Cloves Chinese terry cultivation from seeds. Chinese carnation - "shanghai lights

In the Clove family, there are many both pure species and selection fruits. One of the undoubted achievements of breeders is the Chinese carnation. The ancestor of the species is Dianthus. Translated from the Greek language, the name literally means “wondrous flower”. Well, the Chinese carnation is named because it was brought from China to Europe at the very beginning of the 18th century. Chinese carnation is a perennial flower culturebut is often grown as an annual.

The plant has an erect stem, narrow lanceolate leaves of a dull green color. Valuable in gardening and landscape design the fact that it can continue to bloom for four months - from July to late autumn.

Flowers are single or arranged in bunches of 2-4 pieces. The colors are extraordinary. In general, dianthus did not initially differ in richness of color. Red "proletarian", pure white, deep pink. But after the breeders took up this flower, everything changed.

Today you can find Chinese carnations of all kinds of colors in flower-bed gardens:

purple;
variegated;
white and red;
cherry;
white and pink;
pearl white;
pink-crimson.

Flowers - very beautiful shape... The edges of the petals are finely toothed or deeply dissected. In the selection, semi-double and double forms, feathery, two-colored, striking the imagination with beauty.

By the way! In hybrid terry and velvet varieties, flowering is longer, up to five months. But it starts later than the usual non-double varieties, somewhere in the middle of July.

The secret of popularity

This plant has such a multipurpose use that only tagetes and bulbs can compare with it. But bulbs have a significant drawback - they bloom early and quickly fade. The carnation enters the flowering phase in the middle of summer, and pleases with its flowers for two seasons. Therefore, Chinese cloves are used for various purposes.

The Chinese carnation is a frequent visitor to summer cottages, front gardens and multi-season flower beds.

She is willingly decorated with city parks, planted in the form of borders, used for decorative floriculture.

Also, this flower is grown in containers on the balcony or in floor pots for outdoor decoration of the local area.

A Chinese carnation can comfortably exist on an alpine slide.

The plant, thanks to its bright colors, looks great on the lawn, therefore it is used for island and bouquet planting.

You can use this flower both for a monoclumba (one-color) and for a multicolor or multicolor flowerbed. Carnation is combined with undersized and tall plants.

Chinese carnation varieties

Scientists around the world are closely engaged in the selection of Chinese carnations. The Europeans were the most successful in this. It was they who bred the famous hybrid and terry varieties that are most popular today and in high demand among summer residents.

Variety	Description
"Diana"	Non-double, medium-sized, 25cm high, compact bush, flowering July-September
"Supra"	Non-double, spreading, bush height 25 cm, flowering - July-October
"Grace"	Terry, spreading, bush height 30 cm, flowering July-October
"Charms"	Semi-double, compact, bush height 20 cm, flowering July - end of September
"Chibo"	A mixture of Turkish and Chinese, compact bush 25 cm tall, blooms until mid-November from mid-July
"Dulce"	A mixture of Turkish velvet with Chinese, height 25 cm, compact bush. blooms - July-October

How to Grow Chinese Carnation Seeds

Chinese carnation chooses the most modest conditions for development. A well-lit area is suitable for her, but if there is none, it will grow in partial shade.

The soil is best suited for it with a good drainage component, loose and not at all heavy. But if not, it will grow and even bloom on almost any soil.

Important! This plant does not tolerate stagnant water. Planting in an area where water does not leave for a long time during rain or after irrigation is possible only with an artificially made drainage layer.

Cloves do not treat acidic soils very well. Stretching of shoots and weak flowering is possible. Before planting, lime the flower bed well. Dolomite flour is suitable for softening acidity and improving soil.

It is better to choose a site for a Chinese carnation warm. She does not like winds and drafts. In a calm, flower buds will be larger.

Before sowing a Chinese carnation or planting ready-made seedlings in the ground, you need to fertilize. Humus will do. As the peduncles grow and form, you can continue to feed mineral fertilizers.

The cultivation of Chinese carnation comes from seeds. On condition long-term cultivation (while maintaining the mother bush), the plant can be divided and cuttings. But the seed method of reproduction is recognized as the most effective, therefore it is the most popular.

Sowing seeds in open soil

Chinese carnation is not afraid of spring frosts, so it can be sown directly into the ground in early May. At the same time, there is no need to make any shelters - frosts down to -5 ° C, even on the soil, the seeds will be transferred calmly. This will even serve as an additional cold stratification for them. Usually sown in an open nursery, followed by transplantation of grown seedlings into flower beds.

If there is a danger of waterlogging, remove 25 cm of soil from the future flower bed, put drainage ( broken brick, pebbles) cover with soil. This makeshift drainage layer will be enough to drain excess water from the plant roots.
Before planting, fertilizers are not applied - this is done either in the fall (humus), or two weeks before sowing (nitrophoska).
The soil in the flower bed must be well loosened and moistened.
Prepare rows in the ground. A distance of at least ten centimeters must be observed between the rows.
The seeds are sown a centimeter apart. The depth is also one centimeter.
Sowing is covered with loose soil. You can cover it with a small layer of vermiculite.
The crops do not need to be covered, but on the seventh day, when the sprouts should begin to hatch, if the temperature continues to drop at night, they must be covered.

By the way! Optimum temperature germination of seeds of Chinese carnation + 16 ° С. Too hot weather will make her stretch out.

After four pairs of leaves, you can make a flower bed, pinching, at the same time, the top pair. So the plants will bush better and form more peduncles.

Growing carnation seedlings in an apartment

Seedling is always safer. Although you have to tinker with seedlings, many people prefer Chinese carnations, in order to avoid weather and other surprises, to grow seedlings. Sowing seeds can start in March.

Video - Picking seedlings

How to care for Chinese carnations

The plant is so unpretentious in care that even a debutant florist can easily carry it out.

Watering Chinese cloves is rarely necessary. She does not like excess water - it is worth remembering and never flooding the plants. During dry periods - twice a week. In the normal season - once a week, not more often.

It is mandatory to feed Chinese carnations. If initially the soil was fertile during planting and organic matter was introduced, you can start feeding one month after sowing or two weeks after planting the seedlings with regularity every 20 days. If the soil is not very fertile, a week after planting the first feeding follows, and then - 2-3 times a month.

Chinese cloves need to be fed like the rest flowering plants, alternating organic matter with mineral components. For successful flowering necessarily high potassium content. A nitrophoska will do. If you buy complex complexes, make sure that fertilizers for Chinese cloves do not contain chlorine.

Advice! Always apply top dressing after watering. The procedure, if the soil under the plants is not mulched, should be accompanied by loosening.

It is imperative to remove all stems with faded buds - they can rot and cause illness of the entire bush.

Chinese carnation can get sick with rust, root rot, spotting, fusarium and septoria. Also, young buds and leaves are damaged by aphids and spider mites. The damage is removed, the plant is treated with an insecticide. You can use Bordeaux liquid for prevention.

Perennial Chinese carnation overwinters normally in our climate. In late autumn, all stems should be cut, leaving about 10 cm above the soil. Then sprinkle the bushes, mulch with sawdust, foliage or peat, cover with spunbond. In the spring, you can open the carnation as early as April.

Chinese carnation can be grown without any problems at home., on the windowsill or on the balcony. But she will perfectly decorate the flower beds in the garden. In comfortable weather conditions, carnations can tolerate wintering, but they are usually grown every year. In conditions middle band it is best to grow with seedlings.

Growing Chinese carnation

Sowing clove seeds is necessary in loose, well-moistened soil. Seeds are spread on the surface of the finished soil, and they are covered with vermiculite on top. There is no need to cover the seeds with foil or glass, since the Chinese carnation is a frost-resistant plant. Growing from seeds should be done in February or March. A container with crops is placed in a bright place and sprayed from a spray bottle.

After the seedlings have germinated, they must be transplanted into separate pots. To keep the sprouts strong and healthy, they should be kept in a lighted, but not very warm place. Also not allowed sharp changes temperatures, therefore at night they make sure that the temperature is not lower than 18 degrees Celsius. After the sprouts have formed, the temperature can be reduced to 15 degrees. This is to prevent the plant from pulling out as a result of heat.

After the appearance of 4-6 true leaves, you need to pinch the tops of the carnation so that side shoots formed faster. By the end of April, hardening of seedlings begins. She is gradually taken out into the open air. You can not take out the seedlings immediately for a whole day, otherwise the plants will weaken and get sick. Plant in open ground they are available in mid-May. Distances of about 20-30 cm are left between the plants and watered abundantly.

When the carnation takes root in the open field and begins to germinate, it is fed with complex fertilizers. In April, you can sow the seeds again for seedlings or in greenhouses to stimulate carnation flowering at different times.

For growing seeds Chinese carnations in April need to be laid on the bottom of the drainage container and filled with moist soil. The substrate is ordinary garden soil, vermiculite and sand. The seeds are spread over the soil surface and sprinkled with vermiculite.

The plantings are covered with a film and placed in a bright place at a temperature of 18-20 degrees. Seedlings will begin to appear after 3-4 for after sowing. Then the film can be removed.

A sharp change in temperature has a negative effect on young shoots. The soil must be moistened with a spray bottle, but overflow must not be allowed. Otherwise, the black leg may damage the carnation. In cloudy weather and in the evenings, it is advisable to create backlighting with lamps. When 2-3 true leaves appear, the plants dive into separate pots.

A month after the seedlings germinate, the night temperature is reduced from 18 to 12-15 degrees. For this, the plants are taken out on closed balconywhere they will be cool at night, and warm and under sunlight during the day.

To form a curvy flowering bush Chinese carnation, you need to pinch over the third pair of leaves. If the seedlings were transplanted into plastic cups, then it will be easy to determine how the roots formed an earthen ball. With a strong formation, the plant is transferred to a larger container.

Chinese carnation care

It is worth remembering that the soil must have time to dry out between waterings, therefore, frequent watering of cloves should not be carried out. But the earth should not be allowed to dry out either.
You need to feed the plant in moderation. When growing carnations at home, fertilizing is applied once every 1-2 weeks. If the carnation grows in the open field, then calcium fertilizers are added from the age of two years.

I had a Chinese carnation in my garden.
Three years, I guess.
And last summer she disappeared completely.
I will plant again.
In the picture on the right, the stones are behind the cinquefoil and the carnation is visible.
Gradually, more aggressive neighbors drove it out.
Well, yes, I have plenty of places where she will be good.
That time I planted it right in the ground and it did not bloom for the first year. Did not make it.
She survived the winter. But there was abundant flowering never.

Below are the seeds I bought.

DESCRIPTION

In countries with temperate climates, this Chinese carnation is grown as a seasonal annual. Stems up to 50 cm tall, form sprawling or compact bushes, often in the form of a turf.
IN decorative culture since 1702
In a mixture of terry hybrids, purer forms were selected: white pink, dark red. In the culture of carnation, Chinese is unpretentious, even an inexperienced florist can grow it on summer cottage... It develops well in partial shade and in bright sun.

SEEDING AND CULTIVATION OF SEEDLING

Annual varieties of Chinese carnations are propagated by seeds only. Perennials can be propagated by cuttings and dividing the bush, not just sowing.

The seeds are sown in a box with a drainage layer at the bottom, in a light moist soil. Fall asleep from above thin layer (about 2mm) of soil, and cover with paper on top.
There is no need to cover the seedling boxes with glass or foil. In the early stages of seedling growth, carnations are very sensitive to high level salt in pound and nighttime temperature drops.
When germinating seeds temperature regime keep in the range from 16 to 20 ° C, moistening the soil. Seedlings appear in 4-10 days and, as soon as they grow a little, they can be dived for seedlings in pots. After the appearance of the first seedlings, the temperature in the room where the seedlings are located should not exceed 10-15 ° C.

CHINESE CARNATION CARE

Even a novice florist can master the care of these flowers. It is enough to follow a few rules and be attentive to appearance plants.
We water the Chinese carnation only when the soil dries out a little. For her, frequent and abundant watering is simply destructive. During a drought period, we water the plants a little more often, preventing the soil from drying out too much. Excellent appearance testifies to the correct irrigation regime.
bush and carnation flowers.
In order to achieve early flowering, seeds are sown in a heated room in early spring starting in April. Planting seedlings is complemented by sowing in open ground in May.

During the growing season, cloves are fed twice with complex mineral fertilizers. The first feeding - 3 weeks after the trip to a permanent place, the second at the stage of bud formation

The Chinese carnation blooms from July until frost. It tolerates a drop in air temperature to -3 ° С. Small flat black seeds ripen in a seed capsule in August. They remain viable for three years. To continue the flowering period of the carnation, you can trim the plants in July.

SOURCES

Chinese carnation is a beautiful perennial plant. True, in regions with a temperate climate, it is grown as an annual. In landscape design, the Chinese carnation has been used for more than three hundred years (counting from 1702). And it is not surprising that many interesting varieties have been bred during this time.

Any carnation looks good on flower beds and borders, in containers displayed on balconies and terraces. Clove mixture different shades can be grown in the Alpine mountains, since such plants take root well on rocky soils.

General information

Chinese carnation is a relatively low flower with a straight, erect stem and narrow lanceolate leaves of a rich green hue (in some varieties, they have a twisted shape). The plant forms bushes up to 0.5 m high. But there are also dwarf varieties with a bush height of only 15 cm. It blooms from July until late autumn, so it will be a welcome crop in any garden, pleasing the eye when most plants are already withering. True, a lot depends on the region. In harsher climates, carnations will only bloom until August-September.

Her flowers are single or collected in "bunches" of 4 pieces. A description of the plant would be incomplete without mentioning the color of the petals. Initially, the Chinese carnation was not distinguished by a special richness of the palette - there were only the usual colors: red, white, bright pink. But over the long years of breeding, varieties with the most fantastic colors have been bred - purple, white-red, cherry, pearl-white, almost always with a contrasting stripe along the edges of the petals. You can also find a variegated variety in which several shades are mixed.

The flowers of the plant are very beautiful. There are varieties with the usual finely toothed edges or deeply dissected. At one time, both terry and semi-double forms, as well as varieties with feathery petals, were bred. Interesting that terry hybrids can bloom longer than conventional varieties, up to 5 months. But flowering also begins a little later, somewhere in late July.

There is one more beautiful plant - Turkish (or bearded) carnation. It differs from Chinese by the presence of bracts. The variety of cloves is amazing. The garden can grow the most different types and varieties.

Growing

No matter if garden carnation or the home form grown on the balcony is very unpretentious plantthat even a novice florist can handle. Annual varieties are propagated exclusively by seeds. Perennials can be propagated by cuttings and dividing the bush.

At home, seedlings are grown as follows. First, a suitable box or container is prepared (if any flowers have already been grown in it, it needs to be disinfected), a drainage layer is arranged at the bottom. The Chinese carnation prefers a well-hydrated, slightly calcareous soil. So the soil should be light and already damp before the seeds are planted. You can prepare the soil yourself by mixing peat with leafy earth and sand, or buy ready-made in the store.

Sowing is done in early spring. The seeds are planted in moistened soil and covered with a thin layer of the same soil on top, and then the container or box is covered with paper or film (in the latter case, due to the fact that the material does not allow air to pass through, regular ventilation is necessary). The temperature for germinating seeds should be 16-20 degrees. The soil needs to be slightly moistened so that it does not dry out.

Growing from seeds is not difficult at all. Usually sprouts appear after ten days, and soon they are picked. But it should be noted that after the first shoots appear, the temperature in the room where the seedlings are grown should not exceed 15 degrees. So it is better to leave the plants on the insulated balcony or loggia.

It is very important that the soil remains moist, but not wet. In areas with warm climates perennial varieties can be transplanted into open ground in summer, and where conditions are more severe, they are first transplanted into a greenhouse.

The Chinese carnation can also be grown outdoors. No need to sow directly into flower beds. It is better to find a place for seedlings, from where already grown seedlings can be transplanted to a permanent bed. This plant is not afraid of light frosts, so you can sow cloves in May. It will grow best in light partial shade, but direct sunlight is also suitable for these flowers. The flower bed should be set up in an area with good drainage.

Before planting, it is recommended to harden the seedlings for some time, two weeks should be enough for this. To do this, first you just need to open a window in the room, then start taking containers with plants to the balcony or terrace. The time spent outdoors should increase gradually.

When transplanting seedlings into the soil, you need to calculate the distance between them. Much depends on the variety, but it is recommended to stick to general rule - the distance between the bushes should correspond to their expected height. For dwarf varieties it is 10-15 cm, for undersized - about 20 cm, and for large varieties - about 30 cm. In order for the bushes to branch well in the future, you need to pinch the top of the seedlings over the fourth pair of leaves.

It's hard to imagine today garden plot, where the Chinese carnation would not grow. She is a real decoration of any flower bed, rabatka, alpine slide, curb, balcony. And this is not the whole list of applications for this flower.

Chinese carnation was brought to Europe in the early 18th century from China. That is why it is called "Chinese". However, its original homeland is Korea and Mongolia. Initially, this flower was distinguished by the peculiarity of the petals, on which burgundy strokes were clearly drawn. Currently, thanks to breeders, new types of Chinese carnations with monophonic petals have appeared. Also changed life cycle... If in wildlife Chinese carnation is perennial plant, the one as ornamental plant it is grown as a biennial.

Description of Chinese carnation

Chinese carnation is not a tall plant. It is formed by bushes from 10 cm to half a meter high. Carnation's stems are thin, green. Small nodules can be seen on the stems of some varieties. Leaves are usually long, narrow, pointed at the ends, however, leaves are slightly curled, small and wide. It all depends on the type of flower.

The inflorescences of the Chinese Carnation can be simple - five-petal, serrated at the ends, as well as double and semi-double. The variety of shades of inflorescences is surprising: white, pink, red, purple, burgundy, lilac and even blue. The size of the inflorescences ranges from 1 cm to 4 cm in diameter.

Agricultural technology of cultivation

Since the Chinese Carnation is a biennial plant, it usually does not flower in the first year. During this time, it only forms the green part of the bush. True, modern breeders have developed new varieties annual Carnation Chinese, the seeds of which have rapid germination. Such seedlings grow and develop quickly, the plant manages to bloom in time and delight with its beauty and aroma of flowers until the very frost.

Growing Chinese Carnation is not particularly difficult, but since it is not only graceful, but also capricious, it is necessary to adhere to some rules.

At first, special attention should be given to the ground. It must necessarily have drainage, otherwise excess moisture will destroy the flower. You can add a little lime to the soil.

Secondly, throughout the summer, Carnation bushes must be fed with various fertilizers. This will encourage abundant flowering.

Thirdly, it is better to choose a sunny site, protected from drafts, although the plant feels comfortable in partial shade.

Another requirement is to maintain a gap between the bushes of about 25 cm.This is due to the fact that root system the Chinese carnation is powerful, branched, and if the flowers are planted close, they will interfere with each other.

Growing Chinese carnation seeds at home

Chinese carnation can be propagated by seeds at home, by sowing both directly into open ground and seedling method... The second option is more reliable, but if you sow seeds directly on the garden bed, you will have to tinker a little. In addition, as a rule, seeds of an annual Carnation are sown in open ground. To make the germination higher, it is recommended to place them in a solution of succinic acid for 20 minutes.

After that, the seeds are dried a little at home, mixed with agrovermiculite and introduced into the ground. The garden bed by this time should already be prepared: dug up, loosened up, freed from weeds, containing lime, slightly moistened, with a drainage system.

The optimum soil temperature for sowing seeds is from + 15 ° C to + 18 ° C, and the air temperature is at least + 20 ° C. It is advisable to cover the bed with a film at night. Seedlings will appear in about 20-25 days. When they have 3 leaves, the seedlings should be discharged by transplanting the sprouts to a new place.

Seedling growing

To grow Chinese carnation using seedlings, sowing seeds at home must be done in early March, although some growers say that seeds can be sown as early as mid-January.

The containers are filled with soil consisting of garden soil together with the sand. Before filling the containers with soil, any drainage is placed on the bottom, for example, crushed stone or expanded clay. Seeds are placed on top of the soil, sprinkled with vermiculite, which will accelerate the process of seed germination. The containers are placed on the windowsill, provided that there are no drafts. The optimum temperature is + 20 ° С, when seedlings appear at home, transfer to a cool place with a temperature of + 17 ° С. The grown seedlings will need to dive, transplanting them into separate containers. They can be transplanted into open ground only when stable warm days and nights come.

Diseases and pests threatening Chinese carnation

Surprisingly, Chinese carnation is practically not threatened by any disease, especially if it is properly cared for. The only thing that can do harm is waterlogging of the soil, frequent fertilizing with fertilizers.