Norms and regulations of snips and gost in the construction of a private house. Norms and regulations of snips and gost in the construction of a private house Current building codes and regulations

SNiP - stands for: “ Building regulations", which includes regulatory documents in the field of construction, adopted by the executive authorities.

Typically, building codes are in 4 parts:

• general provisions;
• design standards;
• rules of production and acceptance of works;
• estimated norms and rules.

GOST - a regional standard adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

In this section, we have collected the current SNiPs and GOSTs for the design and construction industry, which we are guided by, which you can also download for review or print.

GOST R 51872-2002 "EXECUTIVE GEODETIC DOCUMENTATION. RULES FOR IMPLEMENTATION "was developed by the Central Scientific Research and Design and Experimental Institute for Organization, Mechanization and Technical Assistance to Construction (FV Andreeva) with the participation of ...

SP 42.13330.2011 “URBAN PLANNING. PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL SETTLEMENTS ". Developed by the team of authors: theme leader - P.N. Davidenko, Cand. architect., corresponding member RAASN; L. Ya. Herzberg, Dr. sciences, corr. RAASN; B.V. Cherepanov, ...

SNiP 11-02-96 “Engineering surveys for construction. Basic provisions ". SP (Code of Rules) dated October 29, 1996 No. 47.13330.2010 SNiP dated October 29, 1996 No. 11-02-96. Information about the set of rules DEVELOPED by the Production and Research ...

CODE OF RULES "ENGINEERING AND GEODETIC SURVEYS FOR CONSTRUCTION". Date of introduction 1998-01-01. DEVELOPED by the Industrial and Scientific Research Institute for Engineering Surveys in Construction (PNIIIS) of the Gosstroy of Russia, GO "Rosstroyiziskaniya", ...

SP 47.13330.2012 “Engineering surveys for construction. Basic provisions. " CODE OF RULES ENGINEERING SURVEY FOR CONSTRUCTION. MAIN PROVISIONS Date of introduction 2013-07-01 DEVELOPED BY NOIZ (L.G. Kushnir, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences B.S. Sokolov, ...

The construction of a private house, as well as its design, carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory normative and technical documentation, is the largest resource for saving costs!

Because, firstly, by observing the standards and technical regulations, you reduce to a minimum the possibility of making construction mistakes, the correction of which always amounts to many thousands of rubles. Secondly, a lot of defects committed during the construction of a house can only be detected during its operation. Alterations of building structures during residence, deliver the greatest inconvenience and force you to bear impressive unplanned costs. For example: a damp wall, a leaking roof, overheating electrical wiring, an ice floor, etc.

If you want to achieve a swing of savings, then you need to competently monitor the progress of construction work. To do this, you need to know the key control points and quality assessment criteria. In this section, a short selection of the main regulatory documents necessary for the design and construction of a private house is made.

1. Design, preparation for building a house

1.1. Architectural, general construction standards.

First, you should familiarize yourself with the Code of Design Rules for SP 11-III-99. After reading this document, you will definitely know what papers are required to start construction on your individual site. During the construction of a residential building and various outbuildings, there are norms for their location on the site, according to the following documents:
- "Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation" dated December 29, 2004 N 190-FZ;
- "Planning and development of gardening associations of citizens, buildings and structures" SNiP 30-02-97;
- "Residential buildings" SNiP 2.08.01-89 * and SP II 106-97;
- "Single-family residential houses" SNiP 31-02-2001;
- “Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements "SNiP 2.07.01-89;

This is the approximate layout of buildings on the site according to RSN 70-88.

Having carefully studied RSN 70-88 (republican building codes), SNiP 31-02-2001 and SNiP 2.08.01-89 (Building Norms and Rules), you will find out what are the restrictions on the areas and heights of the premises of a residential building.

There are minimum restrictions on the height of the floors (SNiP 2.08.01-89). A house may be deemed unfit for permanent residence if the height of the residential floors is lower than 2.5 m from floor to ceiling. In the attic floor, the height norm is from 2.3 m. The number of storeys of a house is usually determined by the above-ground floors, which includes the attic floor. It is not allowed to place living rooms in the basement or basement floor. The basement floor can be equated to the above-ground floors if the top of its floor is at least 2 meters above the ground level. If it is decided to place utility rooms in the basement or basement, then the height from floor to ceiling should be at least 2 meters.

The area of \u200b\u200ba residential building is defined as the sum of the areas of all premises of the floors. Balconies and loggias are also included in the total area. The areas of staircases at the level of a given floor are considered.

If you plan to build a house on the territory of a gardening partnership, then you must take into account the requirements of SNiP 30-02-97 "Planning and development of gardening associations of citizens, buildings and structures" in the 2011 edition.

1.2. Concrete structures.

1.3. Heat engineering standards. Resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures.

1.4. Engineering Communication.

Electric wires from the street pole to the entrance to the residential building must run at a height of at least 2.75 m from the ground. If the diversion is carried out on the other side of the street along which the vehicles are moving, then the permitted height is 6m. The length of the branch from the main line to the residential building should not exceed 25 m, if more is obtained, an additional support is installed. All points of contact of the cable with the surface of the building, and passing through the walls, must be fireproof and reliably insulated, and at the points of entry, the outer end of the insulating pipe must point downward to avoid atmospheric precipitation.

If the rules for the installation of sewer networks are violated, the developer is threatened with their regular clogging. It is doomed to frequent cleaning of pipes clogged with drains. According to the standards, the daily sewage costs per person are about 200 liters. The smallest diameter of the external sewer pipe should be 100 mm, with a slope to the general collector of at least 8%. The smallest pipe burial depth is 0.3 meters. If there is no centralized street sewage system, then it is allowed to build filter wells and trenches with the obligatory installation of a septic tank in front of them (industrial purification device). The base of the artificial filters should be 1 meter above the water table.

With the appropriate knowledge and experience, it is allowed to independently install engineering networks, with the exception of gas communications. There are very stringent requirements for the acceptance of a gas supply system. Only a specialized organization has the right to install the gas pipeline and connect gas appliances.

Gas pipes can be introduced into a residential building only from the side of the furnace or kitchen. If the house is old and has a heating stove, then it is allowed to enter communications into the living room, provided that a disconnecting device is placed outside the building. Under no circumstances should the gas pipe be introduced into the house through or under the foundation. If the pipe is laid along the outer wall of the house, then its nominal diameter should not exceed 50 mm. It is not allowed to arrange detachable pipeline connections under window openings and balconies. In general, all connections must be welded, threaded connections - only in the places of installation of valves and gas appliances. If, according to the project, the gas pipe passes over footpaths, then it should be fixed at a height of at least 2.2 meters from the ground.

It is impossible to install more than two heating devices in one room. It is strictly forbidden to install a water heater in the bathroom, otherwise you may end up with an excellent gas chamber.

The room for the gas boiler and water heater must be at least 2 meters high. When installing one device, the room has a volume of at least 7.5 cubic meters, and with two devices - at least 13.5 cubic meters.

2. Building a house.

2.1. Foundations and concrete structures

2.1.10. The rest of the necessary information for the construction of the foundation can be found in: SNiP 2.02.01-83; SNiP 31-02; SNiP 2.02.03-85; SNiP 2.02.04-88; SNiP 2.02.01.

2.2. The walls of the house.

2.2.18. GOST 24454-80 - Softwood lumber, GOST 9685-61 - Softwood blanks.

Before proceeding with the construction of a future house, you need to try to fully study the requirements of SNiPs and GOSTs, which regulate the process of erecting structures for individual housing construction. Of course, you will hardly be able to thoroughly study them all, for this you need to be a specialist, but this is not necessary. It is enough to get a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe basic laws governing the entire process of building a house.

Who monitors compliance with the standards for the construction of private houses

Compliance with general construction and special norms and regulations governing the construction of individual households is controlled by various local permitting authorities. The main document that determines the sequence of development and approval of the entire package of construction and design documentation in individual housing construction is the Republican Building Norms RSN 70-88.

It is RSN 70-88 that prescribes the rules for building an individual housing construction site, the layout of your house, the location of utility and technical structures such as a bathhouse, a barn, a cellar, etc.

The planning of the planned house and the entire courtyard must be thought out as carefully as possible already at this stage, since after the approval of the construction plan, any changes in it will be considered a violation of the law and must be corrected, and illegal buildings - demolition or additional legalization.

What documents are needed to build a private house

Based on the "Code of rules for the design and construction of SP 11-III-99", it is possible to clearly determine what documents need to be prepared to start the construction design process.

Quite often, the impatient owners of individual housing construction sites do not wait for the issuance of the entire package of permits in their hands and start construction. Such haste in most cases leads to an additional "headache" for the impatient developer.

The first step towards the beginning of the cherished construction of a house will be to write an application for a building permit, supported by:

• By the decree of the head of the local administration on providing you with a land plot of individual housing construction or documents confirming the ownership of the plot in case of its acquisition,
• master plan of the site,
• plot passport,
• an act on the natural establishment of its boundaries and the breakdown of buildings, red lines and building axes.

On the basis of the package of documents you have provided, you will be issued a Decree on a building permit and a "Passport for the project of a private residential house" is drawn up, which will include:

• the decision of the administration on the issuance of a building permit;
• a document confirming the developer's right to use (own) a land plot;
• a copy of the relevant urban planning documentation from the master plan;
  situational plan of the IZhS site;
• technical conditions (TU) for connection to utilities with a diagram;
  floor plans of buildings, facade sections;
• an act concerning the full-scale establishment of the boundaries of a land plot and a breakdown of buildings (with a layout scheme).

What documents are included in the "Project of an individual private house"

The package of permits "Project of an individual private house" includes:

• a situational plan on a scale of 1: 500, representing the placement of all construction objects in conjunction with the nearest settlements, infrastructure and communications: electric networks, heat and water supply networks, sewerage networks;
• printout of topographic photographs of the IZhS section with the adjacent part of the street (M 1: 500);
• master plan of the site with a vertical layout and linking the construction project to the area (M 1: 200, 1: 1000);
• basement plan of the house being built (technical underground and basement);
• floor plans of the house (M 1: 100, 1:50);
• the main and side facades of the structure (Scale 1:50, 1: 100);
• characteristic cuts (M 1: 100, 1:50);
• floor plans and coverings of non-repeating floors (Scale 1: 100);
• roof rafter system plan (M 1: 100);
• roof plan (M 1: 100, 1: 200);
• foundation plan (M 1: 100, 1:50);
• section of foundations, typical architectural and construction units and details (М 1:10, 1:20);
• general explanatory note and technical and economic indicators;
• estimate and financial calculations of the cost of construction;
• engineering drawings (according to the design assignment).

How far should the house be from other structures

Requirements for the location of buildings on the site in the legal framework are inextricably linked with the concept of "Red Line". The red line is a conventional line passing along the border of the site and the carriageway of the street, as well as the borders of neighboring sites.

According to fire regulations, the distance between residential buildings located in adjacent areas must be at least 6 (brick structures) or 15 (wooden structures) meters.

Fences installed around the site must be indicated in the project, their location should not go beyond the red line established by the plan.

If you plan to breed pets or poultry on your site, it will be useful to inquire about the requirements for the construction and location of facilities for keeping livestock and poultry. For example, the height of a poultry house and barnyard cannot be less than 2.4 meters from the floor (or the ground if the floor is earthen) to the ceiling.

In the same way, there are rules for the location of garden trees and shrubs on the site. The minimum distance from trees to buildings is 5 meters, and to the borders of the neighboring plot is 3 meters. In addition, trees cannot be closer than 4 meters to the supporting supports of electrical networks and closer than 1.5 meters to the laid underground utilities. For shrubs, the maximum permissible planting distances are 1.5 meters from buildings and 1 meter to the boundaries of the site.

Requirements for the height and area of \u200b\u200ban individual residential building under construction

Restrictions on the area of \u200b\u200bthe house being built relate, first of all, to the minimum areas of its living rooms. SNiP 2.08.01-89, RSN 70-88 are responsible for determining these norms.

You will not receive a building permit if you indicate the estimated area of \u200b\u200bthe living room is less than 12 m 2. For a bedroom, this limit is 8m 2, for a kitchen - 6m 2, a toilet - 0.96m 2. Exceptions for the minimum area of \u200b\u200brooms are requirements for attic rooms, here the minimum bedroom area is 7m 2.

The legislation does not provide for the maximum size of premises.

On the basis of SNiP 2.08.01-89, the minimum values \u200b\u200bfor the height of rooms in the house are clearly defined - 2.5 meters, except for attic rooms (2.3 m.). In addition, there are still many requirements for the dimensions of the functional structural elements of a house under construction, for example, the width of staircases and corridors of a house cannot be less than 0.9 meters.

How many floors of the house are you allowed to build

With an individual private house, it is allowed to build no more than 3 above-ground floors. The basement floor is not intended to accommodate living rooms if the height of its upper floor is less than 2 m above ground level. If its height is more than 2 meters above ground level, then such a basement is equated to above-ground floors.

Attention: do not confuse the height of the upper slab above the ground level and the height of the basement itself!

If the basement floor ends at a height below 2 m above ground level, but its height exceeds 2 meters, it can be used for economic and technical purposes. In the case of using a basement floor for a garage, its floors and walls must be made of fireproof materials.

Often, the developer himself cannot accurately calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe house being built, then it is determined using SNiP 2.08.01-89.

When calculating the total area of \u200b\u200bthe house, errors are possible. It is worth remembering that an overestimated building area will result in additional costs in the future - in an overstatement of real estate tax, excessive utility bills.

It is worth remembering that when determining the total area of \u200b\u200bthe house, the areas of balconies, loggias and stairwells are also summed up. But the area of \u200b\u200bunheated utility rooms, underground and attic is not taken into account.

"SNiP 2.04.12-86 Calculation of the strength of steel pipelines"