The brick house is reliable and durable housing. However, its walls are prone to deformations due to temperature fluctuations. Temperature seam in brickwork contributes to a significant reduction in the walls of the walls, preservation of their integrity. Such seams reduce the load on the structural elements and make the masonry more resistant to air temperature fluctuations.
What it is?
The deformation seam in the brickwork is a special gap around the perimeter of the structure, which divides the wall into separate compartments, which gives the building an elasticity. It is done in order to prevent cracks in the construction structure when expanding and narrowing building materials under the influence of temperature difference, as well as for additional protection of walls from deformation during the shrinkage of the house. The size of the clearance depends on the type of masonry and ambient temperature at different times of the year, taking into account the climatic conditions of the region. In high-rise buildings, the temperature seam happens:
- Vertical. It takes place in the height of the whole house, with the exception of the foundation, width is 20-40 mm.
- Horizontal. It is made at the level of all overlaps width 30 mm.
The contact of the temperature seam in brickwork with the foundation of the building is unacceptable.
Types of temperature seams in a brick high-rise building
In the group of such seams there is a sedimentary type.
In addition to temperature, in the masonry there are other deformation seams, such as:
- shrinkage;
- sediment;
- seismic.
All types of special gaps protect each constructive node of the house from destruction and prevent the formation of cracks in carrier and other walls. Temperature and shrinking emptiness are made in all brick houses without exception. Sediments perform a protective function from destruction at high loads and are needed in multi-storey buildings and homes with an extension. They are made from the foundation, but the device is performed on the principle of vertical temperature gaps, so it is possible to combine them into heat shrinking and create in the same firmware. Seismic emptiness is advisable to do only in areas with increased seismic activity.
Isolation and insulation options
In order to protect against environmental impacts and prevent the occurrence of drafts inside the building, all deformation gaps are insulated without exception. To do this, create a protective hermetic layer using elastic materials. The selection of the insulation depends on the size of the temperature seam. It uses one type of material or a combination of them. The table shows the type of insulation depending on the width of the temperature gap in the brickwork:
To seal insulated seams use:
Expansion joint - This seam is not less than 20 mm wide, separating the building on separate compartments. Due to this dissection, each compartment of the building receives the possibility of independent deformations.
The purpose of the deformation seam is contained in lowering the overload on the individual shares of systems in the places of proposed designs, which have all the chances of creating a weightless temperature, and still seismic phenomena, the sudden and uneven sedimentary of the soil and other actions that can start personal overloads that reduce the carrier characteristics of the systems . In the audience, probably in the body of the structure, it shares the construction for some blocks, giving this some elasticity of the construction. For the supply of waterproofing, the cross section is filled with suitable which was used. Probably have all the chances of exist different sealants, hydrochpones or putty.
The deformation seams are divided into three main types
Depending on the purpose, the deformation seams are divided into three main types: - temperature-shrinkage seams are arranged to avoid the formation of cracks and distortions in the outer walls of the buildings due to air temperature drops outside and inside the building. The seams of this type dissect the design of only the ground part of the building - walls, overlap, coating and ensure the independence of their horizontal displacements relative to each other. The foundations and other underground parts of the building do not disseminate, because the temperature differences for them are less and deformed do not reach hazardous values.
The deformation seam apparatus The privilege of the most experienced builders, because it is a serious craft need to be entrusted only to the competent specialists. Stroy the team is obliged to own a noble equipment about the knowledgeable mounting of the deformation seam from the given is dependent on the viability of the exploitation of the whole system. You need to predict the uncomfortable future affairs, connecting the monter, welded, carpent, reinforcement, trigonometric, laying concrete. The development of an aggregate of the deformation seam must be responsible to generally accepted deliberately studied advice.
Deformational seam - Wikipedia: a deformation seam - designed to reduce loads on elements of structures in places of possible deformations arising from fluctuations in air temperature, seismic phenomena, uneven ground precipitation and other effects that can cause dangerous eigen loads that reduce the carrying ability of structures. It is a kind of incision in the building structure, separating the structure into separate blocks and, thereby, the construction of some degree of elasticity. For the purpose of sealing is filled with elastic insulating material.
Distances between temperature and shrinkage
The distances between the temperature and shrinking seams are prescribed depending on the climatic conditions of the construction site and the material of the exterior walls of the building. For example, in residential buildings this distance is 40? 100 m with brick walls and 75? 150 m with walls of concrete panels (the lower the outdoor air temperature at the construction site of the building, the smaller the distance is assigned between the deformation seams). The compartment of the building, located between the two temperature and shrinking seams or between the end of the building and the seam is called a temperature compartment or temperature unit;Rational cutting
In any episode, the main designations of concrete buildings stem? What do deformation seams need in this case? Configurations in the building housing have all the chances will occur at the time of construction near the high temperature force - a result of exothermia of solidifying concrete and tenting the temperature of the Spirit. After all, in this episode, the concrete reduction is sorted. In the reinforced concrete moment, the deformation seams are ready to reduce extra overload and prevent subsequent configurations that can begin with unequivocated about the construction. Constructions as if the desire is cut in accordance with the length of a single collapsible installation. The deformation seams work on the supply of high-quality operation of all sections, and also eliminate the possibility of the origin of stresses between adjacent blocks.
More popular visits include temperature and sedimentary seams. They are used near the grateful majority of the construction of different buildings. Temperature deformation seams will occur configurations in the Housing of the Sports, which appear about changes in the temperature around the circle. In a huge stage, the dung fraction of the structure is subjected to this, therefore the cuts are made with the soil values \u200b\u200bof the sick, the most in no way affecting the thorough fraction. This type of seam cuts the construction to the installation, such a role, providing the possibility of rectilinear movements in the absence of negative (non-breaking) results.
That or another attend deformation stitches between the houses? Specs systematize them according to the line of indicators. Probably has the opportunity to exist a view of the system being serviced, location space (device), for example, deformation seams in the walls of the structure, in floors, in the roof. Apart from this, it is necessary to take into account sociability and the regime of their location (cover of the building and from outside, in the disclosed atmosphere). About the generally accepted systematization (more fundamental, clambering, more distinguishing symptoms of deformation seam) is pronounced more closely. Sympathy started in the diversity database, with koim caused to fight. With this Basta vision, the deformation stitch between the houses has the ability to exist heat, slim, heat shrinking, earthquake, isolating. In connection with the current events and the criterion between the houses use different future deformation seams. But it should be done, as if they are uncomfortable to approach the data at the beginning of the characteristics.
Sediment
- The sedimentary seams provide in cases where the unequal and uneven sediment of the adjacent parts of the building is expected. Such a precipitate may occur when the heights of individual parts of the building are more than 10 m, with different loads on the base, as well as with heterogeneous soils under the foundations. 
Fig. 3.67. The schemes of the deformation seams in buildings: A - temperature and shrinkage; B - sedimentary: 1 - elevated part of the building; 2 - underground part (foundation); 3 - Deformational seam The sedimentary seams are disengaged vertically all the designs of the building, including its underground part. This allows you to provide an independent sediment of individual volumes of the building. The sedimentary seams provide not only vertical, but also horizontal movements of dismembered parts, so they can be combined with temperature-shrinkage seams. This type of deformation seams is called temperature-sediment; - Antisaismic seams provide in buildings disposed in seismic areas. Antisaismic seams as well as sedimentary seams, dismembering the building along the entire height (overhead and underground) into separate compartments, which are independent sustainable volumes, which ensures their independent precipitate.
| show 1. | shov 2. | shov 3. |
| 44% concrete | 27% concrete | 56% concrete |
| structure 18. | Structure 134. | structure 1903. |
All sorts of systems and buildings are constructed according to various factors: precipitation of the construction of the construction of the construction during operation, temperature and seismic actions, the heterogeneity of the soils at the base of the systems. Understatell, when designing and building, it is necessary to take into account all the data of the reasons and make a subject very harmless to people, and even reduce the likelihood of defects and the risk of frequent repair. Since in the modern world, everything more often builds huge and powerful buildings as residential, sorts and trades, industrial, unrealist in the absence of the introduction of deformation seams in all fruitful parts of buildings.
Since recently, prices for various building materials grow rapidly, it is necessary to think about how to create effective and high-quality structures so that after construction it has not necessary to correct errors. In order to eliminate possible errors and risks, during the construction of any buildings it is necessary to organize temperature seams in concrete. These designs minimize various deformations.
Not an exception here and various concrete structures. It can be floors, messages and many other designs. If the choice of technology for the creation of sex will be incorrect, then as a result it will turn into cracks, and the finish coating is deformed.
The status of the foundation tape depends on the breakfast. If it is cracking, it can cause moisture penetration into the ground and eventually pour into very serious consequences.
How do they look?
In appearance, they are cuts in concrete. Thanks to these cuts with sharp and smooth drops, the base temperatures will not occur. This can be explained by the fact that the foundation can expand, enough space for this.
So, there are a large number of similar protective building structures. Snip classification contains not only temperature, but also many other types of seams.
Mature of concrete seams
So, among the seams distinguish:
- Shrinkage;
- Sedimentary and temperature;
- Anti-seismic.
Temperature and shrinkage seams are temporary lines. They are created mainly in monolithic structures directly when pouring concrete mixes. When the mixture begins to dry, it will shrink. This can form cracks. So, the solution will compress, and the pressure will affect the emptiness line that will expand. Then, when everything dries, the line will be destroyed.
As for the second group, these grooves are designed to preserve the construction of precipitation and temperature drops. The sediment can be detected on any elements of the construction, as well as at the base. Temperature incision can be found everywhere on any elements, but not on the foundation. For example, in most buildings you can find temperature seams in the walls.
Anti-seismic protection is special lines that divide the building on blocks. Where these lines pass, create double walls or special racks. This allows you to build more stable.
Protects from sudden temperature drops and deformation
According to its constructive features, the temperature-deformation seam is a special groove, line. He divides the whole building on the blocks. The size of such blocks and directions in which the sand line shares the building, determine the project, as well as special calculations.
In order to seal these grooves, as well as to reduce heat loss, these grooves are filled with thermal insulators. Often, various materials based on rubber are used. So, the elasticity of the building is growing significantly, and temperature expansions will not destructively affect other materials.
Often, this incision is made from the roof to the base. The basis itself is not divided, as the foundation is lower than the depth on which the soil frnds. The basis will not experience the effect of low temperatures. The deformation seam step depends on the materials used, as well as from the point on the map where the object is located.
In most buildings and buildings, you can use numbers from tables. The distance between the temperature seams will be 150 m for those buildings that are constructed from prefabricated structures and are heated or 90 m for monolithic heated structures.
And where is there no heating?
In this case, these figures are reduced by 20%. In order to prevent efforts, in the case of uneven selay, sediment seds can be organized. Also, this protection can perform the role of temperature. A sedimentary incision should be created before the base. Temperature - to the top of the foundation. The width of the temperature seam should be 3 cm.
Protection in homes where people live
Temperature seam in a residential building has an ancient history. To use these technologies began in the process of building the first Egyptian pyramid. Then she began to be used for any stone structures. With the help of this trick, people learned to maintain their accommodation from leakage of temperature and other natural cataclysms.
Operation of residential buildings often leads to a different type of destruction of the foundation and foundation. Among the many possible reasons you can highlight the movement of the soil under the house. This is a signal of waterproofing. Subsequently, the house is sooner or later collapsed.
How it's done
Each house has a perforator. So, with the help of a bera, you need to make a horizontal incision in the wall. Then it is necessary to carry out sealing of the seam with the help of Toli, the pacles and at the end should be made a special lock and from water, sand, clay and straw. This composition needs to close the temperature seam.
And if a brick house
Here, such protection means must be provided at the design stage. In order to arrange a cut, apply a spool in a brickwork, which will be covered with two layers of roofing. Then everything is tightened with a layer of packles and again it is required to make a castle on the basis of water and clay.
- Spool is created at the construction stage. However, if it is not provided and not provided, it is very necessary to make such a protective agent, then everything can be performed using a perforator, but you need to work very carefully. What is a spool? This is a technological excavation. The dimensions of such a notch are a height of 2 bricks and a depth of 0.5.
- At this stage, it is necessary to set down the future temperature seam in the brickwork all the same tone and score all the same packles. Thanks to its unique properties, these materials do not react to temperature jumps, and the masonry, in turn, will also not respond to them.
- Now it's time to close this groove. Most people apply concrete or cement mortar for this. However, clay-based magazine is suitable for these purposes much better. The effectiveness is due to the fact that clay is an excellent heat insulator and waterproofer. Also, the clay also carries a decorative function.
We protect the breakfast
So, to perform temperature seams in the breakfast, it is necessary:
- Drop into the pedimeter of the structure of the trench. The depth should be 15 cm. The width of the trench should be more roofing visor;
- Fall asleep on the bottom of the trench a pillow from rubble, and on top to lay on the entire perimeter rubkeroid;
- Conduct mounting frame based on reinforcement.
Before switching to concrete work on the breakfast, perform a protective seam. It follows it on the line where the walls and scene are connected. To organize the groove, it is enough to install between the slope and the wall of the small thickness board. Also these grooves are necessary and across. This is done by the same method. You need to withstand a distance of 1.5 m.
After the fill, the concrete mix will go there, where necessary, but where the boards are installed, the grooves will remain. After sufficient solidification of the solution, you can pull the wood. The slots can be blown with a sealant or other means. The most important thing is that the cuts are not empty, otherwise the protection will be zero.
And what about the concrete floor?
Temperature seams in the floors can be performed even after the mixture is sufficiently frozen. Of course, it will be better to concern them even before the fill process.
To perform such protection in the floor, you need:
- Determine the lines for cutting concrete. Distance can be easily and just count. So, 25 must be multiplied by the size of the floor thickness;
- Slip grooves using power tools. The depth will be 1/3 of thickness. Optimal size in width - a pair of centimeters;
- Remove all dust from the grooves and primed;
- When dried, the slots should be filled with any, intended for these purposes, material.
These actions will not cause difficulties. What happened? If the floor is deformed, these processes will go along the seams. Here the screed can slightly crack, but the first floor covering will remain perfectly whole.
It turns out that such events and simple technological operations, both on the street and in the house or any other building, allow you to protect the building. If once with low-cost materials and perforator, create a temperature seam in the stove, the floor and anywhere, can be significantly saved in the future and extend the timing of the structure of the structure.
Many years of experience with housing and utilities enterprises showed the need to periodically explain the various technologies for servicing buildings and the functioning system of various structural elements of buildings.
Types of deformation seams
The deformation seams are divided into its intended purpose to temperature, shrinkage, sedimentary, compensation and seismic and are a through section of the building into separate blocks to reduce the load on the structural elements in the places of various deformations.
In our climatic belt, the first two types are most often found. Temperature seams can be seen on houses longer than four entrances, and sometimes more often, and they serve to increase the elasticity of the building in the offseason, when the ambient temperature changes, and therefore buildings.
Shooting seams are used primarily in homes consisting of sections of different floors, which means that the shrinkage after construction they give different.
In other words, temperature and shrinking seams are needed that the building does not crack from fluctuations in temperature and during the shrinkage of the building.
Of course, the deformation seam must be protected from snow, moisture, dirt, and the formation of drafts inside it. For this seam insulation and sealed. The selection of material for insulation depends primarily on the width of the seam, and the sealing method depends on the planned service life and the cash funds for its repair.
It seems most obvious to fill the seam with a vacloterm and launching, as implemented on many new buildings. This method is as simple as the same and short-lived, since the plaster in the deformation seam is not able to withstand the load assigned to it and inevitably it cracks, and then chosen.
Viloterm showed its briefness in the absence of combining it with the mounting foam.
Options for insulation of seams
We will analyze possible options for insulation and sealing depending on the width of the seam.
With a small width, the optimal will be the use of a classic mounting foam, in a protected from sunshine, it is inferior to durability only expanded polystyrene.
With a width of a seam from 30 to 50mm, the combination of mounting foam and a twill is optimal. Villers will ensure foam savings and add plasticity to the compound, and the foam will create a margin of safety and will not allow the twillman to take a constant form during the displacement of the parts of the building, which means that the appearance of the gaps in the temperature seam will not allow.
The question is natural - why it is impossible to fully fill the seam by mounting foam?
First, with a designed width of the seam, more than 30mm also takes into account the significant displacement of the elements of the building in relation to each other, and therefore the need arises to ensure proper plasticity to the insulation.
Secondly, the foam is much more expensive than expanded polystyrene and the twiloterma, and, as a result, with the full filling of the seam only by the mounting foam, the cost of the route will increase significantly.
Sealing options for seams
The sealing of the temperature and shrinking seam is made either two-component sealant, or is sewn with galvanized deformation compensator.
Sealant can be used on seams of small and medium thickness. It is important to use a two-component polyurethane sealant, because it is more plastic, in contrast to acrylic sealants and is more durable. The minus method is relative inesthetics, since a two-component sealant cannot be applied to an ideal flat layer due to its properties. Plus - the cost of the seam device, since the application of the sealant is less laborious than installing the compensator.
The use of sealant is most justified for shrinking seams, especially for new buildings, where the displacement of the elements of the building with each other has not passed its most active stage. The sealant cracks over time, but without prejudice to the facade of the building, especially if the building is insulated widely used by the "wet facade" currently.
The most durable method of sealing the temperature seam is the joint of the joint with a galvanized compensator. It is extremely important to use not just a galvanized sheet, but to use a metal profile with reinforcing a deformation seam. The service life is limited only by the aging of the metal. If you use a simple galvanizing without deformation bend, then over time it will break out of the wall due to the lack of minimal elasticity on the gap.
When building and designing structures of various purposes uses a deformation seam, which is necessary to strengthen the entire structure. The task of the seam is the insoleness of the structure from seismic, sedimentary and mechanical influences. This procedure serves as an additional strengthening of the house, protects against the destruction, shrinkage and possible shifts and curvatures on the soil.
Determination of the deformation seam and its types
Expansion joint - incision on the structure, which reduces the load on the part of the structure, which increases the stability of the building and the level of its resistance to the loads.
Such a construction stage makes sense to apply when designing premises of high length, placement of structure in places of weak soil, actively acting seismic phenomena. Seam is made in areas with a large level of precipitation.
Based on the destination, the deformation seams are divided into:
- temperature;
- shrinkage;
- sediment;
- seismic.
In some buildings, due to the characteristics of their location, combinations of methods that serve to protect immediately from several reasons for deformation are applied. This may be caused when the terrain on which construction is erected has the soil prone to sending. It is also recommended to do several types of seams in the construction of extended high houses, with many different designs and elements. 
Temperature seams
These construction methods serve as protection against changes and temperature fluctuations. Even in cities located in a temperate zone when moving from a high summer temperature to a low winter, there are often cracks of various sizes and depths. Subsequently, they lead to deformity not only the box of structures, but also the grounds. In order to avoid these problems, the building is divided by seams, which is determined on the basis of the material from which the construction is erected. Also, the maximum low temperature characteristic of this area is taken into account.
Such seams are used only on a wall surface, since the foundation due to the location in the ground is less susceptible to the temperature differences.
Shrinking seams
Apply less frequently, mainly when creating a monolith-concrete frame. The fact is that concrete during solidification is often covered by cracks, which subsequently grow and create cavities. In the presence of a large number of foundation cracks, the building design may not withstand and collapse.
The seam applies only until the full hardening of the foundation. The meaning of its application is that he grows until the moment until the entire concrete becomes solid. Thus, the concrete foundation is completely seated, without covered with cracks.
After the final drying of the concrete, the incision must be fully bought.
So that the seams turned out completely sealed and did not let moisture, use special sealants and hydrospones. 
Sedimentary deformation seams
Such constructions are used in the construction and design of structures of different floors. So, for example, when building a house, in which on the one hand there will be two floors, and from the other three. In this case, the part of the construction where the three floors, has a much greater pressure on the soil than that only two. Due to uneven pressure, the soil can see, thereby causing strong pressure on the foundation and walls.
From pressure shift, various surfaces of the structure are covered with a network of cracks and subjected to destruction. In order to prevent the deformation of the structural elements, the builders use sedimentary shots.
Strengthening shares not only walls, but also the foundation, thereby protecting the house from destruction. It has a vertical form and is located from the roof to the base of the structure. Creates a fixation of AVSEX parts of the structure, protects the house from the destruction, strain of varying severity.
Upon completion of the work, it is necessary to seal the deepening itself and its edge for complete protection of the structure from moisture and dust. For this, conventional sealants can be found in building stores. Work with materials is carried out by general rules and recommendations. An important condition for the arrangement of the seam is its full fullness of the material so that the emptiness remains inside.
They are made on the surface of the walls from the tongue, with a thickness of about half of the brick, at the bottom of the seam is made without shunt.
In order to inside the building, there is no moisture, the clay castle is equipped on the outside of the basement. Thus, the seam not only protects against the destruction of the structure, but also turns out to be an additional sealant. The house is protected from groundwater.
Such a type of seams is necessarily placed in places of contact of various sites of the building, in such cases:
- if parts of the structure are placed on the basis of various flowering;
- in the case when others are attached to the existing structure, even if they are made of identical materials;
- with a significant difference in the height of individual parts of the structure, which exceeds 10 meters;
- in any other cases, when there is foundations to expect uneven foundation drawdown.
Seismic seams
Such constructions are also called anti-seismic. It is necessary to create this kind of fortification in areas with increased seismic nature - the presence of earthquakes, tsunami, landslides, volcanic eruptions. In order for the building to not raise from bad weather, it is customary to build such fortifications. The design is designed to protect the house from the destruction during land shocks.
Seismic seams are designed according to their own scheme. The meaning of the design is the creation of separate non-reported vessels inside the building, which in the perimeter will be separated by deformation seams. Often inside the building deformation seams are located in the form of a cube with equal faces. The edges of the cube are compacted using double brickwork. The design is designed for the fact that at the time of seismic activity, the seams will hold the design without giving the walls.
Application of various types of seams during construction
When temperature fluctuations, structures made from reinforced concrete prone deformation - can change their shape, dimensions and density. With the shrinkage of concrete, the design with time is shortened and sends. Since the sediment occurs unevenly, then with a decrease in the height of one part of the structure, others begin to shift, thereby destroying each other or form cracks and recesses.
Nowadays, each reinforced concrete structure is a holistic indivisible system, which is strongly subject to changes in the environment. For example, when precipitated soil, sharp fluctuations in temperature, sedimentary deformations between parts of the structure there are mutual additional pressure. Permanent pressure shifts lead to the formation on the surface of the design of various defects - trap, cracks, dents. To avoid the formation of the defects of the building, all the types of incisions are used, which are designed to strengthen the building and protect it from various destructive factors.
In order to reduce the pressure between elements in multi-storey or extended buildings, sedimentary and temperature-shrinkage types of seams must be applied.
In order to determine the required distance between the seams on the surface of the structure, the level of the gyiyness of the material of the columns and connections is taken into account. The only case when there is no need to set the temperature seams - the presence of supports supports.
Also, the distance between the seams often depends on the difference between the greatest and smallest ambient temperature. The lower the temperature, the further from each other should be depressed. Temperature and shrinking seams permeate the structure from the roof to the base of the foundation. While sediment isolate different parts of the building.
Shooting seam is sometimes formed by installing several pairs of columns.
Temperature and shrinking seam is usually formed by the device of pair columns on the total foundation. Sedimentary seams are also designed by installing several pairs of supports that are opposite each other. In this case, each of the support columns must be equipped with its own foundation and fasteners.
The design of each seam is designed to be clearly structured, reliably fix the elements of the structure, be reliably sealed from wastewater. The seam should be resistant to temperature drops, the presence of precipitation, to withstand deformations from wear, shock, mechanical effects.
The seams are made in the case of the nervousness of the soil, the neodynkaya height of the walls.
The deformation seams are insulated with mineral wool or polyethylene foam. This is caused by the need to protect the room from cold temperatures, penetration of dirt from the street, and additional sound insulation is ensured. Other types of insulation are used. From the inside of the room, each seam is sealed with elastic materials, and from the side of the street - sealants able to protect against atmospheric precipitation or nicknames. Facing material does not overlap the deformation seam. With the internal finishing of the seam room covering decorating elements at the discretion of the builder.