The solvent for painting the car is one of the most important and required components in painting works. There are many many many and only certain are needed for proper dilution of paint. So so to not be mistaken how to breed the paint, acrylic or any other, consider the main types of solvents and their use.
In principle, the diluent and solvent is one substance. Both also serves to bring the material to the required viscosity (, paints, soil, liquid spatlets, basic enamel, etc.)
The manufacturer always indicates which solvent is better to apply for painting cars. Each paint and varnish system has its own hardener and diluent. Be sure to see the instruction on the reverse side of the container. There will be a specified diluent to use, at what temperature and for what material.
Immediately it is worth saying which solvents should not be applied to distribute acrylic paint - these are organic 646, 647, 650, etc. When diluting with paint or varnish, difficulties in painting may occur. Use them only for washing or another tool. The price of them is not large for cleaning the most.
Types of solvents and diluents, what to choose?
If you have the question of how to breed acrylic paint? That answer here is one, use any corporate acrylic solvent. Even if he is another company than the diversion of paint, varnish, soil, etc. Just do not apply the above mentioned! The corporate acrylic solvent is an order of magnitude more expensive than ordinary diluents, but it is recommended to use them for quality repairs.If the corporate acrylic ended or you want to save, you can apply a domestic manufacturer of diluent materials Universal solvent P12. It was successfully tried almost on all acrylic materials (varnishes, acrylic paint, soils, epoxy). There were no problems and defects. It can be safely considered as a universal solvent. P12 is "normal.
And so, the main criterion for choosing a diluent for breeding paint is the temperature of the ambient air. It is necessary to determine the ambient temperature before painting and in consequence it is necessary. The temperature affects the time of drying the material. In hot weather, the solvent evaporates faster and paint does not have time to grow. Defects appear, large shaggy, swam. In cold weather, evaporation will be too slow, and there will be more garbage.
There are three groups of acrylic diluents:
- Slow
- Normal
- Fast
Therefore, for high-quality work, always choose the material under a certain air temperature.
If cold, then use the "fast" diluent at a temperature of from 5 to 15 degrees. At normal temperature from 15 to 25, "Normal" is used. And in hot weather from 25 degrees needed a slow. All numbers are approximate, for accurate definition, see the manufacturer's instruction. In the photo below, a series of diluents from Body 740 741 742.
It should be noted that there is no special diluent for varnish or for soil, acrylic. For their dilution, a universal acrylic diluent is used. But for basic enamel there is a solvent for the base. Although many use the usual universal.
Solvents for transition
In addition to universal, there is still a solvent for the transition. They are not intended to dilute varnishes and enamels. Their appointment to make an inconspicuous border of the transition between old and new paint or varnish. For this, the solvent to transition is to be applied from the sprayer or an aerosol can of dry "pollinal" in the zone of the lacquer transition or acrylic paint.
It is extremely important to note that the solvent for the transition by lacquer or acrylic paint "acrylic" and for the transition to the base, it is also called "binder" completely different products. Binder for painting is something like a transparent base. It is applied to the metallic grain not sticking as "hedgehog" in the transition zone, but the right "lowered", which will provide a qualitative invisible transition.
How to mix paint.
For high-quality painting, the paintwork must be a certain viscosity and that it is properly mixed by a special tool:
Everyone has their own advantages and how to use the choice of purely everyone. The measuring line it is reusing, will last for a very long time, in contrast to the measuring cup. The dimensional lineups are double-sided (on each side different proportions of mixing). Basically this: 2: 1 and 4: 1 and another option 3: 1 and 5: 1.
How to use a measured ruler and a glass in a photo below, there is nothing difficult in this.
Be sure to study the instructions on the packaging before mixing the paints, in which dilute material ratio. Below will tell you in what proportions mix different LKM.
Acrylic paint "Acrylic":
For paint "Vika" is a ratio of 4: 1 with a hardener and a 20% -30% diluent. And for Mobihel 2: 1 with a hardener and a 10% -20% diluent.
Base mixing:
Basic paint is mainly mixed 2: 1. That is, the base and half of her solvent. It can also be mixed and 1: 1.
Mixing varnishes:
With varnishes, almost the same story as with acrylics. Varnish 2: 1C hardener and diluent from 0% to 20%. In the dependence of the cocoa, you need it.
All the above mentioned numbers are approximate, may vary under certain needs and work, and application technique. In general, see the instructions before use and the problems will not arise.
To accurately determine the viscosity of paint there is a special tool called the viscometer. The work of the viscometer: the viscometer is immersed in paint, get and flow over what time it is empty. As soon as the jet starts drip, stopwent stopped.
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Alkyd enamel - It is a paint material produced from alkyd resins. Such paints dry quickly, have the ability to mix with other solutions and are perfectly suitable for decorative purposes. This material can be used not only as staining, but also as an anti-corrosion primer. Dilute alkyd paint is most often necessary in order to save, for example, when the started bank was covered with a film.
Before use, this paint must necessarily dilute (with the exception of certain species, such as PF 15 and Extra). Solvents are the following types:
- White Spirit. This species has excellent indicators of dissolving oil origin elements, organic compounds of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen. White spirit is suitable for dilution even strongly-thickened enamel. The view is a colorless oily liquid with a smell of gasoline, sold in container from 10 to 216 liters.
- Xylene.. Fuel fluid, transparent or with a weak yellowish tint. It can be used both as a diluent, and as a high-octane additive for fuel. Xylene is also suitable for degreasing the surface before painting. You can also use in pure form, and mixing, with any other item.
- Solvent. Colorless product that is distinguished from oil raw materials. It is used not only as a solvent, but also as a cleaner and a degreaser. The solvent is part of a variety of paints and varnishes.
- Turpentine. It consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons (mostly terpene). One of the traditional means that is used for many years. Before the appearance of White Spirit, the turpentine was also the most popular.
- Solvent 646.. Most often used to dilute paintwork materials. It is a mixture of several substances: acetone, butyl acetate, ethyl and butyl alcohol. Its addition gives the paint a glossy effect, contributes to the formation of a high-quality film on the surface, which is very convenient when you need to quickly paint small areas. This tool is as active as possible, so it is necessary to work with it very carefully so as not to damage the bottom layer of paint.
The choice of solvent depends on the type of alkyd enamel:
Mode of application
When breeding paint, the diluting agent should be added in small portions, while stirring well. It helps to get the desired consistency. The optimal amount of solvent should be 15% of the total volume, otherwise the resin is possible and damage the material. Highly thickened enamel is first bred, stirred, leave for 3-4 hours, and then bring to the desistence of the dilute.
Almost all solvents are flammable, therefore should be stored in a closed container, in an inaccessible place for children. Open the containers with such liquids are allowed only to the tools that do not form a spark when strike.
When working with diluents, we must not forget about the precautionary measures: to wear a protective respiratory mask and gloves, since even a small ingress of substances on the skin can cause irritation. If the fluid still got into open areas of the skin, then they need to rinse with warm water with soap, and if on the mucous membrane or in the eye, then you need to quickly consult a doctor.
When fireing these liquids during operation, it is necessary to special fire extinguishing agents: air-mechanical or chemical foam from fire extinguishers. Water in this case is useless.
In the room in which work with diluting substances is underway, it is necessary to ensure good ventilation so that their pairs do not cause dizziness. If authemal is used in the garage, you must enable ventilation or open the doors, windows.
All solvents have a certain class of danger, for example, 646 is 3 class, which must be recorded in the instrument passport.
It should be noted that the high-quality diluting agent should not leave white and matte spots when working, it does not freeze and does not become viscous.
At first glance, the technology of using a solvent for automotive paint no difficulties in itself is not tatting. In the instructions, the manufacturer indicates relations, recommendations and accurate instructions - it is possible to make a mistake here by negligence and only. However, not any instruction printed on paper is the best solution, and writing it stimulates not only the desire to be restrained, but also the commercial component: most manufacturers recommend using their company products, i.e. Solvent is expensive and reliable. Meanwhile, the understanding of the principle of breeding enamel, the degree and quality of its influence on the result, allows most of expensive products to replace on domestic license products.
The principle of using solvents
The result of painting is a solid coating that protects the metal not only from corrosion, but also from small mechanical damage. However, the auto-email is supplied in a liquid form, and it is also required to dilute it to the surface to be applied to the surface. After applying automotive paints to the surface, there is no need for a solvent substance, i.e. It should evaporate. The evaporation rate is the first parameter for which the solvent can be classified:
- Fast - more often apply in winter.
- Universal - designed for transition seasons.
- Long (slow) - it is more logical to apply at elevated air temperature.
Enamel concentration is adjusted by the manufacturer even before the final packaging of the product. The reason lies in the suspension and the need to maintain some substances in the composition active before the start of work. The degree of enamel concentration indicates the abbreviation in the title: Ls (low-filled enamel - Low Solid), HD and HS, MS, UHS, VHS (high enamel - Very High Solid), etc. The best fullness gives the best transfer to the spray to the surface. The viscosity of substances is approximately the same, but the concentration of polymers is different, so different and volatility is not allowed to strong dilution of LS systems.
From how the thinner used the manufacturer, further breeding depends. Properly breed a substance with a suitable chemical composition, and even better - the same. Much depends on the basis: to dissolve acrylic enamel and acrylic varnish can be the same way. The limit concentrations and the most recommended composition is the same, because the acrylic varnish is an acrylic without coloring pigment.
Collecting paint solvent
The main components of the standard solvent - toluene, white spirit, solvent, xylene, butyl acetate, nephraz, etc. The difference between most diluting compositions lies in the ratio. Thus, for example, the most popular composition - No. 646, the main advantage and disadvantage of which in aggressiveness, which leads not to dilute the basis, but the composition of its composition. They need to use with great care, although for acrylic and most primers 646th is quite suitable. Despite the exact composition, the initial purity of the substances used in its manufacture may differ, so most of the painters use the 646th only for washing the pistols, where its aggressiveness finds good use.
The White Spirit acrylic enamel will not succeed, but it is great for dissolving shale, reversible and ordinary mastic. However, the main area of \u200b\u200bapplication of this substance is degreasing surfaces, since the domestic white spirit contains a large number of impurities falling into a precipitate after a year of standing on the shelf. It is possible to replace it on White spirit artistic.
The 647th solvent can be divorced nitrolac and nitroemal, designed to apply on the car. It is also necessary to use it with extreme caution due to aggressive composition. A slightly softer composition possesses No. 650, the use of which is recommended when working with most enamels and varnishes.
Alkid enamels are recommended to breed a multicomponent solvent P-4 consisting of a mixture of toluene, butyl acetate and acetone. It can be applied with enamels, based on which chlorinated polymers (hs and the HS). The latter can be brewed clean toluene and xylene.
Polar and non-polar solvents
Conditionally in modern products, two classes of substances can be distinguished: dissolving and diluting. Terminology is very foggy, but the difference between substances used to obtain a working viscosity may be serious. Before purchasing materials, you should familiarize yourself with the composition of the enamel and solvent. The substances in them should have the same polarity, as the polar and non-polar materials interact with each other in the worst vein. The most correct method of breeding is the dilution of the substance already used by the manufacturer (that is why it is recommended to use the products of the same manufacturer for breeding products).
Polar solvents are all alcohols, ketones and substances, in the molecular composition of which there is oxygen, such as water. Kerosene, White spirit and hydrocarbon compositions - non-polar substances. Therefore, the paint, diluted with water (water-soluble water-soluble acrylic), can be diluted with any ether and alcohol, but the White Spirit neoplar substances will be rejected. The difference between alcohol (in the composition of which is necessarily hydroxyls) and White-spirit (nephrase - a mixture of hydrocarbons) is huge and can not be replaced with each other.
Most enamels can be diluted with benzenes, oils, etc., xylenes, capable of working with substances of different polarity, possess the variation polarity. But acetone can only be used with other polar substances - with classic enamels it will conflict.
Proper paint breeding
The ratio of diluting and coloring substance is indicated on each bank. For example, if there is in the system of the activator, correctly not dilute acrylic strongly, and add only a small amount of diluting substance necessary for the convenience of applying. With respect to the finished composition, this is not more than 10-15% of the volume. You can replace acrylic solvent on P-12.
It is necessary to control the viscosity to the viscometer according to the indicated data, but the correct divided enamel is that it is better. You can determine this moment to the eye: if the paint is poured - diluted too much, dripping - diluted normally. The best control is trial staining, i.e. A small test after stirring the hardener and add solvent. There is no single instruction, each paintopult has its own characteristics: it should be putting with solid dense layers (drops) drying on the surface easily dissolved in each other. For the test, you can add the dissolving substance directly into the glass of the collapse and march the result.
The viscosity is directly related to the temperature and saturation of the air in pairs of water. Before you begin mixing, you need to have data about the air temperature in the chamber: when the ° C is 4-6 degrees from the room, the solution must be diluted stronger. In addition, it should be borne in mind that drying enamel starts immediately after contact with air, i.e. Its viscosity changes from the layer to the layer: if the temperature is high, and the work goes slowly, you will have to add a solvent to the ready-made paint.
To say that you are pleasantly surprised when you hear on the phone or read the cost of the local painting of the details of your car or, all the more complete painting, it means nothing to say.
Technology painting a car
And you need to paint. It has already been time to complete the painting of the car, or there was a situation where you need to do with it further. Output? There is always a way out. It is in painting the body of the car with his own hands. Do not worry, everything will turn out. Just before proceeding with painting, practice on the old body detail, which in excess around any garages.
Let's start with the fact that I will open "Mystery". Auto painting technology has general principles of actions, no matter whether you want to produce, or painting in Metallic, paint the body item or implement.
The difference will be only in the selection of materials for painting and time that you spend. Do not forget to turn on here material and time for training painting. A little longer, a little more of the materials, but the acquired experience is worth it.
So, the technology of painting cars we are consecrated to such directions:
- Stages of car painting.
- The order of car painting.
- Technique painting a car.
And conventionally because these directions of action can change or organically complement each other.
Stages of painting a car
Preparation of material and equipment. What do you need to paint the car? Materials for painting: putty, primer, paint and varnish depending on the area and your choice of car color. Standard.
The main elements of the equipment are: grinders with circles, construction hairdryer, paintopult, compressor, sandpaper, grinding plans.
Body preparation.This stage includes: a body washing, dismantling all that does not need painting, repair of body parts if necessary, preparation of the surface to spacious, spit, primer surface.
Everything, your car is ready to paint. But for this you need preparation. Instructions for painting the car directly indicates the presence of an ideal clear place when applying paint and varnish. Here we will make such a paint chamber from the garage.
Preparation of space. The stage of which is rarely said - this is the preparation of a room for painting. This place is the garage. The standard garage 3x6 is not suitable for full painting, but for the local painting of body parts it is perfect. Machinery car painting completely, requires at least 4x6 meters size.
I clean everything too much and produce general cleaning of the room. With a vacuum cleaner and "dichlorophos" in the summer. Thus, we eliminate the possibility of dust, garbage and insect to spoil your efforts on painting cars at the lacquer coating phase. Walls, floor, ceiling wet water. Puddles should not be anything, but also dry places.
As an option: Garage from the inside, after complete preparation of the body to paint, can be covered with a plastic film. For this you only need to have a tape and film.
Order painting car
The order of the car's painting for each master is yours, but, nevertheless, there are basic principles that should be adhered to. All removable details need to be removed and painted them locally. It concerns doors, optics, handles, moldings, etc. Those. The car body should remain "naked".
Painting parts need to start with internal or hidden surfaces. Outdoor painting is carried out last time, and it begins with the roof of the car.
Technique painting a car
The technique of painting a car for different types of painting is also no particularly different. If you use an aerosol cylinder to remove chips and cracks, the instruction on the application of the cylinder is shown on it.
When painting a car, paint is important to withstand general rules for painting. They do not differ in difficulty, but the quality of the layers depends on their implementation, and in the end, the appearance of the car.
- For applying paint. Recommended No. 1.4. It all depends on the paint.
- Choosing a compressor pressure. As a rule, the optimal is 2.5 - 3 atm.
- The distance of the sprouting nozzle from the stained surface is 150-250 mm.
- Layers of application. 2-3 paint layers are recommended. Movement of application must be uniform and it is important not to overdo it with a layer thickness to avoid inclination. Otherwise, this place will have to repaint completely. The gaps between the application of the layers should be 15-20 minutes for paint drying.
Opinion expert
Ruslan Konstantinov
Expert on automotive topics. He graduated from IzhSTU named after M.T. Kalashnikova in the specialty "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes." Experience professional car repair for more than 10 years.
After painting, the coating is subject to different impacts for several weeks, despite the fact that the lacquer is hardening after a couple of days. On average, it is better to not operate the car after painting at least one and a half weeks for optimal paint crystallization and creating a film on the surface. At this time, it is impossible to use brushes for dust sour cream, exclude direct sunlight and atmospheric precipitation. If there is no time to withstand the time, then it is worth avoiding trips through country tracks and long-distance. As for polishing, it is possible to engage in this procedure only a month after painting. Prior to that, it is possible to use conventional gentle care products with wax content.
Many motorists are wondering: when you can wash the car after painting and not harm the LCP. Wash the car and the more high pressure sinks can only after two weeks. Someone ishes the car after a couple of days, but in this case the likelihood of damage to the coating is high, especially if you wash it incorrectly. First of all, at least a month you need to exclude detergents with aggressive chemical composition, and household chemicals cannot be used. It is desirable at first to use a soft sponge and clean water, better if it is running. It is not necessary to wash the car in the sun, since water drops can become real lenses and heated separate sections, therefore, damaging LCP.
Here, in fact, this is the technology of painting a car. After painting in 98% of cases require a car.
Good luck to you, lovers of their car.
When painting a car, especially yourself, you need to know many nuances. First of all, attention should be paid to the choice of paint and prepare for the procedure. Most of them are not applied in the original state, a solvent for automotive paints is used for better effect. It is often used for breeding, as special diluents act a little differently.
Manufacturers can sell a whole kit for repainting the machine. For simple paint, for example, acrylic, the product itself will be available, solvent (extractant) and hardener. All components are mixed. But the coating with the Metallic effect is applied in two layers, so the set will consist of the base, diluent for it, hardener, transparent varnish and extractant for varnish.
The difference between the solvent and the special diluent is essential. Extragents are initially present in any paintwork materials. They affect their structure, diluting some resins and making them suitable for applying smooth and thin layer. Diluents are simply mixed with the composition and dilute to a certain viscosity.
As a result, the correctly selected mixture can best bring the dye to the correct state, since it is initially its component. The use of diluents will not give such a rainbow effect. Choosing, what solvents are used for automotive paint, it is worth considering the desired shade and rules of application.
There are many categories of various paints for cars, but only four major varieties became popular. They have various properties and deserve the love of car owners for various reasons.
Acrylic are two-component. They mix not only the diluent, but also a hardener. Color depth can be adjusted by the number of layers. They have such advantages:
- Do not burn out.
- Slow aging process.
- Do not require varnish.
- Easily applied.
- You can choose a softer or hard version.
- Quickly dry.
- Hold high temperatures.
- The shade is not very dependent on the layer thickness.
It gives a soft matte color with a small sampling. It does not cover top of the lacquer. Acrylic is easily polished to the selected state.
Alkyd enamels are used to dye cars much less often, they require more effort to obtain a specific result. From above, they are covered with an additional layer of transparent varnish and polish. It turns out an excellent brilliant coating with high operational properties. In them, dissolving compositions are used rather to reduce the dying period, as the additive evaporates quickly. They cost more, but also retain a good appearance longer, prevent the formation of corrosion, racks to aggressive environments.
Nitrocracies won the love of the consumer "mirror" effect. They turn out the original glossy body with a metallic reflections. The main disadvantage of this material is high toxicity during the procedure, so their use is gradually reduced.
Their use requires careful surface cleaning, as they can not be interfered with other species. But they will quickly dry and long-term.
Water-emulsion is environmentally friendly. They are characterized by such advantages:
- Can be applied to another coating.
- Do not require surface alignment.
- Press the surface perfect condition.
- Give a more thorough proscure.
- Do not repel water in the process of applying, therefore it is not extended.
- Long saved.
It also has disadvantages - it will dry for a long time and requires expensive equipment for proper application.
What solvent to choose for acrylic composition
It is best to use a specialized acrylic solvent for car paints. In no case cannot choose organic options, for example, 646,647 and so on. It is worth spending and acquire a specialized version from the same company, although it costs more. Then the effect will be much better.
If the budget does not provide such spending, then it is possible to replace similar in the composition. Extractor 651 or universal - P12 is perfect. It was used many times to acrylic varieties, so the result is guaranteed.
What solvent to choose for alkyd versions
Alkydes are divided into two grades depending on the resin, which are the basis. They are pentaftal (PF) and glyftaley (GF). They use a flying solvent for automotive paints - White spirit, gasoline, solvent, turbid or mixture thereof. It is necessary to choose a specific option depending on the marking, but there is a universal version - P-4.
What solvent to dilute nitroemal
Nitrocracy is best diluted with organic varieties. The composition of the 646 transparent color is suitable, which includes alcohols, hydrocarbons and esters. When working with this solution, it is necessary to comply with safety equipment, as it is easily flammable. It takes a bit, this is a fairly aggressive solvent for car paints. If the car owner does not want to risk, then the solvent R-4 can be used.
When selection of 646 makeup, it is necessary to be attentive - there is a marking of GOST and TU. Option TU is to adapt except for cleaning surfaces and collapices. This is a cheap, aggressive mixture that destroys the coating.
How to dilute the water emulsion mixtures
For them, as can be seen from the name, the dissolving substances should not be applied. The best options will be water or alcohol. You can try to choose a very soft composition based on alcohol or esters, but the result is unpredictable.
What solvent to flush an old coating with a car
The view of the extractant is chosen depending on the type of coating so as not to damage the basis and quickly cope with the task. For example, an acrylic solvent for automotive paints is suitable for acrylic varieties. For the rest, you can choose a common universal P-4 or more aggressive option - 646. You can also use White spirit or its analogues, but they hardly remove the varnish. It is better to choose them for the coloring layer.
The entire process of replacing the paintwork on the body requires care to the details and safety rules. Most solvent substances can be life-threatening, if not to apply precautionary measures - gloves and respirator, preferably protective suit. The room in which the mixture is bred and make applying, should be well ventilated.
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