Good evening! My organization acquired a commercial building built in Soviet times in 1989. The first owner was a state company, then the building was privatized, then transferred to the statutory fund to my daughter, then my daughter sold our ...
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At what distance from the land plot should the SNT trash bins be located?
My house is in SNT. How far from my land should the trash cans be located?
June 26, 2017, 13:32, question No. 1678613 Vazhnichy Vladimir Viktorovich, Agoy
How to force the removal of an old extension at a legal distance?
I bought a house with a plot of 6 acres. She began to demolish the old garage. A summer building was attached to it close to it from the side of neighbors 30 years ago. I remove my wall - his structure is crumbling without support, There are only three walls, and the support went to the wall of the garage. Neighbor...
01 December 2016, 16:54, question №1459597 Valentina Z, Budennovsk
Do I have any rights to the land adjacent to the house
in 1987 he bought a decommissioned house for firewood, issued a receipt for this. When I was renovating the house, I used the land plot adjacent to the house. I tried to conduct a technical registration of the house in the BTI, but was refused due to the lack of rights to land ...
Hello, the software product developed for automatic design has a certificate of compliance with certain points of building codes and regulations issued by LLC TsSPS and there are no violations. But at the same time I am glad of other points of building codes and ...
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Interested in building codes and regulations. Boundary?
The neighbor decided to extend the roof of the house (metal shingles) in the form of a veranda that will shade our yard for most of the day. The distance between capital buildings (our houses) does not exceed 15 meters. Is it legal. He says I'll step back from your ...
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What modern document (SNIP?) Regulates relations between neighbors when building plots in the Russian Federation?
Should the design organization check the completed construction work for compliance with the developed project?
Should the Construction organization (CJSC "MNK-GROUP") that developed the project, check the completed construction work by "another organization" (LLC "RSK") after major repairs of the roof of a residential building, for compliance with the developed project (CJSC ...
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The neighbor's building was built in violation of SNiP clause 6.7
The neighbor's building is tight to my site, the roof on the building is made in such a way that snow flies onto our fence and breaks it. The neighbor ignores. Doesn't want to solve the problem. Where to go to resolve such issues? Plot in the Leningrad region, ...
01 February 2016, 12:10, question No. 1121701 Fedor, St. Petersburg
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Installation of a ramp for strollers with children and disabled people in the house of housing cooperatives, Moscow
Hello! In our cooperative house ZhSK Moscow, it is very difficult to gather a general meeting of tenants to decide on the installation of a ramp. The HCC chairman finds many reasons not to do this. How to proceed correctly: - install option number 1 ...
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What are the building codes for building a car wash near a residential building?
Hello. I live in the private sector. The neighboring plot was sold and now a car wash is being built on it. This is a high (5 meters) building, the roof slope is made in our direction. I am afraid that snow and rain will fall on our heads (the building is very close to our ...
Construction of a fence around the land
1. Should the landlord (or tenant) fence his land. plot with a house (if so, where is it indicated)? 2. Does the owner have to keep the fence in good condition? 3.If the animals entered the garden due to the absence of a fence or part of it on the territory ...
Individual housing construction (IZHS) implies the construction of private low-rise buildings intended for living, breeding livestock, storing materials and products.
The building and the site on which it will be located must comply with building codes and regulations specified in the legislation.
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If you ignore these requirements, you can be left without a house and money spent on its construction.
Existing rules
The plot for individual housing construction must meet several requirements:
- convenient location near the roads;
- communications carried out;
- developed infrastructure of the area.
The site must meet the requirements of the owners of future houses.
One of the important conditions for individual construction is fertile soil, remoteness from industrial plants and good development of the region.
But construction is possible even if these requirements do not meet, which does not affect the strength of the foundation and the safety of living in the house.
Therefore, in the first place they become - building codes and regulations.
Without their observance, the construction of a private and commercial building is impossible.
Individual housing construction must be carried out in strict accordance with existing regulations.
Their neglect can lead to a demand to demolish the building in court, and the owner will be obliged to pay a fine.
If the building was built without obtaining the appropriate one, then the building will have to be legalized in court, proving that the house was erected in accordance with all building rules and fire safety standards.
Reflection in the law
When designing and building residential houses, you need to be guided by the rules provided for by SNiP 02/31/2001.
They indicate the technical requirements for buildings, land and their intended use.
Getting permission
To get a private house, you need to contact the BTI of the municipal district or the architectural department of the city.
Video: a new procedure for building suburban real estate
You must have a document with you, according to which the land plot is issued c.
Land owners will need to provide the following documents:
A statement is written in the BTI bodies, to which copies and originals must be attached:
- plot.
- on the assignment of ownership of land.
- the future structure, compiled by the BTI staff.
It takes, on average, about 14 days to review documents and issue a permit.
The applicant can be refused if an incomplete package of documents was provided.
The permit is issued in the form of a document valid for 10 years from the date of receipt.
During this time, the applicant can build a house according to the existing project.
SNiP of individual housing construction
If the site is called IZHS, then only residential buildings can be erected on it.
These include houses, as well as additional buildings necessary for a comfortable stay (barn, bathhouse, etc.).
It is forbidden to carry out the construction of industrial organizations.
When building a private house for living, you must be guided by the rules provided.
It states that the materials used for the construction are fireproof, resistant to mold and rotting, not endangering the life and health of people.
SNiP implies the start of building a house, subject to several rules:
The construction of other structures is allowed on the territory:
- compost sites;
- dry closets;
- toilets with cesspools;
- sheds.
Placement of buildings
The buildings should be located more than 5 meters from the road and at least 3 meters from streets with little traffic.
Outbuildings are located in the depths of the site, the first, relative to the road, always becomes a residential building.
Particular attention is paid to the distance between buildings and the fence. For the most part, the hygienic side of the issue is what matters, not fire safety.
The reason is the possible darkening of the neighboring area if the houses are too close to their territory.
The SNiP indicates the following norms for the location of buildings near the fence:
| Distance between two sections | must be at least 3 meters (with the written consent of the parties, a decrease in this indicator is possible) |
| Buildings for keeping livestock and birds | should be located more than 4 meters from the fence |
| Bathhouse, outbuildings, toilet and shower | at a distance of at least 2.5 meters |
| Greenhouses on the site should be located at a distance of more than 4 meters | to prevent shading of the neighboring area and the ingress of wastewater with fertilizers dissolved in them |
| Garage and buildings for storing materials (inventory) | can be located 1 meter from the fence |
The best option is the location of buildings at a distance of 3 meters. This will prevent conflicts with neighbors due to shading of their area.
Shrubs and trees deserve special attention. They should be located on the territory of the plot so as not to shade the neighboring plot.
There are several rules for this:
Do not rely on the fact that green spaces or buildings will not do harm if they are located in a chaotic manner.
A tall tree on a site can grow for a long time, until a person settles in a neighboring house who does not like the shadow of a tall plant.
And in this case, not only a conflict is possible, but also a legal proceeding, ending with the requirement to remove the interfering object and pay a fine for violating the rules of SNiP.
Distance between buildings
The location of outbuildings is regulated by SNiP 30-02-97. It specifies the rules for placing houses for fire safety.
In the event of a building fire, the fire will quickly spread to a neighboring area, which will lead to the ignition of a residential building.
Therefore, during construction, it is important to follow the norms provided for by legislative norms.
The distance between residential buildings is determined depending on the building material:
It is allowed to arrange houses close to each other if the building has a system "2 owners for 1 house".
The distance is measured in a straight line, starting from the house, and not the neighbors' fence.
If there are no buildings in the surrounding area, then primary construction is a priority. In the future, neighbors will have to measure the distance between houses.
The distance between buildings on the site is also indicated in SNiP.
However, non-observance of the described standards can lead to difficulties with a residential area, therefore it is recommended to follow the rules regarding the location of buildings:
SNiP contains information about the location of objects relative to each other.
For example, the well should be more than 20 meters from the compost pit, toilet and away from the fence.
This will be explained by the likelihood of toxic substances entering the water used for drinking purposes.
Special attention is paid to the baths. They, in most cases, are made of wood, which increases the fire hazard at the site.
For this reason, the bathhouse should be located at a distance of more than 8 meters from residential buildings (including neighboring ones).
Building a garage
Previously, there were no requirements for building a garage. In 2019, changes were introduced to SNiP.
The garage must be more than 1 meter away from the fence. If he settles down inside a residential building, then additional ventilation must be equipped.
Height of fences
Building rules contain some requirements for site fences.
The fence between adjacent areas should not be higher than 1.5 meters in height.
It is allowed to create a solid fence, but only in half to prevent shading of the adjacent area.
As for the external fence, there are no special requirements for it.
But it should not be more than 2 meters high, otherwise the building will need to be additionally coordinated with the regulatory authorities.
Any material can be used to make a fence.
Standards for individual housing construction
Building rules regulate not only the location of buildings on the site, but the nature of the buildings themselves.
Having studied the regulatory documents, you can familiarize yourself with the existing standards:
The basement floor must be more than 2 meters high if it is planned to be used for storing things and equipment. It is prohibited to equip living rooms in basements.
Engineering Communication
For a comfortable stay in a private house, it is necessary to bring engineering communications or think about the possibility of installing their analogues.
Heating
The owner of the house decides what kind of heating to install. This can be a wood stove, fireplace, gas boiler.
Heating radiators are installed under the windows of the house to increase heat transfer.
If possible, the house, with the permission of the service organization, is connected to the general heating system.
Gas supply
Gas supply can be used in a private house in two ways:
- By connecting to a common highway.
- From gas cylinders.
When connecting to the central gas line, it is necessary to correctly lay pipes and make connections of parts. It is forbidden to carry out communication through the living rooms of the house.
Pipes must be supplied to the kitchen or heating stove. Exceptions are houses where a shut-off valve is installed near the entrance to the dwelling.
Communication is laid outside the building, not through the foundation. Elements are connected by welding.
Shut-off valves can be installed using threaded parts.
If you plan to use gas cylinders for cooking or heating premises, then you need to buy containers with a volume of no more than 12 liters.
The operation of larger cylinders is allowed only if they are kept in a specially designated building located far from a residential building.
A prerequisite for the installation of gas supply is the use of at least two devices operating on this fuel.
Typically these include a cooking stove and a heating boiler.
Power supply
Electricity is supplied to private houses through the installation of overhead power lines (power lines).
The main condition is that the wires should not be on the roads and interfere with the traffic area.
On a little busy street, it is allowed to install wires at a height of 2.75 meters.
If the site is busy, people often walk near the house and cars pass, then the distance from the ground should be at least 6 meters.
This prevents threats and does not interfere with the movement of people and vehicles.
The distance between the supports should be no more than 25 meters. If the house is located at a greater distance, then an additional, intermediate post must be installed.
A distance of 20 cm is noted between the wires. When the power line is connected, metering devices are installed. They are mounted in a special box outside or inside the house.
Wiring in the building must be torn with insulating material and fixed in the corners of rooms or on the ceiling.
Wiring work must only be carried out by professional electricians!
Water supply and sanitation
Water supply in a private house is carried out in several ways:
- through the central system;
- by drilling wells;
- water supply.
Round-the-clock cold water without additional manipulations is a connection to the central water supply system.
If hot water is required, water heaters are installed.
Sewerage arrangement is carried out taking into account several requirements:
If a toilet is installed in the house, then the issue of arranging a cesspool is considered.
It can be separate from the kitchen drain or combined.
In a private house, ventilation is not required. Windows and vents open for ventilation.
Ventilation is installed in the bathroom and toilet, provided that there is no fresh air flow, that is, there are no windows in the room.
Fire safety standards
SNiP does not provide a separate chapter for fire safety standards.
But the basic rules can be distinguished from the basic requirements for building a house:
| Distance between house and road | must be at least 6 meters. There should be no obstacles for the entry of fire trucks |
| Between neighboring houses | the distance should be from 6 meters, not less. This is provided that the building is made of refractory material, and there are no windows and doors on the adjoining side. In other cases, the distance increases to 8 meters or more |
| Wiring is laid according to the rules of the PUE | when installing power supply in a wooden house, a corrugated metal pipe must be used. It protects the house from fire in the event of a short smoke from the wiring or a spark. Before commissioning, the electrical wiring is checked by Oblenergo employees |
| Regular check of wiring | the health of heating devices is a measure to prevent a fire in a private house |
| You cannot store large gas cylinders in the house. | and flammable substances in unsealed containers. There must be a separate metal box for these materials. |
The primary function of the state - the protection of the life and health of its citizens - must be performed unconditionally and rigorously, ensuring all processes of the functioning of society and social procedures with absolute safety and strict observance of the requirements of the current legislation.
Technical, legal and economic activities of citizens, legal entities and state structures must be carried out at a level that guarantees safety and highly effective results.Safe construction and general condition of buildings and structures (especially residential buildings) refers to the sectors of functioning of society and citizens, especially in need of control by the state and the implementation of established rules and regulations.
The norms and rules that all stages of construction must meet (abbreviated as SNIPs) are a set of legal acts regulating certain sectors of urban planning, engineering surveys, design work and direct construction.
Construction SNIPs, developed during the existence of the USSR, were successfully applied and followed in the implementation of construction projects and other complex measures related to the construction of buildings and structures.
However, the law on technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures adopted on 30.12.2009 established the obligation of only some SNIPs for execution by persons participating in the construction process.
The list of standards and sets of rules determines the acts, the implementation of which is mandatory and ensures the fulfillment of the requirements of the technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures.
A set of rules refers to documents containing technical rules and describing the design procedures, as well as production and construction, installation, operation, transportation, disposal and sale of the product. This document is used on a voluntary basis within the meaning of the law. and carries the purpose of compliance with the requirements of the regulations.
At the same time, the legislator referred to the sets of rules those norms and rules that were approved before the entry into force of the law on technical regulations.
At the same time, public authorities are carrying out a process that updates those SNIPs that are included in the above list of codes of rules and standards. The update must be completed no later than July 1, 2012.
According to experts, updating SNIPs should not lead to the loss of high-quality developments of the past, but at the same time must take into account the requirements of modern economic processes and the features of the latest technologies for the construction of residential buildings and other structures.
On August 15, 2012, the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation issued a letter explaining the state and status of updated SNIPs. This letter stated that the safety of structures and buildings in the Russian Federation is ensured on the basis of the application of the requirements of the list of standards and sets of rules (on a mandatory basis), as well as the list of documents in the field of standardization (applied on a voluntary basis). In addition, the Ministry of Regional Development reported that the process of updating SNIPs continues.
Many construction websites offer a list of updated SNIPs required for each organization or person associated with the construction of residential buildings. The SNIP of special importance on the safety of buildings and structures can be downloaded from specialized sites.
Having decided to download the lists of updated SNIPs, as well as SNIPs for the safety of buildings and structures, you should first make sure of the proper reputation of the website offering the service, as well as the relevance of the information they provide.
Despite the ambiguity of the existing situation in the field of regulation of construction and related processes and procedures, building codes are quite capable of ensuring the safety of designed and constructed real estate objects. Conscientious and conscientious market participants strive to comply with current and recommended building codes and standards.
Before proceeding with the construction of a future house, you need to try to fully study the requirements of SNiPs and GOSTs, which regulate the process of erecting structures for individual housing construction. Of course, you will hardly be able to thoroughly study them all, for this you need to be a specialist, but this is not necessary. It is enough to get a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe basic laws governing the entire process of building a house.
Who monitors compliance with the standards for the construction of private houses
Compliance with general construction and special norms and regulations governing the construction of individual households is controlled by various local permitting authorities. The main document that determines the sequence of development and approval of the entire package of construction and design documentation in individual housing construction is the Republican Building Norms RSN 70-88.
It is RSN 70-88 that prescribes the rules for building an individual housing construction site, the layout of your house, the location of utility and technical structures such as a bathhouse, a barn, a cellar, etc.
The planning of the planned house and the entire courtyard must be thought out as carefully as possible already at this stage, since after the approval of the construction plan, any changes in it will be considered a violation of the law and must be corrected, and illegal buildings - demolition or additional legalization.
What documents are needed to build a private house
Based on the "Code of rules for the design and construction of SP 11-III-99", it is possible to clearly determine what documents need to be prepared to start the construction design process.
Quite often, the impatient owners of individual housing construction sites do not wait for the issuance of the entire package of permits in their hands and start construction. Such haste in most cases leads to an additional "headache" for the impatient developer.
The first step towards the beginning of the cherished construction of a house will be to write an application for a building permit, supported by:
- By the decree of the head of the local administration on providing you with a land plot of individual housing construction or documents confirming the ownership of the plot in case of its acquisition,
- master plan of the site,
- plot passport,
- an act on the natural establishment of its boundaries and the breakdown of buildings, red lines and building axes.
On the basis of the package of documents you have provided, you will be issued a Decree on a building permit and a "Passport for the project of a private residential house" is drawn up, which will include:
- the decision of the administration on the issuance of a building permit;
- a document confirming the developer's right to use (own) a land plot;
- a copy of the relevant urban planning documentation from the master plan;
situational plan of the IZhS site;- technical conditions (TU) for connection to utilities with a diagram;
floor plans of buildings, facade sections;- an act concerning the full-scale establishment of the boundaries of a land plot and a breakdown of buildings (with a layout scheme).
What documents are included in the "Project of an individual private house"
The package of permits "Project of an individual private house" includes:
- a situational plan on a scale of 1: 500, representing the location of all construction objects in conjunction with the nearest settlements, infrastructure and communications: electric networks, heat and water supply networks, sewerage networks;
- printout of topographic photographs of the IZhS section with the adjacent part of the street (M 1: 500);
- master plan of the site with a vertical layout and linking the construction project to the area (M 1: 200, 1: 1000);
- basement plan of the house being built (technical underground and basement);
- floor plans of the house (M 1: 100, 1:50);
- the main and side facades of the structure (Scale 1:50, 1: 100);
- characteristic cuts (M 1: 100, 1:50);
- floor plans and coverings of non-repeating floors (Scale 1: 100);
- roof rafter system plan (M 1: 100);
- roof plan (M 1: 100, 1: 200);
- foundation plan (M 1: 100, 1:50);
- section of foundations, typical architectural and construction units and details (М 1:10, 1:20);
- general explanatory note and technical and economic indicators;
- estimate and financial calculations of the cost of construction;
- engineering drawings (according to the design assignment).
How far should the house be from other structures
Requirements for the location of buildings on a site in the legal framework are inextricably linked with the concept of "Red Line". The red line is a conventional line passing along the border of the site and the carriageway of the street, as well as the borders of neighboring sites.
According to fire regulations, the distance between residential buildings located in adjacent areas must be at least 6 (brick structures) or 15 (wooden structures) meters.
Fences installed around the site must be indicated in the project, their location should not go beyond the red line established by the plan.
If you plan to breed pets or poultry on your site, it will be useful to inquire about the requirements for the construction and location of facilities for keeping livestock and poultry. For example, the height of the house and barnyard cannot be less than 2.4 meters from the floor (or the ground if the floor is earthen) to the ceiling.
In the same way, there are rules for the location of garden trees and shrubs on the site. The minimum distance from trees to buildings is 5 meters, and to the borders of the neighboring plot is 3 meters. In addition, trees cannot be closer than 4 meters to the supporting supports of electrical networks and closer than 1.5 meters to the laid underground utilities. For shrubs, the maximum permissible planting distances are 1.5 meters from buildings and 1 meter to the boundaries of the site.
Requirements for the height and area of \u200b\u200ban individual residential building under construction
Restrictions on the area of \u200b\u200bthe house being built relate, first of all, to the minimum areas of its living rooms. SNiP 2.08.01-89, RSN 70-88 are responsible for determining these norms.
You will not receive a building permit if you indicate the estimated area of \u200b\u200bthe living room is less than 12 m 2. For a bedroom, this limit is 8m 2, for a kitchen - 6m 2, a toilet - 0.96m 2. Exceptions for the minimum area of \u200b\u200brooms are requirements for attic rooms, here the minimum bedroom area is 7m 2.
The legislation does not provide for the maximum size of premises.
On the basis of SNiP 2.08.01-89, the minimum values \u200b\u200bof the height of the rooms in the house are clearly defined - 2.5 meters, except for the attic rooms (2.3 m). In addition, there are still many requirements for the dimensions of the functional structural elements of a house under construction, for example, the width of interfloor staircases and corridors of a house cannot be less than 0.9 meters.
How many floors of the house are you allowed to build
With an individual private house, it is allowed to build no more than 3 above-ground floors. The basement floor is not intended to accommodate living rooms if the height of its upper floor is less than 2 m above ground level. If its height is more than 2 meters above ground level, then such a basement is equated to above-ground floors.
Attention: do not confuse the height of the upper slab above the ground level and the height of the basement itself!
If the basement floor ends at a height below 2 m above ground level, but its height exceeds 2 meters, it can be used for economic and technical purposes. In the case of using a basement floor for a garage, its floors and walls must be made of fireproof materials.
Often, the developer himself cannot accurately calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe house being built, then it is determined using SNiP 2.08.01-89.
When calculating the total area of \u200b\u200bthe house, errors are possible. It is worth remembering that the overestimated building area will result in additional costs in the future - in the overstatement of real estate tax, excessive payment of utilities.
It is worth remembering that when determining the total area of \u200b\u200bthe house, the areas of balconies, loggias and stairwells are also summed up. But the area of \u200b\u200bunheated utility rooms, underground and attic is not taken into account.