- it is herbaceous, ornamental, flowering, perennial belonging to the Lily family. In the common people, the presented species of tulips is called nymphaeum, which is justified by its resemblance to the inflorescences of water lilies or water lilies. On the Latin the name of this plant will sound like this Tulipa kaufmanniana.
area
For the first time, the considered plant species was found in the provinces of such cities as Tashkent and Angren. Named presented flower culture in honor of the Russian military figure, Governor-General of the North-Western Territory Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman and described in 1877 by the botanist, scientific gardener Eduard Ludwigovich Regel. In the wild, the Kaufman tulip chooses slopes and plains with actively developed vegetation, it can grow on rocky terrain, but this factor is quite rare. The habitat is such countries and republics as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and partly Tajikistan along the Tien-Shan mountain system.Characteristics of culture
Tulip Kaufmann is one of the the most beautiful views genus Tulip, which rises above the ground to a height of 50 centimeters. At the base of a smooth, leafless, bluish stem, there are from 2 to 4 wide, lanceolate leaves of the same shade. At the top of the peduncle there is a rather voluminous cup-shaped inflorescence with petals narrowed towards the top, similar to a six-pointed star, about 8 centimeters in diameter and 10 centimeters in height.The color of the inflorescence directly depends on the variety, and can be the most diverse from white to maroon, but a characteristic feature of this species for all varieties are contrasting stripes on outside perianth petals. The color of the petals at the base varies from light yellow to dark maroon. In the middle of the inflorescence, a bunch of filiform anthers and stamens of a brown or purple color are located.
The fruit, upon closer examination, resembles a small dark green tricuspid box with seeds; in an adult fully developed plant, the number of seeds reaches 250 pieces. The bulb of the presented plant species has a miniature ovoid shape, completely covered with almost black, hard, leathery scales, and reaches a diameter of no more than 4 centimeters. Roots are annuals.
The considered type of tulips is characterized by early flowering. Beautiful and bright opened inflorescences can be observed already in early May, and this period lasts for several weeks, which directly depends on climatic conditions, watering and plant varieties.
Varieties
Tulip Kaufman already belongs to early flowering plants, but with the help of breeding varieties were bred that begin to bloom even earlier than the founder of the species, their buds open as early as mid-April and the flowering period can last from several weeks to one and a half months.These varieties include:
Bellini Professor van Tubergen bred this variety of the presented species of tulips in 1948. The inflorescence of the bred hybrid reaches 9 centimeters in height and about 7 centimeters in diameter, cream-colored oval petals with scarlet stripes along the back.
Variety Corona "Corona" bred by the same professor as Bellini, plants reach a height of 30 centimeters, an inflorescence diameter of 5 centimeters, a height of about 7 centimeters. The petals have a pointed upward shape, a red tint with a bright golden base.
Lady Rose- a very bright representative of the plant species in question, it reaches a height of 30 centimeters, has a pale pink color of the petals with a pale red spot at the base. The inflorescence is about 7 centimeters tall with pointed petals.
Variety Harlequin (Harlequin) - another very early flowering representative of this plant species, was bred in 1958 by the botanist L. Stassen, the plant reaches a height of 40 centimeters with an inflorescence diameter of 7 - 10 centimeters. The perianth petals are tapered to the top shape, scarlet - red coloring with pale beige edging.
Many, choosing tulips, are lost in species and varieties. They do not know what to choose, and how this or that species differs from each other. Tulips of Greig, Kaufman, and Foster are the same "botanical tulips" only separated into separate classes. And they got the name in honor of the great scientists. What is the difference between these classes, we will tell you.
Greig class tulips
This class is named after the President of the Russian Society of Horticulturalists Samuil Alekseevich Greig - President of the Russian Society of Horticulturalists. In 1870, he proposed the idea of creating the Admiralty Garden in St. Petersburg for the 200th anniversary of the birth of Peter I. Tulips belonging to this class were collected and described in the Karatau mountains in Kazakhstan. These tulips are low, 20-35 cm high, have large flowers, mostly red or orange, some bicolor. The leaves are distinguished by a special charm, they are “striped” decorated with stripes of purple or burgundy. Thanks to what they are beautiful both before and after flowering. Tulips Greig belong to early species. When in bloom they are beautiful! They will become leaders on an alpine hill, in a rocky garden and just in a flower garden.
The most popular varieties:
Tulip Tulipa Pinocchio - as a rule, short in stature, with huge flowers in relation to its height: it reaches a height of only 12-30 cm. The flowers are large with a wide base, bent tops and a slight bend in the middle. They have a pleasant aroma. They are white-cream in color with wide bright red stripes in the middle of the petal. The center of the flower is yellow. Pyramid shaped buds. Attractive deep green foliage with purple markings. Blooms in late March - early April.
Tulip Tulipa cape cod - reaches a height of only 12-30 cm. It has very large yellow flowers with wide strokes of bright red. They bloom in mid-spring. Flowers with a wide base, bent tops and a slight bend in the middle. Pyramid shaped buds. Attractive greyish-green foliage with purple specks.
Tulip Czaar Peter - flowers are large with a wide base, bent tops and a slight bend in the middle. They have a pleasant aroma. They are dyed in red-white color with alternating wide stripes. The flowers are emphasized by green foliage with a clearly visible purple streak. The peduncle is low, up to 20 cm. It blooms in late March - early April.
Tulip Albion star - flowers are large with a wide base, bent tops and a slight bend in the middle. They have a pleasant aroma. They are white-cream in color with a hint of pink. The center of the flower is yellow. The leaves are dark green, speckled. Blooms in late March - early April. Plant height 15-25 cm.
Tulips Mary Ann - the flowers of this variety of tulips are large, with bent tips of the petals. The color is red and yellow with a dark red tint. The height is only 20-35 centimeters. It has the shape of a glass with a height of 6-9 cm.
Class tulips Kaufman
This class is named after Konstantin Petrovich Kaufman. He was the governor-general of Turkestan and the commander of the Turkestan military district since 1867. In the late 60s of the XIX century. Konstantin Petrovich, being a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, invited scientists from the Russian Society of Natural Science Lovers to participate in the study of the nature of Turkestan. It was during this period that tulips grew in the vicinity of Tashkent. They were collected and described by the Russian botanist Eduard Regel.
Tulips belonging to this class are low, 15-20 cm high. Therefore, they need to be planted only in the foreground. they bloom in early spring, along with snowdrops. Kaufman tulips have one distinctive feature - a special star-shaped flowers. On a sunny day, they fully open up, turning into a large star. They make a stunning impression after a long winter. Another advantage of this class is that they do not dig in one place, they can be grown for a long time. They are not affected by fungal and viral diseases.
The most popular varieties:
Tulip Johann Strauss - one of the earliest flowering varieties. The flowers are multi-colored. They are painted on the outside in cream, red and yellow colors, and inside - only in cream and yellow colors. The leaves are spreading, dark green. When open, the flowers look very much like water lily blooms on very short stems. Plant height 15-25 cm. This variety is best planted in groups of 5 or more bulbs. Blooms for 2-4 weeks.
Tulip Tulipa concerto - a new variety, with beautiful gray foliage, white (cream) flowers with a yellow-black center. Delicate water lily tulips will please everyone. This is an early flowering plant. This variety with single flowers is about 8 cm in diameter. They are on relatively low stems from 30 to 45 cm tall. The leaves are spreading, wide. When the flowers are open, they are very similar to water lily inflorescences. Flowering time: April.
Tulip Tulipa stresa - its rich yellow flowers with characteristic pink-red stripes at the base of each petal are bathed in the rays of the spring sun. It blooms for 2-4 weeks. The bright flowers contrast spectacularly with the unique green-gray foliage with purple and red stripes. This variety with single flowers from 8 to 10 cm in diameter. They are on relatively short stalks from 10 to 30 cm tall. When open, the flowers look very much like water lily blooms on very short stems. Flowering period: March-April.
Tulip - when its flowers are fully open - they resemble water lilies. One of the earliest flowering varieties. This variety is early among early blooming tulips. He will delight with his flowers in early April. In buds it has white petals with carmine edges, very reminiscent of lit candles. And when the flowers are open, the petals are visible Ivory with a yellow throat. This variety has a long flowering period: it blooms for 2-4 weeks. The bright flowers contrast spectacularly with the unique green-gray foliage with purple streaks.
Tulips Ice Stick - the flower belongs to the color of white-pink. The height of the plant is low, only 15-20 cm. The flowering period of this tulip falls in April, May.
Tulip class Foster
This class is named after the famous Shelford gardener, Professor Michael Foster. This variety was first described on May 26, 1906. However, Foster's tulips became widespread only three decades later, when the great Derek Lefeber introduced the Red Empire variety, later renamed in honor of the breeder's wife, Madame Lefeber. It was Foster's tulips that became the basis for the famous ones, which in the former Soviet Union were called " Dutch tulips". AT vivo these Foster tulips grow in Uzbekistan.
Tulips of this class are distinguished by rich bright colors and a special goblet-shaped flower. These tulips almost never get sick with anything. But in order for them to bloom profusely and annually, you need to know a little secret that we will reveal to you. During the period of laying a flower bud into the bulbs (this is summer), they need a temperature of at least 25 ° C. In regions with a warm climate, this is not a problem, but in cooler regions in summer it is better to dig up the bulbs and store them at a temperature not lower than 25 ° C (but only during the formation of a flower bud - in summer). You need to dig and growing in the shade or under trees.
The most popular varieties:
Tulip Tulipa madame lefeber/red emperor - the most popular variety in the world. Its flowers are simple, the buds are elongated, the perianths are bell-shaped. Their color is bright red with a black center. They look very touching - thanks to the bright color and sophisticated shape of the flower. The height of the glass is about 7 cm. When the bud opens on a sunny day, you can see a yellowish center, yellowish-green filaments, and light purple anthers. Flowers without fragrance. Flowering is long: from 9 to 16 days. Tulip stems are pubescent, usually dark in the upper part. The leaves are wide, gray-green. This variety grows to a height of 35 - 40 cm.
Tulip - Spectacular water lily tulips. The flowers are bicolor: they are white with red markings. When the flowers open, the yellow center is visible. The flowers contrast effectively with the dark green foliage. Flowering time: April.
Tulip Variety Zombie - the flower has an orange-red color, turning to the bottom just red, with lemon-yellow edging along the edges of the petals. The height of the flower glass is 12-15 centimeters. An adult tulip grows by 35-45 cm. The optimal planting period is September - October. It blooms from the end of April until the second half of May.
Tulip Sweetheart - height 25-35 centimeters. The bud is lemon yellow, and at the edges of the petals it turns into creamy white. Blooms in the second half of April - the first half of May.
Tulips - Flowers red and white. Plant height 30-45 cm.
Tulip Tulipa rosy dream The flowers are an enchanting pink or rose-purple color with white markings, in spectacular contrast to the unique dark green foliage with deep red-brown streaks. This variety with single flowers is about 8 cm in diameter.
Tulip Tulipa golden emperor - simple flowers, elongated buds, bell-shaped perianths. Color - golden yellow. They look very touching - thanks to the bright color and sophisticated shape of the flower. The height of the glass is about 7 cm. When the bud opens on a sunny day, you can see a yellowish center, yellowish-green filaments, and light purple anthers. Flowering is long: from 9 to 16 days. Tulip stems are pubescent, usually dark in the upper part. The leaves are wide, gray-green. This variety grows up to 40 cm in height.
Tulips are familiar to everyone. The first thing that is associated with these colors is the Netherlands. Let this not be the birthplace of flowers, but it was there that their selection was elevated almost to the rank of art. The number of varieties has exceeded the mark of two thousand. What kind of hybrids do not appear in our gardens and flower shops. Some look like tropical birds, others look like amazing stars that are full of a riot of colors: snow-white and pink, black and deep purple. You cannot remain indifferent to tulips, they fall in love at first sight.
Tulip classification
lovers bulbous plants firsthand familiar with their diversity. The number of varieties of tulips is off scale and it is not surprising that at some point their classification was needed.
The first attempt to divide all species into groups with common characteristics was made back in 1913 in the Netherlands and Great Britain, but the work was completed only by 1929. Although it would be wrong to say that it is over, since to this day an international register is maintained, which includes varietal tulips. Tulip varieties that are outdated are excluded, and new breeding achievements are added. Now the register includes 2500 species, and in nature there are more than ten thousand.
According to modern classification, on the this moment 15 classes of tulips are allocated. They, in turn, are grouped into four large groups: early-flowering, mid-flowering, late-flowering, tulip species and their hybrids (includes all wild species and those varieties derived from them).
The first group includes two classes: simple and terry. To the second: the triumph of tulips and Darwinian hybrids. To the third group: lily-colored, fringed, green-colored, parrot, simple and terry late, Rembrandt tulips. To the fourth: tulips of Kaufman, Greig, Foster and other species and hybrids. Let's take a closer look at each class.
early simple tulips
Varieties of tulips of this group have been known since the 17th century. They are medium-sized, strong, therefore resistant to wind and bad weather. Distinctive feature, which combines all species into one group - these are early flowering periods (end of April). The flowers are goblet or cup-shaped and 6-7 cm in size. The color of the petals is most often yellow-red. color scheme, but the flowers can be white. For cutting, they are not entirely suitable due to their small stature.
Some varieties have been cultivated unchanged since the 17th century, for example, Kaiserkrone. Recently, dwarf tulips have also been included in the class. Dutch varieties of this class occupy not too much area in the fields, about 8% of the total mass. One of the best in its homeland is considered Purple Prince, a stunning hybrid with bright colors and large flowers. Popular varieties are also: Christmas Dream, Candy Prince, Mickey Mouse, Brilliant Star and others.
Early double tulips
Early terry tulips, whose varieties have also been known since the 17th century, are popular with flower growers due to their early flowering and bright cheerful color. In height, they are very tiny (20-30 cm), but they have large flowers, which, when fully opened, can be up to 8 cm in diameter and have a long flowering period.
The lush cupped double flower is the result of a double perianth. If ordinary tulips have only six petals, then in representatives of this class it doubles. In horticultural culture, these varieties are not particularly popular and are most often grown as potted plant or for forcing.
The second group is represented by two classes - these are triumph tulips and Darwin hybrids.
Darwinian hybrids
These giants were singled out as a separate class only in 1960. These are very large (60-80 cm in height) tulips. Varieties of tulips of this class have several advantages, they are resistant to spring frosts, to the variegation virus and are perfectly preserved when cut.
Blooms begin in early May. Large goblet-shaped flowers most often have a red color (two-color hybrids have also appeared) and grow up to 10 cm in size, which pleasantly distinguishes them from other flowers. Used as horticultural crops and for distillation.
Triumph tulips
Representatives of the class were bred at the beginning of the 20th century; Darwin hybrids and simple early tulips. The varieties are characterized by large goblet flowers, a peduncle up to 70 cm high. Hybrids are characterized by a variety of colors from snow-white to rich purple hues.
Flowering begins in late April and often continues until mid-May. This is currently the most numerous and widespread class (25% of all species). Perfect for garden breeding, cutting and forcing and have high ratio breeding. Popular varieties: Golden Melody, Antarctica (white), Mata Hari, Ile de France, Don Quixote, etc.
The third group includes late-flowering hybrids, all classified according to flower shape.
Late single and double tulips
Plants of these two classes differ from their early relatives in larger sizes (peduncle height 50-70 cm) and late flowering (mid-May). Simple tulips have a goblet shape with a wide bottom and blunt petals. There are multi-flowered hybrids, when several buds develop on one peduncle. Perfect for cut flowers and bouquets.
Late flowering varieties are also called peony for their shape, which makes them unstable, because of this they cannot withstand wind or rain. Both classes reproduce well vegetatively. The color of the flowers is very diverse, it can be snow-white or almost black, pink or purple, there are also bicolor varieties.
green tulips
They were singled out in a separate class quite recently - in 1981, and we can confidently say that this newest varieties tulips. Their singularity lies in the fact that the backs of the petals retain their green color throughout the entire flowering period, in contrast to the overall bright color (white, yellow, red, pink, purple hues), it looks very impressive.
The size of the peduncle can be from medium to high, the leaves are narrow, and the flowers are within 7 cm in size. They bloom late, in mid-May, they look good and are very popular in bouquets, as well as in group plantings. It is worth paying attention to such varieties as: Spring Green, China Town, Golden Artist.
fringed tulips
These are plants of amazing beauty. Large flowers on a long peduncle (80 cm) have the shape of a glass. But the greatest decorative value is the petals, the edges of which are cut with a pattern, like frost in the cold, the smallest needles give the impression of weightlessness and fragility of the flower. The color scheme is different, but negligent sellers sometimes try to sell low-quality goods, passing them off as the original variety, so you need to know that black fringed tulips have not yet been bred.
Varieties are obtained on the basis of the selection of Darwinian hybrids or late varieties which are very well preserved when cut. The first fringed tulip was grown in 1930, and they were separated into a separate class only in 1981. Varieties: Cambridge, Mont Amur, Flamenco, Mascotte and others.
lily-colored tulips
The name of the class speaks for itself, the shape resembles a lily, especially when fully opened in sunny weather. These are medium-sized hybrids 50-60 cm high. They bloom late - in mid-May. Breeders have been working on them for a long time, since the 16th century, so the newest varieties of tulips differ from the very first, original ones. The following hybrids are very popular and beautiful: Ballad Gold (pictured) and White, West Point, Jacqueline, Pretty Wumen.
Parrot tulips: varieties, description
One of the most unusual and striking hybrids among modern tulips. These are mostly medium-sized varieties, but they have large flowers that grow up to 12 cm in diameter when fully opened. They have been known for a long time and it is believed that they appeared as a result of a genetic mutation of ordinary flowers, and not special selection.
In the 17th century in France, parrot tulips were first noticed and identified. Dutch varieties became known only after a hundred years. characteristic feature are flower petals that have uneven wavy edges, reminiscent of bird feathers and have a bright color, which is the reason for the choice of the name of the whole class. They really look like disheveled parrots lurking in the greenery of the garden. They prefer calm places and go well with other inhabitants of the flower beds, besides, they easily and quickly multiply by daughter bulbs. Varieties of parrot tulips: Black Perrot, Rococo, Super Perrot, Fleming.
Tulips Rembrandt
A very small class that unites all variegated tulips. The flowers are quite large - 7-10 cm in height, goblet and not double, of varying degrees of variegation. Spots or stripes on a bright yellow, red or white background - this is their main feature, due to genes, not a virus. They bloom in late spring, in the second half of May. Varieties: Mona Lisa, Union Jack, Orange Bowl, Princess Irene (pictured), Prince Carnival, Sorbet, Olympic Flame and others.
Tulips Kaufman
These are early flowering and undersized hybrids that bloom in mid-April. The same group includes varieties obtained by crossing Kaufman tulips with other varieties. Strong and low (15-25 cm), but with large flowers of various colors (solid or most often variegated). They are best used on alpine slides and rockeries.
When fully opened, Kaufman tulips look like a six-pointed bright star; in group plantings, this is just an impressive sight. It is worth noting the name of Kaufmann's tulip varieties: Giuseppe Verdi (pictured), Johann Strauss, Shakespeare. Musical and romantic names are quite consistent with the delicate appearance of flowers.
Foster Tulips
Foster's tulips got their name in honor of the professor. They are larger than the previous class. In height, the peduncle grows up to 30-50 cm, while the bud itself is 1/3 (15 cm). The shape of the flower of Foster's tulips is goblet or cup-shaped with a slight interception, as if it has a waist. The color is bright in orange-red colors. But there are varieties of Foster. In their natural environment, they grow only in Central Asia.
Tulips Greig
Greig's tulips are the owners of not only chic large flowers, but also very decorative leaves. Large and green, they are covered with longitudinal stripes of purple, red, Brown. The flowers have a very beautiful shape, in many varieties resembling an hourglass rather than a glass, tapering somewhere in the middle, as if they have a waist.
The petals are pointed, as they bloom, they bend to the sides. Color can be monochrome or two-tone. Color palette varied: from milky to bright scarlet shades. Greig's tulips bloom, usually in late April or early May.
Varieties of medium height (20-30 cm) look good in group plantings on alpine hills or along borders, suitable for cutting into bouquets. The best varieties Greig's tulips: Giant Perrot, Majestic, Princess Charmant, Tsar Peter (pictured), Oriental, Lovely Surprise.
Wild species of tulips
Everyone knows that the name of the tulip comes from the Persian word "toliban", which means a turban or turban (headdress). The birthplace of tulips and, one might say, the center of their speciation, is undoubtedly the Desert plains in the spring are transformed beyond recognition, covered with a bright floral carpet. It was from there that they settled across the continents and now feel great in the mountainous regions of Europe, the Caucasus, and several species grow even in Africa.
Wild tulips bloom early (in April), are most often undersized and have many-flowered species. Due to their miniature size, they are simply indispensable in rockeries and alpine slides. Will look great in the garden among the trees.
The history begins in Ancient East where they occupied important place in the Seljuk culture, and then in Ottoman Empire where they were considered a symbol of peace and tranquility.
In Western Europe, the flower appeared relatively recently, for the first time tulips were planted in 1530 in Portugal. And after more than a hundred years, they conquered Holland, where they became perhaps the most beloved garden flower. Now in the Netherlands there is even the Royal Society of Bulbous Plants. And at the moment there is no equal in the selection of tulips in Holland, most of varieties are bred there. In addition, it is the main supplier on the world market of such simple, but such valuable bulbs.
If you want to create unique picture in your garden, then you must have tulips. Choose different varieties of tulips, depending on the time of their flowering, so that one replaces the other, forming a continuous stream bright colors. Larger ones are suitable for combined flower beds, and plant smaller ones on alpine slides and around fruit trees in the garden. You can create a one-color even carpet or a mosaic of different shades of colors!
Early flowering of Kaufman tulips
Tulips are not considered "primroses" - the main time of their flowering is when the ground and trees are already covered with lush greenery.
However, among the various tulips there is one group (unfortunately, not yet common in gardens), which can be attributed to primroses. These are Kaufman tulips, which bloom simultaneously with large-flowered (Dutch), and the earliest.
For modest "primroses" they are incredibly beautiful: their large bright flowers against the background of bare earth seem artificial.
In the south of the Central Black Earth Region, in early spring, Kaufman's tulips bloom already by the Annunciation (April 7).
If the winter was severe, and the spring is cold and late, then they begin to bloom in mid-April. But, in any case, the flowering of Kaufman tulips begins two to three weeks earlier than the familiar and widespread Darwin hybrids (most flower growers know them simply as "tulips").
Selection work with Kaufmann's tulip
Tulips Kaufman in the modern classification - a group of early flowering tulips. It originates from the Central Asian Kaufman tulip, which grows wild in the mountains of the Western Tien Shan among shrubs and stones. This species was first introduced into culture in 1877 by the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden. The beauty of flowers and unusual early flowering this savage struck the imagination of flower growers of that time. Its flowers even wild nature very large and varied colors - yellow, white and red of all shades. outer side The (back) of the petals is a different color than the inner, and even in white and yellow flowers it is magenta or purplish red.
Propagation of the Kaufmann tulip in gardens long time restrained by the lack of vegetative reproduction: its bulbs did not give children at all. And when sown with seeds, flowering of young plants occurred only after 5-7 years.
intensive breeding work with the Kaufman tulip was started by Dutch firms in the late twenties and early thirties of the last century. At this time in the USSR, the Bolsheviks carried out an accelerated program of industrialization of the country. Required a large number of foreign currency for the purchase of equipment for factories under construction. Everything that could be of interest to a Western buyer was exported, including works of art and even ornamental wild plants.
In those years, Dutch firms purchased large quantities of bulbs of Central Asian tulip species, including the Kaufman tulip.
By sowing the seeds of the best wild-growing forms, followed by the selection of promising seedlings (with satisfactory and good vegetative reproduction) and crossing the Kaufman tulip with the Greig tulip, the first varieties of Kaufman tulip were created in the forties and fifties. These varieties reproduced well or satisfactorily vegetatively and inherited: from the Kaufmann tulip - early flowering, large flower size and varied color, and from the Greig tulip - often very beautiful leaves with purple stripes and strokes.
Currently, more than two hundred varieties of Kaufman tulip are known. In 1960, the World Committee for the Registration of Varieties (Holland) singled out these varieties in a separate 12th class.
Features of varieties of Kaufman tulips
A distinctive feature of the varieties of Kaufman tulips is their short stature: plants do not exceed 40-45 cm in height, but usually 15-25 cm.
The flowers of Kaufman's tulips are very large: often the height of the flower is half the height of the plant.
Of the varieties of Kaufman tulips with white flowers, the most famous are: "Johann Sebastian Bach", "Johann Strauss", "Se First".
A very unusual variety of domestic selection "Stork", bred by Z.P. Bochantseva. It has a relatively high peduncle for this group (up to 50 cm), pure White flower with a bright pink back and a yellow bottom. Indeed, from afar, it is very reminiscent of a stork standing on one leg.
Distinguished by bright colors yellow varieties tulips Kaufmann: "Caesar Frank", "Berlioz", "Joseph Kafka". The back of the petals they have different shades of red.
Of the red varieties of Kaufman tulips, Scarlet Baby and Shakespeare stand out. The first grade has medium-sized, but very elegant bright red flowers of a star shape. The Shakespeare variety has lily-shaped flowers that open strongly in the sun. The coloration is very unusual, carmine on the outside with salmon edging, salmon on the inside with scarlet shading, very reminiscent of a rough coloring with a colored pencil. This variety blooms one of the first.
Agrotechnics of tulips Kaufman
The agricultural technology of Kaufman's tulips does not differ significantly from.
In steppe regions with hot, dry summers, Kaufman tulips can not be dug up for several years. During this time, a whole curtain of plants is formed, which blooms profusely in spring.
I have noticed that such non-transplanted plants bloom almost a week earlier than transplanted tulips. But it must be remembered that every year the bulbs of Kaufman tulips are deeper and deeper - they go into dense layers of soil, and at the same time they become smaller.
Therefore, after 3-4 years, a nest of overgrown Kaufman tulip bulbs is dug up and planted.
In more northern regions where there is a cool rainy summer, an annual Kaufman is needed with their subsequent (in the attic or in another well-heated dry room) until the autumn. Otherwise, the bulbs quickly shrink and stop blooming, and then die.
The great advantage of Kaufman tulips is their resistance to.
During the flowering period of Kaufman tulips, there are often strong return frosts (-2 ... -10 degrees), they are not afraid of cold.
Kaufmann's tulip flowers always close at night. Often, after strong matinees, plants fall to the ground - and it seems that they have already died. And when the sun has warmed the earth, the peduncles straighten, the buds open again. And tulips, as if nothing had happened, continue to bloom. Only sometimes their slightly curved peduncles remind of the past cold weather.
The use of Kaufman tulips
Due to the short peduncles, Kaufman tulips are of little use for cutting. But for them they are very good.
After passing winter period rest in a cool basement, pots with planted tulip bulbs are brought into a room with a temperature of + 16 ... + 18 degrees, where the plants bloom in 10-14 days.
The main purpose of Kaufman tulips is to create beautifully flowering combinations in the spring garden.
Often, semi-double flowers are formed from large bulbs, which are very effective in sunny weather when they open wide and resemble the flowers of nymphs (water lilies). In connection with this similarity, the British call Kaufmann's tulip: "tulip-water lily." This name is also given to the plant for the ability of its flowers to close in cloudy weather and open wide when the sun is shining.
Admiring the bright flowering of Kaufman's tulips in the garden on the first warm spring days, you get an extraordinary mental relaxation and relaxation from everyday worries. All around it is still bare and gray, and only the curtain with Kaufman's tulips glows with multi-colored colors. Hundreds of bees are buzzing around them, the first spring butterflies are fluttering...
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Tulip Kaufman - one of the most beautiful species of the genus, which, for its resemblance to the flowers of a water lily, is called a nymph tulip. It grows in the Western Tien Shan from the foothill plains up to 3000 m above sea level, along dry steppes, meadows, in thickets of shrubs, in broad-leaved forests, on fine-earth and gravelly areas, and even on mountain slopes. This is a perennial plant that develops from a bulb and persists in this form in the ground.
The mountains of the Western Tien Shan are not as high as the mountains in the central part of the Tien Shan, but in their own way they are unique and diverse. Occupying the territories of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan and partly Tajikistan, the Western Tien Shan stretches from the northeast (Talas Alatau) to the southwest (mountains Altyntopkan and Karamazar) for more than 300 km. It is there that this wonderful flower grows in the wild.
The bulb with a diameter of 4 cm is covered with a black-brown leathery shell, a fleshy colorless shoot extends vertically upwards from it. Its length depends on the depth of the bulb. How older age plants, the farther from the surface of the earth the bulb is located, and every year it sinks deeper and deeper with the help of retracting roots.
Most of the time the bulb is dormant. On the onset favorable conditions moisture in the soil during the melting of snow or immediately after the snow cover melts, as well as with the onset of warm days, a kidney awakens in it, and the shoot starts to grow. It breaks through the thickness of the earth and finally comes to the surface.
Since that time, there has been a rapid change in the appearance of the tulip. Just yesterday, tiny sprouts stuck out here and there, but today they have grown noticeably, new ones have appeared. A few more days will pass, the shoots will stretch out, the leaves will begin to unfold, and in 10-15 days the entire slope will turn into a flower garden. But not all plants bloom: some are still too young, while others are resting this year, gaining strength.
Blooming tulip has a stem 30-40 cm tall, 2-3 bluish bare leaves and 1 flower. Most often, the inner perianth lobes are white with a yellow spot at the base or yellowish, the outer ones are dirty purple or reddish-purple along the back, slightly longer than the inner ones. But in the thickets of the Kaufman tulip, you can find flowers of a wide variety of colors and shades - from dark crimson to pure white or with a greenish tint, with dark venation, spotting or line drawing. There is also a variety of flower forms.
This rampage lasts 7-10 days, after which the petals fly around, only the ovaries remain on the stems. Seeds ripen in a month and spill out of the boxes. Seedlings appear the next year. Some of them die, while the rest give rise to a new generation.
Apart from seed propagation, Kaufmann's tulip can also reproduce vegetatively. This happens due to the formation of additional shoots - stolons on the bottom of the mother bulb. Bulbs grow at the ends of the stolons, which gradually grow and develop, feeding on the mother plant, and when the shoot connecting them dies, they switch to an independent way of life. One mother plant can produce 1-3 daughter plants annually. Vegetative reproduction plants - more reliable way. It is less dependent on weather conditions, insect activity and impact anthropogenic factors(picking flowers, eating shoots by cattle).
By the time the seeds ripen, the underground shoot dries up, the formation of the germ of the next year's shoot ends inside the bulb, and it freezes. The total duration of the growing season is 100-120 days.
Some researchers believe that it was Kaufmann's tulip that was the primary source (or one of the primary sources) of modern tulips. And it was brought to Holland from the Tien Shan. Since then, the Dutch have not lost interest in them - they cross, select, develop new varieties using the natural diversity of plants.