Young gods, given the harsh mistakes of ancestors, learned to live together, not making hasty conspiracies aimed at killing rivals. They only sometimes went into disputes about property, be it land or spouse. Usually, thanks to the intervention of Zeus, these minor quarrels managed to solve the diplomatic way, but sometimes humor and readiness to understand the causes of the actions of rivals inferior to such a lowest feeling as pride and greed.
Once such a conflict broke out between Poseidon and Athena, a clear-eyed daughter of Zeus. It was in very long-standing times. Then, when receiving semi-samples named Kekrops only founded the city of Attika and became her first king. When Poseidon's ears came that Athena informally mentions the attics among his personal possessions, the Marine God ordered Kekrops to collect subjects as soon as possible and told them that if Zeus decided to clog the universe by privileged offspring, his right. But as long as such a privilege does not face it, Poseidon, rights. He, the Ocean Lord and the owner of the rivers, will show the inhabitants of Attica, which of the gods really worthy of worship. Poseidon challenged Athena - the one who gives the attic better, he will be a legitimate patron of the city.
The storytellers are divided into opinion that it was Poseidon who showed a surprised crowd. Some say that he hit the Acropolis with his trident and the fountain of salt water scored from the whole cliff. Others assure that in fact there appeared a horse - in those days, the unknown creation in the world of mortals. Whatever Poseidon, from the gift or with a demonstration of horrific power, it turned out enough. Athena waited for his turn, stuck her staff to the ground and an olive tree had grown out of it. The elegance of such an act of creation plunged the crowd to a respectful silence.
 |
| "Poseidon and Athena", Benvenuto Tiz |
At 12:18 he received a question in the section Miscellaneous, which caused difficulties at the learning.
The question caused by difficulties
Why did the Athena recognized the winner? What role did the dilution of olives play in the attic?Answer prepared by experts learning.ru
In order to give a full-fledged answer, a specialist was attracted, which is well versed the required topic "Miscellane". Your question sounded as follows: "Why did the Athena recognized the winner? What role did the breeding of olives play in Attika?"
After the meeting with other specialists of our service, we tend to believe that the correct answer to the question asked by you will sound as follows:
Athena recognized the winner for giving the city olive tree. Poseidon presented the city of Spring, but the water in this spring was bitterly salty. Therefore, the Athenians of the legend preferred Athens's olive tree and made it a patroness of the city. The cultivation of olive trees, due to the natural features of the region, was one of the main occupations of the inhabitants.
Works that I am preparing for students, teachers are always assessed on perfectly. I wrote student work already more than 4 years. During this time, I still never returned to work for revision! If you wish to order my help. Leave the application on this site. Read the reviews of my customers on
The myth of the birth of Athena Pallades. - Goddess Athena and Erichtonius (Erehette). - The myth about the dispute of the goddess Athens with God Poseidon. - Type and distinctive features of Athena Pallas. - Statue of Athena Palladium Fidiya. - Goddess Athena and God Eros. - Myth about Flute Satire Marcia. - Athena-worker: The Myth of Lidioca Arane. - Great Panafinea.
Birth Myth Athens Pallades
One of the oldest Greek myths tells the following about the origin and birth of the goddess of wisdom. Athena Pallada (in Roman mythology - goddess Minerva) It was a daughter Zeus (Jupiter) and his first spouse of methis (translated from ancient Greek language - "Reflection"). The goddess of Metida predicted that her daughter would be born first, and then the son, and this son would be the Lord of the Universe.
Zeus (Jupiter), frightened by such a prediction, appealed for advice to the goddess of Goe (Earth). Gay advised Zeus to swallow the methoo that he fulfilled.
A few times, Zeus (Jupiter) felt a strong headache. Zeus seemed that his skull was ready to fly into pieces. Zeus asked God (volcano) to split his head with an ax and see what was going on there. Only hefesta fulfilled his request, as the head of the Zeus head came out armed and in full bloom of the forces of Athena Pallada - "Mighty daughter of a mighty father," as the goddess Athena usually calls Homer.
Several monuments of ancient art (between others - the Parthenon frieze, which does not exist now), depicted the birth of Athena Pallades.
Athena Pallada is thus the personification of the Divine Mind and Prudence of Zeus (Jupiter). Athena Pallada is a strong and militant goddess, smart and judiciary. Since the goddess of Athena was born not from the mother, but directly from the head of Zeus (Jupiter), then Athena Pallada alien all female weaknesses. The goddess Athena has a serious, almost male character; She is never confused by the excitement of love and passion. Athena Pallada is an eternal virgin, the favorite of Zeus (Jupiter), his like-mindedness, although sometimes, as, for example, in the Trojan War, the goddess of Athena comes against the will of the Father.
The Athena Pallada on humanity is clearly watched and seeks to take part in all life manifestations of people. Athena Pallada is always on the right side of the right thing, helps brave heroes to win victories over enemies, is the patroness of Odyssey and Penelope, the leader of the telemace.
In the goddess of Athena, human culture personifies. The goddess of Athena invented a lot of useful items, somehow: plow and rake. Athena taught people to bargain to the oxen and made them bow the neck under the yoke. The myths of ancient Greece believe that Athena Pallada is the first humble horse and turned it into a pet.
Athena Pallada taught Jason and his companions to build an Argo ship and patronized all the time, while their famous campaign continued.
Athena Pallada is the goddess of the war, but she recognizes only a prudent war, led by all the rules of military art and has a certain goal. This Athena Pallada differs from the god of war Ares (Mars), which is pleasant to the type of blood and who loves the horrors and confusion of war.
The goddess of Athena is everywhere by a strict performer of laws, patroness and defender of civil rights, cities and harbors. Athena Pallada has a malicious eye. The poets of antiquity called the goddess of Athena "Blue-eyed, Svetlocoral and Farmenzorka".
Athena Palladya was established by the Areopag. The goddess of Athena was read as a patronitress musicians, artists and all artisans.
Goddess Athena and Erichtonius (Erehette)
When the goddess Gay (Earth), giving birth from God Hephasta the son of Erichtononia (otherwise - Erechtea), threw him to the mercy of fate, Athena Pallada picked up Erichton and raised. According to Greek myth, Erichtoniy was like half of his body, namely, his lower part, on the snake.
The goddess Athena, busy by constantly wars, laid the child in the basket and instructed Erichtonon to daughters of Kecrops, forbid them to open the basket. But two of the daughters of Kekrops, despite the advice of the senior, Pandaros, tormented by curiosity, opened a basket with Erichton, and saw a sleeping child there, accused Snake, who immediately stung curious girls.
Erichtonius was instructed by the goddess of Athena Pandaros, daughters of Kekrops, and grew under her observation. Wanting to shoot Pandaros, as well as the goddess of Athena his gratitude, Erichtonius built in the city of Athens, the temple, one half of which was dedicated to Athena Pallada, and the other Pandaros.
Myth about the dispute goddess Athens with God Poseidon
When Kekrops founded the city, named by Athens, he could not decide who to choose the patron saint of the title city is the goddess Athena (Minerva) or God (Neptune). This indecision of the king Kekrops caused a dispute between the gods - Athena and Poseidon.
Ancient Greek sculptor FIDI depicted on both fronts of Parfenon (Athens Temple) this dispute. The pieces of these frontones are now stored in the British Museum.
To reconcile the goddess Athena and God of Poseidon, Kekrops decided to choose that of them who inhibit the most useful subject. God Poseidon (Neptune) hit the land with his trident, and the source of seawater appeared. Then Poseidon created a horse, as if wanting to understand that the people, the patron saint of which he, Poseidon, will be elected, will become a tribe of navigators and warriors. But the goddess of Athena turned the wild horse into a pet, and an olive tree appeared on the ground, covered with fruits on Earth, pointing out that the people of the goddess Athena would be strong and mighty thanks to agriculture and industry.
The king of Athens Kekrops turned to the people, asking him to decide to decide, whom the people of the people of Athens wishes to choose their patron. People resorted to universal voting, and all men filed a voice for the god Poseidon, and women for the goddess Athena. One woman turned out to be more, the goddess of Athena won, and the city was dedicated to her. But, fearing the anger of Poseidon (Neptune), threatened to absorb the Athens with his waves, the inhabitants erected the temple and Poseidon. This is how the Athenians at the same time became landpashers, navigators and industrialists.
Type and distinctive features of Athena Pallades
Athena Pallada was the main deity for Athenians, and the Acropolis was considered her sacred mountain. The ancient cult of the goddess Athena existed very long and stopped only under the influence of Christian teachings.
Many antique coins are preserved with the image of Athens Pallas (Romans - Goddess Minerva). On one of the eloqueric coins is also depicted owl - Bird of the goddess Athens, its symbol ( owl Minerva).
The famous scientist Gottfried Muller says that the ideal type of Athens Pallades is the statue of Fidia - Athena Parfenonskaya. Face features of Athena Palladium Fididia became a prototype of all statues of the goddess Athena in the ancient Greeks and Goddess Minerva in ancient Romans. The famous fidium sculptor depicted Athena Pallada with strict, correct features. Athens has a high and open forehead; long, thin nose; Mouth and cheek lines are somewhat sharp; Wide, almost quadrangular chin; eyes lowered by dolt; Hair, just scattered around the face, and go on a slightly on the shoulders.
Athena Pallada (Minerva) is often depicted in a helmet decorated with four horses, showing it that the goddess reconciled with God Poseidon (Neptune), who was dedicated to the horse.
The goddess of Athena always carries aegida. At the aegis, Athena Paldalan was placed head jellyfish Gorgon. Athena is always decorated with jewels, and her outfit is very luxurious.
On one of the ancient balls on the Athena Pallada, except for brilliant aegis, a rich necklace from the acorns and earrings in the form of grape closes.
Sometimes on coins, the Helmet of the goddess Athens is decorated with a fantastic monster with a snake tail. Athena Pallada is always depicted with a helmet on the head, very diverse in forms.
Ordinary weapon of the goddess Athens (Minerva) - Spear, but sometimes she keeps the thunder arrows of Zeus (Jupiter). Athena Pallada also often keeps the statue of Niki - Goddess Victory.
Artists of antiquity portrayed the entire Athena Pallada. On the most ancient monuments of the ancient art, the goddess of Athena is depicted with a raised shield and a spear.
Aegis Athena PalladesThat the goddess always bears, there is nothing but the skin of the goat, which the goddess attached the head of the jellyfish Gorgon. Sometimes aegis replaces the goddess of Athena's shield. Practicing in physical order zipper, Athena must be wearing Aegid as a distinctive feature. At the statues of the ancient Greek archaic, Athena Pallada uses aegid instead of a shield. In the era of the Golden Age of the ancient Greek art, Athena Pallada is aegid on his chest.
The head of Jellyfish Gorgon is also one of the distinguctive signs of the goddess Athens and is depicted or on the aegid, or on the helmet. The head of jellyfish Gorgon should have hinting at what horror was mastered by the enemies of Athena Pallad, when the goddess appeared in front of them. On one ancient Roman fresco, open in Herculaneum, the goddess of Minerva is dressed in Peplos, dropping into a haton with rude and reputable folds; Minerva closed the left hand of the auspices and is ready to enter into battle.
Statue of Athena Pallades Fidiy
The famous statue of the ancient Greek breaker Fididia, Athena Parfenonskaya, was sparkling from ivory and gold.
The goddess of Athena Sculpty Fididia stood in full height, her chest covered the aegis, and the tunic fell back to her. Athena held a spear in one hand, and to another - the statue of the goddess of Victory Niki.
On the helmet she had a Sphinx - the emblem of the Divine Mind. On the sfincase sides were depicted two griffins. Over the pick-up statue of Athens, the work of Fidiya is eight horses carrying in full support - the symbol of the speed of thought.
The head and the hands of the Study statue were from ivory, instead of the eyes are inserted two gems; Gold drapets could optionally be filmed in order for the city of Athens in case of any public disasters could take advantage of this treasure.
On the outside of the shield set at the feet of the goddess Athena, the battle of Athenians with Amazons was depicted, on the back side - the struggle of gods with giants. The Myth of the birth of Pandora was published on the pedestal of the Study Statue.
The goddess of Minerva Sculptor Zimat, who was at the exhibition in the Salon of 1855, is the repetition of the launch of the Fididia, perhaps exactly a carefully reproduced copy to the description of the ancient Greek author of Pavania, which came to us.
The beautiful bronze statue of the Goddess Minerva, located in the Turin Museum, is one of the most wonderful and beautiful ancient statues that have survived to our era.
Goddess Athena and God Eros
The chaste goddess of Athena never depicted by antique artists nude, and if some modern artists and represent Athena in this form in their works, for example, "Court of Paris", then this is to ignorance ancient traditions.
The goddesses of Athens never concerned the arrows of God Erota, who always avoided her and left alone.
The Goddess of Love Aphrodite (Venus), dissatisfied with the fact that her playful son does not even attempts to wander the fellowship of a chastity goddess, shouted eruta for it by reproach.
Eros is justified, saying: "I am afraid of Athena, she is terrible, her eyes of her zorka, and the view of her courageous and majestic. Every time I dare to go to the Athena to hurt her with my arrow, she again scares me with his gloomy gaze; In addition, Athena has such a terrible head on the chest, and I drop my arrows in fear and trembled from her "(Lucian).
Flute Marcia
The goddess of Athena has once found a deer bone, made a flute and began to extract the sounds from her who delivered her great pleasure.
Noticing that when playing, her cheeks swell and ugly, the lips, the goddess of Athena, not wanting to disfigure their face, abandoned her flute, damning in advance who would find her and play her.
Fleute Athens found Satir Mariji and, not paying attention to the curse of the goddess, began to play on it and began to boast his talent, causing God himself on a competition with him. Mariorsi did not escape terrible punishment for his healing and arrogance.
Athena-worker: Arane Lidioca myth
When the goddess Athena is a patronage of crafts and all sorts of female work, she is called Athens-workers, or Ergana (in ancient Greek).
The weathered fabrics were one of the main attributes of Athenians, but the Asian fabrics were always valued above the subtlety and the grace of work. This rivalry between the two countries gave rise to a poetic myth about the rivalry between Arachna and Goddess Athena.
Arachna was a little descent. The father of Arahani was a simple dye from Lydia (region in Malaya Asia), but Arachna was famous for his art to weave beautiful and thin fabrics. Arachna knew how to smoothly and quickly, as well as decorate his fabrics with all sorts of embroidery.
Universal praise so spoke Arachne and she began to be proud of their art that he decided to compete with the goddess Athena, caustic that she could defeat her. The goddess of Athena, taking the appearance of the old woman, came to proud Tkachkha and began to prove Arahans, how dangerously for a simple death championship at the goddess. Arachna answered her boldly, that, in front of her, the goddess Athen itself, she would be able to prove her superiority.
The goddess Athena took this challenge, and they began to work. Athena-Ergan Lottana, on his machine, the story of his sink with God Poseidon, and the bold Arachna portrayed various love stakes and turning the gods on her fabrics. At the same time, the work of Arahans was executed with such perfection that the goddess of Athena could not find in it the lack of lack.
Having become angry and forget that it should be fair, Athena-Ergana in the heat of anger struck Tkachhu Arachna shuttle on the head. Arachna could not transfer such an insult and hanged himself.
The goddess of Athena turned Arachna to Spider, which is forever a creature of his finest cobwebs.
This myth of ancient Greece indicates the superiority of Eastern fabrics: Arachna, Lidija by origin, still won the Athenian Ergana. If Lidika Arahan and was punished, then not as a worker, but only for his arrogant desire to take a goddess.
Great Panafinea
The holiday, known as the Great Panafiney, was established in Athens in honor of Athena Pallades, defenders and patroness of this city.
Great Panafinees were undoubtedly the biggest and ancient folk holiday. Great Panafinee celebrated every four years, and all the Athenians took part in them.
The Great Panafinee holiday lasted from the 24th to the 29th of the anniversary of the hectic month of hecatombeon (half of July and August).
The first day of the Great Panafine was devoted to the musical competitions that took place in Odeon, built on the command of the pericles. All sowings were gathered in Odeon, musicians with their diverse tools and poets.
Other days of the Great Panafine were devoted to gymnastic and horse contests, and the winner was awarded a wreath of olive branches and beautifully painted vessels filled with precious olive oil.
The most solemn part of the holiday Great Panafiney occurred on the birthday of the goddess Athens - the 28th of the month of Hecatombeon. On this day, the procession was arranged in which not only all adults, but also children took part.
At the head of the procession, he was walking with young Athenasi, they carried a new dress for the statue of the goddess Athena - Safranny Color Peplos. In continuation of nine months, all noble Athenasi worked on it, decorating it with all sorts of embroidered and disinanted patterns. Other Athenian girls went behind them ( canephors), carrying the sacred vessels on the heads. Following the Kaneforas, wives and daughters of Athenian freedoms and strangers appeared - they did not have the right to carry the sacred vessels and could only keep vases and vessels with wine, as well as folding chairs for noble wives.
The honorable elders, luxuriously dressed at the expense of the city, followed them with olive branches in their hands; Then - Organizers and holiday managers; Men with branches and vessels with olive oil; Bulls designed to sacrifice the goddess of Athena; Children leading a decorated ram; Musicians and singers.
The procession was magnificent chariots harvested by fours. They managed noble young men and riders on beautiful horses, in memory of the fact that Athena Pallada The first taught to bargain and manage horses.
Separate groups of this procession were vague on the front and frescoes of Parfenon Fid, and some of these bas-reliefs were preserved to the present day.
Athena Pallada were devoted to:
- olive Tree,
- rooster, the early singing of which wakes people in labor,
- snake, the symbol of the mind and purification,
- owl, from the insightful eye of which nothing remains hidden in the darkness of the night.
The epithet "Sovokaya" attached ancient Greek poets and the most goddess of Athena.
Impair.ru, Yegor A. Polycarpov - Scientific editing, scholarship proofreading, design, selection of illustrations, adding, explanations, translations from Latin and ancient Greek; All rights are saved.
Athena, daughter Zeus, Goddess of Wisdom and Victorious War, Defender of Justice
Athena, Greek. - The daughter of Zeus, the goddess of wisdom and victorious war, protector, art and crafts.
Old myths speak out about the birth of Athena rather Skupo: Homer says only that she is without a mother. Later authors can already find details. As Gesiod says, Zeusus was predicted that the goddess of wisdom of methows would give him a daughter who surpasses his wisdom, and the son who will exceed him by force and overthrow from the throne. To prevent this, Zeus swallowed methoo, after which Athena was born from his head.
Even later myths know even how it happened. After Zeus eaten a methoo, he felt that his head was simply split from pain. Then he called Hephaesta (for other versions - Hermes or Titan Prometheus), he revealed him his head with an ax - Athena Pallada appeared on the world.
Thus, in accordance with the symbols of the myths of Athena there was also the forces of Zeus. He loved her more than all his daughters: talked to her, as with his own thought, did not hide anything from her and did not refuse her. For their part, Athena understood and appreciated the favor of his father. She was always next to him, never got carried away by some other God or man and with all his beauty, magnifier and nobility did not marry, remaining Athena-Virny (Athena Parfenos).
Due to its origin and fosting, Zeus Athena became one of the most powerful goddesses of Greek Pantheon. Since ancient times, she was, above all, the goddess of war, being a defender from enemies.
True, the war was in the competence of Ares, but Athena did not bother. After all, Apec was the god of violent war, bloody battles, while she was the goddess intelligently, an example of a slave war, which invariably ends with the victory, which could not be said about the war of Ares. Athena - the goddess of war - the Greeks were revered under the name of Athens Enoplos (Athens armed) or Athens Prosakhos (Athena-advanced fighter or Athena, causing to fight), as the goddess of the victorious war, was called Athena Nika (Athena-winner).
From the beginning and to the end of the ancient world of Athena was the goddess-defender of the Greeks, especially Athenians, who were always her pets. As Athena Pallada, the goddess guarded other cities, first of all, where in the temples there were its cult statuettes, so-called palladiums; While Palladium remained in the city, the city was impregnable. Such palladium had in her main temple and the Trojans, and therefore the Ahaeis, who was precipitated by Troy, could certainly need to steal this palladium (which was made by Odyssey with Diisian). Greeks and their cities of Athena patronized and in war, and in the world. She was a protector of people's assemblies and rights, cared for children and patients, gave people well-being. Often her assistance took purely concrete forms. For example, she presented the Athenians of Oliver, putting this foundation of one of the main branches of Greek national economy (by the way, until today).
In the photo: Pattern of Riviera Brighton "Athena Pallada and the dogs of the shepherd."
In addition to these important functions, Athena was also the goddess of art and crafts (two of these concepts of the Greeks, as a rule, did not distinguish; the work of the sculptor, the bricklayer and the shoemaker they denoted by the word "tehna"). Women she taught to spin and rush, men - blacksmith, jewelry and beautiful crafts, helped builders of temples and ships. For his help and protection, Athena required respect and victims - it was the right of every God. The disrespect and insult she punished, but it was easier to die out than other goddesses.
The gods and heroes of Athena intervened often and effectively, and each of its intervention was led to the result that she herself wished. With the god of the sea Poseidon, Athens, there was a dispute about the domination of attics and Athens. The Board of the Gods appointed the arbitration judge of the first Athens Tsar Kekreop, and Athena spokes won, giving olive and this is to secure the location of Kekrop. When Paris insulted Athena with his reluctance to admit her championship in a dispute about beauty, she replied to him that he helped the Ahaseians to defeat Troy. When her admirer, Diiseda, in the battle under the walls of Troy, had to be tight, she herself took the place of her in his battle chariot and forced her brother Ares to flee. She helped Odyssey, his son Telemakhu, the son of Agamemnon Ores, Bellerofont, Perse, and many other heroes. Athena never left his wards in trouble, always helped the Greeks, especially the Athenians, and she subsequently rendered the same support to the Romans, who won it under the name of Minerva.
In the photo: a copy of the work of Fididia, a colossal bronze statue of Athena Pallades in the center of the Acropolis.
The goddess of Athena speaks already in the monuments of Crito-Mycenaean writing of 14-13 centuries. BC e. (The so-called linear letter "B") found in the core. In them, it is called the goddess-defender of the Tsarist Palace and the nearby city, a helper in battle and a crop donel; Her name sounds like "Atan". The cult of Athens spread throughout Greece, his traces remain and after the victory of Christianity. Above all her, the Athenians, whose city still carries her name.
From time immemorial in Athens, the festivities were held in honor of the birth of the goddess - Panafiney (they followed July - August). In the middle of the 6th century BC e. The Athens Ruler Piscistratt established the so-called great Panafinei, which took place every four years and included competitions of musicians, poets, speakers, gymnasts and athletes, riders, rowers. Small Panafiney was celebrated annually and more modestly. The culmination of these festivities was to offer the gifts of the Athenian people of the goddess, primarily a new apparel for the ancient cult statue of Athena in the Temple of Ereheheton on the Acropolis. The Panificine procession of masterfully depicted on the frieze of Athenian Parfenon, one of whose authors was a great fidium. In Rome, celebrations in honor of Minerva took place twice a year (in March and in June).
In the photo: Statue of Athens ("Pallada Justiniani") in the Gardens of Peterhof.
Architectural structures in honor of Athena are treasured by universal culture - even if some ruins have been preserved from them. First of all, it is Parfenon at the Athenian Acropolis, built in 447-432. BC e. Iktin and Callicrath under the artistic leadership of Fidiya and the consecrated pericl already in 438 BC. e. For more than two millennia, Parfenon stood, almost not touched by time, until in 1687 he did not damage his gunpower, which kept the Turks in it during the war with Venice. Nearby is a small temple of Nika, dedicated to Athena-winner; During the Turkish occupation, it was completely destroyed, but in 1835-1836. Again restored from the ruins. The last of these buildings on the Acropolis - Erehechyon dedicated to Athena, Poseidon and Erekhfey (Erechteu). The Athenian Palladium was kept in it, and "Olive Athens" was planted next to Erehechteion (the current was planted in 1917). The magnificent temples of Athens were built by the Greeks also at the Sparta Acropolis, in the Arcade Tag, on the Marble Terrace in Delphi, in the Multiazia cities of Pergamm, Denya and Assue; In Argos, there was a common temple of Athens and Apollo. The remains of her temple have been preserved in the Sicilian Kefhaledia (current Chephal) and in the ruins of the hymer; The twelve doric columns of her temple in Syracuses still stand as an integral part of the cathedral. Her temple was both three (not only in Homerovskaya, but also in the historical new Ilion). Perhaps she was also devoted to the oldest of the three preserved temples in Poseidonia, South Tytalian Pestum, which is now called Pesti) con. 6 c. BC e., But the tradition called the "Temple of Ceres".
In the photo: Athena Pallada (Minerva). .
Greek artists depicted Athena in the form of a serious young woman in a long robe (Peplos) or in the shell. Sometimes, despite women's clothing, she had a helmet on her head, and next to her - her sacred animals, owl and snake. From its ancient statues, the most highly appreciated: "Athena Parfenos", a colossal Christoefantic statue (i.e., from gold and ivory), from 438 BC. e. stood in Parfenone; Athena Promakhos, a colossal bronze statue of approximately 451 BC. er, who was standing in front of Parfenon, and Athena Lemnia (after 450 BC), erected on the Acropolis than grateful Athenian colonists from Lemnos. All these three statues created fidium; Unfortunately, we know them only by descriptions and late copies and replicas, mostly not very high levels. The reliefs are given about some statues: for example, how the sculpture of Mirone "Athena and Mariji" looked like, we know according to its image on the so-called "Vase Finley" (1 in. BC), stored in Athens, in National Archaeological Museum. Perhaps the best relief of the classical era - "Pensive Athena", resting on a spear and sadly looking at Steel with the names of the fallen Athenian (Acropolis Museum). The most faithful, although not too skillful and besides, a copy of the cult statue "Athena Parfenos" decreased ten times, it is possible to consider the so-called "Athena Varvakion" (Athens, the National Archaeological Museum). In general, the statues of Athens, as well or in the form of torsos, a lot has been preserved. The most famous of them, Roman copies of the Greek originals of the classical era are located in Italy and traditionally are called the names of their former owners or at their location: "Athena Farneza" (Naples, National Museum), Athena Justiniani (Vatican), Athena From Welllelet "(Rome, Capitol Museums and Paris, Louvre). The most valuable in artistic attitude of the head of Athena Lemnia is located in the city museum in Bologna.
The image of the Athena has been preserved about two hundred vases, and many of them belong to the 6th century. BC e. The archaised image of Athens decorated all the amphoras, which were awarded the winners of the Panificine Games.
From the works of the new time, no less numerous and no less diverse level, we call only two pictures: "Pallada and Centaur" Botticelli (1482) and "Birth of Athens from Zeus's head" Fiamingo (1590s). From statues - also two: the work of the skill of the beginning of our century, which stands on a high Ionian column before the Athenian Academy, and the work of Hudon is the end of the 18th century, which decorates the Institute of France.
In the photo: Athens Statue at the Austrian Parliament Building in Vienna.
The ancient Greek goddess Athena is known for defending the city, patronized sciences. This is a warriper that could not be defeated, the goddess of knowledge and wisdom. The Greek goddess Athena was absolutely deservedly revealed by the ancient Greeks. It was a favorite daughter of Zeus, and the capital of Greece was named precisely in her honor. She always helped the heroes not only the wise council, but also by the affairs. Greece girls she kept spinning, weaving, cooking. The Greek goddess Athena not only strangely appeared on the light, with her name, many exciting stories and myths are also associated with her name. Let's learn more about her.
Appearance on light
According to the myths, the goddess of Greece Athena appeared effectively and rather unusual - from Zeus's head. He knew in advance that Metis, the goddess of the mind, there will be two children - daughter (Athena) and the Son endowed with an incredible force and mind. And Moira, the goddess of destiny, warned Zeus that this boy would one day take away from him the existing power over the world. To avoid such a turn of events, Zeus suiced his gentle speeches and swallowed it before the birth of the son and daughter. However, soon he began to torment unbearable headaches. To get rid of herself from suffering, Zeus called Gefesta and ordered him to cut his head with an ax. One strong blow that split skull. The beautiful Goddess of Athena appeared to the amazement of all those present by the Olympic gods, and she was fully armed, and her blue eyes burned wisdom. It is with such a myth that the appearance of a brave brave and wise warrior is connected.
The appearance and symbols of the goddess
Huge blue (according to some data, gray) eyes, luxury blond hair, majestic posture - such a description already says that it was a real goddess. Athena is usually depicted everywhere with a spear in hand and in armor. Despite its natural grace and beauty, it was surrounded by male attributes. On her head you can see a helmet with a rather high ridge, and in your hands there is always a shield that is decorated with a gorgon. Athena is the goddess of wisdom, so it always accompany the corresponding attributes - snake and owl.
Goddess of War
We have already told a little about the armor and attributes of the brave charging. Athena is the goddess of the war that accelerates the clouds with the blade of his sparkling sword, guarding cities, inventing everything necessary for military art. In honor of her, the Panificine holidays were accomplished - big and small. Athena is the goddess of the war, but she did not give any pleasure to participate in battles, unlike Erid and Ares, thirsty and massacre. She also preferred to solve all the questions with an exclusively peaceful way. In good and calm times, she did not wear a weapon with them, and in case of need he received him at Zeus. But if the goddess of Athena and entered into battle, he never lost it.
Goddess wisdom
How many "duties" was assigned to her! For example, it followed the order with the change of weather. If there happened a thunderstorm with a strong rain, the Athena had to trace so that the sun would certainly look like. After all, she was also the goddess of gardens and fertility. Under its patronage died in an attic of an oilseed tree, which had a huge importance for those lands. She needed to control both tribal institutions and a civil device, and public life. Athena is the goddess of ancient Greece, which in myths also serves the goddess of diligence, mind, insight, art of art, artistic activity. She teaches people crafts and arts, gives them knowledge and wisdom. Also, no one could surpass in art weave. It was true, such an attempt was made by Arachna, but that then he paid for his arrogance. The ancient Greeks were confident that it was Athena who invented the flute, a plow, a ceramic pot, rake, chariot, a bridle for horses, a ship and much more. That is why everyone hurried to her for the wise council. She was so kind that even in court always gave her voice for justifying the accused.
Myth about Hephaeste and Athena
It should be noted that another integral and characteristic part of its cult was virginity. According to the myths, many titans, gods, the giants have repeatedly tried to achieve her attention, take their wives, but she strongly rejected their courting. And once, in the midst of the Trojan war, the goddess of Athena appealed to Hephasta with a request to make individual armor for her. As we already know, in such cases it had to receive weapons at Zeus. However, he did not support any Trojans or Ellinov, and therefore it would hardly give her daughter to her armor. Hefest and did not think to deny the Athena in her request, however, he said that she had to pay for the weapon, but love. Athena or did not understand the meaning of these words, or did not give them importance, since he was in time in the forge of Hephasta for his order. She did not have time to cross the threshold, as he rushed to her and wished to master the goddess. Athena managed to escape from his hands, but the Seed of Hephaesta could shed her leg. She wrapped in a piece of wool and threw it to the floor. Once at the Mother-Earth, gay, seed it fertilized. Gay was not pleased with such a fact, and she said that refuses to bring up the baby from Hephaest. Athena also took this burden on their shoulders.
Continuation of myth - history of Erichton
Athena is a goddess, myths about which only confirm her courage and militancy. As she promised, the child named Erichton took to her upbringing. However, it turned out that she was missing for it, because she put a child in the sacred casket and handed it to the Aglaire, the daughter of Kecrops. However, soon the new teacher Erichtoni tried to circle around the finger of Hermes, as a result of which she herself and her whole family had given their lives.
What did the Athena do?
Hearing this tragic news from the White Crow, the goddess was very upset and made the bird of black (since then all the crows are black). The bird found Athena at the moment when she carried a huge cliff. In the upset feelings, the goddess dropped her to the Acropolis, to more reliably strengthen it. Today, this rock is called Likabetta. Erichtonia she hid under her aegid and raised independently. Later he became in Athens King and introduced the cult of his mother in this city.
Myth About Court for Attics
Athena - the goddess of ancient Greece, which today there are many interesting mythological plots. This myth tells about how she became the owner of Attica. According to him, Poseidon came first here, hit the land on the Acropolis with his trident - and the source of sea water appeared. As follows, Athena came here here, hit the ground with a spear - and an olive tree appeared. By the decision of the judges, the winner was recognized as Athena, since her gift was more necessary and helpful. Poseidon was very angry and wanted to flood the whole earth, but Zeus did not allow him to do so.
Myth about Flute
As we said, Athena attribute the creation of many things, including flutes. According to myth, one day the goddess found a deer bone and created flute out of her. The sounds that have published such a tool delivered athens with nothing comparable. She decided to boast her invention and skill on the meal of gods. However, Gera and Aphrodite began to laugh out frankly. It turned out that during the game at the tool at the Athena, the cheeks are strongly inflated and the lips are shuffled, which does not add to her attractiveness. Not wanting to look ugly, she abandoned the flute and cursed in advance who will play on it. The tool was destined to find a Marcia that could not avoid the terrible punishment from Apollo.
What caused the myth about the goddess and arachne?
We have already mentioned that the goddes were not equal to the art of weave. However, attempts to surpass it were taken, which did not entail anything good. About such a story and tells one of myths.
When it comes to any female work and crafts, the goddess was called Ergana or Athena-worker. One of the main crafts in Athenian was weaving, however, manufactured materials from Asian countries were performed more subtle and elegantly. Such rivalry and gave rise to the myth of the hostility between Arachna and Athena.
Brutal rivalry
Arachna was not noble origin, her father worked by an ordinary dyeer, but the girl had talent to weave incredibly thin and very beautiful materials. She also knew how to quickly and smoothly, loved to decorate her works with skilled embroidery. Praise and pleasant speeches of her work sounded from all sides. Arachna began to be proud of it, that she had to come to the head to compete with the goddess. She stated that she could easily defeat her in this craft.
Athena was very angry and decided to put the launcher at the place, but I first wanted to solve it peacefully that it was very inherent. She took the appearance of the old woman and went to Arahan. There she began to prove the girl that for a simple death very dangerous to plant such games with the goddess. To which proud weaves answered that even if the Athena itself appears in front of her, she will be able to prove her championship in the craft.
Athena was not from a timid, therefore took the challenge. Both girls began to work. The goddess on his drew the story about his difficult relationship with Poseidon, and Arachna portrayed all sorts of transformation of gods and love adhesions. The work of a simple mortal was done so high-quality and skillfully, that Athena though tried, but did not find any flaw in it.
After accepted and forgetting about his debt to be fair, Athena hit the girl a shuttle on his head. Proud Arachna could not survive such humiliation and hanged. And the goddess turned her into a spider, which is destined to deal with weaving throughout life.
Myths about the help of Athena to all the gods
She helped many not only by the Council, but the commission of exploits. For example, Perseus was raised in her temple. And it was Athena who taught him to own the sword, for which he brought her a Gorgon's head as a gift. As we know, she placed her on his shield. The tide of the goddess helped to compete with the fivans - reflected the arrows from him, covered off the shield. Diiseda goddess inspired fights with Aphrodite, Pandar. Achillu, she helped destroy Lirness, frighten the Trojans by creating a fire. And when Achille fought with Hector, she saved the first to hit the spear.
Images of Athens in art
Back in the 5th century before our era, the sculptor FIDI created a huge statue of Athena, which was not preserved to the present day, although there were repeated attempts to restore it. It was a big statue of the goddess, making a spear. Installed it on the Acropolis. Thanks to the large sparkling sword, the statue was noticeably from afar. A little later, the same master was made by the bronze figure of Athena, preserved in marble copies.
And the painter Famul created a cloth called "Athena" when he painted Nero Palace. The most interesting thing is that with whatever parties people look at the picture, the goddess draws his gaze to him. And in the sanctuary of Artemis was the work of Cleanf called "The Birth of Athens".
If we talk about modernity, then in 2010 the series "Athena: Goddess of War" came out. Dorama from the Korean director talks about a terrorist group that threatens the whole world.
We hope you have learned more about Bravo and always ready to come to help the goddess. Learn myths, it is always fascinating, informative and interesting!