In the spring, it is necessary to feed various crops, including fruit trees and shrubs. Each month involves certain events. It is important to choose the right fertilizer for different types of crops, use them in a specific way and in a specific dosage.
Why do you need spring feeding of fruit crops?
In the process of growing various crops, gardeners resort to all kinds of agricultural techniques. One of best practices is feeding plants. It provides decorative plantings and a good harvest.
Timely fertilization and correct selection formulations allows you to activate the growth of culture, provide good flowering and protection from diseases and pests. All this is necessary to obtain a high-quality and plentiful harvest.
Fruit trees and shrubs are perennial plantings... During their life, they need various micro and macro elements, as well as human body... People get the necessary substances from food, and plants from the soil. Over time, the land begins to deplete, therefore it is impossible to do without fertilizers.
Feeding stages by month
Each variety fruit trees and shrubs requires individual approach... This applies not only to the composition of the fertilizers used, but also to the stages of their application. There are some common points that are characteristic of each spring month.
March
This month, the very first feeding of the year is carried out. Fertilization is carried out at the beginning of the melting of the snow cover.
For this period, funds with nitrogen are needed. They stimulate the vegetation process. It is better to use soluble mineral formulations. They are poured directly on top of the snow, which, when melted, will dissolve the fertilizer and pull it into the soil. It is necessary to prepare for such a top dressing in the fall, having well loosened the peri-stem circles.
The amount of nitrogen mixture for feeding depends on the age of the plant. For shrubs and young plantings, 40 g of fertilizer is enough, an adult tree needs about 100-120 g of the product.
If the plantings are located on a slope, then it is better to apply fertilizing later, since when the snow melts, the fertilizer may shift. It is also worthwhile to wait if there is a lot of snow. In this case, the fertilizer will lie on the surface for a long time, therefore it may partially evaporate.
April
This month, the deciduous part of the plantings is actively formed, flowering begins. At this stage, plants need potassium and phosphorus. These elements strengthen cultures and ensure their normal growth.
Phosphorus is essential for the strengthening of roots, their growth and fixation in the soil. Potassium activates the appearance of lateral shoots.
Phosphorus can be used in its pure form, and potassium is preferable in the composition of combined mixtures.
If the end of flowering is in April, then the plants should be fed with organic matter. Such feeding is especially important for apple and pear trees.
May
When a plant is actively blooming, you can use both organic and mineral fertilizers... Minerals can be applied by foliar application.
This month is characterized by the formation of ovaries and the beginning of fruit growth. At this stage, fruit trees and shrubs need organic matter. As a fertilizer, it is better to resort to compost, rotted manure, vermicompost.
In May, fertilizers can be applied in various ways:
- digging with the ground;
- mixing with loose soil in the near-stem area;
- mixing with mulch (rotten leaves, straw are also used in this capacity);
- embedding in recesses in the ground;
- foliar method.
This feeding scheme is generalized. It can be changed in accordance with the region of residence and weather conditions in a particular year.
Options for feeding fruit trees and shrubs in spring
When choosing fertilizers, you must rely on the type of crop, season, soil characteristics. You can fertilize plants different ways, while it is important to correctly calculate the amount of the agent used.
Chicken droppings
- Apple tree;
- pear;
- plum;
- cherries;
- Cherry;
- quince;
- persimmon;
- peach;
- apricot.
Fertilizer should be applied in the spring to the tree trunks. Dry raw materials should be used for feeding, since ammonia is formed if the raw materials are not stored correctly.
Fresh concentrated droppings negatively affect the condition of the roots of fruit crops. Raw materials for feeding must be diluted.
To obtain correct solution for feeding, you need to dilute 1.5 kg of bird droppings in a 10-liter bucket of water. First, dry raw materials are poured into a third of the volume of liquid and left for a couple of days. Then the fermented composition is brought to the required volume with water.
Manure
For fruit crops, this fertilizer ranks second in popularity. Apples, pears, cherries, plums, apricots and other stone fruits are more fond of such feeding.
Fresh manure is not used. Regardless of the dilution ratio, it is converted to ammonia.
To feed fruit crops, manure must lie for at least 2 years.
Humus
Up to 30 kg of humus must be added under the apple trees. If the plant is more than 9 years old, then this amount should be increased by at least 1.5 times.
For feeding pears, humus is mixed with soil in spring. On average, one tree needs 20 kg of this fertilizer.
Under cherry or sweet cherry, humus is applied for the first 4-5 years. It is necessary to spread the fertilizer around the trunks about half a meter.
Green tea
This fertilizer is harvested independently and is organic. It can be used for any fruit crops.
To prepare the composition, it is necessary to place the green part of the grass in a suitable container and fill it with water. Cover the container with polyethylene, making several holes in it. After 3 weeks, the fertilizer will be ready. This top dressing is best done after flowering, diluting the resulting liquid in 10 parts of water.
Ash
This fertilizer attracts with its natural origin. It combines phosphorus and potassium, for which they have a special need. fruit crops v spring.
Ash can be used for different fruit trees. Cherries and plums are especially fond of her.
Top dressing must be applied to the trunks. For this, a groove is made 10-15 cm deep and ash is poured into it, immediately covering it with earth. Fertilizer can also be applied in liquid form. To prepare it, add a half-liter can of ash to a bucket of water.
Ash can be mixed with urea. A 10-liter bucket of water requires 3 tbsp. l. urea and half a glass of ash. From among shrubs, such a composition is effectively used for raspberries, blackberries, rowan berries, gooseberries and currants.
This fertilizer belongs to the mineral group and is mainly based on phosphorus. It can be used for any fruit trees and shrubs.
When planting crops, fertilizer is applied at 0.4 kg to each pit. As a top dressing, 40-70 grams are used, introducing the composition into the near-trunk circle. Fruit crops should be fed in this way after flowering.
Superphosphate can be combined with potassium and some nitrogen fertilizers. You should not combine such feeding with the introduction of urea, ammonium nitrate or chalk. Between the application of such fertilizers, it is necessary to withstand at least a week.
Potassium chloride
This fertilizer has a high potassium content. It perfectly compensates for the lack of nutrients and normalizes the development of crops. This top dressing can be used for various fruit trees, but it is especially effective for apple trees.
One fruit tree needs about 0.15 kg of potassium chloride. The optimal amount of fertilization must be oriented towards the characteristics of the soil. If it is black earth, then the concentration of the agent is reduced, and for light soil it must be increased.
Potassium chloride combines well with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, but it is also successfully used on its own.
Fertilizers must be applied correctly. Liquid formulations introduced only after watering the soil. Foliar feeding should be carried out on cloudy days or in the evening. After applying dry fertilizer, watering is required.
Urea
This fertilizer is nitrogen and belongs to the amide group. It can be used for a variety of fruit crops.
As a spraying, urea can be combined well with copper sulfate... For 10 liters of water, 0.7 kg of urea and 50 g of vitriol are needed. This treatment can be repeated during flowering, and then during the formation of ovaries.
Fruit plants are also fed during fruiting. In this case, they resort to root dressing. For apple trees, 0.25 kg of urea is dissolved in 10 liters of water; for cherries and plums, the amount of the product must be reduced to 0.15 kg. If organic matter was previously introduced, then the concentration of the composition is halved.
This fertilizer is advisable to use when the soil is ideally fertile. The product is complex and consists of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur and phosphorus.
Nitroammophoska can be used for any fruit trees, but only as an additional top dressing. For apple trees, it is advisable to use it after flowering, spending 30-40 liters of solution for each tree. To prepare it, you need 50 g of funds per bucket (10 l).
Nitroammofoska is also used for foliar feeding to enhance crop growth. In this case, the prepared solution is sprayed with a spray bottle.
Ammonium nitrate
This product is well suited for early feeding of fruit crops. It can also be used in the summer about 2 times a month.
Ammonium nitrate is best used as a solution. To do this, dilute 30 g of saltpeter in a bucket of water. During fruiting, it is recommended to increase this amount by 1.5 times. Such feeding has a good effect on the yield of plantings and taste qualities fruits.
Do not use the product simultaneously with peat, sawdust or straw. This combination is dangerous in that it can lead to fire.
When and how to properly fertilize fruit trees and shrubs in the garden is described in this video:
Fertilizing fruit crops is an important agrotechnical measure. Fertilization should be started in spring. In this case, it is important to take into account the compatibility of the compositions with each other, as well as with different kinds cultures. When buying ready-made products, you should carefully study the instructions.
For the growth and nutrition of our garden wards after wintering, the element nitrogen is necessary, which, if it was in the soil, then during the autumn, winter was washed out of it by rains into deeper layers, carried away with the melting snow. Therefore, in the spring there is a need to feed the trees in the garden, and how and how - let's break down the process on the "shelves".
Fertilization methods
Nitrogen supplements can be delivered to their intended destination in a variety of ways.
- Spraying - foliar spring feeding
- Root feeding; it is carried out by introducing fertilizing elements into the soil in a liquid or solid state.
Regarding the age of the tree, we need to know how and where to properly introduce food in order for it to reach its goal. If the seedling is small. then you need to fertilize the entire trunk circle.
In an adult tree, the suction roots are located approximately in the area of \ u200b \ u200bprojection of the crown onto the ground and beyond this boundary, there it is necessary to apply top dressing.
The liquid form of application is preferable. since in to a greater extent ensures that the food is absorbed quickly. it is poured over the previously watered ground. to avoid scalding with the fertilizer solution.
Dry minerals are buried in the ground. then watering is done. Just
it makes no sense to scatter granules over the surface - nitrogen will evaporate from them, not
reaching the goal.
Nitrogen overdose is more undesirable. than its disadvantage. Because of it, fruit can grow to the detriment of fruiting, poorly prepare for winter.
Top dressing of trees is not carried out every spring, it depends on the nature of the soil (they feed less often on clayey ones), autumn fertilization, how the tree felt in the previous season, the amount of last year's harvest, and how much it has lost during this time of nutrition.
When, how and what to feed
The first feeding of fruit is carried out in early-mid April, when the buds are only
begin to swell, and the snow has melted. There is no point in scattering pellets in the snow,
roots will not receive nitrogen. However, when using this method, there is a risk that during recurrent frosts, plants fed with nitrogen will tolerate them worse.
Many gardeners advise to carry out such an operation during the period of leafing or the beginning of flowering.
What fertilizers are best to use? It can be organic - compost,
manure. humus or mineral additives: urea, ammonium nitrate, sulfate
ammonium.
Along the perimeter of the crown, a furrow is made with a depth of half-bayonet of a shovel, the above compositions are introduced there. For mineral additives, see the packaging.
In the present time, the land under the fruit trees is often not dug up. a
planted lawn grasses or just mow. How to fertilize in such
case?
On my site, along the edge of the trunk circle, scraps of old
water pipes approximately 25 cm long (the more the better). They rise slightly above the soil level. Nutrient solutions are poured there.
The trunk circle of the old Antonovka is mulched with black spunbond, the pipes are dug under it along the line of the projection of the ends of the branches. Shade-loving hosts feel great there too.
If you make a solution, then 10 liters will require 1 spoon of urea, or 3 tablespoons.
complex fertilizer. or azofoski, nitrophoska. To have more potassium, it is good to add half a glass of ash, and if we take urea, then a whole glass.
The presence of potassium will make the fruit more sugar-rich. You can put a spoon instead of ash
potassium sulfate.
Organic substances are put at the rate of 20-30 kg of humus per mature tree.
By the way, if you add compost along the perimeter of the crown once every 2-3 years, other "treats"
not required.
It is very useful to sweat slurry: dilute and insist last year's cow or horse manure for two weeks in a barrel with a closed lid (ratio 1: 5), stirring occasionally. Dilute 1: 2 before use. The norm for an adult tree is 5 buckets.
It is good to feed with liquid fertilizers, for example, manure "compote".
To prepare it, I take a bucket of rotted manure, two buckets of weeded grass,
a half-liter jar of old jam, a glass wood ash... I put everything in a one-liter barrel, fill it with water, and close it with a lid. The composition wanders for about two weeks, so you need to take care of its preparation in advance. Then I take a liter of "compotik", dilute it in a bucket of water and fertilize. An adult tree needs 5 to 10 buckets. In addition to nitrogen, such a composition will provide potassium and trace elements.
Foliar processing serves two purposes:
- Feed as quickly as possible
- Protect from pests and diseases (in detail in the next article).
Through the leaves, food is absorbed much faster, so we feed the fruit, especially when in early spring the root system cannot provide nutrition for bud and leaf blooming, and when flowering occurs, the formation of ovaries.
It can be special fertilizer mixtures with microelements in their composition,
complex, for example, "Kemira-Lux", boric acid, potassium permanganate. Very fit
preparations "Uniflor-growth" and "Uniflor-bud", where trace elements are contained in
easily digestible form.
It must be remembered that for such treatment it is necessary to take lower concentrations of solutions (5-10 times) than with root, All work should be carried out in dry weather after sunset.
Spraying is not an alternative to root nutrition, but can greatly help fruit in hard time, support their immunity.
Spring feeding for shrubs is carried out similarly to the above methods for fruit trees, only the dosage changes.
Please watch a very useful video on conducting fertilization activities in the spring:
Gardening works throughout the warm season. To get a rich harvest of fruits and berries, it is worth taking care of plant health and fertilizing in advance. However, not every substance will be equally beneficial. They are introduced in different phases of crop development and participate in certain vegetation processes.
The purpose of feeding
Garden maintenance necessarily includes regular fertilization. Trees and shrubs have a permanent place on the site and feed on substances that are present in the soil. As they grow, as well as for the formation of fruits, they consume significant reserves of trace elements, therefore it is important to replenish them in time with special mixtures.
Trees that receive the necessary doses of fertilizing each year will differ from those that are not cared for in several factors:
- high resistance to temperature extremes and weather conditions;
- the quantity and quality of the crop;
- fast growth;
- the duration of the fruiting period.
Important! To understand what type of fertilizer is suitable for plants, it is worth analyzing the composition of the soil in the garden and monitoring the condition of the trees. Deficiency of any of the elements is manifested by characteristic symptoms.
Time of work
Fertilizers are applied to the soil throughout the warm season. The rates and method of their application depend on the needs of plants for certain microelements in different periods... There are two main dressings - autumn and spring, at this time a significant part of the nutrients is added. Also, trees should be fed during flowering and fruiting, since the spring reserves of trace elements in the soil are gradually depleted.
In the spring
Garden maintenance work begins after warming. The first top dressing occurs in early spring - it is important to replenish nitrogen reserves in the soil and add additional trace elements for tree growth. In total, three dressings are recommended for the spring period:
- in early spring, after the activation of vegetation processes - about half of the annual norm of nitrogen is introduced to stimulate the growth of young shoots, you can also add no more than 15% of the total amount of potassium and phosphorus;
- a week before the formation of flowers, during the budding period - additional feeding with the addition of 10-15% of all basic microelements, allows you to increase the number of healthy full-fledged ovaries;
- if necessary, carry out one more top dressing a week after the end of flowering in the same dosage.
Summer
In summer, nutrients are added in small amounts. The main summer feeding is carried out at the end of June, when the growth of shoots is slowing down. After harvest, to stimulate bud formation on next year it is useful to apply 15% of the annual rate of all basic fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and potash).
In autumn
In autumn, it is recommended to add at least 50% of potash and phosphorus fertilizers for digging. They are stored in the soil and can be used by plants for the next year. Nitrogen fertilizers during this period can harm fruit trees. If, under their influence, they begin to grow intensively and form young shoots, they may die with the first frost.
What fertilizers do you need to apply?
Plants get nutrients from the soil through the root system or through the surface of the leaves when spraying. They can be added as natural or commercially available organic blends - complex chemical compounds that improve the properties of the soil. These substances can also be in the form of separate mineral elements that are convenient for assimilation through the rhizome.
Organic
These are domestic animal manure and poultry droppings, compost, humus and herbal decoctions. Such mixtures contain minerals in a bound form, which ensures their prolonged action. When decomposed in the soil, trace elements are released and can be absorbed by the rhizome. Organic dressings are in the best way increase the nutritional value of insufficiently fertile soil.
Mineral
Mineral dressings contain individual trace elements in a ready-to-use form. It can be monofertilizers based on only one active substance or complex mixtures. To use them, it is important to understand what substances are needed for plants at different stages of development:
- for the growth of rhizomes and shoots in warm weather - nitrogen compounds;
- for abundant flowering and fruiting - preparations of potassium and phosphorus;
- additional microelements (boron, zinc, molybdenum, calcium and others) - if they are deficient in the soil.
The main elements for plant nutrition are nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Additional minerals are present in the composition of complex fertilizers in smaller quantities, and in some they are absent. However, their role for the integrated development of trees and shrubs is no less important.
Popular fertilizers
For feeding trees and shrubs in the garden, it is easier to purchase a ready-made mixture. They are available in the form of liquid solutions, solid powders or granules. The main method of fertilizing is watering; additionally, it is useful to spray the leaves to quickly absorb the elements.
Joy
This is a granular fertilizer based on a large number nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium is found here in a lower concentration. The granules are applied directly to the soil without preliminary dilution with water. Their application rate varies from 30 g for shrubs to 80 g for mature fruit trees. The top dressing is suitable for use throughout the warm season, from March to October.
Gumi-Omi
Organomineral feeding based on basic trace elements (nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus), additional minerals and organics. Available in the form of granules. The organic part is represented by fermented chicken manure - a valuable source of potassium for supporting carbohydrate metabolism in trees. The drug is applied in dry form or aqueous solutions for irrigation are prepared on its basis.
Health
Top dressing Zdraven "for fruit trees and shrubs" is a complex mineral mixture. It is a dry fertilizer that is suitable for both simple application to the soil and for the preparation of aqueous solutions. They can be used for watering or spraying leaves. In total, fertilizer is applied three times during the season: during the period of active growth of trees, and then after flowering and during the formation of fruits.
Important! Fertilizer Zdreven begins to act only after being dissolved with water. When applied to the soil in its pure form, it is useful to water the plants on the eve of the procedure. This activity will also help protect the roots from chemical burns.
Hera
"Orchard" is one of the most popular mineral dressings for trees and shrubs. It contains basic and additional microelements in optimal concentration, is well absorbed by plants, increases their resistance and productivity. Fertilizers of this brand are present on the shelves of almost all flower shops and are notable for their low cost.
Ava
They differ from analogues in their maximally prolonged action. It is enough to add this drug to the soil in the form of granules during planting, and then repeat the procedure every 2-3 years. Modern shape release allows nutrients to be released gradually as needed. The granules remain in the soil, they are not washed off by rain and water during irrigation.
How to deposit correctly?
Depending on the form of release, all fertilizers can be divided into two categories: liquid and dry mixtures. The latter can be presented as powders or granules, which are dissolved in water or used in dry form. There are several methods of applying top dressing:
- watering - liquid or dry fertilizers are dissolved in water and introduced into the soil along the near-trunk circle;
- spraying - solutions are poured into a spray bottle and distributed over the surface of the leaves, while the concentration of active substances should be lower;
- water-soluble granules and powders can be used to prepare water mixtures for irrigation or spraying;
- dry fertilizers of prolonged action can be mixed with the soil in a pure form - they are scattered over the surface of the soil and dug to a depth of 10-15 cm.
Purchased drugs should be used in the dosages indicated in the instructions. When preparing solutions on your own, it is necessary to take into account the annual need of plants for mineral elements and add them in small amounts.
Features of feeding
Despite the fact that for feeding garden plants the same mixtures are used, there are several features of their use for trees and shrubs. They depend on life cycle plants, their needs for nutrients and the timing of fruiting.
Fruit trees
Fruit trees respond well to the addition of organic fertilizers. They can be used in pure form or as part of aqueous solutions for irrigation. On the farm, there is always the opportunity to prepare homemade compost from waste or add additional amounts of cow or horse manure.
The main fertilizing for plants is carried out after mechanical cleaning garden. Twice a year, when the vegetation processes in trees are slowed down, it is useful to clean them of old dried branches and bark, form a crown, and remove last year's grass. In this case, nutrients will be absorbed faster, and yield indicators will noticeably increase.
Berry bushes
Garden shrubs begin to wake up after winter earlier than trees. The first fertilization should be in early spring, immediately after warming. In addition, these plants have a poorer root system. It is useful for them to periodically apply top dressing by spraying so that the nutrients are absorbed through the surface of the leaves.
Important! In the instructions for many drugs, dosages are indicated separately for plants and shrubs. The latter require less concentrated solutions because of the thinner bark (when spraying) and a more sensitive root system (when watering).
Fertilizers when planting seedlings
It is recommended to prepare the seedling pit in advance. If planting is planned in the spring, it is better to form a place for trees in the fall. To do this, you need to dig a shallow hole (from 30 cm deep for shrubs to 70 cm for trees) and add nutrients to it. If you plant a tree directly into the ground, when the soil shrinks, it will gradually sink into the ground. The result of this process is stagnation of moisture and uneven development of the plant.
The pit cannot be left empty for the winter, otherwise water will accumulate in it. To refuel it, it is recommended to add a complex nutritional mixture:
- 1-2 buckets of rotted manure;
- the same amount of humus or peat;
- 1-2 glasses of wood ash per 1 m of soil;
- the soil that was in the pit.
Many gardeners do not recommend applying mineral fertilizers directly when planting seedlings. At this point, the nutrients will already be present in the soil - they were added during the preparation of the pit. Root system young trees are still very sensitive, so mineral mixtures can leave burns on it. If necessary, fertilizers are added at some distance from the trunk of the seedlings.
Conclusion
The only way to get a rich harvest every year from fruit trees and berry bushes is to regularly make all the necessary fertilizing. If the plants receive nutrients in the right amount, they will grow large and healthy, resistant to weather and pests.
When caring for a young garden good development and fruiting of fruit trees cannot be achieved without the systematic application of fertilizers, especially in areas of the non-chernozem belt.
For the successful growth of trees in young garden, accelerating their entry into the season of fruiting and creating conditions for obtaining high and regular yields in the future great importance It has fertilizer application... The best results are shown by the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers.
The use of organic fertilizers in the care of a young garden
Wide application in the care young garden must get first organic fertilizers(manure, compost, peat, peat faeces and others), which not only give necessary for trees nutrients, but also improve the structure of the soil, destroyed by digging and frequent loosening.
Manure is introduced in the fall, for digging the soil, after scattering it evenly on the surface of the trunk circle in the amount of 4-6 kilograms per 1 square meter... This will amount to 15-20 kilograms for one two-three-year-old tree, 30-40 kilograms for a five-six-year-old tree, and 50-70 kilograms for a seven-ten-year tree.
Good action also has compost on fruit trees. Compost is prepared from household waste in specially arranged heaps. Compost heaps are essential for every farm. Wood leaves, fallen needles, tops can be used for composting vegetable crops, weeds, rotten straw and chaff, soot, house waste, kitchen waste, road dust, etc.
The compost heap is made 1.5-2 meters wide (at the base), 1-1.5 meters high and of arbitrary length (depending on the amount of material). They lay it on a special cleared and rammed area. Tops, house waste and other household waste and weeds when laying in compost heap interlayered with soil. The soil layer should be 5-6 centimeters thick. Compost, so that it is always moderately moist, is watered from time to time with water or, even better, with slops or slurry. It is useful to add lime, crushed limestone and ash to the compost.
Once or twice a summer (after two to three months), the compost heap is thoroughly shoveled and laid again. Shoveling accelerates the decomposition of the waste. When the compost turns into a homogeneous mass, it can be used for fertilization. The rates, timing and depth of composting are the same as for manure.
Night gold (faeces) is also a valuable fertilizer when caring for a young garden. It is better to mix it with peat, to prepare the so-called peat faeces. For this purpose, they take fine, well-decomposed peat, put it in a layer of 20 centimeters and wate it abundantly with liquid feces. After irrigation, a second layer of the same thickness is placed on the first layer of peat and is also watered, and this is done until the heap reaches a height of 1.5 meters. After that, it is covered with peat and left to decompose.
Peat faeces can be cooked directly in cesspools- restrooms. To do this, peat is poured into the pit every two to three days and mixed with a pole with the contents of the pit. Peat faeces is a very strong fertilizer: its application rate is two to three times lower than the manure rate.
In areas without peat, compost, manure, and even ordinary soil are used to prepare fecal fertilizers.
When caring for a young garden, bird droppings should also be used. It is brought in at 100-150 grams per 1 square meter of the area of the trunk circle. But it is better to give this fertilizer in the form of a liquid top dressing in the first half of summer.
Good fertilizer - furnace ash, containing potassium, phosphorus and lime. Ash is brought in about 100-150 grams per 1 square meter (a glass of furnace ash weighs about 125 grams). The use of ash gives especially good results on sod-podzolic soils of the non-chernozem belt, lowering their acidity. In this case, the ash application rates are increased by at least two to three times.
As fertilizer, you can use pond, lake and river or decomposed waste from landfills.
The use of mineral fertilizers when care of a young garden
If there are mineral fertilizers, then they should be used as well.
They are divided into nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, montane nitrate), phosphoric (superphosphate, tomoslak, phosphate rock) and potassium (30- and 40-percent potassium salt and potassium chloride). In most areas, nitrogen fertilizers have a good effect on tree growth. Better everywhere is a complete mineral fertilizer, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers.
Mineral fertilizers make at the rate of approximately 8-10 grams of the active substance of each type of fertilizer per 1 square meter. For example, ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulfate) contains 20 percent nitrogen. Therefore, 40-50 grams of ammonium sulfate should be added per 1 square meter.
One glass will hold from 150 grams (superphosphate, ammonium sulfate) to 250 grams (potassium salt) mineral fertilizers.
The amount of mineral fertilizers that must be applied under one tree, depending on its age and the size of the trunk circle, is given in the table.
Montane nitrate is added by 20 percent, and ammonium nitrate is 40 percent less than ammonium sulfate. Double superphosphate make two times less than usual.
Phosphorus and potash fertilizers, partly nitrogen fertilizers, are applied in the fall, under deep digging. These fertilizers are best applied in granular form. Phosphate and potash fertilizers can also be applied in liquid form by foci into wells made with scrap, 30-40 centimeters deep; wells are made about two pieces per 1 square meter.
It is better to apply the bulk of nitrogen fertilizers (about two-thirds) in the spring, at the first spring loosening.
The approximate amount of mineral fertilizers applied under one tree (in grams):
| Diameter (width) near-trunk foot circle (in meters) |
Square near-trunk foot circle (in sq. meters) |
Ammonia sulphate | Superphosphate | Potassium salt 40% | ||||||
| when fertilizing | when fertilizing | when fertilizing | ||||||||
| weak | average | | strong | weak | average | strong | weak | average | | strong | ||
| 2 3 4 5 |
3 7 12 20 |
100 200 400 600 | 150 300 600 900 |
200 400 800 1200 |
150 300 550 850 | 225 450 800 1300 |
300 600 1 100 1700 |
50 100 200 300 |
75 150 300 450 |
100 200 400 600 |
- With the combined use of mineral and organic fertilizers, the application rates are halved against those indicated.
- When mixing fertilizers, you must adhere to established rules... It is best to mix them just before applying to the soil.
Top dressing of fruit trees when care of a young garden
Great value for at In the course of the young garden, there is fertilizing for fruit trees, which is widely used by the foremost horticulturists.
For feeding, first of all, you need to use local organic fertilizers.: slurry, urine, fermented solutions of bird and cow droppings, etc. Slurry and animal urine for liquid feeding is diluted with 5 parts of water, and feces and bird droppings - 10-12 parts.
You can also feed fruit trees only with nitrogen or full mineral fertilizers.
When feeding, mineral fertilizers can be applied in liquid and dry form... In dry soil, the trunks are preliminarily watered with water before feeding. With fractional application, the specified average rate is divided into parts according to the number of dressings: each time, the corresponding part is applied (half or one third of the rate). The first feeding is given in the spring, during bud break, the second - two or three weeks after the first, during the increased growth of shoots (in the central regions - in June), and the third - two to three weeks after the second.
Considering that nitrogen fertilizers in case of untimely introduction, they cause a delay in growth, feeding with them should be carried out only during the spring and the first half of summer or late autumn.
It is necessary to fertilize the garden annually on poor soils and once every two to three years on the rest. In the first year after planting, they are limited to mulching. near-trunk circles manure, humus, compost, etc.
In addition, podzolic soils should be limed. Lime or ground limestone is applied once every five to seven years, on average, 1.5 kilograms per 1 square meter. The best time applying lime is autumn.
Video: How and what to properly fertilize fruit trees
In this video, an expert will tell you how to fertilize fruit trees correctly and with what.
Video: Apple Garden Technology
When caring for a young garden, it is necessary to ensure the survival of all planted fruit trees, to create conditions for good growth seedlings and building the correct crown of the tree, as well as ensure the early entry of trees into the season of fruiting.
And shrubs is the most important agrotechnical measure, on which the further growth of crops, their decorative properties and fruiting. Fertilizers applied in spring saturate the soil with nutrients necessary for plants, which contribute to abundant flowering, the formation of an ovary, and an increase in yield. Fruit crops have been growing in the same soil for many years, from which they continuously consume nutrients. Fertilizers applied in autumn are not able to fully cover the plants' need for useful elements. Therefore, by spring, when the intensive growth of trees resumes, the soil is especially in need of mineral and organic fertilizing. The lack of nutrients during the growing season can seriously weaken the plants, which will certainly affect the fruiting and quality of the fruits.
With the onset of warmth, growth and vegetation are activated in plants, and these processes are best carried out with the participation of nitrogen. Therefore, nitrogen-containing agents are among the first to be used. Potassium and phosphorus are second in importance. They are introduced later, at the stage of intensive growth and flowering.
Important for the development of fruit trees in the spring are substances such as hydrogen, carbon, magnesium, calcium, iron, sulfur. If trees consume hydrogen and carbon from the soil, then chemical elements must be delivered to them through the introduction of complex mineral mixtures. Ready-made industrial mixtures are more effective, as they also contain many trace elements: copper, manganese, cobalt, boron in a form available to plants. From organic materials, manure of various origins (bird, cow, pork), peat, compost can be used as fertilizer in spring. Green manure crops introduced in autumn give a good effect. By the spring, they completely rot and form an effective natural fertilizer. It is recommended to grow green manure on sandy and sandy loam soils, where the lack of humus is especially felt.
The first feeding with nitrogen is necessary for all fruit and berry crops without exception. For each type, you can choose the most the best option fertilizers, but for this you need to know which plants to feed with:
- apples and pears are good, with humus, droppings, after flowering, it is necessary to add superphosphate, potassium agent (potassium sulfate);
- for cherries, plums, the first top dressing in spring can consist of urea, or ammonium nitrate, during flowering - from bird droppings, at the end of flowering - from manure, compost, dry organic mixtures;
- berry bushes in the spring they fertilize with potash nitrate, nitrophos, you can also apply ash with urea under the root (3 tablespoons of urea, 0.5 cups of ash / 10 l of water), or rotted manure with the addition of nitrate (1 bucket of manure / handful of nitrate).
Video "Expert opinion on feeding"
Video review of the most popular top dressing for fruit trees, as well as useful tips for fertilizer.
What to do in March
The first feeding of fruit crops is carried out in early spring, when the snow cover has just begun to melt. During this period, nitrogen-containing agents are used - industrial mineral mixtures that stimulate the vegetative process. It is recommended to sprinkle soluble mineral fertilizers on top of the snow in the near-stem circles, which should have been well loosened in the fall. Such surface fertilization of the soil is good because melt water, penetrating into the ground, will dissolve and pull nitrogen along with it. Nitrogen agents are evenly distributed around the trunks in a radius of about 50 cm - ideally, the radius of application of top dressing is outlined by the width of the crown. It is in this zone that the largest number of root endings are located, actively absorbing useful elements. An adult tree needs 2-4 handfuls of nitrogen mixture (100-120 g), a young one needs about 40 g.
When feeding, you should pay attention to the location of the planting. If the site is located on a slope, it is better to postpone the application of top dressing, since the product can be washed off melt water, which usually do not linger on the slopes. It is also undesirable to introduce the mixture into frozen ground with big amount snow - in this case, the fertilizer will lie on the soil surface for a long time, due to which the nitrogen may partially evaporate.
When introducing nitrogen-containing preparations in the spring, the dosage should be observed - the principle "the more, the better" is not suitable here. Excess nitrogen in the soil can provoke fungal diseases as well as weaken the immunity of plants. Experienced gardeners it is not recommended to feed trees with complex mixtures marked "spring". In such products, as a rule, the concentration of nitrogen is very high, in addition, they contain potassium and phosphorus, which should be introduced a little later.
For seedlings and young fruit trees, organic feeding with urea, liquid manure and droppings is more suitable. These fertilizers are diluted with water and applied directly to the soil under a tree or bush. When preparing an organic solution, it is recommended to adhere to the following ratio: 300 g of urea / 10 l of water, 1.5 l of liquid manure / 10 l of water, 4 l of liquid manure / 10 l of water. The approximate consumption of the solution per tree is 4-5 liters.
What to feed in April
April is the period of flowering and active formation of the deciduous part, so it's time to feed garden trees potassium and phosphorus. Both elements are essential for the strengthening and normal growth of trees. Phosphorus strengthens the roots, promotes their growth and consolidation in the soil. Potassium contributes to the formation of side shoots, so it is especially important for young trees and seedlings.
It is desirable to use these components separately, therefore complex complex mixtures containing both components are not suitable in this case. It is better to apply phosphorus fertilizer (superphosphate) in the first half of April, burying it in the soil of the root zone in close proximity to the roots. Each adult tree requires 60 g of the product, half a portion is enough for a young tree.
It is not advisable to add potassium in its pure form - it is better if it is included in the composition of simple mixtures: potassium sulfate, potassium magnesium, potassium salt, furnace ash. Potash fertilizer applied in a dosage of 20-25 g / 1 tree.
At the end of flowering, garden trees can be pampered with organics. In April, you should definitely pay attention to feeding pears and apple trees. Many people prefer to use the so-called green fertilizer for this purpose, which must be prepared in advance, since it takes 3 weeks to ripen. Place the cut grass in a barrel, fill it with water, cover the barrel with polyethylene, make small holes in it, and insist. Ready remedy diluted with water 1:10 and introduced into the root zone.
Fertilizers in May
In the last month of spring, the formation of an ovary occurs and the growth of fruits begins, therefore, fruit crops must be additionally fed organic materials: rotted manure, compost, biohumus. In the absence of organic fertilization, you can purchase a complex mixture with a slight predominance of nitrogen, which is most suitable for this type of soil. In May, fertilization can be applied in different ways:
- embed in depressions in the soil;
- dig up with the ground;
- mix with loose earth in the near-stem zone;
- mix with mulch, as well as straw, rotten leaves.
To fertilize apples and pears, you can use mineral and organic products at the same time. In mid-May, during the period of active flowering, it is necessary to feed the berry bushes - add liquid manure or urea with a small addition of saltpeter and ash under the root. May feeding with mineral mixtures can also be carried out by the foliar method. In this case, the solution for processing the crown should be slightly weaker than indicated in the instructions. It should be understood that the green part absorbs nutrients well and the trees are saturated faster, but still, root feeding preferable, since trace elements with this method of application are retained in the soil longer.
What you need to know
When growing fruit and berry crops, you need to know what subtleties and features should be taken into account in the feeding process:
- the root system of any plant assimilates liquid subcrust better;
- young trees are not fertilized in the first year of life - seedlings should be fertilized only after complete rooting, which is achieved, as a rule, in the second year after planting;
- it is advisable to apply any product in the evening, in cloudy weather;
- dry fertilizers are best applied to wet soil, when applying dry compost, manure, the soil must be watered well - the exception is nitrogen mixtures scattered over the snow in spring;
- liquid solutions are applied only to wet soil - applying top dressing to dry soil can lead to root burns;
- in the first years of a tree's life, the effect of fertilization is less noticeable than during the period of maturation and active fruiting;
- the root system of an adult fruit tree significantly goes beyond the boundaries of the crown projection (on average by 0.5 meters);
- into fertile soil organic fertilizer can be applied not annually, but once every 2-3 years, poor soils need annual and repeated feeding;
- lime fertilizer can be applied to the soil no more often than once every 5-6 years.
Every gardener knows getting high harvest impossible without special dressing in the spring. Fertilizer, correctly and timely applied during the growing season, plays an essential role in further development plants - increases its chances of a healthy existence and successful fruiting.
Video "Caring for fruit trees and shrubs"
Informational video about tree care, fertilization to improve fertility and pest control.