Many car enthusiasts decide to build a garage on their own. In this case, it is important to choose the right material from which the room will be made. An excellent option would be a bar - this is an inexpensive material, which is quite simple to work with. In addition, building a garage from a bar with your own hands does not require a large number of special or expensive tools.
The timber is distinguished by its low cost and ease of processing.
If it was decided to build a garage from a bar, then it is imperative to find out the characteristics of this material and its features.
A bar is a timber that is made from logs. Most often, a timber is a processed log of a rectangular or square shape, the length of which is many times its cross section. The cross section can be from 100 to 400 mm.
Now there are several types of timber that can be found on the market. Each of them has its own characteristics:
- Standard. The cheapest and simplest type of timber, which is made of a single array and smooth on all sides. The section of such a bar most often ranges from 15 to 22 cm. For the construction of garages or outbuildings, a bar with a minimum section is used.
- Profiled. It is a high-tech solid material made from conifers. It must be made in a single array, without the use of glue or other substances. Profiled timber is an environmentally friendly material that has special grooves on the sides. They are needed to fasten several bars together.
- Rounded. This is a bar that has undergone special processing and has the same diameter along its entire length. It is made in the form of a cylinder, which is why it got its name. This type of timber is most often used for building houses.
- Glued. This is a material that is formed by gluing together several wooden materials.
The performance properties of the timber can be compared with the characteristics of any wood material. It is easy to erect buildings from it, it does not require an expensive and varied tool. But all types of timber have similar advantages and disadvantages, which we will now consider.
Advantages and disadvantages
Let's start with the advantages of timber as a material for building a garage:
- Cheapness and availability. Timber is perhaps the cheapest building material that can now be found on the market. It is from the timber that not only garages are very often erected, but also houses, baths, outbuildings. The cheapness is explained, first of all, by the simplicity of processing. The following feature follows from this;
- Timber processing is very simple. The most common timber is a log sawn from four sides. The processing process is very simple and does not require any additional equipment. For these reasons, the final product turns out to be inexpensive, and you can buy it in dozens, if not hundreds of outlets. There is definitely no shortage of this material on the market;
- High strength to mechanical stress, elasticity;
- Good thermal insulation properties. Correctly installed timber keeps heat several times better than brick or foam concrete. For an ordinary garage, such thermal insulation properties are enough with a margin, it will have a comfortable climate in both winter and summer;
- Ease of installation and assembly of the structure from the garage. It is possible to completely build a small garage from a bar in a few weeks and at minimal cost. A garage or any building made of other materials will have to be built several times longer;
- Structures from a bar already initially have an aesthetic appearance, they do not need to be additionally clad, such as, for example, walls made of foam concrete.
But, like any material, the timber has its drawbacks:
- Many types of timber are prone to cracking, especially in the center. To eliminate such a problem, special mastics are used and the wood is additionally processed.
Drafting and costing
At the design stage, you already need to know what type of garage you will have: frame or massive
Before buying a timber, you need to decide exactly on the project of the future construction. There are various common options, but there are only two main types of garages:
- Frame garages. The load-bearing elements of the garage are built from the timber, after which the frame is sheathed with special plates and heat-insulating materials.
- Massive garages. With this option, the building consists entirely of timber. This is a more costly method compared to the previous one, but a massive garage is a really strong and durable structure that will last for many years.
When making an estimate, first of all, you need to choose a section of a bar... For example, we will take a beam with a section of 100x100 mm. For massive or large buildings, or in places with a harsh climate, it is better to use a bar with a large section. For example, 150x150 mm. A bar of a larger section is used very rarely for the construction of small buildings. The fact is that not everyone sees the point in overpaying for slightly better thermal insulation.
In the cost estimate, it is imperative to include not only the timber itself, but also the materials for the roof.
Payment
First you need to determine the desired size and shape of the garage. For example, we will take the most standard and widespread option - a rectangular garage 7 m long, 4 m wide and 3 m high.In such a garage, you can comfortably place any medium-sized sedan.
First, we need to find the perimeter of the future garage. This is done according to the formula (A + B) * 2.
(4 m + 8 m) x 2 = 24 m. This is the perimeter of the garage walls.
Now we need to find the area of the walls. For this, the formula is used: p * h. That is, multiply the perimeter by the height: 24 mx 3 m = 72 m 2. This is the area of all the walls of the building.
To find out the volume, you need to multiply the area by the size of the section. In our case, this is: 72 mx 0.1 m = 7.2 m 3. This is how much material will be needed to build a garage, taken as an example of size.
Do not forget that the size of the doors and windows must be subtracted from this size, but it is individual for each case. For example, there may be no windows at all, and the size of the gate is very different. You can play it safe and not deduct the size of the gate, and the remaining timber will be a reserve for various unforeseen expenses or damage to the timber.
If you don't want to spend extra money, then it is enough to subtract from the original size the volume of the timber that is needed for the gate. For example, the width of the gate is 2.5 m, and the height is 2 m. Then we find the area: 2.5 mx 2 m = 5 m 2. Next, we multiply the area by the section and get 0.5 m 3, which we need to subtract from the total volume of the required timber.
Required materials and tools
Garage building tools
Building a garage is a time consuming process that requires a fairly large number of tools:
- Shovels - needed to work with the foundation;
- Saw for cutting a bar to the desired size;
- Hammer, chisels, pliers;
- Screwdriver - for fixing timber and other materials;
- Measuring tools.
Now let's move on to the materials that will be needed for construction:
- Formwork - for pouring the foundation;
- Cement;
- Fastening materials;
- Roof - the calculation of its dimensions is made depending on the type of roof and the material itself;
- Special impregnation;
- Materials for interior decoration.
Step-by-step instructions for building a garage from a bar
Foundation preparation
For a garage from a bar, a strip foundation is best suited
Installation of the foundation can be divided into several stages:
- The choice of the type of foundation and its dimensions. For garages, strip foundations are most often used. The average depth for it should be 70-100 cm, and the width - 50 cm. The length and width are calculated based on the size of the future garage.
- After all measurements and markings, you need to dig trenches for the foundation of the previously agreed depth. Sand and crushed stone are poured at the bottom of the trench - for the strength of the future foundation.
- Next, the formwork is installed. It is preferable to just buy and install, but you can do it yourself. The formwork must be well fixed so that it does not move or deform during the pouring process.
- Often the foundation is decided to be reinforced for additional strength. For this, a metal mesh is inserted into the future foundation, which is fastened with a special wire.
- After reinforcement, you can start pouring the cement. You need to wait about a month until the foundation gains full strength, after which you can proceed to the next stage.
Assembly of a log house
At this stage, the installation of the frame crowns is carried out. When assembling a garage from a ready-made factory kit, all the necessary cuttings will already be made.
If you are making a garage from an ordinary log house, then you need to make the necessary cuttings yourself. It is recommended to stick to the "half-tree" or "in the paw" type - these are the most tested and reliable types of connection. Having decided on the type, perform a rough assembly of the log house, according to the template. Make all the necessary cuts and holes, number the timber for more convenient assembly after processing with special tools.
The construction of the garage is in full swing
Installation of walls is carried out according to the selected type of project. It is convenient to use a profiled beam, as it has special grooves for a strong fastening.
Roof installation
Metal tiles as a material for roofing are worth choosing if you are not very limited in your budget.
To build a roof, you need to decide on the roofing material. There are several common options from which you have to choose:
- Ceramic and metal roof tiles. Very expensive and difficult to install material. It is used for expensive garages and is of high quality.
- ... Cheap and lightweight material that is easy to install on any roof. But, unfortunately, it is susceptible to corrosion and does not hold heat well.
- Flexible shingles. Sold in rolls and is very easy to install on the roof. The only drawback is the short service life.
The construction of the roof begins with the installation of the Mauerlat - this is the most important element of the future overlap... A Mauerlat is made from a bar with a section of 150x150 mm. The Mauerlat is attached to the wall with staples or studs.
Rafters are installed on the Mauerlat - this is the frame and the main part of the shed roof. For rafters, a beam with a section of 100 mm is most often used.
The process of installing rafters of a shed roof garage
Do not forget about waterproofing, which must be placed under the roofing material.
After the construction of the wooden part of the roof, the roofing material is placed on it, which was originally selected.
Finishing
Most often, a garage from a bar from the outside is finished with siding
A garage made of timber needs both interior and exterior decoration. Outside, such garages are faced with siding, which gives the building thermal insulation properties and an aesthetic appearance.
Insulating material is laid inside the garage, and the walls are finished with clapboard or any other material.
Care and operation of a garage from a bar
If the garage was tiled and sheathed inside, then it will not require additional maintenance. But you need to understand that at the construction stage, it is very important to treat the entire timber with special impregnations, which will save the timber from its main disadvantages: susceptibility to decay, low fire resistance.
To build a garage from a bar with your own hands is quite a feasible business. The main thing is to approach the process with all responsibility.
There are a lot of materials and structures for building a garage.
These are bricks, expanded clay concrete, gas and foam concrete blocks, steel profiled sheet and wood.
Garage walls are often erected using frame technology - high-speed and low-cost.
We will consider the construction of a garage from a bar in order to determine the main advantages of such a solution, to evaluate the design options and features of the work.
The advantages of a wooden garage are:
- Environmental friendliness of wood, absorbing exhaust gases and the smell of gasoline;
- High level of energy saving and low cost of wood;
- Good vapor permeability of wooden walls reduces the level of humidity, which has a positive effect on the condition of the car body;
- Ease of processing and ease of assembly allow construction to be carried out without the use of special tools and assembly equipment;
- Optimal compatibility with the facade of a wooden residential building and the landscape of the site.
Choice of design
If you are going to build a wooden garage with your own hands, you need to decide in advance on the type of foundation, the constructive solution of the walls and roof. Let's consider these issues in more detail.
The easiest way is to make a base for a wooden garage in the form of a monolithic reinforced concrete slab. It will not only become a reliable support for the walls, but also perform the function of a floor.
To exclude the absorption of soil moisture into the concrete, after filling and compaction of the sand cushion, 2 layers of roofing felt waterproofing must be laid on it. For a heated garage, it will not be superfluous to work on insulating the foundation slab. Before pouring the final mortar screed onto concrete, it is necessary to lay sheets of extruded foam with a thickness of 1-2 centimeters.
The thickness of the foundation slab must be chosen so that the level of the clean floor in the garage is 20-25 cm above the ground level. This will prevent the walls from soaking with rainwater. To protect the walls from moisture, after the completion of construction, a concrete blind area with a width of at least 70 cm must be poured along the entire perimeter of the structure.
There are more affordable options for foundations for a garage made of timber - strip rubble concrete, columnar and pile. It is enough to deepen the tape into the ground by 60-80 cm. Wood is a light and resilient material that is not afraid of deformations caused by frost heaving.
But the pillars or piles for such a garage will have to be immersed deeper into the ground (below the seasonal freezing point) so that the frozen soil does not push the foundation out.
Having finished with the foundation, they begin to build the walls. Here you can implement any of two options - a frame made of a bar or a wooden frame.
Timber frame
In order for the frame of the garage made of timber to be strong and geometrically flawless, before starting the assembly, you need to prepare a project or a detailed sketch.
All supporting structures are drawn on paper and contact nodes are worked out in detail. With a lack of design experience, the joints of vertical posts and horizontal connections of the frame can be taken from typical projects of wooden structures. It is possible to connect the frame elements not only with the help of steel brackets, but also by means of metal plates with holes for self-tapping screws.
Cuts and other complex joints of beams should be avoided whenever possible, replacing them with a simple option of joining - overlapping or, as the carpenters say, “into the floor of the tree”.
The basis on which the frame garage is built is a horizontal support frame made of a bar with a section of 100x100 mm. For its manufacture, it is better to use oak or larch. These rocks tolerate moisture more persistently.
The support frame is placed not on concrete, but on roofing felt to prevent moisture from entering the wood fibers. On a slab or strip foundation, it is fixed using threaded anchor rods with a diameter of 14-16 mm, pre-buried in concrete to a depth of 20-25 cm.
Having verified the horizontalness of the frame with the building level, you can start installing the corner posts of the frame. Having checked the verticality, they are fixed with inclined jibs from the boards, and a cord is pulled on top. Ordinary racks are placed on it. Their step depends on the size of the cross-section, the thickness of the outer skin and can be from 50 to 100 cm.
Having set them along the cord and fastened with permanent jibs of the frame racks, they are fixed on top with a strapping bar, which acts as a support for the roof rafter system.
For reliable fastening of the rafter legs, grooves are cut out in the strapping bar.
If the garage is heated, then the wall cladding is carried out simultaneously with layer-by-layer insulation of the space with ecowool. There is another option: you can first sheathe the frame with a blockhouse, wooden clapboard or board, and then veneer it from the inside with semi-rigid mineral wool slabs. Do not forget to cover the insulation with a vapor barrier film and make a ventilated gap!
It is impossible to insulate a frame garage from a bar with polystyrene, since this material does not allow water vapor to pass through and the wood in the contact zone with it will rot.
Log garage
It is easier to build a garage from wood using an array of timber than to erect frame walls. Timber walls do not require cladding. This material has a high degree of construction readiness, since it is cut to fit the size of the building. The manufacturer immediately makes fittings for the rims in it and profiles them along the length. All you need is a sketch drawing, on which you need to indicate the dimensions of the garage and the gate.
The main condition for the durability of a garage built from solid timber is the high quality of wood and its low moisture content. Therefore, it is better to buy kiln-dried material than cheaper natural moisture. Raw wood gives a large shrinkage deformation and cracks appear in the log house, requiring additional caulking.
When choosing between a rounded log and a profiled bar, it is better to choose a profiled one. It has less shrinkage and cracking. It does not crack so much and is easier to assemble into a single structure.
Although manufacturers claim that profiled beams do not need an inter-crown insulation, it is still better to lay linen or jute tape between them.
The bottom chord of the garage block should be made of hardwood, and pine can be used for the rest of the crowns. After completing the assembly of the walls, the timber is covered from the inside with a fire retardant - a substance that does not support combustion. Outside, it is treated with an antiseptic to protect it from decay.
Speaking about the optimal type of corner joint of the timber, we note that the most reliable and sealed is the combined version "in half a tree". It has a root and plug-in spikes, and a large contact area of the bars is achieved. For self-cutting corners, it is better to use a simpler butt joint on the main tenon.
Gates
Hinged garage doors can be made on the basis of a wooden frame, sheathed with a board, clapboard or steel profiled sheet.
If more reliable protection is required, then you need to buy and install steel roller blinds or automatic sectional doors in the opening. Their color can be precisely matched to the color of the timber walls, achieving visual harmony.
Roof
For a garage from a bar, any type of roof is suitable - one or gable, hip or attic. Her choice depends on your plans. If there is a need to store household equipment, then a gable hipped roof should be installed in the garage. It is more expensive in construction than a single-slope one, but it is much warmer and more spacious.
The filing of the ceiling in the garage on wooden beams can be done using sheet plasterboard or wooden clapboard impregnated with a fire retardant compound.
In this article, we will tell you how to build a garage from a bar. You can do this on your own, engaging third-party specialists only at some stages, which means you can significantly reduce your costs.
In addition, a wooden garage is quite a convenient place for a car, and it looks quite original.
Wooden beams are an excellent material for outbuildings
Preparation for work
Choice of design
Before starting the purchase of material and construction work, it is worth examining the projects of a garage from a bar, which are published in specialized publications and on the network (including on this site). After analyzing the design documentation, you will be able to choose the design that best suits your conditions and requests.
If we approach from a formal point of view, then wooden outbuildings are divided into two types:
- Frame - only load-bearing elements are erected from a massive wooden beam. Then the frame is sheathed with sheet material (most often an OSB-plate is used), and a heat insulator is placed inside the sheathing.
- Massive - in this case, the walls of the garage are folded from a bar. To give the structure an aesthetic appearance, it is possible to clap the walls with clapboard or siding, however, the use of profiled blanks allows you to save on such finishing.
The first method is easier to implement, and the price of the building will be lower. However, if we need a really strong structure, then it is better to use a massive timber.
Note!
Today, many manufacturers offer ready-made kits for the construction of log cabins.
The set includes numbered bars with all necessary grooves and fixings.
Of course, the cost of the structure will increase, but if you have no experience with wood, then buying such a kit is an excellent way out and situations.
Purchase of material
So, we have decided on the design - now it's time to choose the material.
Let's list the possible options as the cost increases:
- Massive smooth timber of natural moisture. This type of blank is the most affordable, but this is where the benefits end.
Walls made of flat timber that have not been dried are subject to fairly strong shrinkage during the first two years after construction, therefore, sheathing can only be carried out after a long construction of the log house.
Note!
When the timber dries, rather large gaps can form between the individual elements.
They can be eliminated by caulking, but it is still better to perform cladding.
- Massive profiled timber. This variety, and after chamber drying. The second variety is more expensive, but it is much less prone to deformation.
- The main advantage of the profiled bar is the locks on the workpiece planes. The spikes and grooves allow you to create a practically sealed abutment unit, which will not be blown out even with a slight shrinkage.
- Glued profile material is the ideal choice. It is produced by gluing a previously dried board, does not crack when dry and practically does not have its own shrinkage. If finances allow, build a garage from laminated veneer lumber without hesitation.
Calculator for calculating the amount of lumber:
Set of tools
Wooden blanks have a fairly large mass, therefore, it is desirable to have at least one assistant for work.
As for the tool kit, you will need the following accessories:
- Trench tools (shovels, picks) for laying the foundation.
- Saw for wood - circular or reciprocating.
- Chainsaw - will be needed if a large-sized bar is used, which will have to be cut to size by yourself.
- Mallets for settling the beams during assembly.
- Construction stapler for installation of mezhventsovy heat-insulating material.
- Hand tools - hammers, pliers, chisels, etc.
- Drill and screwdriver.
- Measuring tools ranging from a level for marking the site and ending with a plumb line for checking vertical planes.
Construction of a garage
Making the foundation
A project of a garage from a bar can provide for the installation of a capital base of various types:
- Slab foundation is the easiest to manufacture. The main advantage of this design is the ability to use concrete slabs directly as a floor. But from the point of view of reliability, this arrangement scheme loses to other varieties.
- Column foundation - involves the installation of vertical recessed concrete blocks under the main supporting structures. To ensure maximum strength of the floor, additional posts for the joists can also be provided.
- Strip foundation - combines a sufficient safety margin with ease of construction. The width of the foundation must correspond to the dimensions of the timber used (i.e. up to 300 mm), and the depth is laid up to half a meter.
- Any foundation should be raised above the ground by at least 100 mm, since moisture contact with wooden parts is highly undesirable.
Advice!
When building the foundation, you should also take care of creating a viewing hole.
The easiest way is to finish the walls of the excavated pit with brickwork, and reinforce the sides with metal channels.
A floor will subsequently be installed on top of the foundation.
Projects of garages from a bar suggest one of the options:
- Concrete screed over slabs. Such a floor is laid on top of the slab base and provides sufficient strength even with very active use.
- Reinforced concrete floor on the ground. It is erected in several stages, it necessarily provides for reinforcement. By and large, such a concrete floor serves as a monolithic foundation of low power.
- Wooden floor on the logs. It can only be recommended in cases where the garage is not planned to be used for heavy equipment. But even then, the floorboards should be thick enough.
Assembly of a log house
On top of the base, we begin to assemble the frame itself from a bar.
The instruction advises to adhere to the following sequence of actions:
- We make the lower harness from thick beams with a section of 100x150 mm and more. We connect the strapping ring at the corners "in half a tree" or "in a paw" - as shown in the diagram.
- To protect it from moisture, we impregnate the wood with special compounds. If there is a need to save money, then water-repellent impregnations can be replaced with used oil.
Advice!
The fastening of the strapping rings can be reinforced with metal corners.
- Next, we begin to build walls with our own hands, laying the beams on top of each other. When using profiled blanks, the installation process is not difficult, since the locks make it easier to position the parts.
- To ensure maximum protection against heat loss, we lay jute roll material inside each lock. To prevent the insulation from shifting during installation and upsetting, we "grab" it with metal brackets.
- We connect the bars to each other either with steel nails or with special wooden dowels.
Particular attention should be paid to the design of the garage door. To prevent deformation of the opening when the building shrinks, we install two vertical beams on the sides, which will support the horizontal one.
Roof
When the garage from the profiled timber is brought to the design height, you can proceed with the installation of the roof:
- On top of the flooring, we lay a bar - Mauerlat on the crowns. For greater reliability, we fix the Mauerlat not only, but also with metal corners.
- We fix the rafters on the Mauerlat, the configuration and size of which are determined by the project. The most popular roofing options for garages are pitched and gable. Flat and hipped roof structures are much less common.
- We fix the rafters with braces and connect them together with a ridge bar. We also fix the ridge beam on the pediment parts if they are erected using the same technology as the walls.
- Next, we mount the lathing on the rafter system, after which we lay the roof covering. The roof can be additionally insulated from the inside.
Finishing
The erected timber frame of the garage must be finished.
Of course, ideally it is worth letting the log house stand for complete shrinkage, but the use of glued beams and strict adherence to the installation technology in this case allows you to start finishing work pretty soon:
- Firstly, if a flat beam was used, then we will need to do the wall cladding with our own hands. For interior cladding, lining is the preferred option, for exterior cladding - siding (plastic or metal).
- We mount a windproof membrane under the sheathing, which will protect the joints between the beams from blowing.
- After the completion of the cladding, the flooring is laid (if a plank floor was planned).
Many owners of suburban housing prefer to build wooden garages on their site, since these structures not only allow you to store the car, reliably protecting it from the negative effects of the environment, but also act as an ideal addition to the architectural design of the house.
In addition, in such a building, you can conveniently place large-sized items, various tools and comfortably equip a place for repairing a vehicle. It is worth noting that the process of installing a wooden structure is simple, and you can do it yourself.
Features and Benefits
A wooden garage is a multifunctional structure, the frame of which is sheathed with timber or boards. Thanks to modern design, this garage can be freely accommodated 2 cars, while using the minimum land area.
Unlike masonry, profiled beams are inexpensive to build, and finishing work can be done using either new or recycled material.
The assembly of all garage parts is carried out quickly, does not require special training and the use of complex equipment.
The installation of a wooden garage is also chosen in the case when there are already wooden buildings made in the same style on the land plot. Therefore, in order to create a general image in landscape design and not destroy harmony, the owners of country houses have to build a garage made of wood with their own hands. In order for such a structure to serve as a reliable place for storing a car, it is advisable to place it in a fenced or guarded area, this will help to avoid burglary and theft.
The main advantages of a wooden garage include a fairly large number of properties.
- Strength and durability.
- Stylish look. Such a structure fits perfectly into the design of the site.
- Reliable protection of vehicles against temperature and moisture changes.
- Refractoriness. Modern buildings are treated with a chemical composition, so they are "not afraid" of fire and woody insects.
- Profitability. To install the structure, you can choose any kind of wood, and you do not need to hire builders, which, in turn, significantly saves the family's budget.
- Ease of installation. Construction work is done quickly and the installation of the garage is "clean", when it is completed there is no debris that can take a lot of time to clean up.
- Possibility of various interior finishes. Since car owners spend a lot of time in the garage, the interior should be cozy. To give the room a homely warmth, the walls inside the building can be decorated in an original way. Thus, you will get an additional room in which it will be pleasant to relax after work.
- Huge selection of projects. Recently, many buildings of various sizes, shapes and styles have been created. Garages of 6x4 m are very popular, thanks to their compact size, you can not only save on material, but also rationally use the land of the site.
- Environmental friendliness. Wood is a natural raw material that fills the room with a pleasant smell and does not emit harmful substances.
Choice of design
Before you start building a wooden garage, you need to decide on its appearance, on which the visual perception of the building and its combination with other objects on the site will depend.
Today, the following types of structures are distinguished:
- frame;
- team;
- log house
The most beautiful and expensive structure is considered to be a log house. Such a garage is distinguished by high aesthetics, its wood finish can be easily combined with other materials. In addition, the building has good strength indicators, since it is installed monolithically, and the bars fit snugly together. And also the structure is resistant to mechanical damage, its walls are difficult to break through or drill, which is important when protecting the garage from burglars. The installation of a log house does not require much time and, as a rule, takes from 3 to 7 days.
A prefabricated timber structure is also a good option for a garage. Its installation is carried out using a special technology. First, a parallelepiped is made around the perimeter of the future building, then a board is attached to it from both sides. Outwardly, such a garage can be sheathed with siding, and inside it can be trimmed with any material.
As for the frame structure, it is considered the most advanced type in construction. Unlike a prefabricated garage, when installing a parallelepiped, the location of windows, doors and gates is immediately taken into account. The parts are assembled in such a way that the plane of the frame looks like a chessboard. In addition, all internal ceilings are made according to the cellular principle, which significantly increases the strength of the building and makes it warm.
Foundation
Usually, in the construction of wooden objects, a strip foundation is used, and the installation of a garage is no exception. Such a foundation extends the life of the building. If other materials besides wood will be included in the finishing of the structure, then it is best to choose a monolithic foundation. It can be either poured with concrete or laid using ready-made slabs.
The only drawback of such a base is poor thermal conductivity, but since the garage is a non-residential space, this will not be a big problem.
Before you start pouring the base, you must first of all draw the drawings, and carefully prepare the place. To do this, the site for the building is cleaned of debris, then a 40 cm depression is made in the soil. It is important to make the surface even and smooth. The width of the recess should have a small margin: 150x150 cm from all sides. A pillow of river sand and gravel with a thickness of no more than 160 mm must be laid under the foundation. First, you should tamp the sand, and then evenly distribute the layer of rubble.
After the pillow is ready, you need to install the formwork along the contour of the future structure. It is best to make it from vertical bars, leaving a gap between them on each side of 20 cm.In addition, you need to pay attention to the height of the formwork, it cannot be too high above the soil level, the optimal indicator for its height is 200 cm. Since a reinforcing mesh will serve as the frame and base of the foundation, it is prepared in advance, and cells with a size of 100x100 mm are formed. A brick must be placed under the reinforcement rods and concrete is poured so that it covers only half of it.
The subsequent stages of construction can be performed after the foundation is completely dry. This usually takes several days.
Frame and roof
Most often, a single roof type is chosen for the installation of wooden garages, since it does not represent a huge load on the frame and does not require additional reinforcement. If the room is planned to be used for two cars, then it is advisable to use special profiles covered with anti-corrosion mixtures for its base. As for the frame of the garage, before you build it, you need not only to choose the technology and place of assembly, but also to take into account the proximity to communications, climatic conditions and the level of groundwater. It is also important to decide on the entry zone and the type of gate.
As a rule, a wooden garage is erected from glued or rounded timber. For work, it is recommended to purchase slats and boards with a moisture content of no more than 18%. In this case, a beam of 100 × 50 mm is used for the lower strapping, 50 × 50 mm for longitudinal elements, and 100 × 100 mm for floors and rafters. Installation of the frame requires temporary fixation of the racks, this allows to increase the rigidity of the fastening. Therefore, the racks are connected using metal corners and self-tapping screws.
Erection
The installation of the frame structure begins with the lower strapping, which is performed around the entire perimeter of the garage using beams. The surface of the tree must be covered with mastic and antiseptics. In addition, roofing material is placed under the lower harness. Corner posts are placed at the corners of the frame and fasten them to the harness using metal slopes.
Thus, the structure becomes strong and withstands the load after sheathing.
After the corner posts are exposed, the upper strapping is carried out. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the supports have a clearly vertical position, for this it is recommended to use a level. Then the frame is reinforced with additional ribs. Boards with a section of 50 × 100 mm are placed between the lower and upper strapping and fixed. The ribs can be fastened both to steel corners and with the help of complete or incomplete cutting of beams. The distance between the ribs is calculated depending on the width of the finishing plates, which will act as the walls of the garage.
Sheathing
The cladding of the structure can be done only if the issue with thermal insulation is resolved. If a workshop is not planned in the garage, then its walls need not be insulated. In this situation, it is enough to fill the voids and seams with polyurethane foam and nail the boards, leaving areas for windows and gates.
As for the inner cladding of the building, first, sheets of steam and thermal insulation are necessarily laid, then decorative finishing is carried out from boards or any building material. Walls lined with clapboard or drywall look beautiful inside the garage.
Roof device
Usually, the roof of a wooden garage is made in an angular shape, as this provides a good drainage of rainfall. In addition, other design options can be used, the choice of which depends on the length and width of the building. Therefore, even at the stage of assembling the frame, you should carefully consider the type of the future roof and draw a drawing of its model. Small garages are covered with a triangular roof and slightly raised at the bottom of the puff. If the structure is large, then it is best to use crossbars or vertical stops for the roof.
The manufactured form is mounted on the upper harness, taking a step every two meters. Fixation, as a rule, is carried out using special corners, the roof beams are attached from the inside of the garage to the rafters. A layer of waterproofing is applied on top of the blanks and a crate is made, on which the coating itself will be laid in the future. A similar procedure is performed for a pitched roof, but its rafter systems may be different.
It is worth noting that a pitched roof is much worse in operation, since it creates uneven loads on the frame, therefore it is undesirable to install it.
Gate: options
The choice of gates is also considered an important issue in the construction of a garage. The type of their design is determined even during the preparation of the project and fits into the drawings. Today, several gate options are widely used.
- Swing. This is the most popular type of construction, which is characterized by its simplicity and convenience. Such gates consist of two canvases, their construction is cheap and does not require special installation knowledge, so garage doors are easy to make with your own hands and sheathed with wood or profiled sheets.
Today, most private home owners try to store their cars, if they have any, in garages. This is absolutely understandable, because being in such a room, the car is less exposed to external natural factors and is protected from prying eyes, and therefore its condition does not deteriorate as rapidly as it is used. The garage can also be used as a storage room for storing items or non-perishable items.
Peculiarities
A do-it-yourself wooden garage would be a good solution for a private house. The territory where it will be located must be fenced, since such a building does not guarantee protection from thieves.
It should also be said about other disadvantages of a wooden garage:
- not too long service life;
- high fire hazard;
- the need for processing building materials with special substances.
They also have many advantages:
- availability due to the low price of building materials;
- the possibility of self-erection;
- ease of installation work;
- environmental Safety;
- relative strength.
There are several types of garages made of wood. The most popular are buildings made of timber, which is the most durable and durable material.
But it is not easy to build a log house on your own, and its price is quite high.
At the same time, a log garage is considered a reliable structure, and outwardly it looks quite presentable.
Garage buildings made of rounded logs are also common options. They also look great. In this case, you can purchase ready-made building materials that are assembled according to the principle of a constructor.
The third category is frame-based garages. It is on the frame that the main load will fall. But the main advantage is that any facing material can be used. If you wish, you can make a garage from a profiled sheet, and also from wooden boards or any other glued wooden material that is at hand.
Blueprints
Many people have problems with building a garage at the design stage. This is not surprising, since this process is the most difficult. The fact is that its importance lies in the need to think over the design as much as possible, because the parameters of a structure for 2 cars will differ significantly from the characteristics of a garage structure for one car.
A standard garage usually has dimensions of 6 by 4 meters.
Its height will be about three meters. But a garage of 6x4 m is a standard indicator. It will not be possible to fit two cars into it, and there will be more than enough space for one. But it all depends on the characteristics of the car itself.
If you need to calculate the parameters yourself, then when taking into account the dimensions of the car, you need to add 50 centimeters on the sides to open the doors, one meter from the trunk side and about 60 centimeters on the other side. The height is determined by the growth of the owner and in addition 1 meter is added to it.
Calculation of the amount of materials
After the person has decided on the size, a garage project is done. It takes into account all the little things and nuances that can be encountered when erecting such a structure. We are talking about such things as the placement of lighting fixtures, driveways, paths, how the gates will open, what category they will belong to, and many other important nuances. The project must necessarily reflect the type of building - whether it will be an extension to the house or an independent construction. Depending on this, the amount of required building materials will be different.
Another factor that influences this moment is the technology chosen for the construction.
If we are talking about a frame model, then it is necessary to calculate how much profiled timber of different sections, insulation, OSB sheets, metal corners, screws, wood and other materials are required.
If the garage is being built using log technology, then you need rounded logs and insulation. You also need to think about what materials for the roof will be used.
Preparation
After all the calculations have been completed and rechecked, a place should be prepared for future construction. To do this, you need to perform the markup. It can be done with pegs and twine. After that, the territory is cleaned from garbage. If there are slopes or elevation differences on the site, then they should be raised so that the ground is level.
After this is done, preparatory work begins. The foundation should be poured first. The most popular are pile or columnar foundations. They are used for lightweight buildings and are pillars or piles that are mounted around the perimeter of the future garage in the ground.
Piles are either jellied or ready-made. If the second option is planned, then wells are also needed.
Construction
The first stage, which determines the success of all further work, is the construction of the frame.
It consists of three elements:
- top strapping;
- racks;
- bottom strapping.
For the lower strapping, a bar with a section of 100x50 mm is used. The racks are made of 150x150 mm timber, and the floors and rafters are made of 100x50 mm mini-timber.
A garage floor made of logs is laid on the lower strapping, under which a layer of roofing material should be placed.
The embedded beam is fastened at the corners in one of two ways:
- on a plug-in thorn;
- in the paw.
It is worth remembering that the bond must be strong and reliable. After that, the so-called logs are inserted into the lower harness. This process is performed every 40-45 centimeters.
If the length of the lags is very large, then it is possible to carry out the installation of supports along the entire length, which are easily made from brick posts. This must be done so that the floor does not sag under the weight. The distance between them should be no more than 60 centimeters. They should also be covered with roofing material. By the way, all wooden elements, including bars and logs, should be pre-treated with an antiseptic.
After that, you can proceed to the construction of walls. Here the connection of the timber will be the same as used earlier.
The rows are attached to each other using so-called dowels - they are called hardwood wedges, which must be driven into holes drilled in advance. The pins are sunk into the boards so that cracks and holes do not form anywhere during drying. In the upper rim, cuts are also made for building bars.
As for the roof, its shape will depend on the design and size of the garage structure. Usually it is either single slope or gable. If the garage is adjacent to the house, then it is best to make a pitched roof. If it is a separate building located at a distance from the house, then the gable option would be the best choice.
After the roof is made, its lathing is performed. A waterproofing layer of roofing material is placed across the lathing, and only after that the roofing material is already laid.
Then you need to return to work on the floor.
It is best to make floors from grooved boards, which are fixed on the joists.
They should be fixed on the logs with self-tapping screws, or you can nail them with large nails, because the floor has to withstand the weight of the car, and this, as a rule, is more than one ton.
When the floor is ready, it should be completely covered with a special fire-fighting compound., which will significantly increase the resistance of wood to high temperatures. And to further secure the building, the floors can be covered with metal sheets. If it is not financially possible to cover the floors completely, then this should be done at least in places where there is the greatest likelihood of a spill of flammable and flammable liquids.
Such step-by-step instructions will easily allow you to create a garage quickly and relatively cheaply, and most importantly - on your own.
If the garage is adjacent to a two-story type cottage, then it is best to make a staircase that would allow you to get into the house from the garage, and for certain types of house and garage construction - to the second floor. This approach is quite convenient, since it allows you not to leave the garage on the street, for example, in cold weather, but immediately get home.
