Due to the peculiarities of the climate, the Astrakhan region is inhabited by many species of insects that can cause no small harm. First of all, of course, our smaller brothers suffer, because of their physiological characteristics and living conditions. Reliable protection from insects and ticks - an essential component that ensures the health of pets and their owners. It is important not to forget about this with the onset of spring, summer and autumn periods.

What diseases do insects cause?

Diseases caused by insects and mites are invasive, i.e. there is a danger of spreading to other animals, sometimes to humans.
Blood-sucking insects, ticks, fleas when bitten cause anxiety and stress, interfering with normal food intake, walks, and rest of pets.
When bitten, they produce biologically active substances, releasing waste products, they cause irritation, inflammatory, allergic reactions, toxicosis. For example, when bitten by ticks, the skin is injured, its integrity is violated. Focal inflammation can be accompanied by hair loss, the entry of pathogenic bacteria into the bite wound can cause an inflammatory process. With abundant invasion, anemia, exhaustion, and decreased immunity may develop. In addition to the above mentioned danger, many insects and ticks are carriers of many dangerous diseases, and the Astrakhan region, again, was no exception. Surely many people know that mosquitoes are an intermediate host of dirofilariae, which in turn cause such a dangerous disease as dirofilariasis, ticks carry diseases such as piroplasmosis, babesiosis, Q fever, tularemia, etc., of course, one should not forget the most common diseases with which, unfortunately, we are forced to face this demodicosis (scabies), otodectosis (ear mites), sarcoptic mange (pruritus mites), etc.

The main characteristics of modern insectoacaricidal preparations.

What forms of insecticidal acaricidal drugs exist?

Forms of production of modern drugs make them easy to use. Collars, sprays, drops are very popular. Usually one pipette tube is provided per animal. For cats, dogs of various weights, certain packages are produced. Preparations are necessarily labeled, this excludes errors in their use.

1. Acaromectin

2. Amit

Indications: Psoroptosis, notoedrosis, sarcoptic mange, otodectosis and demodicosis in dogs and cats.

Doses and method of administration:When dogs and cats are affected by sarcoptoidosis (psoroptosis, sarcoptic mange, notoedrosis) and dogs with demodicosis, the drug is applied thin layer on the affected areas previously cleaned of scabs and crusts at the rate of 0.5 ml / kg of animal weight (depending on the degree of damage), evenly distributing from the periphery to the center with the capture of healthy border skin up to 1 cm.To prevent licking of the drug, animals wear a muzzle or the jaws are closed with a loop of tape, which are removed 15 - 20 minutes after applying the drug. The treatment is carried out 2-5 times with an interval of 5 days until the animal's clinical recovery, which is confirmed by two negative results of acarological studies. Animals with extensive areas of skin lesions are treated in two doses with an interval of one day, applying the drug first to one half of the affected surface of the body, and then to the other. In case of otodectosis (ear scabies) of dogs and cats, the external auditory canal is cleaned with a swab moistened with a swab from scabs and crusts and then instilled into each ear 3-6 drops of the drug (depending on the size of the animal). For the purpose of a more complete treatment of the entire surface of the ear and the auditory canal, the auricle is folded in half lengthwise and its base is lightly massaged. Processing is carried out twice with an interval of 3 - 5 days. In advanced cases of otodectosis complicated by otitis media, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. If necessary, repeat the course of treatment. The drug is injected into both ears, even if only one ear is affected by otodectosis.

3. Amit forte

Indications: Assign to dogs and cats with sarcoptic mange, notoedrosis, otodectosis, heiletiosis and demodicosis.

Doses and method of administration:When dogs and cats are affected by sarcoptic mange, heiletiosis, notoedrosis and demodectic mange, the drug is applied in a thin layer to the affected skin areas previously cleaned of scabs and crusts, evenly distributing from the periphery to the center with the capture of borderline healthy skin up to 1 cm.To prevent licking of the drug, animals wear a muzzle or the jaws are closed using a loop from the tesma, which are removed 15 to 20 minutes after the application of the product. Treatment should be carried out 2 - 5 times with an interval of 10 days until the animal's clinical recovery, which is confirmed by two negative results of acarological studies. Animals with extensive areas of skin lesions are treated in two doses with an interval of one day, applying the drug first to one half of the affected surface of the body, then to the other. With otodectosis (ear scabies), before using the drug, the external auditory canal is cleaned of crusts and scabs using a cotton swab moistened with the drug. Then Amit forte is instilled into each ear in 3-4 drops and the auricle is folded in half, gently massaging at the base, for even distribution of the drug. The processing is carried out 2 times a day with an interval of 7 to 10 days. In advanced cases of otodectosis complicated by otitis media, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. If necessary, repeat the course of treatment. The drug is injected into both ears, even in cases of otodectosis affecting only one ear.

4. Butox

Mode of application:Butox 50 is used only for external treatment of animals and premises. Immediately before use, prepare an aqueous working emulsion of the drug. Animals are treated by spraying or bathing.

You can get more detailed information on the use and dosages of butox in the pet shops of LLC "Rondo", Astrakhan

5. Neostomosan

Mode of application:The working emulsion is prepared immediately before use. At the same time, the volume of the aqueous emulsion required for processing and the amount of the drug required for its preparation are determined.

You can get more detailed information on the use and dosages of butox in the pet shops of OOO "Rondo"

6. Diazinon-C

Indications: It is used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes for the treatment of sheep, cattle, pigs, deer, horses and fur-bearing animals with arachno-entomoses, as well as for disinsection and deacarization of livestock buildings.

7. Advantix

8. Advocate drops for dogs and cats

Indications: A lawyer is prescribed to dogs and cats for the treatment and prevention of demodicosis, otodectosis, sarcoptic mange, entomoses, intestinal nematoses (toxocariasis, toxascariasis, uncinariosis, hookworm disease), as well as for the prevention of dirofilariasis.

Doses and method of administration:The drug is applied to animals by drip ("spot-on") application to dry intact skin. Before use, remove the protective cap from the pipette and, placing it vertically, pierce the protective membrane of the pipette tip (putting on the cap from the back side), then remove the cap again. The drug, having parted the fur, is applied to the animal in places inaccessible for licking, directly on the skin between the shoulder blades at the base of the neck.

Animal weight	Pipette marking	Application dose (normal pipette volume), ml	Dose of active substance, mg / kg
			imidacloprid	moxidectin
For dogs
4 to 10 kg	For medium dogs
10 to 25 kg	For large dogs
10 to 25 kg	For very large dogs
For cats
Less than 4 kg	For medium sized cats
4 to 8 kg	For large cats
8 and more kg	For very large cats	Use the appropriate combination of pipettes

9. Beaphar flea drops for cats

Indications: Drops against fleas and ticks for cats from 6 months of age. The active ingredient is diazinon. 2nd step of 4-step flea protection. Cannot be used together with other insecticides.

Mode of application: Spread the fur between the shoulder blades and apply the product to the skin. Cats weighing 2.5 - 5 kg: - 1 pipette; more than 5 kg: - 2 pipettes.

10. Beaphar collar for cats

Indications: Prevention and treatment of cat entomosis (lice, fleas, lice). Prevention of lesions of cats with ixodid and scabies mites.

11. Beaphar flea drops for dogs

Indications: The drops are an effective treatment for fleas and ticks.

Doses and method of administration:Medium and large dogs: weighing from 19 kg and not younger than 6 months: - with a body weight of 19-35 kg: 1 pipette; - with a body weight of 36-70kg: 2 pipettes. Small dogs: weighing from 5 kg and not younger than 6 months: - with a body weight of 5-10 kg: 1 pipette; - with a body weight of 11-20kg: 2 pipettes.

12. Beaphar dog collar

Indications: Prevention and treatment of dog entomosis (lice, fleas, lice). Prevention of lesions of dogs with ixodid and scabies mites.

13. GreenFort drops and collars for dogs

Mode of application: BioDrops: - safe for humans and animals; - have no restrictions on the physiological state; - effective up to 3 months (3 pipettes 1 month each). BioCollar GreenFort for dogs of medium breeds 65cm. Protection against insects and ticks up to 3 months.

GreenFort preparations are suitable for:
- for puppies from 4 weeks of age;
- for sick and weakened animals;
-for pregnant and lactating females;
- for animals prone to allergies.
Mode of application:
- open the packaging just before use; - unfold and loosely fasten the collar around the animal's neck, cut off the excess collar;

14. Ivermec and ivermec gel

Indications: Assign to cattle, sheep, goats, deer and camels - with nematodes: dictyocaulosis, trichostrongyloidosis, strongyloidosis, ascariasis, bunostomosis, thelaziosis; with hypodermatosis, estrosis, psoroptosis, sarcoptic mange, sifunculatosis, mallophagosis, as well as for the fight against carrion and meat flies. Horses - with strongilatosis, parascariasis, oxyurosis, sarcoptic mange and gastrofiliasis. Pigs - with ascariasis, esophagostomosis, trichocephalosis, strongyloidiasis, stefanurosis, metastrongylosis and other nematodoses; with sarcoptic mange and lice. Dogs and cats - with toxocariasis and toxascariasis, ankylostomiasis and uncinariosis, sarcoptic mange and otodectosis, demodicosis and flea damage.

Doses and method of administration:Injection solution: Intramuscularly administered to animals in compliance with the rules of asepsis: pigs in the area of \u200b\u200bthe inner surface of the thigh or neck, other types of animals - in the area of \u200b\u200bthe croup or neck in doses: cattle and small cattle, horses, deer - 1 ml of ivermec per 50 kg of animal weight (200 mcg active substance per 1 kg of weight) once. In severe cases of sarcopticoidosis, the treatment is carried out twice with an interval of 8 to 10 days. Pigs - 1 ml of ivermec per 33 kg of animal weight (300 μg of active ingredient per 1 kg of weight) once. In severe cases of sarcoptic mange and hematopinosis, treatment is carried out twice. If the volume of the injected solution is more than 10 ml, it should be administered to the animal in several places. Against nematodes, the drug is used for animals before stalling and in the spring before being removed to pasture, against gadfly larvae - immediately after the end of the summer of gadflies, against pathogens of arachno-entomoses - according to indications. Each batch of the drug (when applied to agricultural animals) is preliminarily tested on a small group (7-10 heads) of animals. In the absence of complications, the entire livestock is processed within 3 days. Ivermek is administered to dogs and cats at the rate of 0.2 ml of the drug per 10 kg of animal weight (200 μg of active ingredient per 1 kg of weight). For accurate dosing of the drug to small animals, it can be diluted with sterile distilled water in the right amount time.

Ivermec-gel: used to treat dogs and cats with notoedrosis, sarcoptic mange, demodicosis and otodectosis.

Doses and method of administration:When dogs and cats are affected by demodicosis, dogs - sarcoptic mange, cats - notoedrosis, the drug is applied in a thin layer to the affected areas previously cleaned of scabs and crusts at the rate of 0.2-0.3 ml per 1 kg of animal weight, rubbing slightly from the periphery to the center with capture 1-2 cm of borderline healthy skin. To prevent the drug from licking off, the animals are put on a muzzle (or the jaws are closed with a loop of braid), which is removed 15-20 minutes after applying the drug. The treatment is carried out 2-4 times with an interval of 5-7 days until the animal's clinical recovery, which is confirmed by two negative results of acarological studies. Animals with extensive lesions are treated in two doses with an interval of one day, applying the drug to the affected areas first of one and then the other half of the body. In case of acarosis complicated by bacterial infection, the use of immunomodulating and antibacterial drugs is recommended. In case of otodectosis (ear scabies) of carnivores, the external auditory canal is cleaned from scabs and crusts with a swab moistened with a swab and then 0.5-2.0 ml of Ivermek gel is injected into each ear (depending on the weight of the animal). For the purpose of a more complete treatment of the entire surface of the ear and the auditory canal, the auricle is folded in half lengthwise and its base is lightly massaged. Processing is carried out 1-2 times with an interval of 5-7 days. If necessary, repeat the course of treatment. The drug must be injected into both ears, even in cases of defeat by otodectosis of only one ear. In advanced cases of the disease complicated by otitis media, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.

15. Frontline Combo drops on the withers for dogs

Indications: It is used to combat fleas, lice, lice and ticks (ixodic, cheilitella) by topical (Spot On) application to the skin. Before processing, the tip of the pipette is broken off, the animal's hair is pushed apart in the back region (between the shoulder blades) and, pressing the pipette, the preparation is applied to the skin at one or several points. The protective effect of the drug against ixodid ticks lasts at least 1 month, against adult insects up to 3 months, from the preimaginal phases of insect development - up to 8 months.

Doses and method of administration:If the animal is severely infested with lice, fleas, lice, it is recommended to process the treatment once a month. If the animal is washed more often than 2 times a month, it is recommended to reduce the interval between treatments to 3 weeks.

16. Frontline SPOT-ON drops on the withers for dogs

Doses and method of administration:Frontline Spot It is used to treat otodectosis (ear scabies). For this purpose, 4-6 drops are instilled into each ear (drops must be injected into both ears). For even distribution of the drug, the auricle is folded in half and its base is lightly massaged, the rest is applied to the skin between the shoulder blades (single treatment).

17. Frontline Combo drops on the withers for cats

Indications: Assigned to cats to fight fleas, lice, lice and ticks (ixodid, cheilitella).

Doses and method of administration:Frontline Combo is applied externally by topical (Spot On) application to the skin. Before processing, the tip of the pipette is broken off, the animal's hair is pushed apart in the back region (between the shoulder blades) and, pressing the pipette, the preparation is applied to the skin at one or several points. The protective effect of the drug against ixodid ticks in cats lasts up to 3 weeks, against the imago and preimaginal phases of insect development up to 6 weeks. In case of severe damage to the animal by lice, fleas, lice, it is recommended to process it once a month. If the animal is washed more than 2 times a month, it is recommended to reduce the interval between treatments to 3 weeks. It is not recommended to wash animals within 48 hours after treatment with Frontline Combo, as well as to use other insecticidal and acaricidal agents.

18. Hartz drops and drops of Hartz UltraGuard Flea for dogs and cats

Mode of application:Can be used for puppies and kittens from 3 months old. Waterproof formula. The effectiveness of protection does not decrease after repeated washing of the animal with soap or shampoo or frequent bathing in water bodies. You can choose a 3-month course of protection for animals of any weight. Apply the contents of the tube - pipette to the skin in the nape of the animal. Avoid contact with eyes and clothing. Repeated processing of animals is carried out no more than 1 time per month. The effectiveness of protection is not reduced by moisture.

19. Rolf Club flea and tick drops for dogs and cats

P rendering: The drug is prescribed for adult dogs, cats and puppies at least 2 months of age with a therapeutic and prophylactic purpose for entomoses, sarcoptic mange and ixodid ticks. The drug is applied to animals by drip application to dry intact skin.

Doses and method of administration:Having parted the fur, the drug is applied to the skin of the animal in places that are not accessible for licking - in the neck, at the base of the skull or between the shoulder blades in one or two places. Make sure that the drug does not remain inside the pipette. With a therapeutic purpose for sarcoptic mange in dogs, the drug is used 2-4 times with an interval of 7-10 days; in order to prevent possible invasion - once a month. Treatment is recommended in a complex manner using etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic drugs. With otodectosis (ear scabies) in pre-cleaned auricles are instilled in 1-3 drops of the drug. After 3-5 days, the procedure is repeated until the clinical signs disappear.

20. Rolf Club collars for dogs and cats

P rendering : Prevention and treatment of entomoses in dogs and cats (lice, fleas, lice). Prevention of lesions of dogs with ixodid and scabies mites.

21. Bars insectoacaricidal drops for dogs and cats

Indications: Insectoacaricidal drops Bars are used in dogs and cats for entomoses, sarcoptic mange, notoedrosis and ixodid ticks.

Doses and method of administration:In case of entomoses, sarcoptic mange of dogs, the drug is applied to the skin at several points in the area of \u200b\u200bthe back between the shoulder blades or in the neck area, at the base of the skull in doses: dogs weighing from 2 to 10, 10-20 and over 20 kg, respectively, by spreading the hair apart, 1.4; 2.8 and 4.2-5.6 ml per head. Repeated treatments are carried out according to indications, but not more often than 1 time per month. To destroy ixodid ticks on the body of the animal, the drug in the amount of 1 drop is applied to the tick and the place of its attachment to the skin. If the tick does not spontaneously fall off within 20-30 minutes, then it is carefully pulled out of the body with tweezers and destroyed.

22. Bars Forte insectoacaricidal drops for dogs, cats, puppies and kittens

Indications: Prescribed to dogs, cats, puppies from 8 weeks of age and kittens for the treatment and prevention of entomoses (fleas, lice, hairs), heiletiosis, notoedrosis, ixodid tick lesions.

Doses and method of administration:

Animal weight	Amount of drug in a pipette, ml	Dose per animal, ml	Number of pipettes, for processing, ml
Adult dogs
2 to 10 kg
10 to 20 kg
20 to 30 kg
20 to 40 kg
More than 40 kg		add 1 pipette for every 10 kg
Puppies
1 to 5 kg
Adult cats
Less than 1 kg		0.3 (10 drops)
from 1 to 3 kg		0.6 (20 drops)
3 to 8 kg
Kittens
Less than 1 kg
More than 1 kg

Before use, the pipette tip is broken off (or cut off) and then, pushing the animal's hair apart, it is applied to the skin at several points inaccessible for licking (at the base of the skull, between the shoulder blades and along the back and tail). The duration of the protective action is: from ticks - 4 weeks, from fleas - 3 months. Washing the animal with shampoo does not reduce the effectiveness of the drug. The repeated procedure should be carried out no more than once a month. To destroy ixodid ticks on the body of the animal, the drug in the amount of 1 drop is applied to the tick and the place of its attachment to the skin. If within 20 - 30 minutes the tick does not spontaneously disappear, then it is carefully pulled out of the body with tweezers and destroyed.

23. Bars SPOT-ON for dogs and cats

Indications: Bars spot-on is prescribed for adult dogs and cats, puppies and kittens over 2 months of age for the treatment and prevention of intestinal nematodes, cestodoses, entomoses, otodectosis, sarcoptic mange, notoedrosis and demodicosis.

Doses and method of administration: The drug is applied to animals by drip ("spot-on") application to dry intact skin. Before using a dropper pipette, break off the tip and, having parted the fur, apply the drug to the animal on the skin along the spine, in places inaccessible for licking, in the neck area at the base of the skull. When processing large animals, the contents of the pipettes are applied to the skin in 3-4 places. Depending on the weight of the animal, the Bars spot-on preparation is used in various packaging in doses. For the treatment of otodectosis (ear scabies), the drug is applied to the skin once. If necessary, the course of treatment is repeated after 7-10 days. In the course of treatment, it is recommended to clean the ear canal from exudate and scabs, and in case of complications from otitis media, prescribe antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs. With a therapeutic purpose for sarcoptic mange and demodicosis of dogs, the drug is used with an interval of 10-14 days until two-fold negative results of acarological research are obtained; in order to prevent possible invasion - once a month. Treatment is recommended in a complex manner with the use of etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic drugs in accordance with the instructions for their use. For deworming animals with nematodes and cestodoses of the gastrointestinal tract, the drug is used for therapeutic purposes once, with prophylactic purposes - once a quarter.

24. BlochNo drops on the withers for dogs

Doses and method of administration:Drops are applied to the skin of an animal, to dogs 1 ml per 10 kg in places inaccessible for licking. An animal treated with FleaNet drops is not attacked by ticks for 1 - 1.5 months, fleas and lice up to 2 months, and mosquitoes will not bother for 5-7 days.

25. BlochNo drops on the withers for cats

Indications: Protection against attacks of blood-sucking insects. Prevention and treatment of cat entomosis (lice, fleas, lice). Prevention of lesions of cats with ixodid and scabies mites. Treatment of otodectosis (ear scabies).

26. Delix drops and collars for dogs

Doses and method of administration:"Delix drops"drops are used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The drug is effective within 1 month after applying the drug directly to the skin of the animal. It is not recommended to wash the animal with shampoo and soap for 2 days and after treatment. Each dropper pipette is designed for one-time treatment of a dog weighing up to 15 kg, a cat up to 8 kg. Carry out processing once a month.

27. Celandine drops from fleas and ticks for dogs and cats

Indications: A modern, highly effective, safe drug for the fight against fleas, lice, ixodid and scabies mites in dogs and cats.

Mode of application:The drug is prescribed for adult dogs and cats not younger than 2 months of age with a therapeutic and prophylactic purpose for entomoses, sarcoptic mange, notoedrosis and ixodid ticks. The drug is applied to animals by drip application to dry intact skin. Holding the pipette upright, break off the top end of the pipette. Having parted the fur, the drug is applied to the skin of the animal in places inaccessible for licking - in the neck area at the base of the skull or between the shoulder blades in one or two places. Make sure that the drug does not remain inside the pipette. With a therapeutic purpose for sarcoptic mange and notoedrosis, the drug is used 2-4 times with an interval of 7-10 days; in order to prevent possible invasion - once a month

Treatment is recommended in a complex manner using etiotropic, pathogenetic and symptomatic drugs. In case of otodectosis (ear scabies), 1-3 drops of the drug are instilled into previously cleaned auricles. After 3-5 days, the procedure is repeated until the clinical signs disappear.

28. Celandine drops from fleas and ticks for puppies and kittens

Indications: A modern, highly effective, safe drug for combating fleas, lice, ixodid and scabies mites. Allowed for use in puppies and kittens from 2 months of age. Flea protection up to 2 months.

Doses and method of administration:The drug is applied to animals by drip application to dry intact skin. Having parted the fur, the drug is applied to the animal's skin in places that are not accessible for licking - in the neck area at the base of the skull or between the shoulder blades. One pipette is designed for 4 kg of animal weight.

29. Celandine flea and tick collar for dogs, puppies and kittens

Method of application: Open the package, unscrew the collar and place on the animal, adjusting to the size so that between the neck and the collar, take a space of 1-1.5 cm. If the block is heavily soiled, before using the collar, it is advisable to wash the dog with the use of an insecticidal shampoo. In order to prevent re-infestation with blocks, replace the holder or treat it with insecticides.

What are acaricides

According to the mechanism of action on ticks, they are divided into the following types:

• contact - the death of an individual provokes contact with any part of the body;
• fumigants - act as poisonous vapors that enter the respiratory system;
• systemic - get inside the plant, causing the death of the pests that eat it;
• intestinal - enter the body with food, poison the digestive system.

Classification of acaricidal agents

All drugs can be divided into 3 large groups:

Insectoacaricides

Universal remedies used at home and in conditions and agriculture from various pests... These include:

Narrow-targeted drugs acting exclusively on arachnids. Means differ significantly from each other in composition, many have the ability to destroy tick eggs. Among the drugs:

Substances that destroy ticks and pathogenic fungi. A common option is sulfur in the form of granules and powder. The lack of drugs is toxicity for many insects.

Attention. Long-term use of one type of acaricidal agent leads to the development of resistance to its effects. It is recommended to change drugs several times per season.

Features of the use of acaricidal agents

The most convenient form of acaricidal preparations for ixodid ticks are sprays and aerosols. They process clothes and camping equipment before going to the forest. For animals that are also the target of predatory arthropods, drops and collars with a repellent agent are recommended.

Gardex

Taiga Anti-tick

Spray for protection against people carrying deadly diseases. The substance is applied to clothing, curtains, mosquito nets. The treatment is recommended to be carried out outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. One application is sufficient for 2 weeks or before washing. For spraying clothes, 25 ml of the drug is enough. Do not process in humans, the composition (neonol, alphacypermethrin) is a toxic substance.

Dust mite - how to deal with it

• dermatitis;
• conjunctivitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• allergic rhinitis.

Attention. Getting rid of dust mites requires systems approach: wet cleaning, minimizing woolen carpets, soft toys, feather bedding, use of acaricides in washing.

Allergoff

Features of use

Before treatment with Allergoff, it is recommended to remove bed linen and mattress covers. Products are washed with the addition of a special acaricidal agent from the same series. The product is not toxic, it has no contraindications for use. One 400 ml package is enough for processing 20 m 2. Valid up to 6 months.

Acaril

Milbiol

The search for safe means of acaricidal action led to the creation of a modern drug safe for people. Milbiol is a plant-derived acaricide derived from neem seed oil. Its action covers 20 types of pests, inhibits the growth of fungi and bacteria. The preparation in the form of a spray is recommended for the treatment of bedding that cannot be washed. The active substance disrupts the nutritional capacity of arachnids, stops their growth and reproduction.

Attention. The use of Milbiol according to the instructions is safe for humans and warm-blooded animals.

Akarosan

Akarosan spray - fast and effective destruction of mites in dust, on upholstered furniture and other surfaces. The active substance is benzyl benzoate. The drug is not dangerous for humans, it removes allergens for a long time.

Insecticidal and acaridic substances intended for the destruction of insects and ticks, respectively, are called insectoacaricides.

The mechanism of action of all insectoacaricidal pharmacological substances is undoubtedly based on changes in intracellular metabolism, most often occurring in two phases: the first phase is accompanied by signs of an increase in metabolic processes with a parallel enhancement of physiological functions, and the second phase is characterized by a gradual decrease in the level of metabolic processes with parallel inhibition, and then the attenuation of the vital activity of the organism, most often ending in their death.

Changes in metabolic processes and physiological functions of animals occur with a similar pattern when insectoacaricides are ingested in toxic doses.

Creolin, depending on the predominance of hydrocarbon or phenol-cresol components, is used for bathing sheep with preventive and therapeutic purposes with psoroptosis and acarose, and with a prevailing content of phenolic-cresol components, they are used for disinfection and disinsection.

After the penetration of scabies and ixodid mites into the body, the molecules of the chemical components of creolin through the chitinous cover interact with protein macromolecules, causing their denaturation. Phenol and cresols destroy sensitive

nerve endings, and after penetration into the ganglia cause the development of necrobiotic processes in them. To enhance the acaricidal action of creolin, the y-isomer of hexachloro-cyclohexane is added to it. Such a preparation is used in accordance with the instructions under the name "Homogenized Creolin" - a solid acaricidal preparation. Creolin is a cumulative toxic drug. Its components are poorly biotransformed, therefore, they are excreted from the body unchanged with urine, feces and milk. In order to better penetrate the components of creolin through the chitinous cover of insects, soaps and alkalis are added to it, which enhance the destruction of chitinous structures. Practically, creolin in the form of an emulsion, ointment and liniment is used for individual treatment of sick animals, and only in sheep is group treatment allowed in specially equipped baths filled with creolin emulsion.

Of the insectoacaricidal substances of plant origin, the pyrethrins contained in the Caucasian and Dalmatian chamomile are the most effective. They belong to aromatic esters. This group also includes the alkaloid nicotine (tobacco alkaloid) and anabazine.

Pyrethrins are highly lipophilic compounds. Once on the cuticle of an insect, they dissolve well in its lipid-like substances and quickly penetrate deep into the tissues of the insect with subsequent entry into the hemolymph, with the help of which they are brought into nervous system, where their effect on the insect is carried out. Pyrethrin molecules penetrate into potassium-sodium channels and get stuck in them, making them half-open for a long time, without thereby interfering with the flow of sodium ions. Since the sodium channel cannot be closed under these circumstances and thus the flow of ions cannot be stopped, then, naturally, the postsynaptic membrane in the central and peripheral synapses will be in a state of prolonged polarization, which in insects will be manifested by hyperexcitation, which eventually gives way to paresis and paralysis with a high percentage of their death. Oscillographic studies have shown that the biological membranes of neurons are the point of action of pyrethrins and chlorine-organic compounds. Pyrethrins are less toxic compounds than FOS and COS, which is due to the presence of exterase enzymes in the body of insects, in particular oxidases, which carry out the biotransformation of peritrins.

Alkaloids (nicotine, anabasine) also selectively act on the nervous system, in particular on the synapses in the ganglia, where, after a short excitation effect, i.e., improving the conduction of impulses in synapses, they suppress impulse conduction, and comesthe phase of anticholinergic action with the development of paresis and paralysis, and later death. For animals, alkaloids are more toxic and pyrethrins are less toxic.

Pyrethrins and alkaloids act on insects for a short time and are not effective in all cases.

In recent years, synthetic pyrethrins (pyrethroids) have been introduced into the practice of veterinary medicine, which retained low toxicity to the animal body and high insecticidal activity. The first of the synthetic pyrethrins was pyrmethrin, on the basis of which a number of insecticidal drugs were manufactured and introduced into practice: permesol, stomazan, cypermethins. These drugs have high insectoacaricidal activity, do not accumulate in the body of animals and quickly disintegrate in the external environment. Later, recipes for complex preparations with the inclusion of tar were developed, which significantly increased the insecticidal activity of synthetic preparations. Such drugs include insectol, pedix-50, psoroptol, vetsanzol.

Synthetic preparations are produced in aerosol cans, which is very convenient for treating the affected skin areas of animals and for disinsecting small rooms.

Organochlorine compounds are chemical compounds of organic nature, where hydrogen is replaced by chlorine atoms. The degree of saturation of such molecules with chlorine is different. COS has a pronounced insecticidal and acaricidal effect. In comparison with FOS, these compounds are more stable both in the organisms of animals and insects, and outside the organisms.

The mechanism of action of most COSs consists in the wedging of their molecules into sodium channels localized in the conducting nerve pathways and central synapses. As a result of incomplete overlap of sodium channels and the impossibility of their periodic closure, as well as from peritrins, a prolonged state of polarization occurs, manifested in the form of active movements, as a consequence of hyperexcitation with a transition to the phenomenon of paresis and paralysis.

Unlike many COSs, the mechanism of action of compounds of the cyclodian group (aldrin, endran) is to increase the elimination of acetylcholine from the presynaptic vesicles. Compounds of the aldrin type act on the receptor structures of the presynaptic membrane in a damaging manner, which ensures the excretion of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft in much larger quantities than normal, which ultimately leads to the development of overexcitation with a high percentage of insect death in the adult and larval stages. The high insecticidal and ascaricidal efficacy of COS made it possible to add one of the compounds called "hexa-chlorocyclic ohexane" to creolin.

High toxicity and long-term preservation of COS in the body and outside the body exclude their widespread use, and even more so compounds of the aldrin type.

Insecticidal and acaricidal substances are produced either in pure form (at 100% content of only one substance) or in the form of technical preparations, concentrates, dusts, concentrated emulsions with different contents of the active substance (AD IN).

Neocidol (Neocidolum).Oily, with a specific odor, not miscible with water, but well miscible with organic solvents.

Treatment of animals is contraindicated 20 days before slaughter and during lactation.

Baigon (Baigonum).White, crystalline, odorless substance, readily soluble in organic solvents. Forms a stable emulsion with water.

Produce 50% powder; 20% concentrate emulsion and 5% dust.

Applied externally in the form of emulsions and dusts.

Refers to substances with medium toxicity to animals. It is weakly resorbed through the skin. In an animal's body, after resorption, it is rapidly destroyed with the formation of non-toxic compounds excreted from the body mainly in the urine.

Baigon is an effective insecticidal acaricidal substance of contact and systemic action. Kills adults and larvae of diptera blood-sucking insects. Disinsection of livestock buildings against flies, mosquitoes and sarcoptic mites is carried out with a 2% aqueous suspension at the rate of 80-100 ml / m2 area. Poultry houses against chicken ticks and bedbugs, as well as barns against zoophilic flies are treated with 0.5% aqueous emulsion 1 time in 6-8 days at the rate of 25-50 or 2 .Cattle are protected from sting flies by spraying animals with a 0.5% aqueous emulsion.

Cypermethrin (Cipermetrinum).Viscous, yellow, low odor liquid, miscible with most organic solvents.

An emulsified concentrate with a content of 8-40% ADV is produced.

They are used externally and for pest control of livestock buildings. In relation to the body of animals - a substance with medium toxicity.

Places of localization of insects are sprayed with 0.02-0.4% water emulsion at 50-100 ml / m 2. Disinsection in livestock buildings is carried out every 20-30 days. In order to protect animals from insects, every 10-15 days, cattle are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion at the rate of 50 ml per cow and 25 ml per calf.

Cypermethrin is not used in milk collection points and halls, feeding rooms, milk dishes, malnourished and sick animals.

Permethrin (Permetrinum).An oily liquid is released with a content of 84-85% ADV.

Butox (Butox).Synonym for deltamethrin. Oily light yellow liquid, well emulsifiable in water.

The use of animals during lactation is contraindicated, and the slaughter of treated animals is allowed after 20 days.

Organochlorine compounds in veterinary practice are used much less frequently than other insectoacaricides, due to their higher toxicity and stability in the body of animals and outside the body.

ChOS are well resorbed, penetrate the placental and blood-brain barriers, accumulate, mainly concentrating as lipotropic substances in fat depots. Biotransformed slowly, excreted from the body in an altered and unchanged form with urine and milk.

Gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (Hexachlorcyclogexanum).Whitish-creamy, with a specific odor, crystalline powder.

Folbex.Crystalline compound well soluble in alcohol and acetone.

Used to combat varroosis in bees; processing is carried out in the spring - after departure and in the fall - after honey pumping at a temperature not lower than 12 ° С at the rate of one strip per 6 g of unhealthy honeycomb frames.

Creolins are phenol-free and stabilized.In the first version, a mixture of coal oils and rosin, and in the second version - a mixture of coal oils, rosin and bottoms of butyl alcohols. Oily liquid of dark brown color, with the smell of coal oils. Phenol-free creolin thickens in the cold due to the precipitation of naphthalene; stabilized - retains its physical properties in the cold.

Creolin is activated. INthe composition of the preparation includes coal oil, rosin (sodium salts of abietic and nimaric acids), ichthyol (sulfonate salts), water and 3% gamma isomer of HCH. Dark brown, thick liquid with a pungent smell of coal oils. Its disadvantage is its high alkalinity, which promotes the hydrolysis of HCH with a simultaneous decrease in insectoacaricidal activity. In the cold season, naphthalene precipitates. Heating such creolin at a temperature of 35-40 ° C helps to dissolve the sediment.

Plison (Plysonum).Suspension of 10-12% diphenyl disulfide in coal oil with the addition of surfactants rosin, OP-7, OP-10 or neonol. Viscous, creolin-smelling, dark liquid.

Used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in psoroptosis of sheep.

Poisoning of animals with creolin preparations is accompanied by a lack of appetite, chewing gum, the development of diarrhea, general depression, and coma. It is forbidden to use hexachlorancreolinic preparations in horses and cattle.

In Russia, 64 insectoacaricidal preparations are registered and partially produced on the basis of only six pure insectoacaricidal compounds.

Amitan (Amitan).The active ingredients are anitraz, permethrin, therapeutic additives and an emulsifier. It is used against scabies and ixodid ticks in dogs.

Bolfo aerosol (Bolfo).Aerosol containing 0.25 g of propoxur in 100 ml. It is used against lice, fleas, chewing lice, lice and ixodid ticks in dogs and cats.

Demos (Demos).Liniment, which contains sulfur and auxiliary components. Effective for psoroptosis in rabbits and otodectosis in carnivores.

Entomosan (Entomosanum).Liquid concentrate containing 20% \u200b\u200bperitroid perimethrin. Effective insectoacaricidal agent.

Creolin-X (Creolin-X).Emulsion concentrate. Contains 2.5% cyporetrin, phenol-free coal creolin and excipients. Has an insectoacaricidal effect.

Avertin (Avertinum).Solution, contains a group of avermectins in 1% concentration. The drug is a broad insect-acaricidal spectrum of action.

Ivermec.1 ml of solution contains 10 mg of ivermectin, 40 mg of vitamin E, a preservative and an aqueous-organic base.

INSECTOACARICIDES

In the complex of methods for combating arthropods, the use of various chemicals of natural or synthetic origin is of great importance. In this case, a distinction is made between agents used against insects (insecticides) and against ticks (acaricides). Many drugs are used simultaneously to combat ticks and insects. In this regard, for the convenience of presenting and using the material, we consider it expedient to place information on insecticides and acaricides in one section.

It should be remembered that the vast majority of insectoacaricides can be extremely dangerous for animals and humans, therefore, handling them requires accuracy, clarity, punctuality, correct preparation of working solutions, compliance with the terms and doses of their use. Particular attention should be paid to maintaining personal hygiene conditions. The waiting times for the use of milk and meat must be observed when animals are used with insectoacaricides. Permethrin

For many years, there has been a search for effective, affordable, harmless, cheap and environmentally friendly means of dealing with arthropods - insects and ticks, many of which are dangerous to humans and cause significant damage to the national economy.

In the last 30-40 years, close attention has been paid to natural pyrethrins, and then to their synthetic analogs - pyrethroids. They attracted researchers by their high efficiency, low toxicity for mammals, rapid destruction and elimination of warm-blooded animals from the body. Pyrethroids are highly lipophilic, so they quickly penetrate the vital organs of arthropods. In terms of activity, pyrethroids significantly exceed organochlorine and organophosphorus compounds, as well as carbamic acid esters.

Permethrin, containing a mixture of cis and trans isomers in a ratio of 2: 3, is an oily liquid with a low odor, readily soluble in organic solvents. Pyrethroids are nerve poisons. It is known that the insecticidal activity of pyrethroids increases with decreasing temperature. Increased activity of metabolic processes in the body of insects with high temperatures promotes more rapid disintegration of drugs, thereby weakening their insecticidal effect. Permethrin belongs to moderately toxic compounds: its LD50 for rats is 430-4000 mg / kg, for mice it is 540-2690 mg / kg.

There are numerous studies of permethrins against insects. Thus, the effectiveness of anometrin-N (analogue of permethrin, contains a mixture of trans and cis isomers) against Hyalomma plumbeum ticks was established. At 0.1% concentration, this drug protected cattle for 3 ... 4 days. Similar efficacy was obtained with the use of 0.05% concentration of the drug.

Mechanical aerosols of permethrin, applied at a dose of 2 mg ai / m, are effective against flies. Regular treatments carried out once a week keep the number of flies at a significantly low level. During the treatment and 30-minute exposure in the indoor air, a permethrin concentration is created equal to 0.6 mg / m, which is 5 times lower than the OBUV (3 mg / m). At the indicated dose, the aerosols of this preparation are not toxic to animals, and its residual amounts were found only in skin samples.

For systematic use against midges, permethrin is recommended at a dose of 0.250 g per adult animal and 0.125 g each when treating young animals by the method of medium-volume spraying with 0.05% water emulsion, respectively, 500 and 250 ml each and by the method of low-volume spraying with 0.25% emulsion 100 and 50 ml per animal.

An increase in doses in the treatment of calves by 10 times did not cause significant deviations from their physiological parameters.

A high insecticidal activity of permethrin preparations against horseflies and flies was established, rational modes of their use for treating cattle against gnat were determined.

Systematic, as required, low-volume spraying with 0.25% emulsion or medium-volume spraying with 0.05% emulsion of these preparations using SHGRU provide effective protection against nasal insects, prevent a decrease in the average daily milk yield per cow by 0.850-1.750 liters.

In these modes, permethrin is non-toxic, does not accumulate in the body and is not excreted in milk. Proteid is a drug produced by Cyanamid, USA. It is a microemulsion based insectoacaricide containing 3% alphacypermethrin and 30% chlorfenvinphos, which have a synergistic effect. A 20-fold overdose of the drug does not cause toxic effects in animals. It is allowed to use milk for food 6 hours after the processing of livestock, slaughter for meat - after 7 days.

The drug has a prolonged action, i.e. protects animals for 42-56 days from scabies mites, for 12 weeks - from ixodid mites. High lipophilicity ensures long-term preservation of the drug on the skin. Proteid has strong repellent properties. The drug has low toxicity. It is active against eggs, larval and adult forms of itch mites, various types of flies and ruminant lice. The processing of animals is carried out at an air temperature of at least 180 C in a 0.1% concentration of the proteid based on the consumption of the working emulsion per head of 5-10 liters. Precipitation does not affect the duration of drug action after animal treatment. When signs of poisoning appear in animals, atropine sulfate is used. Personal prevention measures should be followed.

Mustang is an aqueous emulsion containing 10% zetacypermethrin pyrethroid. Unlike other analogues of cypermethrin, mustang has 2 times more cis and trans isomers that determine the biological activity of the drug. Mustang is produced by FISi Corporation, USA.

Studies have shown that the LD50 for white mice was 315 mg / kg, which puts it in the third hazard class. CK50 for Lricimis was 0.0000058%.

When cows were treated with a drug at a concentration of 0.0124% (which is an order of magnitude higher than the recommended one), all ixodid ticks died, and the drug was not found in milk. After processing, slaughter of animals can be carried out after 12 days.

Based on the studies carried out, the effective dose of mustang was determined - 0.3 ml per animal or 0.006% aqueous emulsion when spraying cows at the rate of 0.5 liters per animal.

Comparing the cost of consumption per animal of mustang with well-known drugs - blotic, butox and cymbush, it was found that 1 liter of mustang can be treated with 3.3 thousand cows, blot - 130 animals, butox - 660 animals, cymbush - 660 animals. , the cost of 1 liter of mustang is $ 24.0; blotics - $ 27.5; butoxa - $ 25.0; cymbush - $ 25.5; the cost of diazinon is twice as high.

The active ingredient of ectomin is cis-isomer-containing cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid. Derived from natural pyrethroids, synthetic drugs belong to the most modern class of insecticides and acaricides.

The empirical formula of ectomin is С22Н19С2О3, molecular weight 416.3. The drug is a viscous yellow-brown semi-liquid mass with a melting point of 30-600C. The dissolution level in water is about 1: 100000, it also dissolves in most organic solvents.

In the study of acute toxicity for rats, it was found that the LD50 in ectomin is 100 k.e. 1108 mg / kg (acute oral) and more than 2000 mg / kg (acute dermal).

The active ingredient and 10% ectomin emulsion concentrate are low-toxic for mammals. The active substance is slightly irritating to the skin, minimally to the eyes of rabbits. The drug is practically non-toxic to birds, but highly toxic to fish and bees. It is characterized by rapid metabolism and removal from the body of animals, as well as rapid decay.

Ectomin can be administered to cattle and small ruminants, pigs, poultry and used to treat livestock buildings. It is effective against ixodid ticks, for scabies, and is indicated for fighting flies, lice, sheep bloodsuckers, and gadfly larvae.

For cattle for irrigation of the body surface and for bathing in baths ectomin-100 k.e. used in 0.1% concentration, for spraying the body along the ridge - 0.5% concentration.

For sheep and pigs, for spraying the body and bathing in baths, the drug is used in 0.1% concentration, and for spraying poultry - 0.1-0.2% concentration.

When processing livestock buildings, ectomin is used in a 1-2% concentration.

3 days before slaughtering animals, they should not be treated with ectomin. When using the drug, milk can be used for food purposes.

Ectopor is a low-toxic substance that does not irritate the skin of animals, but irritates the eyes of rabbits. Cypermethrin with a high content of cis isomers is practically non-toxic to birds, but toxic to fish and bees. For the ectopore, the LD50 for rats (acute oral and acute dermal) is more than 2000 mg / kg.

The finished ectopore is applied to the surface of the skin of the back of the animals in the form of a jet directly from the vials, while no sprayers or baths are needed. The dose of ectopore for ruminants is 1 ml per 5 kg of live weight. Slaughter of animals after the application of ectopore is allowed after 3 days. When working with an ectopore, personal prevention measures must be followed.

Neocidol

Neocidol (diazinon) refers to organophosphorus compounds with the empirical formula d ^ H ^^ O ^ S and a molecular weight of 304.35. The active ingredient is diazinon. It is a yellow-brown liquid with a boiling point of 840C and a solubility in water at 200C of 40 mg / l.

LD50 for white rats of neocidol-600 ae. with oral administration it is 1053 mg / kg, when applied to the skin - more than 3100 mg / kg. The drug is toxic to bees, birds and some fish species. Cattle tolerate a dose of 16 mg / kg of live weight without toxic symptoms, sheep - 20 mg / kg, pigs do not show symptoms of toxicosis after a single treatment with a 0.25% drug or three times with an interval of 7 days 0.005% -th neocidol.

For spraying cattle neocidol-600 k.e. used in 0.1% concentration, pigs - 0.04%. For bathing sheep, the drug is used in 0.042% concentration, and for cattle in 0.01% concentration.

For disinfection of livestock buildings, neocidol-600 k.e. take in 4% concentration at the rate of 5 liters of solution per 100 square meters of area.

The drug has a high degree of biodegradation, its half-life in soil is 1-4 weeks, depending on climatic and other conditions. Unlike organochlorine compounds, neocidol does not accumulate in the food chain. It is adsorbed in the soil, therefore it is not washed out into groundwater.

Animals are treated with neotsiodol 14 days before slaughter. Milk for food purposes can be used 3 days after processing. When working with neociodol, personal precautions should be followed.

Butox (deltamethrin) belongs to the group of synthetic pyrethroids with empirical formulas C22 H19 Br2 N O3 and a molecular weight of 505.2. Melting point 98-1010 C. Like other synthetic pyrethroids, butox dissolves in mineral and vegetable oils and is practically insoluble in water. In this regard, when introduced into the body in oil solutions, it is toxic, and when using aqueous suspensions, it is non-toxic. For example, when administered orally to white rats in the form of oil solutions, the LD50 is 135 mg / kg, and when administered in the form of an aqueous suspension, it is more than 5000 mg / kg.

Butox is effective against ixodid and scabies mites, lice, flies, sheep suckers, etc. Animals are sprayed with a suspension of the drug, you can bathe in baths, spray Butox powder.

Against ixodid ticks, animals are treated with butox at 0.0025% concentration. Against scabies mites, the drug is used for prophylaxis once at a 0.003% concentration, and treated animals with butox are treated with 0.005% drug twice with an interval of 810 days. Butox is applied in 0.0025% concentration against lice, flies and other insects. When animals get in the rain, the effectiveness of the drug does not decrease.

Slaughter of animals for meat and consumption of milk is allowed immediately after the use of Butox. When working with the drug, personal prevention measures should be followed.

Stomozan

Alfacron

Alfacron-10 is a wettable powder containing 10% azametiphos, a member of the organophosphate group. The drug is low-toxic to mammals, is easily and quickly metabolized and hydrolyzed in water. The drug is toxic to bees and fish.

For spraying, 500 g of Alfacron-10 is thoroughly mixed with 4 l warm water and treated against flies 100 m2 of floor or 200 m2 of wall surface.

For spreading, take 250 g of alfacron-10 and mix with 250 ml of water. Approximately 2% of the surface is treated for every 100 m 2 of floor or 200 m of wall surface. The drugs are used on the day of preparation. The antidote is atropine. When working with alfacron-10, personal prevention measures must be followed.

Tifatol-300 k.e. contains 30% cimiazole (amidine) in the form of an emulsifying concentrate. The drug is used to combat ixodid ticks and lice in cattle and horses in 0.1% concentration. Animals older than 4 weeks of age, except for sick and weakened ones, are subjected to treatments. Treatments of animals with tyfatol are well tolerated.

After the treatment of animals with tifatol, slaughter is allowed after 3 days, milk is used without restrictions. Avoid getting the preparation on human skin.

Neporex

Neporex VRG-2 (water-soluble granulate) contains 2% cyromazine, which is a triazine derivative.

Neporex inhibits the growth of fly larvae in liquid manure and in fermenting residues of feed. The drug can be used in the form of a powder or an aqueous solution.

When disinfecting rooms with Neporex, where calves and young cattle for fattening are kept, three litter treatments are carried out with an interval of 14 days. It is best to work the floor along the walls, where the brood of flies usually takes place. To do this, 250 g of granulate is used to treat a strip 20 m long and 50 cm wide.

In the room where the pigs are kept, two treatments are carried out with an interval of 14 days. To do this, 250 g of granulate is needed to treat 10 m2 of floor area (slotted or perforated floor) or 20 g of powder dissolved in water for processing 20 m2 of floor area. Avoid contact with the eyes, skin and clothing, and observe general rules of personal safety.

Cyperil is an insectoacaricidal drug, the active principle of which is cypermethrin (RS) -3-phenoxybenzyl (IRS ^ ipk ;, trans-3- (2,2-dichloro-vinyl) -2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate.

Cyperil is a yellowish liquid with an aromatic odor, containing 5% cypermethrin, well emulsified in water.

Cyperil has a wide spectrum of action on insects and ticks, causing their paralysis, and then death. For warm-blooded animals, the drug is moderately toxic: the LD50 for rats of the active principle of cyperil when administered orally is 251 mg / kg, when applied to the skin - 1600 mg / kg, the LD50 of cyperil itself is 2080 mg / kg and 2000 mg / kg of body weight, respectively. Dosage and administration

Cattle. Non-milking cattle for protection from ixodid ticks are sprayed with 0.005-0.0125% emulsions of the drug until the skin and hair cover is completely wetted once every 7-10 days, against psoroptosis twice with an interval of 10-12 days. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed 15 days after the last treatment. In the case of the forced slaughter of animals earlier than this period, the meat is used to feed animals or other types of animals.

Cows and young cattle against stinging flies and field flies, carriers of the causative agents of thelaziosis, are sprayed with 0.0125% cyperil emulsion at a rate of 20-50 ml per animal, applying the drug superficially to the back and head. The first spraying is carried out shortly after the start of the grazing season, then the treatment is repeated 2 times with an interval of 3 weeks.

To protect against midges (mosquitoes, flies, horseflies, midges, biting midges), animals are sprayed with 0.0125% emulsion with an interval of 2-3 days, and with a high number of insects, daily before pasture pasture with a consumption rate of 250-500 ml. Milk from treated cows is used without restrictions, the term for slaughtering animals is not regulated.

Sheep against psoroptosis, sheep runes and lice are thoroughly sprayed or bathed in a 0.005% aqueous emulsion of cyperil twice with an interval of 10-12 days. Refueling of the bath is carried out with a 0.0075% emulsion. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed after 15 days. When slaughtered earlier than this period, the meat is used to feed animals or other types of animals.

Poultry houses against chicken ticks, bedbugs, flies are sprayed with a 0.0125% emulsion of the preparation with a consumption rate of 100-200 ml / m2 after the birds have been removed from the premises.

Pigs and horses against sarcoptic mange and lice are sprayed with 0.0125% cyperil emulsion twice with an interval of 10-12 days. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed after 10 days.

Dogs, cats, arctic foxes, foxes, other carnivores against pathogens of scabies, demodicosis, fleas, lice, ixodid ticks are sprayed

0.0125% aqueous emulsion of Cyperil until the affected areas or the entire skin and hair are completely wetted. Re-processing is carried out after 8-10 days.

For disinsection of premises against indoor and other types of flies, fleas and mosquitoes, a 0.0125% aqueous emulsion of Cyperil is used with a consumption rate of 100-200 ml / m2 by spraying.

Against flies, selectively irrigate their landing sites, as well as the outer walls of buildings, waste bins and manure storages. Repeated treatments are carried out as the number of insects increases.

Against cockroaches, their habitats are selectively treated, possible ways movement and shelter (cracks in the walls, ventilation holes, surfaces behind heating devices etc.) 0.1% drug emulsion.

To destroy fleas, the walls are sprayed to a height of 1 m and the floor.

To kill mosquitoes, the places where they accumulate (walls, ceilings, window frames), as well as the outer walls of buildings, are selectively sprayed. Mosquito larvae in non-fishery reservoirs, in the basements of buildings and structures are destroyed by applying a 0.0125% emulsion to the water surface in an amount of 100 ml / m2.

When preparing an aqueous emulsion, a weighed portion of cyperil is mixed with a small amount of water (1: 3) and, with thorough mixing, is added to a bath or spray container with a measured amount of water.

Working emulsions are prepared immediately before use in accordance with the instructions.

Forms of release and storage conditions. Produced in glass and polyethylene bottles with a capacity of 0.06-0.5-1 liters and polyethylene cans of 2-5-10 liters. Cyperil is stored in a sealed original packaging away from heat sources and open flames at a temperature not exceeding 300C in a non-residential area, inaccessible to unauthorized persons, under lock and key. Cyperil is transported by any means of transport in compliance with the current rules.

Shelf life. Warranty period storage - 2 years. Produced by Narvak (Moscow).

Acaromectin

It is a colorless transparent liquid with a faint odor, which is a solution of ivermectin in organic solvents.

Dosage and Administration

In case of ear scabies in dogs and cats, acaromectin is applied from a bottle with a spray to the inner surface of the auricle in an amount of 1 -2.5 ml, ensuring uniform wetting of the skin and crusts.

In sarcoptic mange and demodocosis of dogs, notoedrosis of cats and dogs, acaromectin is used to moisten the affected areas of the body with mites.

Against lice, lice and fleas acaromectin is applied small areas on the outer surface of the ears, back of the head, neck, back. At the same time, fleas are disinfected with an insecticide of the litter, floor and other breeding sites.

Release form and storage. Acaromectin is produced in 25 ml polyethylene bottles with an aerosol spray.

Store acaromectin in a sealed original packaging, away from heat sources, open flames, in a dry room at a temperature not exceeding 300 C under lock and key (list B).

Otodectin

Dosage and Administration Otodectin is used in dogs, cats, arctic foxes, foxes, other carnivores, patients with ear scabies, sarcoptic mange, notoedrosis, demodecosis, nematodes (Toxocara canis, Toxocara leonina, Ancilostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala), as well as

The drug is injected under the skin in the forearm or behind the humeral joint in compliance with the rules of asepsis from a syringe with a short needle (1.5-2.0 cm) at a dose of 0.2 ml / kg (200 μg / kg a.i.) of body weight ...

Against demodicosis, otodectin can be used in combination with cutaneous therapy; against fleas, the litter, floor and other breeding sites are disinfected with insecticides permitted for these purposes.

Release form. Otodectin is produced in the form of a sterile 0.1% solution in glass or polyethylene bottles with a capacity of 1-20 ml or ampoules of 1-5 ml.

Storage conditions. Store otodectin in a sealed original packaging, away from heat sources, open flames, in a dry room at a temperature not exceeding 300 C (list B).

Shelf life. The guaranteed shelf life is 5 years from the date of manufacture. Produced by Narvak (Moscow).

Injectable hypodectin

Hypodectin injection is a solution of 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1 in organic solvents. A ready-to-use preparation in the form of a colorless transparent liquid with a low odor.

Biological properties.

In doses used for hypodermatosis, it is not toxic to cattle.

Dosage and Administration

The drug is injected subcutaneously in the lower third of the neck for adult animals at a dose of 2 ml, for young animals weighing up to 200 kg - 1 ml.

For the purpose of early chemotherapy, the entire herd is treated in the fall in September, October, November.

In the spring (in March), when the first fistulous capsules (nodules) appear, depending on the extent of the lesion, all livestock or only animals affected by larvae are treated.

Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed no earlier than 5 days after the use of the drug.

Release form and storage conditions.

Hypodectin injection is produced in glass vials of 10-500 ml. They are transported by any type of transport in compliance with the current rules. It is not allowed to transport the drug together with food and feed. Store hypodectin injection in a sealed original packaging in a dark room, away from heat sources and open flames under lock and key (list B) at a temperature not exceeding 300 C.

Shelf life. 5 years from the date of manufacture. Produced by Narvak (Moscow).

Acrodex drug

The drug Acrodex is used for demodicosis and scabies in animals. It is produced in 385 ml aerosol cans or in Rosinka non-propellant cans (the kit includes one spray head and four 500 ml containers). The drug is stored at a temperature of 5-20 ° C. The shelf life of the drug is 1 year.

The drug acrodex in the form of an aerosol is applied to the entire skin of the animal from a distance of 20-30 cm for 25-30 s.

With demodicosis, the drug is used four times with an interval of 5-7 days, with psoroptosis, twice with an interval of 8-12 days. 5-6 heads of adult cattle are treated from one can of 385 ml, 7-8 heads are treated from the Rosinka can. Do not spray Acrodex near open fire, overheat cans with the drug above 50 ° C. When working with Acrodex, you must use a gauze bandage or respirator. During this time, you can not smoke and eat. After finishing work, wash your hands with warm water and soap.

Dermatosol

Dermatosol in propellant-free cans "Rosinka" is used for demodectic mange and scabies in animals. The complex consists of a spray head and four hermetically sealed containers of 500 ml. The shelf life of the drug is 1 year.

Dermatosol is used to treat the entire surface of the animal's body from a distance of 20-30 cm for 25-30 seconds.

With demodicosis, the drug dermatosol is used four times with an interval of 5-7 days, with psoroptosis, twice with an interval of 8-10 days. One capacity of the preparation is enough for processing 7-8 heads of adult cattle.

When working with the drug dermatosol, it should be remembered that it must not be sprayed near an open flame, or heated over 50 ° C. The respiratory organs must be covered with a gauze bandage or respirator. Do not eat or smoke while working with the drug. After finishing work, be sure to wash your hands with warm water and soap.

Aerol-2 is a homogeneous mobile liquid of dark - brown color, forms a stable emulsion with water. The shelf life in a closed container is 1.5 years.

In the form of thermomechanical aerosols, the drug is used to combat flies and ticks indoors. Aerol-2 is highly toxic to humans and animals, therefore, special precautions are taken when working with the drug. Thermomechanical aerosols are obtained using the AG-UD-2 generator. In the absence of poultry, the treatment of poultry houses is carried out with aerosols at the rate of 20 ml of the drug per 1 m of the room twice with an exposure of each treatment for 24 hours. The first treatment is carried out before mechanical cleaning, the second - after it. After treatments, the poultry houses are ventilated for 6 hours.

Similarly, premises for cattle are treated against ixodid ticks. After airing the premises, drinkers and feeders are washed with warm water.

Workers who are familiar with the instructions for operating it are allowed to work with the generator, subject to all safety rules.

Chlorophos

Chlorophos (dipterex) is a white crystalline powder, soluble in water (24.2% at 35 ° C) and many organic solvents. In an alkaline environment, chlorophos is hydrolyzed to form the highly toxic compound DDVF (dimethyl dichloro vinyl phosphate).

Chlorophos is produced in the form of 97% pure or 80% technical preparations, 50 and 80% wettable powders, etc.

The drug is of medium toxicity, effective as an insectoacaricide and an anthelmintic. The drug inhibits cholinesterase.

Chlorophos is used for hypodermatosis by rubbing it into the skin of the back of an animal in the form of a 4% (according to ADV) solution at a dose of 200-250 ml per animal. In addition, hypodermosis-chlorophos 11.6% - oil-alcohol solution of chlorophos is used for hypodermatosis.

For sarcoptic mange of pigs, 1-2% solutions of chlorophos are used, for psoroptosis of ruminants and for the fight against ixodid ticks - 1% solution.

In case of chlorophos poisoning, atropine is considered the best antidote in a dose for cattle of 1 ml per 100 kg of live weight in the form of a 1% solution, for sheep - 0.5-1 ml per head. If necessary, the introduction of atropine is repeated after 1-2 hours in similar doses.

To avoid the formation of DDWF, overheating of chlorophos solutions above 50 ° C, as well as its contacts with alkalis, should not be allowed.

Slaughter of animals for meat after treatment with chlorophos is allowed after 21 days. When working with the drug, take precautions.

Composition: 100 ml of Neguvon contains 10 g of the active ingredient - metrifonate.

The Neguwon is designed to control the migratory larvae of subcutaneous gadflies.

Neguvon solution N is a ready-made solution that is applied once using a dosing device in a thin stream along the spine on the back of the animal at the rate of:

In order to prevent hypodermatosis, animals should be treated in the fall, after the end of the summer of gadflies. If the treatment did not take place in the fall, it must be carried out against the larvae of the gadflies of the second and third stages in the spring.

Animals should not be processed in the period from December to March, since at this time the gadfly larvae migrate in the spinal canal and, if destroyed, paralysis may occur there.

Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed no earlier than one day after the treatment. Milk from treated cows is used without restriction (Recommendations from Bayer AG).

Do not use other cholinesterase inhibitors, phenothiazine preparations and muscle relaxants 10 days before and within 10 days after using Neguvone.

In case of severe intoxication, for example, severe convulsions, ataxia, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, 1% solution of atropine sulfate should be used as an antidote intravenously or intramuscularly at a dose for cattle - 2.5 ml per 100 kg of live weight.

Areas of the body that come into contact with the drug should be thoroughly washed.

Packaging: 1000 ml bottle. The drug is produced by Bayer AG, Germany.

Benzophosphate

The active principle of benzophosphate is 0,0-diethyl ^ (6-chloro-benzoxazolinyl-3-methyl) -dithiophosphate. It is a white crystalline substance with a melting point of 45-47 ° C, poorly soluble in water. The drug is produced in the form of a 30% emulsifiable concentrate, the shelf life is 2 years.

Benzophosphate is moderately toxic to warm-blooded animals. It has high acaricidal, insecticidal and ovocidal properties.

To combat ixodic ticks in cattle, benzophosphate is used by spraying it once a week with a 0.2% emulsion at a consumption rate of 2-4 liters per animal. For bathing cattle, a 0.15% emulsion is used, for sheep - a 0.2% emulsion.

In the premises, ixodid ticks are destroyed by spraying with a 0.2% emulsion of the drug at the rate of 200 ml / m2 of the surface. Treatment of lactating cows with benzophosphate is not allowed. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed to be carried out 40 days after the last treatment with benzophosphate.

Poultry houses (without birds) are treated with 0.25% benzophosphate emulsion at a temperature of 25 ° C at the rate of 100-200 ml / m2 of surface. In case of intoxication in animals, a 1% solution of atropine sulfate is administered intramuscularly to cattle 1 ml per 100 kg of live weight, to sheep - 0.5-1 ml per head.

When working with benzophosphate, use individual means protection.

Karbofos

Karbofos (vetiol) is the active principle of 0,0-dimethyl ^ - (1,2-bis-dicarboethoxyethyl) -dithiophos. It is an oily liquid, poorly soluble in water. The drug is produced in the form of a 30-40 or 50% concentrate.

Shelf life is 2 years.

For warm-blooded animals, karbofos is moderately toxic, has cumulative properties, lingering in the body of animals for up to 10-12 days. The drug is used against flies, bedbugs, scabies and other mites. For scabies of sheep in baths with 0.25% aqueous emulsion, a one-time prophylactic purchase and a two-time curative one are organized with an interval of 10 days. Slaughter of sheep for meat is allowed 5 days after processing. For the treatment of poultry houses against ticks, a 0.25-0.5% concentration of karbofos is used at the rate of 150-200 ml of emulsion per 1 m2 of surface.

When animals are poisoned, they are injected with a 1% solution of atropine intramuscularly, 0.5 ml per head.

When working with karbofos, observe necessary rules safety, use personal protective equipment.

Dichlorophos

Dichlorophos (DDVF, brevenil, chlorvinphos) chemically represents 0,0-dimethyl-0,2-dichloro-vinyl phosphate. It is a colorless or yellowish liquid that has bad smell, poorly soluble in water. The drug is produced in the form of a 50% emulsifiable concentrate or 80% technical preparation. Shelf life is 2 years.

The drug is used in the form of aerosols in pigsties in the presence of animals (except for artificial insemination stations and queen cells with newborn piglets). For this, generators AG-UD-2 are used. Indoor temperature should be 18-19 ° С. The drug is used in the form of a 1% aqueous emulsion at the rate of 2 ml / m3 at an emulsion flow rate of 1.25 liters per minute and an engine speed of 3000 rpm. After processing, the exposure is maintained for 30 minutes, the premises are ventilated.

In the absence of equipment in the premises, at the rate for every 1000 m3, containers are staggered, into each of which 1 kg of chlorophos and 1 kg of sodium hydroxide are added, 1 liter of water is added and mixed. The operator must leave the premises. The disinfection exposition also lasts 30 minutes. After this, the premises are ventilated.

The drug is also used to treat cattle against gnat. To do this, a 0.5% emulsion is used on the pasture at the rate of 500 ml of the drug for an adult animal and 300 ml for one head of young animals.

Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed 3 days after the last treatment. As an antidote, if necessary, 1% atropine sulfate is used at the rate of 0.5 ml per 100 kg of live weight. When working with the drug, personal safety measures should be observed.

Dikresil

Chemically, it is methyl-carbamic acid dikresiol ester. White crystalline substance, insoluble in water. Available in the form of a 30% emulsifying concentrate, 40% powder or 7% dust. The drug is moderately toxic for warm-blooded animals. The shelf life of concentrate and dust is 2 years, of powder - 1 year.

Cattle affected by scabies or ixodid mites are treated with 0.75% dikresil emulsion at the rate of 3 liters per animal. Animals are treated against ixodid ticks once every 6 days.

To buy sheep with scabies, use a 0.5% emulsion of the drug, for deacarization of premises - 1% emulsion. In sarcoptic mange, pigs are treated twice with 0.5% aqueous emulsion at the rate of 1-2 liters per animal with an interval of 8-10 days.

Slaughter of livestock is allowed for meat in 7, pigs - in 10 days after the last treatment. When working with dikresil, personal safety measures must be observed.

Chemically - 0,0-diethyl-0,3,5,5-tri-chloropyridyl phosphate. It is a white crystalline substance, poorly soluble in water. The drug is produced in the form of 12%, 40.8%, 25% concentrates, 25%, 40.8% and 50% oil solutions, as well as in the form of 1% or 10% granules ... Dursban has a shelf life of 1 year.

Sheep are bathed in baths with psoroptosis using 0.1% Dursban emulsion twice every 10 days. Lactating cattle are not treated.

Slaughter of cattle is allowed after 20 days, and sheep - 30 days after the last treatment with dursban. When working with the drug, personal protective equipment is used.

The active principle of sebacil (valexon) is 0,0-diethyl-thiophosphoryl-a-ox-imino-phenyl-sodium acetic acid. It is a brown oily liquid, slightly soluble in water. Shelf life is 2 years. Available as a 50% concentrate.

The drug is low-toxic to animals. It is used for psoroptosis in sheep in the form of aqueous emulsions with a content of 0.05-0.1% ADV. The sheep are bathed once for the prevention of psoroptosis in 0.05% emulsion, twice in 10 days in 0.1% sebacil emulsion.

With psoroptosis, cattle are treated with 0.1% sebacil emulsion twice every 10 days at a room temperature of at least 10 ° C. The premises are treated with the same concentration of the drug at the rate of 400 ml / m2 of area.

After treatment with sebacil, slaughter of sheep for meat is allowed after 25 days, cattle - after 22 days.

In case of animal poisoning, 1% atropine sulfate is administered intramuscularly at a dose of 2 ml / 100 kg of live weight.

When working with the drug, you must observe safety measures.

Insectol

The active ingredient of insectol is pyrethroid neopinamine. It is a white crystalline powder, practically insoluble in water. The drug is produced in propellant-free containers of 450 g each or in an aerosol pack of 170 g. Shelf life of the drug is 1 year. The drug should be stored away from fire and feed, in the shade, at a temperature of 5 to 25 ° C.

Insectol is low-toxic for warm-blooded animals. It is used for treatment against insects and mites at milk collection points, feed kitchens, sanitary slaughterhouses, and warehouses. The drug is used in rooms where there are no animals and in which there are no products. One cylinder weighing 170 g is enough to treat 1 m3 of a room. The exposure after treatment is kept for 1.5 h, then the rooms are ventilated.

When working with insectol, personal protective equipment should be used.

Stomoxin

Stomoxin is the commercial name of the preparations produced by the English company ShePsoche using the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin.

Stomoxin contains 25% cis isomer and 75% trans isomer of permethrin, which provides it safe use for animals, as well as for the treatment of premises.

The product is available in the form of an easy-to-spray powder containing 25% permethrin, which is applied to the surface of the premises to control flies. For the same purpose, you can treat cattle with oil containing 20% \u200b\u200bpermethrin or a preparation of turpentine balsam. It contains 0.1% permethrin, which, in addition to fighting flies, heals wounds and abrasions on animals.

The article provides an overview of all the main medicines as well as other methods of combating tick-borne piroplasmosis. The article is compiled on the basis of many other similar reviews and, thus, the goal here was to combine all the information available on the Internet from other articles and present it in a concise and accessible way.
When starting to study the article, the reader should remember that there is no way to eliminate the risk of infection with piroplasmosis by 100%, just as no means can protect a dog from tick bites by 100%. It is only possible to minimize the risks. Each separate section of this article is written primarily to provide guidance on how to mitigate these risks. The main focus is on insectoacaricides - anti-mite drugs for dogs. However, other means are considered. In all cases, the first task was to present the information so that the reader could use the above to reduce the risk of infection with piroplasmosis.
All tabular data that you will see in the article in pictures, as well as some statistics are presented in the file.
I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the toxicity class in the diagram is given in conventional units and does not correspond to the existing classification of hazard classes of toxic substances.
Links to sources are numbered. In case the link turns out to be invalid over time, all materials are saved in pdf files on this page.
The article is still under review and revision.

Chemicals

I bring to your attention the most complete on this moment an overview of all existing insectoacaricides - anti-mite drugs for dogs. Here you will find almost all the funds of this type currently on the market.

Chemical agents for ticks by active ingredient

There are several fundamentally different anti-tick products on the market. The main thing you need to know about them: each anti-mite agent is created on the basis of one or another active substance. Consider existing types active substances and their differences from each other.

Chemicals: natural essential oils

Temporarily in development

The lower the P-rating, the lower the risk of poisoning when licking. Of course, on the basis of this table, one should not draw any far-reaching conclusions, since this is essentially the measurement of boas in parrots. In addition, note that the risk of skin reactions is not considered when calculating the oral NOEL dose for permethrin, so in practice, taking skin reactions into account, fipronil may be the most reliable drug.
When handling small breeds, young, old and lactating dogs, the risk of complications increases. The downside to dosing (for large dogs) is that there is a danger of applying a dose below the safe containment level, weakening the defense.

Toxicity to other species: Toxicity may be low to dogs, but high to cats, birds and other animals. A summary table of toxicity to various animals is given in the table

If a dog and a cat live in the same territory, then collars based on agents dangerous for cats should be abandoned, since the cat will be under constant influence of the collar. As for drops and sprays, it is necessary to exclude communication between a cat and a dog during treatment and do not spray in an apartment.

There are the following chemical insectoacaricide classes: organophosphates, amidines, carbamates, lactones, pyrethroids, phenylpyrazoles, isoxazolines. In addition, there is a separate group of synergistic substances that enhance the effect of other pesticides. Substances of the same chemical class have a similar molecular structure and the same mechanism of action. The differences between substances within the groups are small details, such as toxicity, degradability under the influence of light and some others.

At the end, we present the entire table again:

Insectoacaricide groups

Organophosphorus compounds (FOS, organophosphates)

• Toxicity: very high (chemical warfare agents, hazard class I-II for humans), easily absorbed through mucous membranes, damaged and intact skin, irritating the skin. They belong to the carcinogenic group 2A - 2B according to the IARC classification ("probably carcinogenic to humans"). FOS are irreversible inhibitors (acetylcholinesterase) of the mechanisms of transmission of nerve impulses. That is, they suppress chemical reactions, which are mechanisms for the transmission of nerve impulses in cells, without the possibility of restoring these reactions through detoxification mechanisms. This has a cumulative effect over time. For all these reasons, as well as because of the low safety margin at dosage at the moment in european countries and the United States is abandoning FOS, replacing them with more modern means.
• Poisoning symptoms: Drooling, watery eyes, sweating, pupillary constriction, uncontrolled eye movements, nausea, vomiting (especially in dogs), diarrhea, tenesmus (false urge to defecate), fecal incontinence, bradycardia (low heart rate), low blood pressure, bronchospasm , cough, tachypnea (rapid shallow breathing), shortness of breath (shortness of breath), frequent urination, anxiety accompanied by depression, tremors, ataxia (uncoordinated movements), muscle spasms, paralysis, lethargy, fatigue, convulsions and coma. Death due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles and pulmonary edema.
• Effects on ticks: contact. Causes: violation of motor functions -\u003e paralysis -\u003e death. The anti-mite effect is relatively low in terms of effectiveness
• Repellent properties: not mentioned
• Effects on other animals: Harmful to cats, bees, fish, birds and dogs
• Forms of exposure: to varying degrees (depending on the type of animal, place of application and dosage), FOS are absorbed into the blood through the skin. Just astonishing fact is that diazinon was produced (and is produced?) in drops and sprays. Dana and Beaphar drops are known in particular. In these products, diazinon is many times, thousands of times higher than the LOEL dosage, and it can be assumed that the use of the above drops causes poisoning with a high probability.
• Substances used: diazinon (diazinon, dimpylate, dimpilate), tetrachlorvinphos (Tetrachlorvinphos, TCVP).
• Spectrum of action of diazinon and tetrachlorvinphos: ixodid ticks, fleas, lice, sarcoptoid and demodectic ticks, mosquitoes, flies

List of drugs based on FOS

• beaphar Flea Drops drops
• beaphar Collar
• CEVA Elegant collar protection
• UltraGuard spray
• UltraGuard PLUS spray
• UltraGuard collar
• UltraGuard PLUS collar
• Dana drops
• Celandine Collar
• Preventef collar
• FLEAS & TICKS COLLAR collar
• LONGLIFE flea and tick collar collar
• Trixie collar
• Dr. ZOO collar

Carbamates: propoxur

• Toxicity: Less toxic than FOS (assigned II-III hazard class to humans). Unlike FOS, carbamates are reversible inhibitors (acetylcholinesterase) of the mechanisms of transmission of nerve impulses. This means that although carbamates have exactly the same mechanism of action as FOS, they are eliminated from the body through detoxification and the risk of cumulative effects is lower. In addition, they are not classified as known or possible carcinogens in terms of carcinogenicity. There are experiments in which the formation of tumors in rats has been shown, but subsequent experiments did not confirm these results. In some experiments, it was also found that propoxur inhibits the reproductive functions of rats and has an embryotic effect. Carbamates have a higher safety margin when dosed,
• Poisoning symptoms: the same as for FOS, but the complications are less serious.
• Information on resistance: cross-resistance with carbamates due to a similar mechanism of action, cross-resistance with pyrethroids is possible, the probability of tick resistance is high. Flea resistance is widespread.
• Effects on ticks: contact. Causes: violation of motor functions -\u003e paralysis -\u003e death. Effectiveness against ticks: average, higher than that of FOS.
• Repellent properties: not noted
• Effects on other animals: toxic to birds and bees, to a lesser extent to fish. When applied to the skin, it is not dangerous for dogs and cats if the risk of licking is excluded.
• Forms of exposure: propoxur is not absorbed by the skin, lingering mainly on the scalp. Propoxur is not available in drops, but it is widely used in collars, which is relatively safe in principle.
• Spectrum of action of propoxur: ixodid ticks, fleas, lice, sarcoptoid and demodectic ticks, mosquitoes, flies

List of drugs based on carbamates

• Bolfo Collar
• Bolfo Spray
• KILTIX Collar
• PROMERIS DUO drops
• Preventic collar
• Sergeant "s dual action collar
• Sergeant "s Bansect collar
• Zodiac Flea & Tick collar collar
• dooda flea & Tick collar
• BIO SPOT Active Care collar
• Drop certificate
• Bolfix bolfix collar
• Kilfly KILLFLEA collar

Amidines: amitraz

In some sources, amitraz is referred to the group of carbamates, probably because amidines are also derivatives of carboxylic acids. Apparently this is not a correct classification and amitraz should be attributed to a class of substances separate from carbamates

List of drugs based on phenylpyrazoles

• Frontline Spot On (Russian market)
• Frontline TopSpot (US market)
• Frontline Plus (US market)
• Frontline Combo (Russian market)
• Frontline Spray
• Mr. Bruno Drops
• Mr. Bruno Gentle Protection Spray
• PRAC-TIC drops
• ROLF CLUB drops
• ROLF CLUB collar
• Bars forte drops
• Bars forte spray
• Leopard collar
• BlochNet drops
• FleaNet spray
• Dana Ultra drops
• Phyprex drops
• Phyprex spray
• Celandine Drops
• Celandine MAXIMUM Drops
• Celandine MAXIMUM Collar
• Drop certificate
• INSPECTOR drops
• Fiprist drops
• Fiprist spray
• IN-AP complex drops
• Pet Armor Plus drops
• Pronyl drops
• Sentry Fiproguard drops
• FleaClear Spot On drops
• Eliminall drops
• Pestigon drops
• Sentry Fiproguard spray
• Rexolin Plus (Rexolin) drops
• HELP / Super HELP collar
• Barrier super drops
• Drop outpost
• Effipro drops
• Effitix drops
• ROLF CLUB spray
• First Defense drops

Isoxazolines

Isoxazolines are a new group of pesticides that appeared on the Russian market in 2015. They come in pill form. The active substance from the tablets is absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract and reaches the systemic circulation. Begins to act in 4 hours after application, the death of fleas in 8 hours after attachment to the host's body, ticks - in 12 hours.

• Toxicity: isoxazolines have two sites (sites) of action - they are non-competitive antagonists of the GABA receptors of nerve cells (with strong selectivity towards insects and weak towards mammals), as well as blockers of chloride channels of nerve and muscle cells. The “non-competitiveness” of the antagonist means that this action is much more difficult to overcome with the help of resistance mechanisms based on the acceleration of metabolism: the usual competitive antagonist can be “washed out” by a large volume of ligands, while the action of a non-competitive antagonist cannot be overcome by increasing the volume of ligands. No mutagenic effect was noted, carcinogenic tests were not carried out, embryonic effect was noted in rats at high doses. In general, the toxic hazard of isoxazolines is considered low, tests have shown that isoxazolines have a fivefold safety margin (symptoms of poisoning appear after a fivefold overdose).
• Poisoning symptoms: Vomiting (~ 4%), dry skin (~ 3%), diarrhea (~ 3%), lethargy (~ 1.5%), eating disorders (anorexia) (~ 1.2%)
• Resistance Details: Unknown
• Effects on ticks: exclusively intestinal, i.e. take effect after the tick begins to drink blood. Causes: Paralysis -\u003e Death
• Repellent properties: none
• Effects on other animals: not noted
• Known Substances: fluralaner (Bravecto), afoxolaner (Nexgard)
• Spectrum of action: ixodid ticks, fleas

To all this, it can be added that isoxazolines are excellent for mixing, since they are not applied to the skin and thus do not conflict with other substances in any way. Together with isoxazolines, it is advisable to use agents that have a repellent effect (those agents that are more likely to prevent tick bites). Isoxazolines are also great for dogs who like to bathe frequently (since it is obvious that they cannot be washed off the skin, unlike other products)

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Last modified: 04.06.2015