The transition to winter time in 2019 in some European countries traditionally took place on the last Sunday of October - on the night of October 27. Will the clock be translated in 2019 in Russia - we will tell further.
Most European countries have not yet decided on a time zone. If we abstract from the idea of unity within the pan-European integration, then for each state separately this issue is of a strategic nature and affects national interests. For example, in Germany, the government has not yet decided which time to choose - summer or winter. And what about Russia?
Will Russia change the clock
Despite the fact that State Duma deputies often propose to return the time transfer, this will never happen in Russia. The thing is that the country has been living in winter time for five years now. If the president of the country decides to transfer the arrows, the first transfer will take place only in the spring.
The idea of transferring the arrows was put forward by Dmitry Medvedev when he was still in the presidency of the country. This year, Prime Minister Medvedev has already proposed introducing a four-day working week, with which no one agrees yet.
Refusal to transfer hours refers to the same series. In European countries, this will only happen in 2021. By this time, each state must decide whether it will switch from summer to winter and vice versa. It depends on the decision made when the last time change occurs. In 2019, the clock is not transferred to daylight saving time in Russia, according to the law, since 2014, the clock hands do not need to be transferred anymore.
How to survive the clock transfer?
Moving the clock often affects the state of health. During this period, the number of heart attacks, depression and even suicide increases.
Here's what you need to know about potential hazards:
1. According to a number of studies, in the first days after switching the hands to winter time, the number of heart attacks and suicides increases sharply.
The first is associated with a change in the duration of sleep. You can avoid the danger by trying to smoothly adjust your daily routine to the transition to winter time.
2. Due to the exacerbation of the autumn depression during this period, the number of suicides increases. Reduced daylight hours and lack of sunlight upon awakening are key factors in this exacerbation.
If you are prone to depression, try to minimize the number of stressful situations in your life during this period, because any of them can play the role of a "trigger".
3. According to statistics, on the first day after turning the hands one hour back, the number of road accidents increases.
If you feel stressed and generally prone to sleep deprivation, try not to drive.
In general, in the first days after the transition to winter time, it is better to try to avoid stressful situations and responsible affairs.
4. Sleep is the best way to protect yourself from the negative consequences of setting the clock hands to winter time.
A few days before the upcoming shift of hours, it is better to start going to bed later. At least 15 minutes, or better for half an hour.
What other countries are switching to winter / summer time?
In the list - 63 countries and 10 territories:
- Australia
- Austria
- Åland Islands
- Albania
- Andorra
- Bahamas
- Belgium
- Bermuda
- Bulgaria
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Vatican
- United Kingdom
- Hungary
- Haiti
- Germany
- Gensi
- Gibraltar
- State of Palestine
- Greenland
- Greece
- Denmark
- Jersey
- Israel
- Jordan
- Ireland
- Spain
- Italy
- Canada
- Republic of Kosovo
- Latvia
- Lebanon
- Lithuania
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg
- North Macedonia
- Malta
- Mexico
- Moldavia
- Monaco
- Netherlands
- New Zealand
- Norway
- Isle Of Man
- Paraguay
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Samoa
- San marino
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon
- Serbia
- Syria
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Turks and Caicos
- Tonga
- Ukraine
- Faroe Islands
- Fiji
- Finland
- France
- Croatia
- Montenegro
- Czech
- Switzerland
- Sweden
- Estonia.
The transition to winter time on the territory of the Russian Federation is carried out on the last Sunday of October and at 3:00 Moscow time by moving the clock hand one hour back.
The first to switch to winter time will be the country's main clock - the Chimes on the Kremlin's Spasskaya Tower, which show absolutely exact Moscow time - they are connected by an underground cable with the control clock of the Institute of Astronomy. Usually they are manually set to "winter" or "summer" time. Several masters are involved in translating the chimes. First, the old clock control mechanism and the fighting machine are turned off, and only then, with the help of a special key, the steel hands on the six-meter dial are turned back an hour.
For the first time, moving the clock hands forward one hour in summer and one hour back in winter in order to save energy resources was carried out in Great Britain in 1908. The very idea of saving energy resources by moving the arrows belongs to the American statesman, one of the authors of the US Declaration of Independence, Benjamin Franklin. In the United States of America itself, the transition to daylight saving time has been applied since 1918.
Currently, the daylight saving time mode is used in more than 110 countries at all latitudes from Canada to Australia, and in all European countries.
In Russia, for the first time, this transition was made on July 1, 1917, when, in accordance with a decree of the Provisional Government, the hands of all clocks in Russia were moved forward one hour, and they were moved back by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars, which was adopted on June 16, 1930. Then the hands of the clock were moved one hour ahead of the standard time and after that the hands were not moved back, and the country began to live and work all year round, one hour ahead of the natural daily cycle. The established time has acquired the name of maternity, since it was introduced by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. Thus, the USSR lived on "maternity" time for more than 50 years. Only since 1981 has the country returned to seasonal time.
Daylight saving time in the USSR resumed on April 1, 1981, but with respect to maternity time. That is, from that time in the summer we began to live already two hours ahead of the natural cycle.
This means that for all of Russia even now the “correct” time is shown by the hands of the clock in winter.
In its current form, the system for switching to different times, in which the transition to "summer" time is carried out at the beginning of April, and to "winter" - at the end of October, has been in effect since 1997 (until 1996, Russia returned to winter time at the end of September, and not on the last Sunday in October, as in all of Europe).
The current time system in Russia is used only in nine of all countries of the world. Some countries have abandoned the transition to summer and winter time, including a number of former Soviet republics. The seasonal translation of the hour hand has been canceled in a number of states, including Japan, China, Singapore, Estonia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan.
It is believed that the transition to daylight saving time saves energy, as well as carves out an extra hour for rest during daylight hours. In Russia, the translation of arrows is treated differently.
Supporters of the transition to "summer" and then to "winter" time are sure that there is an economic justification for this, their main argument: saving electricity and energy carriers.
According to official data provided by RAO "UES of Russia", the switch in the country will save 4.4 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity. This is about 0.5 percent of the total electricity consumed in Russia, and in per capita terms - 26 kilowatt-hours per year.
But there are also opponents; Thus, many scientists believe that the current system of time reckoning leads to a violation of the vital and genetically mediated rhythm "wakefulness - sleep". The use of the "summer-winter" time regime leads to the forcible awakening of Russians within six months an hour earlier and to an unnatural rhythm of work during all the autumn-winter months. This, according to experts, leads not only to an increase in the incidence of the body, but also to the threat of an increase in the number of road accidents and even an increase in suicide attempts; the number of those wishing to commit suicide is growing across the country by 50-60%.
Doctors have data that within the first five days after the switch of the arrows, the number of ambulance calls to heart patients increases by 11%.
It is known that the entire population is divided approximately into two equal parts: those who go to bed early and get up early - larks, and those who like to sleep in the morning, and go to bed later - owls. A shift in time by an hour sharply worsens the condition of owls, that is, at least half of the population. The translation of arrows is noticeably reflected on children and schoolchildren. People with chronic cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases are affected.
Doctors even identified a new disease called desynchronosis (disruption of normal life activity), which provokes depression, hypertensive crises, and heart attacks.
According to some researchers, saving energy hardly justifies the deterioration in well-being, performance and health - categories that can also be represented by economic calculations.
In 2002, a draft law "On the transition of the Russian Federation to standard time" was put forward for consideration in the State Duma of the Russian Federation, which was supposed to cancel the effect on the territory of Russia of the so-called "maternity" time, which is 1 hour ahead of the world "standard" time. The authors of the bill - deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation from the Tomsk region - substantiated their proposal, referring to the natural rhythms of a person. With the introduction of "daylight saving" time, all people are involved in the desynchronization process: sick and healthy, children and old people, pregnant women and athletes. And if by some it is tolerated relatively easily, almost imperceptibly, then for others this moment becomes critical. On March 19, 2003, the draft law "On the transition of the Russian Federation to standard time" was rejected by a majority of votes.
How transport workers are preparing for the transition to winter time.
For transport workers, the transition to winter time is less painful than summer time. If in the spring, when moving the clock hands forward, long-distance trains begin to be late by an hour, then during the transition to winter time, the schedule is practically not violated. Transport workers form a special schedule for the passage of trains at the time the clock turns.
The system of transferring clocks on the railway has been worked out over the years. A few days before the indicated date, telegrams are sent to all railway departments notifying of the procedure for changing the hours and the train schedule on the night from Saturday to the last Sunday of October.
On this night, trains at 3 am will stand for an hour, and then they will resume movement at a new time. After 3 o'clock the trains will leave the points of departure according to the new time, and until that moment - still according to the old time and also wait out the required hour. When selling train tickets, cashiers warn passengers in advance about the transition to the "winter" time. At railway stations, passengers are warned about the upcoming shift of hours by speakerphone. At bus stations, clocks are changed late in the evening, after the last flights have departed.
As a rule, the transition to "winter" time is calm. After all, even if a passenger forgets to change the clock, he will have to wait one hour before the departure of his train, plane, or bus. Cases of delays in transport due to the change of hours occur more in the summer. Passengers who are late due to clock changes have to be accommodated on another flight, issuing a ticket refund.
The spring sun and the lengthened day seem to remind that summer is coming, which means that the transition to summer time is approaching.
Switching clocks to summer and winter time for most European countries is a common annual affair, but not for Russia. Despite the fact that the president issued a decree that the transition to daylight saving time was canceled, the controversy still continues.
The deputies have already announced whether there will be daylight saving time in Russia in 2019.
The clock will be moved one hour ahead on the night of the last Sunday of this month - from March 30 to March 31 at 03:00.
The clock will be set forward one hour, so on the night of March 31st we will sleep a whole hour less.
Of course, such changes in the daily routine provoke additional stress for the body, which means that you need to prepare for this radical change in the rhythm of life in advance ...
Daylight saving time in 2019 in Russia should not be expected
From time immemorial, both summer and winter time existed in Russia.
However, later the government began to abuse the interim regime. As a result, a crisis began to develop in the country, and citizens remained dissatisfied.
After numerous complaints from the Russian people, the government decided to cancel daylight saving time in Russia, leaving only winter time.
Despite the fact that such a law has been in effect for a long time, people still do not stop talking about a possible transition to daylight saving time.
The reason for such debates in the country was the same deterioration of the economic situation in Russia. In order to save the state budget, the government canceled daylight saving time.
It is believed that, without moving the hands of the clock, approximately 4 billion rubles are saved, since daylight is used to its fullest potential.
Those citizens who are in favor of the government returning to daylight saving time in Russia, argue that such a move, on the contrary, would be very beneficial. The same country's economy is cited as an example. Also, adherents argue that for residents of the east of the country, living in winter time is inconvenient and unprofitable.
According to the government's official statement, there is no point in expecting daylight saving time in 2019.
Most politicians refer to the words of Dmitry Medvedev, who was the legitimate president of Russia in 2011.
Medvedev noted that he supports the words of the country's leading physicians, since the transfer of time has a negative effect on human health.
Medvedev also noted that the country's economy was deteriorating due to the shifting of the clock hands. In order to translate watches, it was necessary to invest significant financial resources, which negatively affected the economic situation. It was necessary to rebuild all the meters, which differentiated between day and night rates. The State Duma of the Russian Federation also announced this earlier.
The European Union may have changed the clock to winter time for the last time
In March 2019, all EU member states will once again switch to daylight saving time, and next October, the clock in European countries may be canceled.
The countries of the European Union on Sunday night, October 28, 2018, may have moved the clock hands back one hour for the last time. Most likely, summer time will be in effect in European countries in the future.
At the end of August, the head of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, announced the decision to abandon the annual transition to winter and summer time.
The European Parliament has come up with an initiative to cancel the shift of clocks. In February 2018, he asked the European Commission for a "reasonable assessment" of the daylight saving time directive.
When adopting the document, the parliamentarians pointed to recent studies that refute the assumptions about significant energy savings as a result of moving the clock hands twice a year.
In addition, changes in the daily rhythm pose a significant risk to human and animal health, said Czech MP Pavel Svoboda. He also pointed to data showing an increase of 30 percent in the number of accidents in the first week after moving the clock.
The 1981 directive of the European Communities, as well as the EU directive of 2001, did not have the expected effect, he stressed.
Following the decision of the European Parliament, the European Commission launched a website in early July where residents of the EU countries could express their views on the transition to winter and summer time. At the end of August, Brussels announced the results of this poll. About 84 percent of the 4.6 million voters voted in favor of canceling the transition to winter and summer time.
Most of them stated that they would prefer to leave daylight saving time. At the same time, about two-thirds of the participants (three million people) of the survey were residents of the Federal Republic of Germany.
After that, the President of the European Commission proposed to cancel the transfer of arrows in 2019.
“People want it, so we will make it happen,” said Jean-Claude Juncker.
According to the plans of the Brussels department, on March 31, 2019, the EU countries will be obligatory to switch to summer time for the last time, and by October next year, each EU country will have to independently decide whether it will remain in summer time or switch to winter time. In any case, the relevant decision must be approved by the national government and the European Parliament.
At the same time, the European Commission seeks to avoid a situation in which different EU countries will operate at different times for fear of a negative impact on the domestic market.
At the same time, it is already known that not all governments support the EU initiative. In particular, Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Costa spoke in favor of maintaining the transition to winter and summer time.
How to survive Daylight Saving Time without harming your health
One of the most influential factors associated with daylight saving time is the health of citizens.
Most of the country's scientists and physicians have already opposed the transition to summer and winter time, assuring that such a move is a waste of resources and the health of citizens.
Doctors say that during the movement of the clock hands, the human body is subject to severe stress. Because of this, chronic diseases of many citizens are aggravated, as well as disturbed sleep patterns, which negatively affects health.
To survive the time jump as easily and imperceptibly as possible for the body, you should start going to bed an hour earlier at least a week before the clock is changed. This will allow your body to get used to the upcoming change in your daily routine.
In the first days after the transition, doctors also recommend giving up coffee and alcoholic beverages. They can negatively affect the nervous system and exacerbate the stress of changing daily routines.
However, all these tips will not be able to cancel a difficult awakening in the early (very early) morning of April 1, but a contrast shower can come to the rescue.
Qualified scientists say that the translation of watches has a very negative effect on the attentiveness and concentration of a person. Because of this, road traffic accidents are increasing and even the suicide rate is increasing.
On July 14 (July 1 according to the old style), 1917, the transition from "winter" to "summer" time was carried out for the first time in Russia.
The expression "daylight saving" time (summer time or Daylight Saving Time) means an hour shift ahead of the time taken in a given time zone. Introduced for the summer period in order to save electricity by the governments of a number of countries approximately north of 30 ° north latitude and south of 30 ° south latitude.
Switching the clock hands to "daylight saving" time is not advisable everywhere. In tropical latitudes (less than 23.5 °), the length of daylight hours varies little throughout the year. In polar latitudes (more than 66.33 °) there is a polar day and a polar night. The effect of shifting the clock hands to "summer" and "winter" time can take place in the latitude interval from 30 to 55 °.
The duration of "summer" time in different countries decreases from north to south, being 20-30 weeks in April-May, summer months and September-October (in the northern hemisphere) and about 20 weeks in November-March (in the southern hemisphere) ... With a significant decrease in the duration of daylight hours, the time is shifted back one hour. The mode of life according to the usual standard time in everyday life is called "winter" time.
For the first time, the idea of moving clocks originated in the 18th century by the American public figure Benjamin Franklin in order to save candles for lighting, but was blocked by candle manufacturers.
In 1895, New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson submitted an article to the Wellington Philosophical Society proposing a two-hour shift to preserve daylight.
The idea of introducing summer time found support in most economically developed countries at the beginning of the 20th century, during the period of mass electrification of industry and everyday life. More rational use of daylight hours was supposed to reduce energy consumption for lighting premises.
In Great Britain in 1909, a bill was drawn up to introduce daylight saving time, which was repeatedly considered in parliament, but was never passed until the First World War.
Many states immediately after the end of the war abandoned the "summer" time, others - repeatedly introduced this time, then abandoned it, and some countries kept this time shift throughout the year.
Daylight saving time was introduced in the event of crisis situations, for example, during World War II (USA, Great Britain), during the 1973-1974 oil crisis (USA, Germany and other countries).
In Russia, for the first time, this transition was made on July 1 (July 14, new style), 1917, when, in accordance with a decree of the Provisional Government, the hands of all clocks in the country were moved one hour forward.
They were translated back on December 27, 1917 (January 9, 1918 according to the new style) already in accordance with the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of December 22, 1917 (January 4, 1918 according to the new style).
The practice of switching from "summer" to "winter" time continued until 1924.
By the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of June 16, 1930, maternity time was introduced on the territory of the USSR. Then the hands of the clock were moved one hour ahead of the standard time and after that they were not moved back, and the country began to live and work all year round, one hour ahead of the natural daily cycle. The transfer of the clock hands to "daylight saving" time was resumed on April 1, 1981, but this time relative to the daylight saving time. Thus, in the country "daylight saving" time was ahead of the standard time by two hours.
In the USSR, and since 1991 in Russia, the introduction of "summer" time was carried out on the night of the last Saturday on the last Sunday of March, and "winter" - on the night of the last Saturday on the last Sunday of September.
In 1996, the period of "summer" time in Russia was "to comply with a single time regime with other countries. The transition to" winter "time began to be carried out on the last Sunday of October, as in all of Europe.
At the same time, the majority of the Russian population opposed summer time.
On July 21, 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin on the transition of Russia from October 26, 2014 to "winter" time. In most constituent entities of the Russian Federation, clocks were set back one hour, and in the future, the seasonal conversion of the hands was not carried out. Five regions of Russia (Udmurtia, Samara Region, Kemerovo Region, Kamchatka Territory and Chukotka Autonomous District) have not switched to "winter" time.
After that, from a number of regions began to receive complaints about the lack of sunlight in the evenings. In 2016, the Russian authorities approved laws that made it possible to move the clock hands forward: in the Altai Republic, Altai and Trans-Baikal Territories, Sakhalin, Astrakhan, Magadan, Tomsk, Ulyanovsk, Novosibirsk, etc.
At present, there is no consensus among experts and the international community about significant savings in energy resources when switching to summer time.
In 2017, more than 70 countries and territories made the transition to "summer" / "winter" time. Of the former Soviet republics, only Moldova, Ukraine and the three Baltic republics - Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia - have introduced summer time.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
Every year in March, Ukrainians switch to daylight saving time. This tradition has existed for many years, and it was invented in order to save energy. When you need to move the clock forward, how to protect your health - read our material.
Time change in Ukraine 2019: when and what time
For many years, there has been a tradition in Ukraine to move time forward on the last Sunday of March. Daylight saving time in 2019 in Ukraine will occur on Sunday - March 31. This year, the clock will move forward one hour at 3:00.
Time change 2019: why?
Moving the clock hands forward one hour in summer and one hour back in winter is carried out in order to save energy resources. This was first done in Great Britain in 1908. The idea belongs to Benjamin Franklin, an American statesman, one of the authors of the US Declaration of Independence.
And today clocks are translated in 110 countries of the world. At the same time, there are states that have refused the transition, for example, Japan, China, Singapore, Estonia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. Also, they do not transfer watches to the EU.
Time change 2019 in Ukraine: how to protect health
Ukrainians on March 31 will have to sleep one hour less. This can lead to serious health problems. So, many complain of head and heart pains, lack of sleep. In addition, doctors are increasingly reporting the harmful effect of time shifting on humans. In their opinion, there are both psychological and physical risks. Most of all, people with diseases of the cardiovascular system can suffer - as a result of a sharp change in rhythm, a heart attack may occur.
- To easily transfer the transfer of hours in Ukraine, you should adhere to simple rules:
Spend more time outdoors to get enough fresh air. If this is not possible, then try to ventilate the room more often. - Go to bed a little earlier. Doctors recommend that you start going to bed one hour earlier five days before the clock is changed. But this should be done gradually. First, go to sleep 15 minutes earlier, and each day shift the time another 15 minutes.
- Shift and dinner time to change the hour structure of the evening.
- Eat dairy products, fruits, vegetables.
- Take a warm, scented bath before bed.
Time changeover in Ukraine 2019: what is forbidden to do
- It is strictly forbidden to consume alcoholic beverages at this time. The ethanol in these drinks irritates the human nervous system, which can lead to sleep disturbances.
- Do not eat fatty foods, smoked meats and other heavy foods. Follow your diet for several days before changing the clock.