray- This non-contact engraving. At the same time, such a device belongs to the category of high-tech equipment. But a homemade engraver can be made at home.
To create a laser engraver with your own hands, you will need the following parts, tools and materials:
- stepper motors from a dvd drive;
- computing platform Arduino;
- Proto Board with display;
- limit switches for motors;
- laser module (for example, with a power of 3 W);
- a device for adjusting the magnitude of the constant voltage;
- laser cooling system;
- MOSFET (transistor);
- boards for assembling motor control elements;
- frame;
- toothed pulleys and belts for them;
- various sizes of bearings;
- wooden boards: 2 pieces measuring 135x10x2 cm and two more - 125x10x2 cm;
- 4 round metal rods with a section of 10 mm;
- lubricant;
- clamps, bolts with washers and nuts;
- vise;
- locksmith tools;
- drill;
- electric jigsaw or circular saw;
- files or sandpaper;
- computer or laptop.
Stepper motors can be taken not only from DVD, but also from a printer that is practically not used.
The machine is assembled according to the following algorithm:
- create a foundation;
- mount guides with movable carriages;
- assemble an electrical circuit;
- establish desired programs on computer;
- carry out adjustment (adjustment) of the laser head;
- check the functionality of the machine.
Connection diagram stepper electric motors taken from inkjet printer or DVD, shown in the photo below.
The entire sequence of actions that allows you to assemble a laser engraver on arduino is shown in detail in the video below.
The created CNC engraver will cost much cheaper than any factory-produced laser models. It can be used for making stamps, for photoresist, for working with wood, plywood, plastic, cardboard, polystyrene foam and cork sheets. Metal engraving is also possible.
Assembling an electric engraver with a tripod and a flexible shaft
An electric engraver is the most common type of this kind of tool at home. To make a functionally complete device on your own, capable of competing with analogues industrial production, you need an electric motor that runs on alternating current 220V. Such electric motors can be taken from the following equipment:
- Soviet-style reel-to-reel tape recorders;
- DVD players;
- washing machines;
- angle grinders;
- electric sewing machines.
The latter option is optimal, because it is possible to adjust the speed in a fairly wide range using the built-in rheostat.
For domestic use a drill with an idle speed of up to 6 thousand revolutions per minute is enough.
Holding an electric motor from any of the listed types of equipment in one hand is inconvenient, and in most cases it is simply impossible. Therefore, it will be necessary flexible shaft for engraver. Wherein general form the future device will turn out, approximately, as in the photo below.
The functionality of the created device for engraving will depend on the materials and mechanisms used in the assembly. The motor can be put on the table, but it is more convenient to do tripod for engraver, or rather its likeness.
Production of a flexible shaft
With a flexible shaft, everything is relatively simple. It can be done in several ways:
- from an old drive shaft, for example, from a dental drill;
- using the speedometer cable of a motorcycle or car.
The shaft attachment can also be used from a drill or make your own from different materials, for example, from wood, textolite, plastic pipes. From textolite a device (handle) for holding the snap is done like this:
- cut off 2 textolite platinum (sheet thickness should be about 1 cm) about 2 by 10 cm in size;
- connect them together and grind them with a file or sandpaper on the outside to make a cylinder;
- pierced with inside grooves;
- metal rings fix the parts with each other;
- a tube is inserted into the front of the handle, under a cartridge consisting of two separate halves connected with a bolt.
As a result, you get a handle, as in the photo below.
done inner hole between the textolite plates there must be such a section so as not to interfere with the free rotation of the cable. It will be possible to insert nozzles with a shank diameter from 2 to 5 mm into the chuck.
Assembling the engraving machine
It is very easy to make a tripod (base for installing an electric motor) from plywood or the same textolite. To do this, proceed as follows:
- cut out from a sheet of material several pieces (4 is enough) of the size corresponding to the electric motor;
- a motor is attached to one of the fragments using clamps;
- collect a box;
- a hole is drilled in the front for a flexible shaft.
The created structure is suspended from the wall.
Convenient to use factory clamp holder for the engraver, if the size of the electric motor allows. Mount connects to any table. But such a device will need to be purchased additionally.
Further assembly of the engraving device is performed in the following sequence:
- using a coupling created from a drilled bolt, the cable is connected to the motor shaft;
- put a rubber hose of the appropriate diameter on the cable and attach the handle made to it;
- install the start button;
- connect the equipment to the network;
- check the performance of the device.
A homemade drill will allow you to process wood, bone, metal, glass, plastic, ceramic blanks, as well as different metals, natural and artificial stone.
You can also use electric motors to create home-made straight grinders, rated for 380 V, but if they can be adjusted to 220. In such cases, you will need to tinker extra. Information on this issue a lot both on the Internet and in books on electrical engineering.
Making a mini drill from a motor
It happens that at home it is required to make small holes in wood or plastic, while drills from a drill are not suitable. In such cases, a homemade mini-drill from a motor will help. It can also be used to wood engraving. And if there is an interest in amateur radio, then using the created tool, you can drill and cut boards.
To create makeshift fixture, you will need to take a miniature electric motor from an old tape recorder. even fit various models motors from children's toys. If you use a mini-motor from a 12 V tape recorder as a drive, then you will also need the following materials and parts:
- power supply unit or several batteries (accumulator) with 12 V output;
- a piece of plastic pipe (about 10 cm long) with such a cross section that a miniature electric motor can be inserted inside;
- heat-resistant glue;
- power button;
- wiring for electrical connections.
Do-it-yourself mini-drill is assembled according to the following algorithm:
- using an electric drill or a knife, make a hole in the tube for the switch;
- lubricate the motor with glue to fix it inside the future case;
- insert the motor into the tube;
- any of the wires through which the motor is powered is protruded into a hole previously drilled in the housing, and the other end is left on the back of the housing;
- one wire from the power supply is inserted into the hole for the button;
- solder the switch to the protruding ends with a soldering iron, carefully isolating the contacts;
- the two wires remaining from the end of the tube (from the button and the motor) are connected to the connector for connecting the power supply;
- cut off the neck of any plastic bottle;
- make a hole in the center of the cover for the connector and glue these parts together;
- glue the neck to the tube;
- connect the assembled mini drill to the power supply;
- by pressing a button, they check the performance of the homemade product.
Supply unit voltage should be selected so that it matches the operating voltage of the electric motor used.
To make a mini drill autonomous, it is enough just to adapt batteries to it.
Homemade dremel from a drill and a blender
If you have an old or unnecessary blender, then it is also easy to make a mini-drill out of it. This household appliance already have a comfortable handle. In addition to the blender itself, you will also need such devices and additional parts:
- tools to disassemble the device (screwdrivers with different tips, pliers);
- caliper or ruler;
- collet;
- soldering iron with soldering kit;
- file for finishing, sandpaper;
- switch.
You can do without the last detail, but then you will need to constantly hold the power button with your hand while working with a straight grinder.
An engraver from a blender is created like this:
- neatly disassemble household appliances;
- take out internal parts: electric motor and printed circuit board, which controls the operation of the device;
- using a caliper, measure the diameter of the spindle in order to purchase a collet chuck suitable for it;
- if the electric motor is contaminated with something, for example, rust, then it is carefully cleaned with care so as not to damage the windings;
- fix the purchased collet chuck (or made by yourself) on the spindle;
- the power button already on the blender is replaced with a switch: solder the wire contacts;
- adapting a hole in the housing of the household appliance for a new switch;
- install the electric motor with the board in their places inside the case;
- collect the tool.
Depending on the model of the blender you are converting, you may need to do additional holes in its case, or expand existing ones with a file. Doing this won't be a problem.
The entire described process of assembling a dremel from a blender is demonstrated in detail in the video below.
You can not remake the blender, but simply connect a flexible shaft for a factory-made engraver to it. The docking method is shown in the video below.
You can also make an engraver from a drill. The assembly of variants with and without a flexible shaft is shown in the following videos.
Making an engraver from a 3D printer
An ordinary 3D printer is a good basis for creating an engraver with which you can cut various materials, do crafts and perform other operations. To upgrade an existing device, you will need an additional install fee, which will feed the operational circuits of the equipment and the laser module.
An engraving machine created from a 3D printer is demonstrated in the following video.
In addition to the considered simplest ways to create a homemade engraving machine from a 3D printer, a small electric motor, a small electric motor, a blender and a drill, there are also other options. At the same time, both this technique and other power tools are used as a basis. craftsmen constantly come up with new modifications, showing design imagination. Implementing in practice any of the above options or independent development, one should provide security created homemade. To do this, it is necessary to isolate the electrical contacts well and to reliably assemble the equipment.
Our ancestors were engaged in stone processing in ancient times. This culture has survived to this day, but it has become much easier and more convenient to work with this material, thanks to innovations and modern machines. The laser desktop stone engraver facilitates the work and allows you to make clear drawings on any type of stone.
The laser machine is convenient and fast way put any image on a stone, thanks to which you can make a pattern of any complexity, even those that you cannot create with your own hands. With the help of an engraving printer, you can open your own profitable business. But how much does such a machine cost, and which models are popular?
Stone engraving machine
Today, many companies produce good quality laser machines. Each of them has its pros and cons. The table describes the models the best manufacturers and prices.
These are the most popular models that allow you to start your stone engraving service business. But not everyone has the opportunity to immediately purchase such equipment, in which case you can start your own business with a machine made by yourself. A laser engraver made from a do-it-yourself printer is The best way start a business with minimal investment.
How to make an engraver from a printer?
Making an engraving machine from an old printer is not difficult at all. detailed instructions will help you figure everything out. But first you need to prepare all the necessary details:
- 3 studs from a hardware store;
- aluminum U-profile;
- 2 bearings;
- a piece of plexiglass;
- nuts of the usual size and long;
- 3 stepper motors, they can be borrowed from an old printer.
Also, besides this, you need to have such tools at hand: a hacksaw, a drill, a jigsaw, bolts, screws, screwdrivers and other tools. The only thing that will need to be done outside the house is to weld the base for the machine, although it can also be made on a bolted mount. Instructions on how to make laser printer at home with their own hands, is described in the table below.
| No. p / p | Machine manufacturing steps |
| 1. | The manufacture of the machine begins with the fastening of the lead screw and profile. The latter is used as a kind of sled. |
| The bearings are fixed with heat shrink, and soft plastic is perfect for the waist - a regular paper folder. To lead screw attach a plate in the shape of the letter "P" with a bolt, it is necessary for fixing the X-axis plane. | |
| The motor on the X axis is attached with pieces of studs. The axis is fixed with an adapter and a piece of rubber hose. On the one hand, it is wound onto the running axle, and the other end is fixed in the adapter. | |
| 4. | It is also very convenient and easy to mount the engine on the frame. |
| 5. | We make the platform from plexiglass, on which it is necessary to put a limiter made of a profile and a pressure roller. The site should be the size of the working field of the machine. |
| 6. | The Y-axis is assembled identically to the X-axis, the only difference is in the motor mount, it must be attached to the X-axis. |
| Correctly assembling the Y-axis is not difficult, because it almost repeats all the contours of the X-axis, but only the pressure rollers must be fixed in front. The engraving machine in this model, created by yourself, can be an ordinary household dremel. You can attach it with plexiglass. |
So the do-it-yourself laser desktop engraving machine is ready. Now it remains only to connect it, using limit switches. This is homemade device allows you to carry out stone carving at home, but does not make it possible to cut it.
What stones can be engraved on?
Not every stone can be processed engraving machine, dark colors are best for engraving natural materials, such as the:
- granite;
- marble;
- white marble.
The engraving on snow-white marble looks especially beautiful, since the machine is capable of producing a continuous white-stone inscription or pattern, as a result it turns out very beautifully. Laser engraving can be compared to glass matting. After all, with the help of such a machine it will not be possible to make a deep inscription, since the beam is able to melt the material, and in the end result the work is almost invisible. The best effect from the machine is obtained on surfaces, in shades of gray.
But once you can earn good machine, it is worth buying it if there is a prospect to work further in this area. Professional machines allow you to create an image quickly, accurately and accurately, this applies even the smallest details. With a laser engraver professional level achieve excellent resemblance to the photographic source. Professional machine, even desktop, is able to apply an inscription of any font and size, so it is convenient and practical.
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Starting a business with a homemade engraver is convenient and inexpensive, but in the future, in order to satisfy all the needs and desires of your customers, you still have to purchase modern model engraver, albeit inexpensive. Thus, your business will prosper and short time will pay off. By learning how to create masterpieces on stone with your own hands, you will make yourself a good name, and customers will come to you with orders.
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