Gost test for fire resistance of building structures. Structures construction fire test methods general requirements

GOST 30247.0-94

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS
Fire test methods

General requirements

Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission
on standardization and technical regulation
in construction (MNTKS)

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Scientific Research and Design Experimental Institute for Complex Problems of Building Structures and Structures named after V.A. Kucherenko (TsNIISK named after Kucherenko) SSC RF "Construction" of the Ministry of Construction of Russia jointly with the All-Russian Research Institute of Fire Defense (VNIIPO) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the Center for Fire Research and Thermal Protection in Construction TsNIISK (TsPITZS TsNIISK).

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (ISTC) on November 17, 1994

State name	The name of the government building authority
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia	State Supraarchitecture of the Republic of Armenia
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Minarhstroy of the Republic of Moldova
The Russian Federation	Ministry of Construction of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan

3.2 The limit of fire resistance of the structure is according to the CMEA 383-87 standard.

3.3 Limiting state of a structure in terms of fire resistance - the state of a structure in which it loses the ability to maintain one of its fire-fighting functions.

4 ESSENCE OF TEST METHODS

The essence of the methods is to determine the time from the beginning of the thermal effect on the structure in accordance with this standard to the onset of one or several sequential fire resistance limit states, taking into account the functional purpose of the structure.

5 STAND EQUIPMENT

5.1 Bench equipment includes:

Test furnaces with a fuel supply and combustion system (hereinafter furnaces);

Devices for mounting the sample on the furnace, ensuring compliance with the conditions for its attachment and loading;

Systems for measuring and recording parameters, including equipment for film, photo or video filming.

5.2 Test ovens

5.2.1 Test furnaces shall be capable of testing specimens of structures under the required loading, bearing, temperature and pressure conditions specified in this standard and in standards for test methods for specific types of structures.

If it is not possible to test samples of design dimensions, their dimensions and furnace openings should be such as to ensure the conditions of thermal effect on the sample, regulated by the standards for fire resistance testing methods for specific types of structures.

The depth of the fire space of the furnaces must be at least 0.8 m.

5.2.3 The design of the oven masonry, including its outer surface, should provide the ability to install and secure the sample, equipment and fixtures.

5.2.4 The temperature in the oven and its deviations during the test shall comply with the requirements of this standard.

5.2.5 The temperature regime of the furnaces must be ensured by burning liquid fuel or gas.

5.2.6 The combustion system should be regulated.

5.2.7 The flame of the burners should not touch the surface of the tested structures.

Loading and deformation parameters when testing load-bearing structures;

The temperature of the samples, including on the unheated surface of the enclosing structures - the loss of the integrity of the enclosing structures.

The soldered end of the thermocouple should be positioned 100 mm from the sample surface.

The distance from the soldered end of the thermocouples to the furnace walls must be at least 200 mm.

The method of fixing the thermocouples on the test specimen of the structure must ensure the accuracy of measuring the specimen temperature within + -5%

In addition, a portable thermocouple equipped with a holder or other technical means may be used to determine the temperature at any point on an unheated surface of a structure where the highest temperature rise is expected.

5.4.5 It is allowed to use thermocouples with a protective casing or with other diameters of electrodes, provided that their sensitivity is not lower and the time constant is not higher than that of thermocouples made in accordance with and.

5.4.6 To record the measured temperatures, instruments with an accuracy class of at least 1 should be used.

5.4.7 Instruments intended for measuring the pressure in the furnace and recording the results must ensure a measurement accuracy of + -2.0 Pa.

5.4.8 Measuring devices should provide continuous recording or discrete recording of parameters with an interval of not more than 60 s.

The dimensions of the tampon should be 100 ´ 100 ´ 30 mm, weight from 3 to 4 g. Prior to use, the tampon is kept in a drying cabinet for 24 hours at a temperature of 105 ° C + - 5 ° C. The tampon should not be removed from the drying cabinet earlier; than 30 minutes before the start of the test. Re-use of the tampon is not allowed.

5.5 Calibration of bench equipment

5.5.1 Calibration of furnaces consists in controlling the temperature field and pressure in the furnace volume. In this case, a calibration sample is placed in the opening of the furnace for testing structures.

5.5.2 The design of the calibration sample must have a fire resistance limit of at least the time of calibration.

5.5.3 A calibration sample for furnaces intended for testing enclosing structures shall be made of a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of at least 150 mm.

5.5.4 A calibration sample for furnaces intended for testing rod structures must be made in the form of a reinforced concrete column with a height of at least 2.5 m with a cross section of at least 0.04 m2.

5.5.5 Duration of calibration - not less than 90 minutes.

6 TEMPERATURE MODE

6.1 During testing and calibration in test furnaces, a standard temperature regime should be created, characterized by the following dependence:

Table 1

When testing structures made of non-combustible materials on separate furnace thermocouples, after 10 minutes of testing, a temperature deviation from the standard temperature regime is allowed by no more than 100 ° C.

For other designs, such deviations should not exceed 200 ° C.

7 SAMPLES FOR STRUCTURE TESTS

7.1 Structural test specimens shall have design dimensions. If it is not possible to test samples of such dimensions, then the minimum dimensions of the samples are taken according to the standards for testing the corresponding types of structures, taking into account.

7.2 Materials and details of samples to be tested, including butt joints of walls, partitions, ceilings, coatings and other structures, must comply with the technical documentation for their manufacture and use.

At the request of the testing laboratory, the properties of materials of construction, if necessary, are controlled on their standard samples, made specifically for this purpose from the same materials simultaneously with the manufacture of structures. Before testing, control standard samples of materials must be in the same conditions as experimental samples of structures, and their tests are carried out in accordance with current standards.

7.3 The moisture content of the sample must meet specifications and be dynamically balanced with the environment with a relative humidity of (60 + - 15)% at a temperature of 20 ° C + - 10 ° C.

The moisture content of the sample is determined directly on the sample or on its representative part.

To obtain dynamically balanced humidity, natural or artificial drying of samples is allowed at an air temperature not exceeding 60 ° C.

7.4 For testing a structure of the same type, two identical specimens shall be made.

The samples must be accompanied by the necessary set of technical documentation.

7.5 When carrying out certification tests, the sampling of samples should be made in accordance with the requirements of the adopted certification scheme.

8. PERFORMANCE OF TESTS

8.1 Tests are carried out at an ambient temperature in the range from + 1 to + 40 ° C and at an air velocity of no more than 0.5 m / s, unless the conditions for using the structure require other test conditions.

The ambient temperature and air velocity are measured at a distance of at least 1 m from the sample surface.

The temperature in the oven and in the room should be stabilized 2 hours before the start of the test.

8.2 During the test, the following shall be recorded:

The time of the onset of limiting states and their type ();

Temperature in the furnace, on the unheated surface of the structure, as well as in other pre-installed places;

Overpressure in the furnace during testing of structures, the fire resistance of which is determined by the limit states specified in and;

Deformations of supporting structures;

Time of appearance of a flame on an unheated sample surface;

The time and nature of cracks, holes, delamination, as well as other phenomena (for example, violation of support conditions, the appearance of smoke).

The given list of measured parameters and recorded phenomena can be supplemented and changed in accordance with the requirements of test methods for specific types of structures.

8.3 The test should be continued until one or, if possible sequentially, all the limit states specified for the design.

9 LIMITING STATES

9.1.1 Loss of bearing capacity due to structural collapse or ultimate deformations ( R).

9.2 Additional limiting states of structures and criteria for their occurrence, if necessary, are established in the standards for testing specific structures.

10 DESIGNATION OF THE FIRE RESISTANCE LIMITS OF STRUCTURES

The designation of the fire resistance of a building structure consists of the symbols normalized for a given structure of limit states (see), and the number corresponding to the time to reach one of these states (the first in time) in minutes. For example:

R 120 - fire resistance 120 minutes - loss of bearing capacity;

RE 60 - fire resistance limit of 60 minutes - for loss of bearing capacity and loss of integrity, regardless of which of the two limiting states occurs earlier;

REI 30 - fire resistance limit of 30 minutes - for the loss of bearing capacity, integrity and thermal insulation capacity, regardless of which of the three limit states occurs earlier.

When drawing up a test report and issuing a certificate, the limit state for which the fire resistance limit of the structure is established should be indicated.

If different fire resistance limits for different limit states are standardized (or established) for a structure, the designation of the fire resistance limit consists of two or three parts, separated by an oblique line. For example:

R 120 / EI 60 - fire resistance 120 minutes - loss of bearing capacity / fire resistance 60 minutes - loss of integrity or thermal insulation capacity, regardless of which of the last two limit states occurs earlier.

At different values \u200b\u200bof the fire resistance limits of the same design for different limit states, the designation of the fire resistance limits is listed in descending order.

The digital indicator in the designation of the fire resistance limit must correspond to one of the numbers of the following row: 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 180, 240, 360.

11 EVALUATION OF TEST RESULTS

The fire resistance limit of a structure (in min) is determined as the arithmetic mean of the test results of two samples. In this case, the maximum and minimum values \u200b\u200bof the fire resistance of the two tested samples should not differ by more than 20% (from the larger value). If the results differ from each other by more than 20%, an additional test must be carried out, and the fire resistance is determined as the arithmetic average of the two lower values.

In the designation of the limit of fire resistance of the structure, the arithmetic mean of the test results is reduced to the nearest lower value from the number of numbers given in.

The results obtained during the test can be used to assess the fire resistance by design methods of other structures similar (in shape, materials, design).

12 TEST REPORT

The test report must contain the following data:

1) the name of the organization conducting the test;

2) the name of the customer;

3) the date and conditions of testing, and, if necessary, the date of manufacture of the samples;

4) the name of the product, information about the manufacturer, the trademark and the marking of the sample, indicating the technical documentation on the structure;

5) designation of the standard for the test method for this design;

6) sketches and description of tested samples, data on control measurements of the state of samples, physical and mechanical properties of materials and their moisture;

7) conditions of support and fastening of samples, information on butt joints;

8) for structures tested under load - information about the load accepted for the test and the loading scheme;

9) for asymmetric samples of structures - indication of the side exposed to heat;

10) observations during the test (graphs, photographs, etc.), the start and end times of the test;

11) processing of test results, their assessment, indicating the type and nature of the limiting state and the fire resistance limit;

12) the duration of the protocol.

Appendix A

(required)

SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING

1 Personnel operating the test equipment should include a person responsible for safety.

2 When performing structural tests, it is necessary to ensure the availability of one 50 kg portable dry powder fire extinguisher, portable CO2 extinguisher; fire hose with a diameter of at least 25 mm under pressure.

4 When testing structures, it is necessary to: define a hazardous area around the furnace of at least 1.5 m, into which during the test it is prohibited for outsiders to enter; take measures to protect the health of the person conducting the tests if the test is expected to cause the structure to collapse, overturn or crack (for example, the installation of supports, protective nets, etc.). Care must also be taken to protect the structure of the oven itself.

5 The laboratory room should be naturally or mechanically ventilated to ensure sufficient visibility and safe working conditions for test persons in the working area without breathing apparatus and heat protective clothing during the entire test period.

6 If necessary, the area of \u200b\u200bthe measuring and control post in the laboratory room must be protected from the penetration of flue gases by creating an excess air pressure.

7 The fuel supply system shall be provided with light and / or audible alarm means.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

to the draft GOST 30247.0-94 "Building structures. Methods of testing for fire resistance. General requirements"

Development of the draft standard "Building structures. Methods of testing for fire resistance. General requirements" was carried out jointly by TsNIISK im. Kucherenko of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, VNIIPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and TsPITZS TsNIISK by order of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation and is presented in the final version.

The expansion of trade and economic relations with foreign countries dictates the need to create a unified method for testing building structures for fire resistance, applicable in partner countries.

Internationally, Technical Committee 92 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is engaged in the improvement and unification of the methodology for testing building structures for fire resistance. Within the framework of this committee and on the basis of wide international cooperation, the standard for the method of testing building structures for fire resistance ISO 834-75 has been developed, which is the methodological basis for such tests.

The methods of testing building structures for fire resistance, which are used in the USA, Germany, France and other developed countries of the world, are also widely known.

In our country, tests of building structures for fire resistance are carried out in accordance with the previously developed standard CMEA 1000-78 "Fire safety standards for building design. Method for testing building structures for fire resistance". With the undoubted advantages of the standard for the period of its creation, at present, some of its provisions had to be clarified in order to bring them in line with the international standard ISO 834-75 and the achievements of domestic and foreign science in assessing the fire resistance of building structures.

When preparing the final version of the draft state standard, the main provisions of the international standard ISO 834-75, the draft ST SEV 1000-88, and the current standard ST SEV 1000-78 were adopted. The provisions contained in the national fire test standards BS 476-10, CSN 730-851, DIN 4102-2, etc. were also taken into account.

In addition, comments and suggestions on the conclusions of various organizations received earlier were taken into account (the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, NIIZhB, TsNIIPromizdanii, TsNIIEP dwelling and other organizations).

The developed draft standard is fundamental and includes general requirements for testing building structures for fire resistance, which are priority in relation to the requirements of standards for methods of testing for fire resistance of specific structures (load-bearing, fencing, doors and gates, air ducts, translucent structures, etc.) ...

The standard is stated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 1.5 -92 "State system of standardization of the Russian Federation. General requirements for the construction, presentation, design and content of standards."

Elements of building constructions fire-resistance test methods. General requlrements

Instead of ST SEV 1000-78

1 area of \u200b\u200buse

This standard regulates the general requirements for methods of testing building structures and elements of engineering systems (hereinafter referred to as structures) for fire resistance under standard conditions of thermal exposure and is used to establish the limits of fire resistance.

The standard is fundamental in relation to standards for testing methods for fire resistance of specific types of structures.

When establishing the limits of fire resistance of structures in order to determine the possibility of their application in accordance with the fire safety requirements of regulatory documents (including certification), the methods established by this standard should be applied.

3. Definitions

The following terms are used in this standard.

Fire resistance of the structure - according to ST SEV 383.

The limiting state of the structure for fire resistance - the state of the structure, in which it loses its ability to maintain its bearing and / or enclosing functions in a fire.

4. Essence of test methods

The essence of the test methods is to determine the time from the beginning of the thermal effect on the structure in accordance with this standard to the onset of one or several successive fire resistance limit states, taking into account the functional purpose of the structure.

5. Bench equipment

5.1. Bench equipment includes:

Test furnaces with a fuel supply and combustion system (hereinafter referred to as furnaces);

Devices for mounting the sample on the furnace, ensuring compliance with the conditions for its attachment and loading;

Systems for measuring and recording parameters, including equipment for film, photo or video filming.

5.2.1. Furnaces shall provide the ability to test specimens of structures under the required loading, bearing, temperature and pressure conditions specified in this standard and in standards for test methods for specific types of structures.

5.2.2. The main dimensions of the openings of the furnaces must be such as to ensure the possibility of testing samples of structures with design dimensions.

If it is not possible to test samples of design dimensions, their dimensions and furnace openings must be such as to ensure the conditions of thermal effect on the sample, regulated by the standards for test methods for fire resistance of specific types of structures.

The depth of the fire chamber of the furnaces must be at least 0.8 m.

5.2.3. The design of the oven masonry, including its outer surface, should provide the ability to install and secure the sample, equipment and fixtures.

5.2.4. The temperature in the furnace and its deviations during the test must meet the requirements section 6.

5.2.5. The temperature regime of the furnaces must be ensured by burning liquid fuel or gas.

5.2.6. The combustion system must be regulated.

5.2.7. The flame of the burners must not touch the surface of the tested structures.

5.2.8. When testing structures, the fire resistance limit of which is determined by the limit states specified in 9.1.2 and 9.1.3 , an overpressure must be ensured in the fire space of the furnace.

It is allowed not to control excess pressure during fire resistance tests of load-bearing rod structures (columns, beams, trusses, etc.), as well as in cases where its effect on the fire resistance of the structure is insignificant (reinforced concrete, etc. structures).

5.3. Furnaces for testing load-bearing structures should be equipped with loading and supporting devices that load the sample in accordance with its design scheme.

5.4. Requirements for measurement systems

5.4.1. The following parameters should be measured and recorded during the test:

The environment in the fire chamber of the furnace is temperature and pressure (taking into account 5.2.8);

Loads and deformations during testing of load-bearing structures.

5.4.2. The temperature of the medium in the fire chamber of the furnace must be measured by thermoelectric converters (thermocouples) in at least five places. At the same time, at least one thermocouple must be installed for every 1.5 openings of the furnace intended for testing enclosing structures, and for every 0.5 m of the length (or height) of the furnace intended for testing rod structures.

The soldered end of the thermocouple should be installed 100 mm from the surface of the calibration piece.

The distance from the soldered end of the thermocouples to the furnace walls must be at least 200 mm.

5.4.3. The temperature in the furnace is measured by thermocouples with electrodes of 0.75 to 3.2 mm in diameter. The hot junction of the electrodes must be free. The protective cover (cylinder) of the thermocouple must be removed (cut and removed) at a length () mm from its soldered end.

5.4.4. To measure the temperature of samples, including on an unheated surface of enclosing structures, thermocouples with electrodes with a diameter of no more than 0.75 mm are used.

The method of fixing the thermocouples on the test specimen of the structure should ensure the accuracy of measuring the temperature of the specimen within%.

5.4.5. It is allowed to use thermocouples with a protective casing or with electrodes of other diameters, provided that their sensitivity is not lower and the time constant is not higher than that of thermocouples made in accordance with 5.4.3 and 5.4.4.

5.4.6. To record the measured temperatures, instruments with an accuracy class of at least 1 should be used.

5.4.7. Instruments designed to measure the pressure in the furnace and record the results must ensure the accuracy of the measurement of Pa.

5.4.8. Measuring instruments must provide continuous recording or discrete recording of parameters with an interval of not more than 60 s.

5.4.9. To determine the loss of the integrity of the enclosing structures, a cotton or natural cotton swab is used.

The size of the tampon should be 100x100x30 mm, weight - from 3 to 4 g. Prior to use, the tampon should be kept in a drying cabinet at a temperature of () ° C for 24 hours. The swab is removed from the drying cabinet no earlier than 30 minutes before the start of the test. Re-use of the tampon is not allowed.

5.5. Calibration of bench equipment

5.5.1. Calibration of furnaces consists in monitoring the temperature and pressure in the furnace volume. In this case, a calibration sample is placed in the opening of the furnace for testing structures.

5.5.2. The design of the calibration sample must have a fire resistance limit of at least the calibration time.

5.5.3. A calibration sample for furnaces intended for testing enclosing structures must be made of a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of at least 150 mm.

5.5.4. A calibration sample for furnaces intended for testing rod structures must be made in the form of a reinforced concrete column with a height of at least 2.5 m and a cross section of at least 0.04.

5.5.5. The duration of the calibration is at least 90 minutes.

6. Temperature conditions

6.1. During testing and calibration, a standard temperature regime should be created in the ovens, characterized by the following relationship:

, (1)

where T is the temperature in the furnace corresponding to the time t, ° C;

The temperature in the furnace before the start of the thermal effect (taken equal to the ambient temperature), ° C;

t - time calculated from the beginning of the test, min.

If necessary, a different temperature regime can be created, taking into account the real conditions of the fire.

6.2. Deviation H of the average measured temperature in the furnace ( 5.4.2) on the value of T, calculated from formula (1) , determined as a percentage by the formula

. (2)

The average measured temperature in the furnace is taken as the arithmetic mean of the readings of the furnace thermocouples at time t.

The temperatures, the corresponding dependences, as well as the permissible deviations from them of the average measured temperatures are given in Table 1.

Table 1

t, min	Т - T_0, ° C	Allowed value deviation H,%
5 10	556 659	+-15
15 30	718 821	+-10
45 60 90 120 150 180 240 360	875 925 986 1029 1060 1090 1133 1193

For other designs, such deviations should not exceed 200 ° C.

7. Samples for testing structures

7.1. Structural test specimens shall be of design dimensions. If it is not possible to test samples of such dimensions, then the minimum dimensions of the samples are taken according to the standards for testing structures of the corresponding types, taking into account 5.2.2.

7.2. Materials and details of samples to be tested, including butt joints of walls, partitions, ceilings, coatings and other structures, must comply with the technical documentation for their manufacture and use.

At the request of the testing laboratory, the properties of materials of construction, if necessary, are controlled on their standard samples, manufactured specifically for this purpose from the same materials simultaneously with the manufacture of structures. Until the moment of testing, control standard samples of materials must be in the same conditions as experimental samples of structures, and their tests are carried out in accordance with the current standards.

7.3. The moisture content of the sample must be within specification and dynamically equilibrated with the environment with relative humidity ()% at temperature () ° C.

The moisture content of the sample is determined directly on the sample or on a representative part of it.

To obtain dynamically balanced humidity, natural or artificial drying of samples is allowed at an air temperature not exceeding 60 ° C.

7.4. For testing a structure of the same type, two identical specimens shall be made.

The samples must be accompanied by the necessary set of technical documentation.

7.5. When carrying out certification tests, sampling should be made in accordance with the requirements of the adopted certification scheme.

8. Testing

8.1. The tests are carried out at an ambient temperature of 1 to 40 ° C and at an air velocity of not more than 0.5 m / s, unless the conditions of use of the structure require other test conditions.

The ambient temperature is measured at a distance of at least 1 m from the sample surface.

The temperature in the oven and in the room should be stabilized 2 hours before the start of the test.

8.2. During the test, record:

The onset time of the limiting states and their form ( section 9);

Temperature in the oven, on an unheated surface of the structure, as well as in other pre-installed places;

Excessive pressure in the furnace when testing structures, the fire resistance of which is determined by the limit states specified in 9.1.2 and 9.1.3 ;

Deformations of supporting structures;

Time of appearance of a flame on an unheated sample surface;

The time and nature of cracks, holes, delamination, as well as other phenomena (for example, violation of support conditions, the appearance of smoke).

The given list of measured parameters and recorded phenomena can be supplemented and changed in accordance with the requirements of test methods for specific types of structures.

8.3. The test should be continued until one or, if possible sequentially, all the limit states specified for a given design.

9. Limit states

9.1. There are the following main types of limiting states of building structures for fire resistance.

9.1.1. Loss of bearing capacity due to structural failure or ultimate deformations (R).

9.1.2. Loss of integrity as a result of the formation of through cracks or holes in structures through which combustion products or flame penetrate onto an unheated surface (E).

9.1.3. Loss of thermal insulating ability due to an increase in temperature on an unheated surface of a structure to the limit values \u200b\u200bfor a given structure (I).

9.2. Additional limiting states of structures and criteria for their occurrence, if necessary, are established in the standards for testing specific structures.

10. Designation of fire resistance limits of structures

The designation of the fire resistance limit of a building structure consists of the conventional symbols of the limit states normalized for a given structure (see. 9.1) and the numbers corresponding to the time of reaching one of these states (the first in time) in minutes.

For example:

R 120 - limit of fire resistance 120 min on loss of bearing capacity;

RE 60 - fire resistance limit of 60 minutes for loss of bearing capacity and loss of integrity, regardless of which of the two limiting states occurs earlier;

REI 30 - fire resistance limit of 30 minutes in terms of loss of bearing capacity, integrity and thermal insulation capacity, regardless of which of the three limit states occurs earlier.

When drawing up a test report and issuing a certificate, it is necessary to indicate the limit state for which the fire resistance of the structure is established.

If different fire resistance limits for different limit states are normalized (or set) for a structure, the designation of the fire resistance limit consists of two or three parts, separated by an oblique line.

For example:

R 120 / EI 60 - fire resistance 120 min on loss of bearing capacity; fire resistance limit of 60 minutes for loss of integrity and thermal insulation capacity, regardless of which of the last two limit states occurs earlier.

With different values \u200b\u200bof the fire resistance limits of the same structure for different limiting states, the fire resistance limits are indicated in descending order.

The digital indicator in the designation of the fire resistance limit must correspond to one of the numbers of the following row: 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 360.

11. Evaluation of test results

The fire resistance limit of a structure in minutes is determined as the arithmetic mean of the test results of two samples. In this case, the maximum and minimum values \u200b\u200bof the fire resistance of the two tested samples should not differ by more than 20% (from the larger value). If the results differ from each other by more than 20%, an additional test must be carried out and the fire resistance is determined as the arithmetic average of the two lower values.

In the designation of the fire resistance limit of a structure, the arithmetic mean of the test results leads to the nearest lower value from the number of numbers given in section 10.

The results obtained during the test can be used to assess the fire resistance by calculation methods of other structures similar (in shape, materials, design).

12. Test report

The test report must contain the following data:

1) the name of the organization conducting the test;

2) the name of the customer;

3) the date and conditions of testing, and, if necessary, the date of manufacture of the samples;

4) the name of the product, information about the manufacturer, the trademark and the marking of the sample, indicating the technical documentation for the design;

5) designation of the standard for the test method for this design;

6) sketches and descriptions of tested samples, data on control measurements of the state of samples, physical and mechanical properties of materials and their moisture;

7) conditions of support and fastening of samples, information on butt joints;

8) for structures tested under load - information about the load accepted for testing and loading schemes;

9) for asymmetrical samples of structures - indication of the side exposed to heat;

10) observations during the test (graphs, photographs, etc.), the start and end times of the test;

11) processing of test results and their assessment, indicating the type and nature of the limiting state and the fire resistance limit;

12) the duration of the protocol.

GOST 30247.0-94
(ISO 834-75)

Group W39

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS

FIRE RESISTANCE TEST METHODS

General requirements

Elements of building constructions. Fire-resistance test methods. General requirements

ISS 13.220.50
OKSTU 5260
5800

Date of introduction 1996-01-01

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design Institute for Complex Problems of Building Structures and Structures named after V.A. Kucherenko (TsNIISK named after Kucherenko) of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, the Center for Fire Research and Thermal Protection in Construction TsNIISK (TsPITZS TsNIISK) and the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fire Protection (VNIIPO) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (ISTC) on November 17, 1994


State name	The name of the government building authority
The Republic of Azerbaijan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Republic of Armenia	State Supraarchitecture of the Republic of Armenia
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Minarhstroy of the Republic of Moldova
the Russian Federation	Ministry of Construction of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan

3 This standard is the authentic text of ISO 834-75 * Fire resistance test - Elements of building constructions. "Tests for fire resistance. Building structures"
________________
* Access to international and foreign documents mentioned in the text can be obtained by contacting the User Support Service. - Note from the manufacturer of the database.

4 PUT INTO EFFECT from January 1, 1996 as a state standard of the Russian Federation by the Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated March 23, 1995 N 18-26

5 REPLACE ST SEV 1000-78

6 REDISSION. May 2003

1 AREA OF USE

The standard is fundamental in relation to standards for testing methods for fire resistance of specific types of structures.

2 REGULATORY REFERENCES

3 DEFINITIONS

The following terms are used in this standard.

3.1 fire resistance of the structure: According to GOST 12.1.033.

3.2 structure fire resistance: According to GOST 12.1.033.

3.3 the limiting state of the structure for fire resistance: The state of a structure in which it loses its ability to maintain its load-bearing and / or enclosing functions in a fire.

4 ESSENCE OF TEST METHODS

The essence of the methods is to determine the time from the beginning of the thermal effect on the structure, in accordance with this standard, to the onset of one or several sequential limiting states for fire resistance, taking into account the functional purpose of the structure.

5 STAND EQUIPMENT

5.1 Bench equipment includes:

Test furnaces with a fuel supply and combustion system (hereinafter referred to as furnaces);

Devices for mounting the sample on the furnace, ensuring compliance with the conditions for its attachment and loading;

Systems for measuring and recording parameters, including equipment for film, photo or video filming.

5.2 Furnaces

5.2.1 Furnaces shall provide the ability to test specimens of structures under the required loading, bearing, temperature and pressure conditions specified in this standard and in standards for test methods for specific types of structures.

5.2.2 The main dimensions of the openings of the furnaces should be such as to ensure the possibility of testing samples of structures with design dimensions.

The depth of the fire chamber of the furnaces must be at least 0.8 m.

5.2.3 The design of the oven masonry, including its outer surface, should provide the ability to mount and secure the sample, equipment and fixtures.

5.2.4 The temperature in the oven and its deviations during the test shall comply with the requirements of clause 6.

5.2.5 The temperature regime of the furnaces must be ensured by burning liquid fuel or gas.

5.2.6 The combustion system should be regulated.

5.2.7 The flame of the burners should not touch the surface of the tested structures.

5.2.8 When testing structures, the fire resistance limit of which is determined by the limit states specified in 9.1.2 and 9.1.3, an overpressure in the furnace fire space shall be ensured.

It is allowed not to control overpressure when testing the fire resistance of load-bearing rod structures (columns, beams, trusses, etc.), as well as in cases where its effect on the fire resistance of the structure is insignificant (reinforced concrete, stone, etc. structures).

5.3 Furnaces for testing load-bearing structures should be equipped with loading and supporting devices that load the sample in accordance with its design scheme.

5.4 Requirements for measurement systems

5.4.1 The following parameters should be measured and recorded during the test:

The parameters of the environment in the firing chamber of the furnace are temperature and pressure (taking into account 5.2.8);

Loading and deformation parameters during testing of load-bearing structures.

5.4.2 The temperature of the medium in the fire chamber of the furnace must be measured by thermoelectric converters (thermocouples) in at least five places. At the same time, at least one thermocouple must be installed for every 1.5 m of the opening of the furnace intended for testing the enclosing structures and for every 0.5 m of the length (or height) of the furnace intended for testing the rod structures.

The soldered end of the thermocouple should be installed 100 mm from the surface of the calibration piece.

The distance from the soldered end of the thermocouples to the furnace walls must be at least 200 mm.

5.4.3 The temperature in the oven is measured with thermocouples with electrodes of 0.75 to 3.2 mm in diameter. The hot junction of the electrodes must be free. The protective cover (cylinder) of the thermocouple should be removed (cut and removed) at a length of (25 ± 10) mm from its soldered end.

5.4.4 To measure the temperature of samples, including on an unheated surface of enclosing structures, use thermocouples with electrodes no more than 0.75 mm in diameter.

The method of fixing the thermocouples to the test specimen of the structure should ensure the accuracy of measuring the temperature of the specimen within ± 5%.

5.4.5 It is allowed to use thermocouples with a protective casing or with electrodes of other diameters, provided that their sensitivity is not lower and the time constant is not higher than that of thermocouples made in accordance with 5.4.3 and 5.4.4.

5.4.6 To register the measured temperatures, instruments with an accuracy class of at least 1 should be used.

5.4.7 Instruments designed to measure the pressure in the furnace and record the results must ensure a measurement accuracy of ± 2.0 Pa.

5.4.8 Measuring devices should provide continuous recording or discrete recording of parameters with an interval of not more than 60 s.

5.4.9 To determine the loss of integrity of the enclosing structures, use a tampon made of cotton or natural wool.

The dimensions of the tampon should be 10010030 mm, weight - from 3 to 4 g. Prior to use, the tampon is kept in a drying cabinet at a temperature of (105 ± 5) ° C for 24 hours. The swab is removed from the drying cabinet no earlier than 30 minutes before the start of the test. Re-use of the tampon is not allowed.

5.5 Calibration of bench equipment

5.5.1 Calibration of furnaces consists in controlling the temperature and pressure in the furnace volume. In this case, a calibration sample is placed in the opening of the furnace for testing structures.

5.5.2 The design of the calibration sample must have a fire resistance limit of at least the time of calibration.

5.5.3 A calibration sample for furnaces intended for testing enclosing structures shall be made of a reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of at least 150 mm.

5.5.4 A calibration sample for furnaces intended for testing rod structures must be made in the form of a reinforced concrete column with a height of at least 2.5 m and a cross-section of at least 0.04 m.

5.5.5 Duration of calibration - not less than 90 minutes.

6 TEMPERATURE MODE

6.1 During testing and calibration in ovens, a standard temperature regime should be created, characterized by the following relationship:

where T - oven temperature corresponding to the time t, ° С;

The temperature in the furnace before the start of the thermal effect (taken equal to the ambient temperature), ° С;

t - time, calculated from the beginning of the test, min.

If necessary, a different temperature regime can be created, taking into account the real conditions of the fire.

6.2 Deviation H average measured temperature in the furnace (5.4.2) from the value Tcalculated by the formula (1) is determined as a percentage by the formula

The average measured temperature in the furnace is taken as the arithmetic mean of the readings of the furnace thermocouples at the time t.

The temperatures corresponding to dependence (1), as well as the permissible deviations from them of the average measured temperatures are given in Table 1.

Table 1


t, min		Permissible deviation value H, %

When testing structures made of non-combustible materials, on separate furnace thermocouples, after 10 minutes of testing, a temperature deviation from the standard temperature regime by no more than 100 ° C is allowed.

For other designs, such deviations should not exceed 200 ° C.

7 SAMPLES FOR STRUCTURE TESTS

7.1 Structural test specimens shall have design dimensions. If it is not possible to test samples of such dimensions, then the minimum dimensions of the samples are taken according to the standards for testing structures of the corresponding types, taking into account 5.2.2.

7.3 The moisture content of the sample shall be within specification and dynamically equilibrated with an environment with a relative humidity of (60 ± 15)% at a temperature of (20 ± 10) ° C.

The moisture content of the sample is determined directly on the sample or on a representative part of it.

To obtain dynamically balanced moisture content, natural or artificial drying of samples is allowed at an air temperature not exceeding 60 ° C.

7.4 For testing a structure of the same type, two identical specimens shall be made.

The samples must be accompanied by the necessary set of technical documentation.

7.5 When carrying out certification tests, the sampling of samples shall be made in accordance with the requirements of the adopted certification scheme.

8 PERFORMANCE OF TESTS

8.1 The tests are carried out at an ambient temperature of 1 to 40 ° C and at an air velocity of not more than 0.5 m / s, unless the conditions for using the structure require other test conditions.

The ambient temperature is measured at a distance of at least 1 m from the sample surface.

The temperature in the oven and in the room should be stabilized 2 hours before the start of the test.

8.2 During the test, record:

The time of the onset of limiting states and their type (Section 9);

Temperature in the oven, on an unheated surface of the structure, as well as in other pre-installed places;

Excessive pressure in the furnace when testing structures, the fire resistance of which is determined by the limit states specified in 9.1.2 and 9.1.3;

Deformations of supporting structures;

Time of appearance of a flame on an unheated sample surface;

The time and nature of cracks, holes, delamination, as well as other phenomena (for example, violation of support conditions, the appearance of smoke).

The given list of measured parameters and recorded phenomena can be supplemented and changed in accordance with the requirements of test methods for specific types of structures.

8.3 The test should continue until one or, if possible sequentially, all the limit states specified for the design.

9 LIMITING STATES

9.1 There are the following main types of limiting states of building structures for fire resistance.

9.1.1 Loss of bearing capacity due to structural collapse or ultimate deformations (R).

9.1.2 Loss of integrity as a result of the formation of through cracks or holes in structures through which combustion products or flames can penetrate to an unheated surface (E).

9.1.3 Loss of thermal insulation capacity due to temperature rise on the unheated surface of the structure to the limit values \u200b\u200bfor the given structure (I).

9.2 Additional limiting states of structures and criteria for their occurrence, if necessary, are established in the standards for testing specific structures.

10 DESIGNATION OF THE FIRE RESISTANCE LIMITS OF STRUCTURES

The designation of the fire resistance limit of a building structure consists of the symbols of the limit states normalized for the given structure (see 9.1) and the number corresponding to the time to reach one of these states (the first in time) in minutes.

For example:

R 120 - fire resistance 120 min - loss of bearing capacity;

RE 60 - fire resistance limit 60 min - for loss of bearing capacity and loss of integrity, regardless of which of the two limiting states occurs earlier;

REI 30 - fire resistance limit of 30 minutes - for the loss of bearing capacity, integrity and thermal insulation capacity, regardless of which of the three limit states occurs earlier.

When drawing up a test report and issuing a certificate, it is necessary to indicate the limit state for which the fire resistance of the structure is established.

For example:

R 120 / EI 60 - fire resistance 120 min - loss of bearing capacity; fire resistance limit of 60 minutes - for loss of integrity or heat-insulating ability, regardless of which of the last two limiting states occurs earlier.

With different values \u200b\u200bof the fire resistance limits of the same structure for different limiting states, the fire resistance limits are indicated in descending order.

The digital indicator in the designation of the fire resistance limit must correspond to one of the numbers of the following row: 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 360.

11 EVALUATION OF TEST RESULTS

The fire resistance of the structure (in minutes) is determined as the arithmetic mean of the test results of two samples. In this case, the maximum and minimum values \u200b\u200bof the fire resistance of the two tested samples should not differ by more than 20% (from the larger value). If the results differ from each other by more than 20%, an additional test must be carried out and the fire resistance is determined as the arithmetic mean of the two lower values.

In the designation of the fire resistance limit of a structure, the arithmetic mean of the test results is reduced to the nearest lower value from the series of numbers given in clause 10.