What to feed trees and shrubs in the spring. Feeding fruit trees and shrubs in spring

For growth and nutrition, our garden ward after wintering is needed an element of nitrogen, which, if in the soil, for autumn, the winter washed out of it with rains in deeper layers, worn with drinkers. Therefore, in the spring there is a need to feed the trees in the garden, and what and how - let's decompose the process on the "shelves".

Methods for making fertilizers

Nitrogen additives can be delivered by appointment in various ways.

• Spraying - Extreme Spring Support
• Root feeding; It is carried out in the soil of helpful elements in a liquid or solid state.

Regarding the age of a tree - we need to know how and where to make food to reach the goal. If the seedling is small. It is necessary to fertilize the entire rolling circle.

In an adult tree, suction roots are approximately in the area of \u200b\u200bthe projection of the crown on the ground and further this border, there and need to make feeding.

The liquid form of introduction is more preferable. as B. more than It ensures that the food quickly learns. It is spilled by pre-watered ground. To avoid burn with a solution of fertilizer.

Dry minerals are buried in the ground. It is then watering. Simply
scattering granules on the surface does not make sense - nitrogen from them will evaporate, not
Having reached the goal.

Overdose with nitrogen is more undesirable. What is his lack. Because of her fruit can go to the damage to fruiting, poorly prepared for the winter.

Undercumation of trees is carried out not every spring, it depends on the nature of the soil (on clay fed less frequently), autumn fertilizer making, as a tree felt in the previous season, from the number of last year's crop, whether it has lost a lot of power during this time.

When, how and what to bite

The first feeding of the fruit is held at the beginning of the middle of April, when the kidneys are only
Start swell, and the snow went. Scattering granules in the snow there is no point
Nitrogen roots will not receive. However, when using such a method, there is a risk that, with return freezers, the plants are filled with nitrogen, they will be worse.

Many gardeners advise such an operation during the breakdown of leaves or the beginning of flowering.

What fertilizers it is better to use? It can be organic - compost,
manure. Humidiation or mineral additives: urea, ammonia nitrate, sulfate
Ammonium.

On the perimeter of the crown, the groove is made in a depth of half-pin shovels, the above compositions are made there. For mineral standards, additives are indicated on the packages.

In the present time, the Earth under fruit often do not prohibit. but
Sit down lawn herbs Or just scout. How to fertilize in such
case?

On my site around the edge priority Circle Incoves trimming old
water pipes are approximately 25 cm long (than them are more, the better). They rise slightly above the level of soil. Nutritional solutions are poured there.

The rolling circle of old Antonovka is closed by black spunbond, pipes are lined under it along the line of projection of the ends of the branches. There are also perfectly feeling the teothelubile hosts.

If you do a solution, then 10 liters will need 1 spoon of urea, or 3 tbsp.
Complex fertilizer. or azophoski, nitroposki. To be present more potassium, add half a glass of ash, and if we take urea, then a whole glass.

The presence of potassium will make the fruits more sugar. Instead of ash, you can put a spoon
Potassium sulfate.

Organic substances are flattened by 20-30 kg. adult tree.
By the way, if on the perimeter of the crown to add compost once in 2-3 years, other "treats"
No need.

It is very useful to sweat the dung alive: dilute and insist last year's cow or horse manure two weeks in a barrel with a closed lid (1: 5 ratio), interfere with periodically. Before use, dilute 1: 2. The rate for an adult tree is 5 vest.

It is good to feed with liquid fertilizers, for example, a nascot "compote."
To prepare it, I take a bucket of overwhelmed manure, two buckets of the grass
Poultte jar of old jam, a glass of wood ash. I put everything into the ardor barrel, pour water, I close the lid. It wanders about two weeks, so it is necessary to take care of it in advance. Then I take a liter of "Compotika", launches in a bucket with water and fertilize. An adult tree should be from 5 to 10 Vectors. In addition to nitrogen, such a composition will provide potassium and microelements.

Extreme treatment has two goals:

• Maxim as quickly as possible
• Protect from pests and diseases (in detail in the next article).

Through the leaves nutrition digested much faster, so the feed is fruit, especially when in early spring root system Cannot provide power dissolving kidneys and leaves, and when flowering, formation of uncess.

These can be a handy special mixture with trace elements in its composition,
Integrated, for example, Kemira-suite, boric acid, manganese. Very suitable
Preparations "Uniflor-growth" and "Uniflor-bud", where trace elements are contained in
easily disabled form.

It must be remembered that for such treatment it is necessary to take smaller concentrations of solutions (5-10 times) than with root, all work is carried out with dry weather after sunset.

Spraying is not an alternative to root nutrition, but can strongly help fruits in hard time, support their immunity.

Spring feeding for shrubs is carried out similarly to the above-described methods for fruit trees, only the dosage is changing.

See, please, very useful video for helpful events in spring:

Most trees grow many years in one place, gradually pulling useful substances from the soil. Over time, they are lacking missing, the plants are silent, they are stuck, they give scarce yields. Undercalinking fruit trees in the fall is designed to solve this problem.

Why do you need autumn feeding of trees

A rich crop depletes the reserves of substances needed by fruit trees for further growth and development. The missing trace elements are replenished by feeding during the preparation of plants by winter, when the sludge is suspended. Fertilizers help trees move the harsh season and prepare for the next period of growth.

After the middle of the summer, nitrogen connections in the ground are not made

To strengthen the immunity of trees, they provide nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. True, in front of the wintering nitrogen is dangerous: the trees will "think" that spring came, many young shoots will appear, until the onset of cold weather, they will not have time to be covered with wood and die.

It is especially important to give a nutrient mixture with such trees as:

• apricot;
• cherry;
• pear;
• peach;
• plum;
• cherries;
• apple tree.

Experienced gardeners feed the plum, cherry and apricot trees with superphosphate and potassium monophosphate: 15 g feeding on a 10-liter water bucket - this is enough to fertilizer for 1 square meter. m soil. With a dry method of climbing in the ground, 30 g of granules per 1 square meter will be needed. m.

There are specialized fertilizers for fruit trees, for berry crops, for the whole garden marked "Autumn"

In severe clay soil Sawdust contributes (preferably overworked, but it is possible and fresh). So the soil becomes more easy, breathable.

Some beginner gardeners are buried under the trees fallen foliage. However, they do not know that insect pests, larvae, microorganisms fall into the soil.

Near the roots, it is better to dig overwhelmed healthy zucchini - it turns out a small compost pit.

How to feed garden crops depending on their age

Many gardeners successfully replace ash potash-phosphoric Mineral Tuki

3-4 weeks before the coming frosts around fruit trees Make small ditches. Per quarter. m area spread of roots make:

• potash salt (1.5 matches);
• superphosphate (1/4 of Art.);
• humus (5 kg).

Saplings in autumn is particularly useful to feed wood ash. Under fruit trees, 3,5 buckets are made by the volume of 10 liters, under older - 6 such vests with a slide. Fertilizer climb on the depth during the Pacoop of the Earth.

During autumn transplant The ground makes fertilizers other than spring. Since nitrogen use undesirable, it is better to concentrate on other nutrients. So, fresh manure fallster away to the bottom of the pit and separated from the roots of the seedling of the earth. But overwhelming is preferable. Used 5 vest on the pit. Manure is mixed with a substrate from peat or old compost, sand, source soil.

The rate of double superphosphate on 1 landing pit - 100-200 g; Potassium sulfate - 150-300 g. Once every 3-4 years, it is possible to use phosphate flour - autumn feeding for a long action.

5 most popular feeding of fruit trees in autumn

Organic feeders contribute to an increase in yield, improve the composition of the soil. Mineral Support the root system. It is best to combine those and others: thus the soil will be saturated with all important trace elements necessary for wintering. Special mixes for autumn feeding are sold in stores.

Wood ash

In the fall, it is important to improve the structure of the Earth in the garden plot. We are acidified with wood ashlas: 1/4 kg per 1 square meter. m. In the fake, there is no nitrogen, but there are easy potassium, phosphorus and calcium. In the ash there is a bit of boron, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese. These substances improve the immunity of plantations.

The ash is considered natural source phosphorus and potassium, the concentration of which ranges from the source burned material

In front of the September feeding, a generous soil watering is required. Water requires a lot: from 200 l to 250 l for each tree. The volume of fluid depends on the age of the plant and the scope of its crown. For better absorption moisture, the land is looked around the trunk. The ash fertilizer (200 g per 1 sq. M) is poured and mulched to reduce evaporation and root heating.

Get ash by burning foliage, branches, unnecessary bark and stored in moisture protected from moisture. The percentage of nutrients in organic feeding depends on raw materials:

• Ash remaining after burning vine grapes, potato tops and sunflowers, rich in potassium (40%).
• In birch, ash, oak ash about 30% calcium.
• In the fertilizer obtained from coniferous trees and shrubs, a lot of phosphorus.

Modern gardeners B. lately Increasingly replace the manure with sedrates (green fertilizers). Nutritional value they have the same, and it is much cheaper. Yes, and use them easier.

The vegetable residues contain a full range of nutrients: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus

Plants grown as autumn fertilizer are cut off from the bed and laid under the fruit trees with a layer of 15-20 cm. Pumping with soil and pour out. For faster overloading, the straw is mounted.

Conveniently when green fertilizers grow directly under the trees. Then, for the winter, sitting plants are not cut off - they will die from frost, and by the spring partially decompressed by so-in-sighted microorganisms.

Thanks to the siders and other organic feeding, the thickness of the fertile layer increases.Fertilizers fall into the ground, where the food of soil bacteria and raindrops are becoming. With rainwater, the remains of nutrients reach the lower layers. There - after meals - microorganisms penetrate and leave there products of their livelihoods.

Sulfate potassium

Potassium sulfate (sulfate potassium) - fade in the form of granules, which includes not only potassium (50%), but also sulfur (18%), oxygen, magnesium, calcium.

Potassium is necessary for the growth and development of garden plantations, for good fruiting. This trace element improves the immune protection and metabolism of plants on cellular level, removes excess moisture, and the juice becomes thicker. During the autumn planting seedlings, 150-200 g of potassium sulphate is required for one planting yam.

Premium moisture procedure watering will retain the root system of the tree in the laid frost, will eliminate the possibility of occurrence sun burns branches and bark

It is best to make fertilizer during a soil explosion around the trunk: 30 g per 1 sq. M. m. Close the granules preferably on that depth where most of root system. Through her trees better absorb useful substances. The heavier soil, the greater the depth.

Superphosphate

Superphosphate - mineral feeding. It is usually brought together with potash fertilizers. This tandem is more effective than when elements are applied separately. Phosphorus supports and strengthens the root system, helps cell juice to accumulate proteins and sugars. Thanks to this, trees are easier to experience cold.

Applends and pears require 300 g of superphosphate and 200 potassium sulfate. Sometimes they are sealed together with humus. But do not forget that phosphorus granules scattered on the ground will not fall to the roots. Plums and cherries are generously watered with a solution: 3 tbsp. l. Superphosphate and 2 tbsp. l. Potassium sulfate on 10 liters of water. On each tree leaves 4-5 vest.

inkstone

For extractive feeding with a shortage in the soil of iron, iron vigor is used. In addition, he destroys the spores fungus, moss and lichen on the crust. When working with a poisonous substance, we should wear protective clothing and glasses.

In addition to making fertilizers, it is also important in the fall to treat the garden from pests

The lack of iron is calculated by the chlorosity of young leaves (the disease in which the leaves become pale yellow), while the old color does not change. In order to fill the lack of this element, 50 g of iron sulphate is breed in 10 liters.

Video: Autumn Care for Fruit Trees

Undercine of fruit trees before the onset of cold weather is extremely important. Soil saturation with useful substances helps garden crops survive the winter. Each gardener chooses those fertilizers, with what it is more convenient for it.

Gardeners know: to get abundant harvest In the fall, it is necessary to properly feed shrubs and trees in the spring. Trees, shrubs and plants are constantly obtained from the soil nutrients needed for growth and development. But with the time of the soil under them it becomes even poorer. This leads to a decrease in yield.

Even if you have already conducted soil feeding in autumn periodThis does not mean at all that it is no longer necessary to do this in the spring. The fact is that snow is washing out important substances from it, especially nitrogen. In addition, spring trees and shrubs are actively growing, so it is important for them to get this additional help.

What to feed trees and bushes in the spring?

1. Manure or littering birds - helps enrich the soil with all the necessary substances, as well as improve the permeability of moisture and air.
2. Compost - vegetable debris, which began to hide. With it, you can improve the digestibility of important minerals, but should be followed so that the compost is as follows.
3. Dung alive - to get mix in large tank Water and manure in a 3: 1 ratio. Leave to wander. Before shooting the soil, add a bucket of water to 1 liter of water.

Mineral fertilizers Considered:

There are also a number of microfertres, which includes a set of most important substances for plants - zinc, boron, manganese, iron, copper, sulfur.

Undercalinking trees and shrubs: when to spend?

In the spring it is necessary, first of all, carry out fertilizer nitrogen-containing means. Many gardeners believe that it is better to do at a time when it starts to go. Preparations are recommended to pour out circles (at least 50 cm in diameter, but better through the entire crown width) under the trunks of trees and shrubs right on the snow.

Talay water will quickly leak into the soil, dissolving nitrogen and nutritional plants. This method is undesirable until the layer of snow is still too thick or under it is frozen land. If the mixture is long time stay in air, then most of the nitrogen will destroy.

Many dackets adhere to the opinions that it is necessary to fertilize the soil in the spring after the plant has already completely woke up after the hibernation and the first kidneys appear on the branches. Whenever you decide to make fertilizers, it is worth remembering proper dosage. If you pour too many nitrogen, it will lead to the development of fungal diseases.

The second time feeding the fruit garden should be carried out in April, when most trees and shrubs blooms. So that they rose normally and develop it is recommended to add to the soil phosphorus and potassium. But at the same time, these components are better not to make. First add a bit of phosphorus, and after some time, potassium.

The third feeding is carried out after the plants stopped blossoming. At this time it is better to use organic fertilizers. They should be put in specially prepared deepening, pull and mix with the ground. If the soil is fertile in your garden, no need to fertilize the organic matter more than once a year.

Main types of fertilizers perennial plants

So that your garden is fully secured by all the necessary minerals and nutrients. feeder is recommended in two ways:

1. Feeding roots - watering is carried out under the barrel, so that the substances fall into the soil.
2. Extra corner - spray branches.

Both first and second method are effective. If timely and properly spending fillings and spraying, trees and bushes will be plentifully blooming, grow faster and better fruit.

Extra-corner feeding of fruit trees in spring: features

In the spring time, not only root fertilizer can be used to improve their garden growth. Excellent results also gives extractive feeding. Take a small amount of the remaining mixture for bait and prepare a weak solution from it. They need to thoroughly spray the entire crown of wood or shrub.

Leaves perfectly absorb all substancesTherefore, the tree or bush is rapidly obtained by minerals. This method of gardeners is called emergency. It is used if it is necessary to stimulate the growth of shoots or in the case when the trunk or root system was damaged. For this, the method is perfectly suitable for both organic agents and minerals. Microfertres also give a pretty good result.

If you want in the fruit to be enough calcium, it is necessary to spray in the spring fruit trees 4 percent bordeaux mixture. She will also become excellent protection for wood from insect attacks and some diseases. It should only remember: so that there are no burns of the bark and leaves, the solutions must be very weak.

To spray the crown of apple trees or pears, a solution of a sulfate of zinc or manganese with water is suitable (ratio of 0.2 g of substance per 1 liter of fluid). If you use two elements at once, then their dosage needs to be reduced twice. The crown of Alychi, cherries, apricots and plums are better sprayed with urea early spring (it must be breeding in water in the ratio of 10 liter of water 50 g of urea). It is necessary to spray several times with an interval of 7 days. If you want to get more effective result, Try to alternate the extraxorno and root fertilizer method.

Undercalinking trees in the spring: What is the norm?

It is very important to correctly set the norm for one tree. If the feeding will not be enough, then you will not get the result, and if too much - you can burn a tree. Therefore, it is very important to remember the dosage of drugs.

What to take into account when calculating the dosage for one tree?

1. How often and how abundantly you water the plants. If there is a sufficient amount of moisture, the dosage of feeding may be higher.
2. When you pruning. Immediately after trimming, it should be slightly increasing the proportion of fertilizer so that the plant is restored faster.
3. What fertilizer is the composition.

Urea as a way to fertilize shrubs and trees

Urea is a mineral fertilizer, beautiful source of nitrogenwhich stimulates the growth of plants. Therefore, this method is used most often in the spring when plants depart from winter. For feeding, you can use a finished solution or scatter granules under trunks or plants. The urea is actively used to spray strawberries, some fruit trees (cherry, apples, plums), raspberry, black currant.

Spring feeding of young trees

Under too young seedlings, any kind of fertilizer is not recommended. It is best to start feeding from the second year of the life of the plant. Young trees in spring time need organic and mineral Means.

During the first loosening of the soil after the conjunction of the snow, it is necessary to make fertilizer with nitrogen-containing mixtures. Manure and urea should be diluted in water (300 g of urea or 4 liters of liquid manure per 10 liters of liquid). Remember that under one young tree You will have to spend at least 5 liters of the obtained fund. If you use humus, remember that a tree that grows no more than 5 years should be in spring about 20 kg of this fertilizer. Liquid feeding can only be administered into a wet soil so as not to damage the root system.

Remember that the first few years you will not notice a big effect from feeding. This is normal. You will see results only when the tree starts fruit.

How to fertilize fruit trees in spring?

Apple C. spring period most need mineral and organic feeding. If your apple tree is more than 5 years old, but there are no 10, for its growth it is necessary to annually contribute at least 30 kg. The trees after 10 years need to up to 50 kg by humus.

Supporting pear looks like an apple-eye, but a little different from it. Pear needs B. larger quantities Horing. It must be mixed in the spring during the people of the soil. While the tree is not four years old, you can use up to 20 kg humus. But every year this figure should be increased by 10 kg.

Cherry and cherry aged 4-5 years old must be added to the humus every spring, scattering it around the pillar (the diameter is not less than 0.5 m and a layer of up to 4 cm). Trees from five years old need a slower every three years.

Under the six-year-old Alych or plum should add up to 10 kg by humus. If the tree is for more than six years, the amount of fertilizer is increased to 20 kg.

Apricot for spring feeds more than once. First use nitrogen-containing agents, then the organic.

How to fertilize shrubs in spring?

As soon as the snow bushes need to be filled with nitrogen-containing agents (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate). A little later you can feed the shrubs with potash or phosphate mixtures.

Most of all in the feed potassium drugs The gooseberry needs. He also needs an extraordinary feeder with sulfur manganese, sulfate potassium, boric acid.

In the spring period, raspberries should fertilize with liquid mixtures of minerals. Organic Malina must be fed every three years.

Currant need to feed several times. First, before the bloom itself, using nitrogen and organic drugs. Then the fertilizer needs to be repeated in a few weeks. When the berries begin to be tized, you can use ready-made mixtures for shrubs. Thanks to this you can improve taste qualities fruit.

Undercalinking fruit garden in the spring: useful tips

Every gardener should know some features spring feeding Garden:

1. Chemicals are transferred from the soil in roots with a liquid, so if you use dry fertilizer, it is necessary to hide the plant abundantly.
2. Even liquid feeding is not recommended to the dry ground, since the root system may be damaged.
3. In the first year of life, garden crops do not need to feed.
4. Fertilizer is more efficient if spending it in the evening.
5. During feeding, consider that an adult tree has a root system can be separated from the crown border by 50 cm.

Fertilizer and irrigation of trees, shrubs and plants. For growing high and large fruit yields Fruit trees need to fertilize annually. Fertilizers contribute to ring rings. They are digging on the periphery of the crown, closer to the barrel by 25-40 cm. Making fertilizers combined with irrigation.

Basic fertilizer Finish in autumn, usually in the second half of October. The ditch is digging to a depth of 25-35 cm. At its bottom (depending on the length), 0.9 - 1 kg. Full mineral fertilizers, on top of placing 15-30 kg. Manure or humus (under peach 30-40 kg. manure), and from above - leaves, tops of vegetable plants, which fall asleep with a layer of Earth 8 - 10 cm. Saving the recess of the groove.

Fall - best time To use fertilizers: feces, chicken litter and composts. Fekalyy contributes 2-3 kg., Litter - 8-10 kg., Compost - 20-30 kg. on a tree.

Fertilizers of trees by humus.

How to fertilize the trees with humus?

Apple trees, Vaccinated on dwarf and semi-caric flows, with dense landing require more nutrients than grafts in seedlings. This is due to the nature of the root system - the slurry-haired briefings, it is urine and runs shallow, whereas the rapid roots are branched and go deep into the root. Therefore, trees on dwarf and semi-caric flows must be treated with irrigation.

Great influence on the yield of fruit trees
purge fertilizers, which not only provide the needs of plants in nutrients, including in trace elements, but also contribute to improving physical properties Soil. With long-term making only some mineral fertilizers, the acidity and density of the soil can increase, the composition of the root microflora is worse.

Once every two or three years, you can use manure as the organications (two or three kilograms per square meter) - best in the fall under plowing or resistance. It can be replaced with a compost prepared from different vegetable waste. As organic fertilizers Can be used and bird litter: 200-400 g per square. m.

It is better to make it one or two of the tree in the ring grooves, depending on its age, a depth of 20-25 cm and at a distance from a 30-40-cm strain. On the bottom of the grooves, phosphoric fertilizers fall asleep, then - potash, speaking each of them Soil 3-4 cm.

These fertilizers are brought in autumn. Nitrogen fertilizers are given in spring under water. The number and those and others directly depends on the age of trees. For example, under the twentieth of two years, it was possible to deposit 10-15 kg of manure or compost, 80 g of granulated superphosphate and 30 g of potassium sali, and in the spring - 36 g of amcelitera or 26 g of urea.

Tree 3-4 years old 15-20 kg of manure or compost, 60 g of amcelitera, 128 g of granulated super-1 phosphate and 50 g of potassium salt are already required. Under the tree 5-6 years, the diameter of the priority circle, which is three meters, it is recommended to be made in autumn 20-30 kg of manure or compost, 179 g of granulated superphosphate, 70 g of potassium salt, and in the spring - 84 g of amcelitera or 60 g of urea.

Tree 7 years old 30-40 kg of manure or compost, 114 g of amcelitera, 246 g of granulated superphosphate, 95 potash salt are required. Under a tree of 9-10 years, the diameter of the priority circle in which is 4 meters, it was necessary to make in the autumn 40-50 kg of manure or compost, 318 g of granulated superphosphate and 125 g of potash salt, and in the spring or 150 g of ammonia nitrate, or 109 g of urea .

Along with the main fertilizer, carried out in the fall in the garden, the in the spring and summer extraxnealing feeders. First spraying The above-ground part of the trees are carried out at the end of May - early June, the second - in two or three weeks after the first.

An extra-corner feeder can be made of 0.5% urea solution (50 g per 10 liters of water). And you can take 200 g of single superphosphate, 50 g of amceliters, or 40 g of urea, 50 g of potassium if, 1 g boric acid and 2 g of zinc and manganese sulfate.

Watering trees.

Watering wood makes in the deepening of the groove in three reception: the first time is 5-6 vestors, after 7-8 days 8-10 Vöter, and then after 8-10 days 10-15 Verida water. The amount of water for watering depends on the size of the trees. After the last irrigation, the soil is slightly mulched with dry ground or film while maintaining a deepening for falling falling falls.

Summer root and extractive feeding Conducted from the end of June until the end of July. Surveillance grooves are digging to a depth of 20-25 cm, 0.3-0.5 kg of mineral fertilizer and 8-10 kg of manure, humus or compost are put on the bottom. Watering is carried out in two receptions of 5-10 vector of water with an interval of 2-3 days. The grooves of the trees in the trees are covered with plywood, cardboard, and 1-2 days after the second irrigation, the groove is heavily. Second subcord late varieties Conducted at the end of summer (August) - early September.

With dry spring Apricots, cherries, cherries are watered in the second half of May, the rest of the trees - in the first half of June. If there are little precipitation, apple trees, pears, quince, plums are watered 2-3 times during the summer (except for suburban irrigation). In the gardens, where there is no water supply, to save watering around the tree, it is necessary at a distance of 80-120 cm from the trunk to get around the perimeter to a depth of 30-40 cm old drain or asbestos pipes (4-6 pcs) and watering through them.

Adults Not fruiting trees for good development Do not fertilize and stop watered. Under such conditions, the development of growth shoots is weakened, fruit kidneys are laid, and the growth end kidneys on the twigs and rings over time are converted into fruit.

Trees in some vegetation periods especially need to replenish their nutrient reserves. To this end, it is carried out non-smeed feeding, introducing nutrients in plants by spraying trees.

Non-believeby trees.

Non-believers are especially effective,if for some reason the main fertilizer was not made in the fall. Non-ball feeding increases the yield and quality of fruits, increase the amount of nutrients located in plant tissues.

During the growing trees, there are 2-3 non-roots: the first - before or after flowering, the second - in June after falling out of the exfoliage (at the time of the bookmarks of fruit kidney), the third is in September.

Especially important non-airing subordinate urea solution (500-700 by 10 l. water) before leaf fall, it increases the nitrogen content in the kidneys of trees and plants, destroys fungal diseases On leaves and shoots.

In case of non-believers, macroelements (phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen) and trace elements (zinc, cobalt, manganese, boron are introduced. Sulfur, copper, iron fall on the plants partially when spraying trees against diseases and pests.

For spraying apple trees A solution is used, which includes 20-30 g. Selitera, for pears 10-20 g, for all fruit breeds 150-200 g of superphosphate and 40-50 g of potassium chloride, 2g zinc sulfate, 2g of manganese sulfate, 2g cobalt sulfate, 2g boric acid or borants for 10l. water. All these elements are mixed with a solution of pestohymicates when spraying from pests and diseases (pesticide toxicity is not reduced). With incorrect dosage of items, there may be cases of burns of leaves.

The fact that the picture is not photoshop and not cool 3D. On the most 6 hundred and it is really possible to dilute the garden, not only providing a family for winter fruit-berries, but also gives a weighty commodity surplus. How much is it in the Malinka Bazaar? Al renclodics with a cam rustic blacksmith of old times? And one of the indispensable conditions of a steadily successful culture of fruit-berry is the timely correct feeding of trees and shrubs.

In the wild ancestors of fruit-berry crops, the frequency of fruiting is sharply expressed. In some year, the branches of the branches are broken, then 2-3 years are completely incurred, and then yields stabilize until another burst. Regular fertilizer of trees and shrubs in fruit garden Allows not only and not so much smooth the peaks and crops of yields. Without it, fruit-berry cultures can "recall" their origin and return to the natural biocycle. At the same time, not only falls from the tree / bush, but the dimensions are also reduced, the taste and nutritionality of the fruit suffer, the content of vitamins and biologically active substances decrease in them. An experienced gardener will say in this case: the grade is spoiled by an illiterate culture, meaning the plant of this variety.

However, wood crops are not in a hurry to live the whole life for the season, like herbaceous annuals, bulbous and tuber; The physiological processes in fruit and berries flow slower and always with an eye on the future, even if there are no special sparkling tissues in the plant, so the feeding of trees and shrubs should be moderate and with more accurate observance of agrotechnology. It is impossible to overfloor fruit-berries. Negative crossing consequences will affect and in subsequent years. Symptoms - Again, a decline in the collection, the worst taste and less usefulness of fruits, up to harm due to excess nitrates. That for the garden is completely unacceptable, because It requires many large initial investments than the garden, and the cost of profitability must be waited for several years, at least a year for berry Sustainers. But then the well-kept garden will give a much greater income than the garden, demanding less routine labor. The materials of this article are designed primarily on the owners of a small nursery or dacha Gardenwho do not have an excess of time and employment facilities.

Foundation - calculation

Garden garden Maine, and the correct feeding of fruit trees is carried out taking into account a number of interrelated factors:

• View and variety of plants.
• The physiological stage of its development.
• Character physical development and the cultivation method (dwarf, normal, lush / tall).
• Type and nature of the soil under the plant.
• Local climatic conditions, general and in this year.

Reception, dosage and fertilizer making schemes in accordance with these parameters are reduced to agronomic tables for individual species and varieties or are given in gardening reference books. A non-specialist to deal with them is quite difficult, so feeding fruit trees and berry shrubs lovers in dachas and panstones It is most often done according to typical schemes or proven recipes, see below. If the climatic conditions and the soil in the author's garden recommendation and its reader are more or less similar, then the Garden of the latter will "hold the varieties" and relatively stealingly fruit, but most likely not at the highest possible level in this place. In addition, the "folk" recipes feeding fruit-berries in RuNet too darkness and darkness, and it is not easy to understand what, without experience, is not easier than in agrito.

The purpose of this publication, first, to give a reader information that will help to understand agronomic tables and to determine which fertilizers for trees and shrubs of this particular type and varieties are needed on this soil in data climatic conditionsWhen, in which way and in what doses of them to enter. Secondly, to help understand which of the typical schemes / which recipe is best for you to give you to the country that it is possible that you need and what you can not change, based on cash and opportunities.

Actually, the calculation of fertilizers of fruit and berries is generally not complicated. Suppose on tables for such a variety in certain soil and climatic conditions (for example, an apple tree of Melba on the chernozem in the Kursk region. Or she rents Simirenko on a podzole in Vologda) in a stammerous culture it happened that the annual need for potassium tree of this physiological physiological need Age (see below) and sizes is 60 g. According to soil conditions and accessibility, we select potash fertilizer and see the proportion of the active substance in the specification. Suppose 17% indicated there. Then this tree requires 60 / 0.17 \u003d 353 g of the selected fertilizer. Round up to 350 (it is better to unfeese, than to overgrow).

Now we take into account that for those living slowly wood, the main refueling of the soil fertilizers should be carried out in the fall. By default, if in the cultivation manual of this variety is not specified other, on the autumn refueling, depending on the physiological maturity of the plant (see below), postpone:

1. On light permeable fertile soils - 1/4 of the annual norm.
2. On them, non-fermentation (skinny soup, cartilage, etc.) - 1/3 of the annual norm.
3. On heavy and medium severity of fertile - 1/2 annual norm.
4. On the same non-fermented - 2/3 annual norms.

From the remaining half we bring in the spring when the soil refuel, and the rest evenly distribute for seasonal feeding. Beginner gardeners on ordinary garden land for the autumn refueling is better to divert 0.5 annual norms and 0.25 more on the spring.

NPK and others

The role of the main nutritional elements of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) in the life of plants is as follows:

• Nitrogen - contributes to the extension of green mass.
• Phosphorus is necessary for the balance of physiological processes, increases the endurance of plants, their stability to diseases and pests.
• Potassium is necessary for the growth of the roots, the formation of new shoots, the synthesis of sugars in the fruits also provides winter hardiness.

To major elements in some modern manuals include 2-valence iron and magnesium. Although they are required by plants in microodos, without them is impossible to form chlorophyll and photosynthesis. Copper, zinc, boron, manganese, sulfur, molybdenum, calcium refer to trace elements; They are necessary for the synthesis of phytohormones, etc. vegetable biochemistry. As a rule, if the soil is not entirely exhausted, adult plants receive them enough of it or as a natural impurity to the main fertilizers, especially organic (see below).

On the extraxanlety feeding

The effect of "ambulance" for wood extraxnealing feeders do not give the main elements. Feed wood basic through leaves can be only in favorable years And necessarily in the presence of explicit signs of starvation for some of them. Also, in favorable years, born-zinc-copper extra-root microfodrugs (1-2, 3-5 and 30-40 g of active substance on 10 liters of water is desirable to carry out pursuing and preparation for fruiting (at the bar. For some crops, for example Grapes, extractive microfodrugs at the beginning of fruiting are required. In unfavorable years, extractive feeding of wood crops should not be carried out.

Together or separately?

Also ineffective and even harmful to wood feeding complex mineral fertilizers, excluding the autumn and spring soil refueling. The main nutrient elements for wood crops should be made separately with an interval of at least 4-5 days. Sequence - phosphorus, potassium, then nitrogen. In favorable years, phosphorus and potassium are fully exhausted in good and deeply moistened soil: phosphorus in the soil migrates very quickly, potassium, on the contrary, slowly, so they share themselves.

Another exception to these rules is a seasonal feeding of juvenile plants (see below). They can and even preferably feed the NPK in the form of nitroposki. South of approx. Kursk-Lipetsk lines in fairly wet years - more concentrated nitroammophos, adhering to the same absolute dosage (in g active substances on a plant or square. m).

Stages of maturity of trees and shrubs

Making technique (see below), the recipe and dosage of fertilizer for fruit-berry crops depend significantly on the degree of physiological maturity of plants. Distinguish its stages:

1. Seedling - tree up to 2 years, bush for a year after landing. During this time, there is a complete rooting of seedlings. The fertilizer is refilled by landing pit when landing (see below); Other feeders are not conducted;
2. "Teenager" - juvenile, i.e. The young quite rooted, but not yet a flowering plant. In addition to the autumn-spring refueling, regular seasonal denunciations are full of NPK with trace elements;
3. The young tree / bush - blooms, fruit, but has not yet reached the level of productivity of this variety in cash. Productivity of young fruit-berry experienced gardeners Artificially limit, removing extra maritime. The soil is filled with autumn and spring full NPK. Seasonal feeding of young trees spend on medium and favorable years annually, see further. In an unfavorable year, seasonal feeders are excluded;
4. Adult plant - productivity stabilized. The soil is refilled mainly in autumn; Forcing spring refueling due to autumn undesirable. Seasonal feeders spend no more than 2 years in favorable years;
5. Aging - productivity falls. The plant "is sent to a working retirement": Autumn-spring refills are done until it retains profitability or satisfies the owners' own needs, and seasonal are completely excluded. How to continue with him - see yourself, under cutting or on a deserved rest element of landscape design.

Note: One of the main tasks of the breeder of fruit-berries - to derive a variety that is unproductive and spent for the gardener, the teenage stage "scatters" as quickly as possible. Therefore, it in many cultural varieties is weakly pronounced or at all imperceptible.

Schedule Podborak

Read more about what when and how to feed fruit and berries, let's talk later. I still note the general features.

First - Starting from 1-1.5 years (if it was saved in the spring) for shrubs and from 2-2.5 years for trees, the autumn-spring gas stations are made regularly annually.

SecondSeasonal feeding in favorable years are carried out depending on the fertility of the soil and irrigibility of the garden once, twice or three times:

• The garden irrigated on fertile soil - after the appearance of the first leaves and at the beginning of flowering.
• The garden is irrigated, the soil is medium or low-grade - after the appearance of the first leaves, at the beginning of flowering and after the appearance of the uncess.
• Garden Bogaric (inevitable) - after the emergence of the first leaves in favorable years, while in the soil there is an excess of moisture.

Third, special years are possible emergency (irregular) feeding. For example, warm, light, frequent short warm rains. Plants laid a lot of uncens; The crop is planned - your fingers are losing, or the rocky rods for cider tasted. But one fruit is needed at least a certain number of leaves; eg The room Pavlovsky Limon is 20. If they are missing, after the first seasonal dressing, but before flowering, the plants can give nitrogen. Or the opposite, the year is hot, dry, the garden is irrigated. The crop is assumed small but valuable. Then during the formation of fruits (crushing apples with walnut, plums with bean, cherries with a pea) you can give potassium or, better, wood ash. Does not get out of quantity - take quality, sugarity.

Note: Emergency feeding of fruit-berries with organic or mineral chemical fertilizers is recommended to do, only having a certain experience in horticulture. Without it, plants from them or slaughtered, or depleted. The other "will spoil the grade" for years, if not forever. Slash can be fed without fears.

Organizer or chemistry?

For the autumn-spring gas stations at the rate of nutrition of nutrition in the speed of migration in the soil and the duration of retention of the active substances, nitrogen-containing organic fertilizers are best agreed: manure, compost, humus. When preparing them for use (see below), the organic can be supplemented with phosphorus, but potassium is entered separately. Seasonal feeders for which potassium and phosphorus are needed, are made quickly digestible mineral fertilizers.

The organic with autumn is used with fresh - quite connected in plastic (slightly wet) form; In the spring - in the form of dried crushed rapids. In the other case, the preparation of organic fertilizers occupies approx. 2 months. The starting mass is laid out in the shade at a distance from residential buildings by layers of 15-20 cm. Each layer is spent on the basis of the calculation:

• - 150 g / sq. M. m.
• - 220 g / sq. M. m.
• From the barn garden plants - 200 g / sq. m.
• Food compost - 70 g / kV. m.
• Humid - 250 g / sq. m.

Note: Organic Ziphy, if needed, prepare from the raspie, but not from fresh.

It will also be very useful to peer each layer 2% solution of potassium humate per 250 ml / sq. m; Potassium in the form of a humate with phosphorus compatible. A bunch is adjusted to a height of 1-1.3 m, the earth falls asleep on top, and the sides are barely. The crushed fresh on the raw is dried in a ventilated room; Sew on the sun can not. From the autumn, the prepared organic is made under the mulch (see below), in the spring under it or in the snow.

Siderats

On a small private site the most "lazy" and cheap, but at the same time the most effective method Full refueling of the soil under the fruit from the fall - sowing of the Sideral nitrogen-fixing crops throughout the garden area. Syring peas, alfalfa, clover. The cereals-nitrogen-plexers (rye, oats) are suitable for the garden: they are light-sounded, in the garden they will not divert in full force and there are no many nutrients. In addition, in the hollow interstices of the stems of cereals, eggs and dolls of pests are successfully overwhelmed.

Sow after harvest. With the onset of cold weather, the land with a bold topper is dripping or pounded. Mulching the Siderate is no need, except on the eve of the somewhat snowy winter you need to sprinkle fine, in 1-3 fingers, layer of earth.

In the snow, for mulch or in pits?

As you know, the priests of fruit circles. But - not so simple: slugs, earthy worms, mice are bunned under mulch. The worms are, of course, only useful, but moles come to the worm. Therefore, it is desirable to give fruit-berry fertilizer to mulch or in the fall under the cold, or in the order of spring refueling to heat. If the garden is in a flat place, and the snow has accumulated enough for the winter, then in the spring fertilize fruit-berries is better in the snow: the refueling is even soaked deeper with the root com, and the thawed water will increase its action without risk to harvest plants. The organic on the snow makes a snack with the advent of the first Protalin.

The conditions for fertilizing fruit-berries in the snow are not always created and possible not everywhere, so the spring soil refueling fertilizers in the garden is most often carried out on mulch. Here is the main question: and where is it mulch, in the spring, it is all sore for winter? Not harmful, not infected and not overlooking the soil (see below)? On one of the ways to ensure yourself mulch in the spring, see the next. video.

Video: Where to take a mold in the spring

Another problem is the most affordable tree mulch often whines the soil that it is extremely undesirable for the garden. It certainly throws her cortex, even if it is the Troha time of the Tsar Antipa. Therefore, before mulching, it is necessary to check the soil acidity. Lacmus paper for chemically not clean samples often gives incorrect results, but in our time it is easy to take a day for rent an electronic ph-meter. For the methods of determining the acidity of the soil, see video equipment:

Video: how to determine the acidity of the soil

Note: To prevent the acidification of the murdered soil, it is lime in 5-7 years from the autumn under the cold or dolomite flour per 1 kg per 1 kV. m. If the garden does not have a large value of trade or its marketability, then the soil acidity in it is "suitable, it is not suitable" can be determined by plants indicators, see the trail. roller.

Video: Plants - Indicators of soil

Seasonal feeding of the novice gardener-private owner is best to carry out the point method. For large commodity gardens, it is too time consuming, but safely: even rough disorders of fertilizer dosages do not affect the plants and damage to the surface roots of inept resistance. In this case, you need a tool: smoothly pointed thickening in the hand of an adult man with a cross-knob Like a tamper, to be more convenient to put pressure.
For point filtering fruit-berry after spilling land (see below), the contour of the projection of the crown is mentioned on it. Then, retreating with a 0.5 m outside, the cooke of the holes with a depth of 30-40 cm in 0.8-1 m. A fertilizer is introduced into the wells, evenly distributed in all, they wrap their Earth and fascinate the remaining water. An additional plus point feeding - it stimulates the growth of root roots, which makes the plants enduring and stabilizes the garden yield.

Note: For dotted fantastic shrubs, the wells for fertilizers are sticking linearly in the aisle.

Feed plants

Fertilizer of fruit and berry crops is carried out in the evening; It is desirable in a warm cloudy day, but not during the rain. Fertilizers are entered into abundantly moistage soil. The land under fertilizer needs in an hour or two before their deposit. The approximate norm of the strait into the minimally moistage soil (compressed in a fist com, when the hand is compromised):

• Juvenile trees and shrubs (except hazelnuts) - 1.5 buckets per 1 sq. M. m of the priority circle.
• Young trees and hazelnuts - 2.5 buckets at square. m of the priority circle.
• Adult trees - 3.5-6 buckets on the same area.

Strait spend portion, waiting for the next bay full absorption. If 10-15 minutes after the fill of the next portion of the soil, compressed in the fist, sticks out in whom with fingerprints, without sticking to them with a solid layer, then this is a sign that is spilled enough and after half an hour, it is necessary to make fertilizers. Also, half an hour after their introduction are carried out in the same order by the top of 1/4-1 / 3 from water to the strait.

Saplings

The fertilizer of seedlings, as is known, is carried out when landing, and then they are not fed to complete rooting. The method of fertilizing fruit-berry when planting is also known: the pit is refueling a bucket-two organic, then the filling of the blades fall asleep the ground, poured with water, plant and water the plant. With the right, from the autumn, landing, the pit is refueling with fresh - he, slowly prewing in the winter, warms the roots and will help the plant to overvolt. Under spring landing (What, generally speaking, undesirable) pit need to fill with a ravine: intensively succeeded in the course of heating the heat can burn the roots. It is useful to add 100-150 g of superphosphate or a half dose of double, but in this case the dry mixture must be prepared in 2 weeks and give it to be closed in an open container (not metallic!) On the air under the canopy.

Note: When landing walnut It is necessary to put a one-piece granite boulder or chip in the landing hole so that the growing rod leaning into it. Then the first nuts will have to wait for 2-3 years, and not 6-8 years.

Typical feeding of fruiting fruit-berry

Seeds

These include pears; In the south - Iiva and Kizil. The peculiarity of the seeds is that the autumn-spring refueling of the soil beneath them begin to spend on the exit of the juvenile phase, after the plants are first blooming. The next after the first refueling on ordinary and fertile soil is carried out by skipping the year; Then - after 3-4 years, the older, the less often. On low-chicken soils, the ground before entering the stable fruiting is filled annually, then after 2-3 years. The order of the fertilizer of seeds (without the autumn sowing of Sideral) is this:

1. In the fall after feasible approx. 70-80% of foliage in the soil pointing in 200 g of potassium sulphate on a young tree and 300 g of its adult;
2. Immediately prepare a nitrogen-phosphorus mixture: by 10 kg of fresh organics of 300 g of dual superphosphate or 600 g of simple. The norm of the mixture on the tree is 12-15 kg per young, 20-25 kg per adult, depending on the fertility of the soil;
3. The nitrogen-phosphoric mixture is allowed to divent under a canopy in the covered tableware cloth at least 2 weeks;
4. Under the cold or when the plants are "falling asleep" for the winter (the shoots of this year are offered, the kidneys will cry) nitrogen-phosphoric mixture is made under mulch;
5. If the Siderat has not fired from autumn, in the spring in the snow or under the mulch give the organic-fresh without phosphorus in the amount of 1/4 of the autumn refueling;
6. After turning out the leaves, young trees are undermine with solutions of 30 g per 1 liter of water, or 400 ml of a dung alive on 1 liters of water, or 150 ml of the gloomy chicken litter on 1 liter of water. Solutions are used immediately by cooking;
7. After flowering, it is drawn to the hole in the wells of a 5% solution of superphosphate in the calculation of 30 g of dry matter on a young tree and twice as much as an adult. Double superphosphate Apply not only in half quantities, but also in half concentration, i.e. The dose of the working solution on the tree remains the same;
8. After the formation of the strings (they achieved size forest walnut) Feed potassium: potassium sulfate (preferably), calmagnesia ,. Norms of application, respectively, for an adult tree 20 g, 25 g and 50-70 g, for the young half-half smaller. Potash fertilizers are brought with 5% solutions, ash - diluted 10 times with concentrated infusion, see below;
9. In particularly harvest years (see below), a potassium feeder in the amount of 1/4 from it is given under the white flow of fruits from it (see before. P.);
10. After harvesting the optimal method for the beginner method to prepare trees for winter - to climb the rolling knives by humus, with the addition of wood ash on a glass on a bucket, 10-15 cm in thickness.

In the faulty years, phosphoric-potash seasonal feeders are not spending. If harvest is foreseen more than half of the maximum possible (over 70-75 kg from an adult tree of varieties of ordinary yields), the carbamide is given 1.5 times more, and potassium is 25% more. In order to obtain a concentrated infusion of ash, its dry dose is indulge in water with a thorough stirring and day surge, mixing periodically. Then another day give to stand. Light sucks and is an asset concentrate; The precipitate is thrown out.

Kostoykovye

This is a plum, cherry, sweet cherry, apricot. The soil under them is refilled just like under the seeds, but compared to the last seasonal feeders have a trail. Features:

• Spring feeding "On the foliage" is carried out in the calculation of 10 g / sq. m of the rolling circle for adult trees and 7 g / sq. m for young;
• In favorable (warm and moderately wet) years, after 2-3 weeks, give a nitroposka to 30 g / sq. m or nitroammophos 20 g / sq. m;
• 4-5 days after they give 5% solution chloride (preferably) or sulfurful potassium. The seed chlorine ions do not like, but the bone to it are tolerated, but the potassium chloride is absorbed faster;
• The first potash feeding of fruiting (similar to paragraph 8 in the preview) is carried out when the ovary is reached the size of the pea (cherry, cherry) or beans (plum, apricot);
• Additional potash feeding is not carried out regardless of yields in the current year.

Shrub

Shrubs "live faster" trees, so the landing refueling in the pit is given half or 1/3 from the necessary for wood. Autumn-spring refueling of soil start a year after autumn planting or 1.5 years later (under autumn) after the spring. The dose of refueling is considered half per quarter. M projection crowns compared to it for wood. For example, apple tree shakes in summer at noon 10 square meters. m, and a bush of 1 square. m. We divide the dose of refueling for an apple to 20, we obtain the norm of the autumn-spring introduction under the bush; Bustics, they are unpretentious and economical. What is important for shrubs - after the first bloom, the autumn refueling of the soil under the cold is canceled; It replaces feeding after harvest.

The basic composition of the mixture for seasonal shrubs of shrubs in middle lane You can take the same: on an adult bush 4-5 kg \u200b\u200bof compost, 10-15 g of potassium sulphate and 20-30 g of superphosphate. The mixture is given to ripen 2 weeks; The schedule of application is:

1. On the phase of active flowering (the first decade of May);
2. In the period of strengthened growth of fruitless shoots (the end of May - the beginning of June);
3. During the formation of the barring (beginning of July);
4. After harvesting.

However, the ways of seasonal fertilizer of shrubs depending on the type of culture are different; For the most popular berry, they are as follows:

• Black currant - fertilizer is scattered under the bushes and shallow, 8-10 cm, drove.
• - Fertilizer make a ribbon under the bushes and fall asleep with sand. An option is a mulch from sawdust, but then you need once a year after harvesting is to control the acidity of the soil and, if necessary, to conduct its liming.
• The gooseberry is very sickly on acidic overwhelmed soils, so compost is desirable to replace 10-15 ammonium nitrates on the bush. The ground with a scattered dry mixture is not deeper than 6-8 cm. After 2 years, the third is carried out in the fall, the prophylactic limestation of the soil, by half a compartment dolomite flour per quarter. m. Lymest flour is not suitable, because Gooseberry needed quite a lot of magnesium.

Note Finally: Shrubs Responsive trees for feeding on the leaves, so in the wet years, forcing their yields extra-cornered feeders It is quite acceptable and will not hurt plants.

Video: Basic fertilizer of fruit trees