For every private household, the installation of a heating system is considered one of the fundamental issues. Modern construction technologies offer two options: one-pipe or two-pipe system.
It is important here not to make a bad bargain, trying to reduce the cost of installation and purchase of materials. And only after understanding the principle of operation of these systems, with their advantages and disadvantages, you can make the right choice.
The operation of a one-pipe heating system follows fairly simple principles. There is only one closed pipeline through which the coolant circulates. Passing through the boiler, the medium heats up, and passing through the radiators gives them this heat, after which, cooled down, it enters the boiler again.
There is also one riser in a one-pipe system, and its location depends on the type of building. So, for one-story private houses, a horizontal scheme is best suited, while for multi-storey buildings, a vertical one.
Note! A hydraulic pump may be needed to pump the coolant through vertical risers.
Several improvements can be made to improve the efficiency of the one-pipe system. For example, install bypasses - special elements that are pipe sections connecting the direct and return pipes of the radiator.
This solution makes it possible to connect thermostats to the radiator that can control the temperature of each heating element, or completely disconnect them from the system. Another plus of bypasses is that they allow you to replace or repair individual heating elements without shutting down the entire system.
Installation features
In order for the heating system to give warmth to the owners of the house for many years, it is worth adhering to the following sequence of actions during the installation process:
- According to the developed project, the boiler is being installed.
- The pipeline is being installed. In places where the project provides for the installation of radiators and bypasses, tees are installed.
- If the system works on the principle of natural circulation, it is necessary to provide a slope of 3-5 cm for each meter of length. For a contour with forced circulation, a slope of 1 cm per meter of length will be sufficient.
- For systems with forced circulation, a circulation pump is installed. It should be borne in mind that the device is not designed for operation at high temperatures, so it would be better to install it near the return pipe inlet to the boiler. In addition, the pump must be connected to the electrical network.
- Installation of an expansion tank. An open-type tank should be located at the highest point of the system, a closed one - in any convenient place (most often it is mounted not far from the boiler).
- Installation of heating radiators. They weigh a lot (especially those filled with water), so they are fixed using special brackets, which, as a rule, are included in the kit. Installation is most often carried out under window openings.
- Additional devices are being installed - Mayevsky cranes, plugs, overlapping devices.
- The final stage is testing the finished system, for which water or air is supplied to it under pressure. If the tests do not reveal problem areas, the system is ready for operation.
In the process of designing a heating system, the question arises of how best to connect radiators - according to one-pipe scheme or two-pipe?
Each of the connection methods has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. To choose a wiring scheme correctly, you need to define it efficiency applied to your home. What is the difference between one- and two-pipe systems? And what are the criteria for making a choice?
Single-circuit heating circuit
The one-pipe system is the simplest option for connecting radiators and a boiler. It is used for heating small and medium-sized premises.
It has an important advantage - it gives the ability to organize work independently of the electric circulation pump.
Simplicity and independence from electricity are the main advantages of one-pipe wiring. How does it work?
Principle of operation
In a one-pipe system, the same pipe performs the function of supplying hot water and returning cold water. Main pipe connects in series all radiators. Moreover, in each of them, water loses some of the heat. Therefore, in a one-pipe heating circuit, there are hotter radiators - at the beginning, and cooler ones - at the end of the circuit.
Attention! The warmest rooms will be located immediately after the boiler. The rooms located in front of the boiler entrance will be cool. This must be taken into account when building a house.
With such a heating scheme, large rooms should be the first from the boiler - kitchen-dining rooms, halls. And the last are small bedrooms.
Arrangement
One-pipe wiring ideal for organizing the movement of the coolant by gravity... With the correct location of the heating devices, the water inside the pipes will move independently, without the help of a circulation pump. To do this, you need to organize significant difference in height between the boiler and the distributing header.
The boiler heating the coolant is located as low as possible- on the ground floor of the premises or in the basement.
The collector through which the heated water is distributed is placed as high as possible - under the ceiling of the upper floor or in the attic. Water rises from the boiler to the collector during the heating process.
When heated, it expands, becomes lighter and therefore - rises up. Then from the distributing manifold it enters the supply pipe, then into the radiators and returns to the heating boiler.
Reference! In heating a large house, a one-pipe circuit can be divided for several consecutive wiring. Moreover, they will all start from the distributing manifold and end in front of the boiler.
In addition to the boiler, distributing manifold and radiators, they must be built into the circuit expansion tank. The expansion coefficient of water depends on the amount of heating, with different heating the water expands in different ways. In this case, some of the coolant is displaced from the system. To collect and store the displaced water, install tank.
The main driving force of the coolant is temperature rise of water. The higher the temperature of the coolant, the greater the speed of water movement through the pipes. Also, the diameter of the pipes, the presence of corners and bends in them, the type and number of locking devices affect the rate of gravity. In such a system, only Ball Valves... Conventional valves, even in the open position, create an obstacle to the movement of water.
Vertical and horizontal layout: differences
More often a one-pipe scheme harvested at the level of one floor- in the horizontal plane.
Pipes are laid along the floor, connecting radiators in adjacent rooms located on the same floor. This layout is called horizontal.
Less often the scheme is assembled in a multi-storey building vertically... In this case, the pipes connect the rooms located one above the other. This heating scheme is called vertical. What is the difference between the two layouts, and which one is better for a private house?
Vertical layout:
- Requires specific batteries to be connected - elongated in height. Most of the radiators on the market are designed to be included in a horizontal system - they are lengthened in width. If the radiators are connected incorrectly, their efficiency decreases.
- Narrow vertical wiring batteries heat well small premises... And worse - large rooms.
- Is different low probability of pipe airing, the formation of air locks - air is removed through the vertical riser.
Attention! Vertical layout is optimal for a large number of floors with small areas of rooms.
Horizontal wiring:
- Provides great choice of radiators.
- Works more efficiently vertical, due to the physics of the movement of the coolant through the pipes.
Horizontal wiring is used when arranging heating on the same floor. In a multi-storey building, water flows between floors through a vertical riser. Thus, for two- or three-storey cottage optimal would be combined system with elements of vertical and horizontal wiring.
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Pros and cons of Leningrad
Let's list the advantages of one-pipe heating:
- Simple and inexpensive arrangement which provides a small number of pipes, connectors, pipes and other accessories in the system.
- Ideal circuit for water movement by gravity and for organizing gravity heating system, without the need for the circulation pump.
Disadvantages:
- Uneven heating rooms - there are hot and cool rooms.
- Not suitable for organizing heating of large houses, the area of which more than 150 sq.m, or in the heating system of which there is a built-in more than 20 radiators.
- Large pipe diameter makes unaesthetic their view on the walls.
Dual-circuit battery wiring
A two-pipe heating system differs from a one-pipe heating system by the division into two pipes - supply and return of the coolant. It provides uniform heating of all rooms. This layout is used in most new homes.
Principle of operation
In a two-pipe scheme, water from the boiler flows to the radiators via supply pipe (line).
Near each radiator, the supply line has a connecting inlet pipe through which the coolant enters the battery. The supply line ends near the last radiator.
In addition to the inlet pipe, each radiator has a outlet branch pipe. He connects it to the return pipe. The return line starts from the first battery and ends with the entrance to the boiler.
Thus, the heated water enters the radiators. evenly and at the same temperature. From each radiator, water is discharged into the return pipe, where it is collected and supplied to the boiler for subsequent heating. Thanks to this movement of the coolant, all rooms in the room are heated equally.
What is the difference
A two-pipe heating system includes elements of a one-pipe system and additional devices. In addition to the boiler, radiators, pipes for supplying and collecting water (the so-called return), the two-pipe scheme also includes circulation pump.
The long length of the lines, the presence of corners and bends in the supply pipes complicates the movement of the coolant. That's why is necessary his forced circulation electric pump.
Photo 1. Circulation pump model 32-40, voltage 220 Volt, manufacturer - "Oasis", China.
Also in the two-pipe scheme there is more taps, regulating the supply of water and its amount. Such a crane is installed in front of each radiator - at the inlet and outlet.
Location classification
In a horizontal two-pipe system, pipes connect the radiators horizontally. This scheme works in heating one-storey house or one floor of a multi-storey cottage.
In a vertical two-pipe system, pipes connect radiators located one above the other in one "riser". At the same time, there are differences from the one-pipe vertical scheme. Here - due to the presence of a supply and return pipe, they can be used in vertical heating batteries of any width — multisection(since the supply and return risers can be removed from each other). Therefore, the efficiency of two-pipe vertical heating is higher.
Reference! It is desirable that the batteries of rooms located one above the other have the same number of sections. This makes it easier to lay a vertical return pipe.
Lower and upper strapping: which is more efficient
The term "bottom" and "top" strapping means method of connecting batteries to the system heating. With the bottom piping, the incoming water enters the battery through the bottom pipe.
If it comes out of the radiator also at the bottom, then the efficiency of the radiator will be reduced. by 20-22%.
If the outlet pipe is located at the top, then the efficiency of the radiator will be reduced. by 10-15%. In any case, with the lower water supply to the batteries, the heating efficiency is reduced.
With top piping (supply), the inlet pipe is connected to the radiator at the top. In this case, the movement of the coolant is organized more efficiently, the battery will work by 97-100% (97% - if the inlet and outlet pipes are located on the same side of the radiator, and 100% - if the inlet pipe is on one side from the top, and the outlet pipe is on the other side from the bottom).
Advantages and disadvantages
Dignity:
- Suitable for organizing heating large private houses, while the circulation pump necessarily crashes into the system.
- Heats all rooms on the floor or in the riser evenly.
disadvantages:
- Bypasses expensive one-pipe system, since twice as much materials are required - pipes between the boiler and radiators, as well as connecting devices, taps, valves.
- An electric circulating pump makes the system work dependent on the availability of electricity.
Important! An increase in the number of pipes and the amount of coolant in the system - leads to increase in hydrodynamic resistance and does not allow water to move by gravity... Forced circulation and a working circulation pump are required.
It is possible to decide which heating system is better, one-pipe or two-pipe, after analyzing the design features, pros and cons of each option. In any case, it is necessary to make a verdict at the construction design stage. is a rather complex structure. Redesigning it after finishing work is difficult, and sometimes impossible. Consider the difference between two different approaches to the arrangement of heating buildings using boilers, batteries and piping.
This option is used in cases where it is necessary to carry out communications quickly and with minimal costs.
It is used in residential, private and industrial construction. A feature of this solution is the absence of a water return line. The batteries are connected in series, the assembly is carried out in a short time and does not require complex preliminary calculations.
How does a one-pipe line work
In such structures, the coolant is supplied to the upper point and flows downward, successively passing through the heating elements. When arranging a multi-storey building, it is practiced to install an intermediate pump that creates the necessary pressure in the supply pipe to push hot water along a closed circuit.
Given a low house height and a limited number of heat consumers, water circulation is sufficiently efficient.
Vertical and horizontal schemes
The construction of a one-pipe line is carried out in a vertical and horizontal orientation. Vertical distribution is installed in buildings with two or more floors. The coolant is supplied to the radiators, starting from the topmost one. The horizontal heating main is most often used for the arrangement of single-level buildings - houses, summer cottages, warehouses, offices and other commercial facilities.
The layout of the pipeline assumes a horizontal arrangement of the riser with its sequential supply to the batteries.
Advantages and disadvantages
The single-pipe design of the heating main has the following advantages:
- Installation is carried out quickly, which is important with modern requirements for the pace of construction. In addition, the appearance of a one-pipe collector with a height of several meters is superior in comparison with a complex system of two lines.
- Small budget. The cost calculation shows that the construction requires a minimum number of pipes, fittings and fittings.
- If consumers are installed on a bypass, then it becomes possible to regulate the heat balance separately in each room.
- The use of modern locking devices makes it possible to modernize and improve the line. This allows replacing radiators, inserting devices, and other improvements without a long shutdown of the system and draining water from it.
This design also has its drawbacks:
- The sequential arrangement of the batteries does not exclude the possibility of adjusting the heating temperature in them separately. This entails cooling all other radiators.
- Limited number of batteries on one line. It is impractical to put more than 10 of them, since at the lower levels the temperature will be below the permissible level.
- The need to install a pump. This event requires additional cash investments. The power plant can cause water hammer and damage to the lines.
- In a private house, you will need to install an expansion tank with a valve to bleed air. And this requires a place and carrying out insulation measures.
Two-pipe heating system
This design has a more complex structure, but also differs in efficiency and functionality.
The invested funds are compensated by the comfort for people, ease of maintenance and modernization.
Principle of operation and scheme of work
They are two risers and radiators located between them, underfloor heating and other heat consumers. The supply is carried out along one line, along the return line, the cooled liquid returns to the boiler. That is why such structures are called two-pipe.
Classification: lower and upper wiring
There are two types of systems according to the location of the highways. The choice is made based on the features of the structure and the possibility of allocating areas for additional equipment. Two-pipe communications are classified as vertical for high-rise buildings and horizontal for one-story buildings.
According to the location of the piping, the systems are divided into upper and lower ones, regardless of where the radiators are installed.
In the case of the upper version, the entire interchange is settled in the attic or on the technical floor of the building. At the same time, the expansion tank is being installed, which is carefully insulated. After the boiler, a pump is mounted that supplies the coolant to the upper level.
In the case of a lower wiring, the hot riser is located above the return. The heating boiler is installed in the basement or on the ground floor with a recess below the floor. An upper air line is connected to the pipeline to bleed air from the radiators.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantages of the two-pipe design are as follows:
- Simultaneous transfer of the coolant to consumers allows you to adjust the temperature individually in each room. If necessary, the radiators are completely closed if the room is not used for a long time.
- The ability to remove individual devices for repair or replacement without shutting off the heat supply to the remaining batteries. For this, ball valves are used, with the help of which the flow of water at the inlet and outlet of the radiator is shut off.
- No need to install a centrifugal pump. Water rises up from the boiler due to the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet.
- The choice of a passing or dead-end design option. This makes it possible to balance the heat distribution without making constant adjustments and adjustments.
The design flaws are as follows:
- The use of more pipes and components in the construction. This leads to the complication of construction, increased costs of finance and time.
- Increase in cost if the line is made of steel or aluminum. The use of reinforced polypropylene pipes significantly reduces the construction budget.
- Not everyone likes the abundance of communications in the interior. They can be hidden in walls or boxes. And these are additional costs and difficulties with maintenance.
What's better?
What to choose: a one- or two-pipe structure, it is up to the master to decide individually. Each of them has its own positive negative properties associated with the design, construction, maintenance and improvements.
For a small house with a height of up to three floors, the option with one riser can be an ideal solution when a high-quality result is achieved with minimal investment. But, it should be remembered that in such cases, the process of installing additional equipment and replacing radiators that have served their purpose becomes much more difficult.
How to remake a one-pipe in two?
The two-pipe system is significantly more efficient in many respects. makes the process of its construction simple and inexpensive. Alteration will not be difficult, but it will require sacrificing the repairs carried out, since you will have to install and gradually build up the return riser and connect batteries to it.
Another option is to install bypasses for consumers closest to the boiler in order to reduce their temperature and increase the flow of coolants to the final radiators.
If you have any experience in this field, please share it. You will render a valuable service to craftsmen who have not yet made a choice in favor of one or another option for heating their homes.
A fireplace or stove can cope with heating a small country house, but such a solution is unacceptable for a cottage. It is pleasant to spend an evening by the fireplace, but every day kindling firewood in all rooms is tedious and irrational. The most affordable type of fuel should become the power source for the heating system in a private house, especially if you are going to do it yourself:
- Electricity.
- Coal.
- Briquettes of peat and shavings.
- Firewood.
- Liquid fuel (diesel fuel, fuel oil, diesel fuel).
Water heating
This is the most common system in which water or other non-freezing liquid circulates through pipes. The type of boiler depends on what kind of fuel you have. The system is a boiler and a closed circuit of pipes, brought to the premises. Heating of the rooms is provided by radiators, the cooled water flows back into the boiler.
pros
- Coolant availability.
- Constant volume of water in the system.
- Easy to install.
- Uniform heating of all rooms along the contour.
Minuses
- Caring for radiators, the heat transfer of which decreases due to pollution.
- Slow warming up of premises.
- Potential pipe leakage due to corrosion.
- Requirements for the purity of the water in the system.
- The system must constantly work in cold weather, otherwise the water may freeze and the pipes will burst.
Scheme
The scheme of water heating of a private house with your own hands looks like this:
Water heating with a gas boiler is a proven traditional system. Most private homes are heated this way. For a house in which you live permanently, this system is suitable, but it is too expensive to heat a summer cottage.
Air heating
The house is heated with hot air, which can be heated by steam, hot water, heat from fuel combustion, electricity. In the system, warm air from the air heater enters the premises through the duct.
Heaters for air heating are presented on the Russian market:
- Fan coil units operating with hot water. Almost all of the presented units of American, European or Asian production are intended for office buildings, although units for private houses can also be found.
- Gas air heaters.
- Diesel or solid fuel heaters.
- Electric heaters-airhandlers are installed in air conditioners with a fan. Electric heaters usually work with a heat pump.
pros
- Problems with the coolant are excluded, that is, the system cannot leak or freeze.
- Convenient room humidification is possible.
- Air conditioning and ventilation in the house.
- The efficiency reaches 90%.
- Rapid air heating.
Minuses
- High price.
- A fairly large area is required to install the generator.
- Relatively low heat dissipation.
Private houses are heated with air only in 30% of cases, which is mainly explained by the high cost of installation and maintenance. For a country house, DIY air heating can be very convenient, provided there is an uninterrupted power supply.
Induction system
Modern and economical equipment operating on the principle of electromagnetic induction. A coil of wire, when an electric current passes through, forms a strong electromagnetic field and heats up the ferromagnet. In the case of a heater, the coil is wound on a pipe made of a special material with a steel core. The device is connected to a system filled with a heat carrier (water, oil, ethylene glycol), which, when heated, rises and starts the operation of the circuit.
In industry, using this method, steel has been melted for two hundred years, that is, the principle has been known for a long time and the technology cannot be called new.
pros
- Durability. Induction heaters have a warranty of 10 years or more. The absence of moving elements in the system excludes mechanical wear.
- Scale does not form in the heating system of a private house, therefore an induction boiler is equally effective in the first and tenth year of operation.
- Complete noiselessness of work. There are no pumps in the system, so the electric boiler is quiet.
- To install an induction heater, additional space is not required, and the installation can be done by hand.
- Fast heating of the coolant due to the absence of insulation - the rod heats the coolant.
Minuses
- High price. Factory models are made using modern materials, and this explains the high cost. An induction boiler can be built independently, but in terms of efficiency it will be inferior to factory samples.
- A boiler with a capacity of over 7 kW requires a 380 V.
- If the water supply to the system is interrupted, the equipment will overheat and fail. To avoid breakdowns, the system must be equipped with a pressure sensor and an automatic device shutdown.
Geothermal system
A non-standard approach to solving the problem of heating a country house. New technologies make it possible to use the energy potential of the earth by installing a geothermal home heating system with your own hands. Up to 98 percent of solar energy is accumulated in the ground; even in winter, heat is retained deep in the ground.
Special equipment helps deliver energy to homes for heating.
Geothermal heating in a simplified scheme looks like a heat pump and heat exchanger, working on the principle of an air conditioner. The heat pump is included in the inner and outer circuits. Internal - heating system from ordinary pipes and radiators in the house. The external circuit (heat exchanger) is located underground. Heat carriers - water or liquid with antifreeze. The pump can operate as a heater or air conditioner.
pros
- The geothermal heater can be installed in any location.
- The system does not pose any danger to humans and the environment
- You can get unlimited heat.
- Minimum operating costs.
- You get geothermal heat for free, but you will have to pay for the operation of a pump powered by the mains - a kilowatt of electricity provides 3-5 kW of heat.
Minuses
- High cost of equipment and installation. The heating system will pay off in 7-8 years.
- It is problematic to build a geothermal installation on your own, since the structure is located at a depth of about 100 meters and requires special equipment.
- Horizontal structures run below the freezing level of the soil, but the collector occupies large areas. For example, to heat a house of 200 sq. m. requires the use of heat from 500 sq. m of soil not shaded by trees and other buildings.
An innovative technology that is becoming more and more popular in the world every day. If you are interested in this heating system, take the choice of equipment seriously, calculate the area, power, find a suitable place for installation. The solar heating system will last more than 25 years, and with continuous operation it will pay off in three years.
Solar panels in a country house are used to generate electricity. This type of heating is best used for electric heaters and underfloor heating.
pros
- No fuel costs.
- Environmental Safety.
- Ease of operation and the ability to install solar heating of a private house with your own hands.
- Photovoltaic cells and equipment are becoming affordable.
Minuses
- On cloudy days, little energy is produced.
- Expensive equipment and installation.
- The need for complex calculations and correct installation of elements.
- A number of installation conditions: roof at an angle of 30 degrees, no trees and buildings shading the roof, favorable climate.
Steam heating
The old heating method has not lost its relevance against the background of innovative systems. The heat carrier is steam, the installation of the heating system is simple. The source is a steam boiler, from which heat enters the pipes and radiators of the reduction and cooling equipment or a steam turbine. When cooled, the steam turns into condensate and returns back.
In theory, you can build steam heating yourself, but boilers are not installed in private homes. The boiler is very large, the steam temperature exceeds 100 ° C, the operation requires a professional approach. Traditionally, this is how enterprises are heated in the production process of which steam is used, and its surplus is used for heating.
The reliability of operation and temperature significantly depend on the quality of the boiler in this system, therefore it should be chosen taking into account the area and structural features. Steam boilers operate on various fuels: liquid, solid, combined, natural gas.
pros
- The relative cheapness of the boiler.
- Fast heating of the room.
- Heat retention in the system.
Minuses
- The bulkiness and danger of steam boilers if used improperly.
- Heating of heaters to high temperatures.
- The impossibility of smooth regulation of the temperature in the room.
- Noise is generated when filling the system with steam.
- Complex installation of the system.
Electric heating
A well-known heating system with the use of electrical appliances, in which heat is generated by the current passing through the conductor. Often the electrical system is used as an auxiliary one, but if there is no gas in the house, it can also be the main one.
pros
- Ecological cleanliness.
- Easy installation.
- Heating devices can be freely rearranged to any room with electrical wiring.
Minuses
- The need to pay for the consumed electricity, the consumption of which will be high.
- When the power supply is cut off, the heating system does not work.
- Oxygen burns out during the operation of electrical appliances, so the premises should be ventilated as often as possible.
In summer cottages and in small houses, electric heating is often used, but heating a large house will require a large consumption of electricity. If you decide to choose this particular system as the simplest and does not require special knowledge for self-assembly, take care of high-quality thermal insulation at home.
Heating system "Leningradka"
This heating system is very popular due to its relatively simple installation, not too high a price and the ability to regulate the air temperature in each individual room.
One-pipe scheme with sequential installation of radiators on the circuit. The piping can be horizontal or vertical. From the boiler, the coolant enters the network and returns to the heating boiler. You can install as many radiators in your home as you need to heat a particular room.
To optimize the operation of the system, it is advisable to equip the Leningradka with control and shut-off devices, as well as a circulation pump.
pros
- The ability to set the desired temperature in each room without completely disconnecting from the heating system.
- If it becomes necessary to repair one heater, you can turn it off, while the rest of the system will continue to work.
- The radiators heat up quickly and evenly.
- Small diameter pipes are used for installation, which saves money.
Minuses
- Installation of the pump ensures the full functioning of the system, but requires financial costs, incl. to pay for electricity.
- In the event of a power outage, the system does not work as the pump stops.
Scheme
The "Leningradka" scheme for heating a private house with your own hands looks like this:
Instead of a conclusion
The main criteria for choosing a heating system for a private house are: the availability of an energy carrier and the possibility of autonomous operation, for example, in the event of a power outage. Installation and start-up of a heating system is a difficult and responsible business, so if you are enthusiastic, but do not have sufficient knowledge, it is better to entrust the task to the masters.
In no case do not try to act on a whim or by eye, since inaccuracies at best will lead to inefficiency of the system, and at worst - to an accident with unpredictable consequences.
When planning the construction of his own home, the future owner chooses a heating system. A country house is heated in several ways. If you choose one of them correctly, heating will be efficient and inexpensive.
However, there are several factors to consider. These include energy cost and availability as well as features installation and operation.
Permanence of residence is important: if the house is used only several months of the year, it makes no sense to install expensive heating equipment.
Bake
People heat their homes with ovens for many centuries.
During this time, many effective designs have been created that allow not only to keep warm, but also to prepare a wide variety of food or heat water for household needs.
A home heating stove is a device for burning solid fuel(firewood, coal, peat, wood waste pellets). It is built from stone, brick or welded from metal.
Any stove has a fuel chamber, a blower, channels for exhausting flue gases and a chimney. Fuel for heating is put into the firebox on the grate. Air enters through the bottom of the blower. Hot flue gases are removed through a duct into the chimney. The heating stove is complemented by hob and oven for cooking and heating water.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of stove heating:
- Low cost construction and operation.
- For stove heating no electricity, water or gas supply required. Firewood, coal and peat are inexpensive and are harvested almost everywhere.
- Since the oven does not have a liquid heat carrier, it does not need to be constantly heated. This option is suitable for a summer residence that residents rarely visit.
- Many combined design options allow heat the room, cook food, dry herbs, clothes, mushrooms and berries, warm up the water.
- Homeowner can choose typical or individual project... Many firms and individual craftsmen are ready to build a custom-made oven.
Cons of heating with stoves:
- The stove takes up quite a lot of space (2 and more sq. M). For uniform heating, it is usually placed in the center of the house.
- Warm up the room quickly with such heating impossible... Brick or masonry is warming up several hours, but after heating it gives off heat for a long time.
- Heat transfer efficiency small... Increased by lengthening the canals.
- Unable to install automation... All maintenance of the heating system is done manually.
- Furnace design planning when designing a house. This is done only by qualified specialists.
- Firewood for the stove is harvested and dried in advance... For their storage, a special room or shed is being built.
Fireplace
Usually fireplaces are built in living room... This ancient heating device is quite widespread in private homes, but it is used to heat only one room. Few homeowners realize that a fireplace is perfectly capable of heating an entire space.
Correct installation
The design is hearth with an expanded firebox and without a front wall. The flue gases leave it directly into the chimney. This device has no heating medium.
Heat is transferred into the room by radiation from the flame, as well as through the heated side walls and the fireplace mantel. After a little improvement, the fireplace is used to heat the whole house.
Heat transfer to other rooms is done in two ways:
- Heated air flow.
- Water through the pipes.
In the first method, air passes through heating metal pipes in the fireplace, and then enters through the air ducts into the rooms on the second floor. Thus, heat is efficiently transferred by gravity to the second floor and 3-4 m to the sides... This is enough to heat a small house. At a distance more than 4 m the air is supplied by a blower fan installed next to the fireplace.
In the second, the fireplace is combined with a conventional water heating system. In this case, the heat source is pipes mounted in the firebox. Through them, the pump pumps water and pumps it into the batteries installed in the rooms.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of fireplace heating:
- Does not require heating agent... Its role is played by the air itself.
- Heat generation does not depend from filing electricity.
- Heating of rooms starts immediately after melting fireplace. Warming up the premises takes only a few minutes.
- Operating costs small and depend mainly on the cost of firewood or coal.
Cons of fireplace heating:
- Only two-story houses with an area of up to 150 m². With more - it is required fan, which makes noise during operation and depends on the availability of electricity.
- When the fireplace goes out, the building loses heat quickly.
- The air flow brings into the rooms dust.
Water heating differs from a fireplace in the following positive aspects:
- Automatically adjusts using heating fittings.
- Heat transfer is also possible in rooms remote from the fireplace.
Disadvantages of hot water heating:
- The water heating system requires qualified installation and is more expensive than air.
- Heating depends on power supply, since the coolant is pumped by an electric pump.
- If the room is used as a temporary dwelling, the pipes have to be filled non-freezing liquid.
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Water heating
The heat source in this case is gas, solid fuel or electric boilers, and heat is transferred by a liquid heat carrier.
Water or antifreeze is heated in the boiler heat exchanger and enters the rooms through pipes, where it gives off heat to radiators heating the air in the room.
The supply of coolant in this heating system is carried out in a natural way: expansion during heating and lifting into the storage tank or forcibly (by pump).
Should I choose
Positive aspects of water heating:
- Gas or electric boiler system automatically adjusts. It is enough to set the required temperature on the thermostat, and it will be maintained.
- High efficiency. Modern gas and electric boilers are economical, almost completely consuming fuel energy for heating.
Negative sides of a water heating system:
- Water heating depends on gas and electricity supply. In the event of a shutdown, the boiler is blocked. You have to start it again manually. Only a system with a solid fuel boiler and natural circulation works autonomously without electricity and gas.
- Is different complexity, therefore, requires specialist calculations and correct installation. This is related to its high cost.
- During long outages, the water freezes in the pipes, so it has to be replaced with expensive antifreeze.
Gas convectors
The heating device has a high economy and convenience... Gas convectors are installed under the windowsill on the wall in every room.
Photo 1. Gas convector model Breeze 4C, power 4 kW, manufacturer "Danko", Ukraine.
The gas entering the convector through the pipes burns in it, and the combustion products are removed through the chimney in the wall. Heat is transferred to heat exchanger directly to air without additional heat carrier. Modern gas convectors are equipped with a control system that regulates the combustion of gas depending on the air temperature in the room. Natural or liquefied gas is used for heating.
There are two types of gas convectors:
- fan;
- without fan.
Attention! Ventilators are used for heating non-residential premises, because the fan creates noise. But they are distinguished by a more even distribution of warm air.
Advantages and disadvantages
Positive aspects of heating with gas convectors:
Negative sides of gas convectors:
- Addiction from gas and electricity supplies... When disabled, the convector is blocked.
- Needed qualified gas distribution in premises in compliance with fire safety rules.
Electric convectors
These heating devices most accessible... No special placement conditions are required. It is enough to independently install the electric convector and connect it to the mains. There are three types of such devices:
- floor(installed on wheels, on which they are moved to a convenient place).
- wall-mounted;
- mounted under the floor.
The heat source of the electric convector is tubular electric heater (TEN)... This is a metal tube, inside which a nichrome wire is stretched, isolated from the walls by quartz filling or ceramics. Electric current heats up the heating element, and the heating element gives off heat to the air. Modern devices are also equipped with thermostat, air filter and air ionizer. The floor-standing version contains a sensor that turns off the heating device if it falls.
Photo 2. Electric convector model Standart, power - 2.5 kW, manufacturer "Roda", Germany.
Advantages and disadvantages
Pluses of electric convectors:
- Ease of installation and lack of specific requirements.
- Compactness... Floor convectors are invisible after installation.
- Uniform heating air, especially in combination with underfloor heating.
- The operation of these devices is controlled by a thermostat automatically.
- High efficiency, fast warming up of the room.
Cons of electric convectors:
- Dependence electricity.
- High price heating.
Heat pump
This term refers to a heating system based on transfer of heat from the external environment to the room. Such units are still rarely installed in private houses, but their prevalence is increasing.
Any heat pump is designed in the same way as a refrigeration unit. The difference between these devices is why heat is taken away and where it is transferred. The refrigerator absorbs heat in an enclosed space and emits it to the outside, while a heat pump transfers heat energy into the room.
A well known example of a heat pump is heated air conditioner... In summer, its indoor unit operates in the evaporator mode, and the outdoor unit serves as a condenser.
In winter, the heat pump mode is switched, as a result of which the outdoor unit becomes the evaporator, and the indoor unit turns into a condenser. Thus, a heating air conditioner is a universal heat pump.
There are also heat pumps operating only for heating. The evaporator of such a unit is placed in the ground or in the nearest body of water, and the condensers are placed in the rooms of the house. The heating system is full refrigerant which is pumped by the compressor. The heat pump is controlled by an electronic unit that maintains a constant temperature in the premises.
Advantages and disadvantages
Heat pump advantages:
- High efficiency. The unit does not generate heat, but only transfers it. So, with the power of the pump electric motor 1 kW, heat output of the unit reaches 4-5 kW.
- No need for fuel.
- Environmental purity.
- Switching capability for cooling in summer time.
Cons of a heat pump:
- Dependence supply of electricity.
- To lay the evaporator you need large area of the site or reservoir.
- Individual design requires the services of specialists.
- High price.
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