Hazelnut tree (hazelnut) - planting and caring for hazel at home. How hazelnuts are grown by gardeners

Since ancient times, our ancestors appreciated the benefits of hazelnuts. For many years, the process of growing this wonderful shrub has been developed. And nowadays, hazelnuts are grown not only in broad-leaved mixed forests, but also in our personal plot in our country. You just need to competently approach the growing process, take into account all the nuances and strictly follow the instructions. This culture has become widespread in different countries.

For example, the cultivation of hazelnuts in the Urals is common among local residents. But now, it grows not only in a certain place with its own climatic characteristics. Humanity has learned to adjust the process of growing hazelnuts to the weather conditions of their environment.

Most popular software climatic conditions for hazelnuts, it is growing in Ukraine and countries that have a similar climate. Since hazelnuts are distinguished by their original taste and pronounced aroma, special role impart factors that affect the reproduction of hazelnuts. After collecting a rich (large and whole) crop, you can use it not only in addition to dishes, but also as an option for growing hazelnuts as a business that will bring a stable income.

Moreover, the planting process itself and the further care of hazelnut shrubs are not particularly difficult. Here, more attention should be paid to the stages of individual activities that will ensure a good harvest.

What is this product?

Hazelnut is a kind of shrub. Whoever saw how hazel grows will find some similarities. The time for flowering shrubs comes at the beginning of winter. The plant begins to bear fruit in spring, early summer. When planting hazelnut bushes, you need to be patient and painstakingly care for it. And in five years - he will give an excellent harvest.

How to grow a shrub

Many gardeners know how to grow hazelnuts from walnuts and actively use this way... Although there are opponents who are intimidated, long time the appearance of the first fruits. But nothing, for some time these seedlings can serve as an excellent decor for landscaping the site. Moreover, the bushes can be pruned and given a figured look.

So, on the question of what year the hazelnuts bear fruit if the first fruits appear ten years after planting the seedlings on the site, but the hazelnuts grown on their own will delight with a rich harvest when proper care many years!

Here are some tips for growing hazelnuts efficiently:

For growing hazelnuts at home Special attention should be given to the choice of fruits. So, they should not be overdried, rotten. Otherwise, there will be no result.
Before sowing in the ground, they must be placed in a damp, dark and cool place, after placing them in a box covered with wet sand.
It is also necessary to look in there and mix the nuts, selecting the spoiled fruits.
You can sow nuts both in autumn and summer. It is important.
The place where the planting will take place must be carefully dug up and fertilized.
The sowing groove depth can be varied from five to eight centimeters.
Watering in time, fertilizing the land, after a while, you will wait for the first shoots.
After a couple of years, you can transfer the shrub to a place of constant growth.

Growing hazelnuts at home

There is a way how to grow hazelnuts at home. And believe me, this method allows you to get excellent results! These seedlings are not inferior in quality to other cultivation methods, so later such a stage is possible - growing hazelnuts as a business.

Growing hazelnuts at home involves the process of fruit stratification. This process lasts only a month and a half, but it will prepare the nuts for the main process. So, the seeds are placed in a container with sand and sent to a cold place for a while. After that, you can start the process of planting seeds. For this, special containers are taken, inside which sand mixed with soil is placed, seeds are planted and covered with plastic wrap.

Seed care when the first shoots appear is no different from caring for regular seedlings. They also need to be irrigated periodically with water. After the first shoots appear, you can plant them in greenhouses. The ideal time for planting sprouts is June.

Planting seedlings

Planting hazelnut seedlings, although it seems difficult, but observing several conditions, you can successfully cope with the process. So,

When buying seedlings, pay attention to root system, which should not be dried out and well developed.
The shoots must be intact, with no visible flaws.
It is undesirable to take seedlings with blossoming buds.

Generally, better buy to carry out seedlings with knowledgeable specialists who are able to prompt and protect from mistakes.

What you need first

For planting seedlings, you need to select and prepare a place. Thus,

The plot must be flat.
Saplings are afraid of direct sunlight and wind.
The land for planting should be fertilized, moist and contain a layer of black soil.

The best time for planting is autumn, a month before the first frost. Seedlings must be placed at a certain distance from each other. First, add fertilizer containing humus, salt and superphosphate to the planting hole. After planting, the seedlings should be watered and mulched abundantly.

Then, there are several options that ensure the reproduction of hazelnuts in the plots. These include vegetative propagation by cuttings, dividing the bush, layering. If you are interested in the question: what can be planted under a hazelnut tree, then you should not bother too much. You can plant under it various flowers, lawn grass and other plants that will not harm the root system.

What does care include?

Proper care includes a number of activities:

Adding fertilizer to the soil annually.
Loosening and removing weeds from the soil.
Treatment of shrubs from pests.

Remember, proper constant care of hazelnuts will help increase the efficiency of the crop, and constant watering in a drought will help. The best way save the future harvest.

Growing hazelnuts: Video

»Walnut

It's hard to find someone who doesn't like chocolate or hazelnut candy. These small nuts not only taste good, but also have a beneficial effect on human body ... The high content of vitamins, chemical elements and amino acids improves health in case of anemia, chronic fatigue, diabetes, neuroses and heart diseases. Hazelnut oil contained in nuts, supplying the body with vitamin E, returns vitality and has a rejuvenating effect. Eating hazelnuts in food is equally beneficial for children and older people. Let's take a closer look at this plant, with the features of the care and cultivation of hazel at home.

There is no industrial cultivation of hazelnuts in our country. Valuable fruits are imported mainly from Turkey, Italy, Spain and China. But hazelnuts are not like that exotic plant, as it seems. It is a cultivated form of common hazel, which grows in natural conditions in the Caucasus, the Middle East, Ukraine and throughout the European territory up to northern latitudes. So why not grow this unpretentious and useful plant, because planting hazelnuts is an excellent business prospect and investment in your health.

Growing hazelnuts for a gardener won't be a big hassle. No wonder the Italians call "cultivated hazel" a plant for the lazy. Hazelnut is a shrub that reaches 2-5 m in height, depending on the variety, but can be formed by pruning in the form of a tree - the choice depends on the owner of the site.

The first harvest can be expected as early as 3-4 years after planting the seedling... The plant does not need particularly careful care, because in natural conditions hazel grows well without human help. After planting, agricultural technology is reduced to watering, removing root growth, annual pruning, and pest control if necessary.

Hazelnuts planted on the site for decades will supply fruits with high nutritional properties and useful substances. Mass harvesting of nuts begins from 5-7 years of plant life and lasts for 10-15 years... After that, the plant is "rejuvenated" - for several years in a row, 2-3 old branches are cut off, which are eventually replaced by young ones and begin to bear fruit generously.

From each adult hazelnut, subject to agricultural practices get 5-12 kg of fruits that can be stored for a long time (1-3 years) without prejudice to taste... If you plant at least three plants on the site, the annual harvest will look quite significant.

Hazelnuts can grow in one place from 50 to 100 years. By planting a plant once, you will provide yourself and your children with valuable nuts for many years to come.

In addition to the benefits of harvesting, the plant has a high decorative effect. Hazelnut varieties have leaves of different colors and sizes., therefore, gardeners often practice planting variegated bushes in a row - with red, yellow and green foliage. Hazelnuts also look spectacular as a specimen plant, formed in the form of a tree. Aesthetic lovers will appreciate the beauty of the bush that throws out spectacular earrings that attract bees in early spring.

Reproduction of hazelnut at home

Lovers of growing a tree from a nut may well resort to the seed method of reproduction. It is simple and, subject to the necessary requirements, will allow you to get a strong and healthy plant. However, such hazelnuts will begin to bear fruit much later than the one grown from a seedling. If, when planting a seedling, the first nuts appear 3-4 years after planting, then the plant grown

made of walnut, bears fruit for 6 or even 10 years.

Therefore, gardeners are more likely to use the planting of seedlings. With this method of reproduction, in contrast to planting a nut, all varietal characteristics of hazelnuts are preserved, based on which they choose a plant suitable for certain conditions.

Sapling selection

One- or two-year-old seedlings are selected for planting. It is recommended to give preference to winter-hardy and drought-resistant varieties.... The purchase of a seedling in a local nursery guarantees the receipt of zoned varieties adapted to the climatic conditions of the region.

When choosing hazelnut seedlings in a nursery or garden center, you need to carefully examine the root system of the plant. It should be well developed and free from damage. Slightly damaged roots are cut to a healthy place... If there is a lot of damage, you should refuse to buy a seedling, since a strong pruning can affect the survival rate and lead to the death of the plant.

Choosing a landing site

Hazelnut is considered a plant that is unpretentious to the composition of the soil and terrain. Moderately fertile soil and a sufficient amount of moisture are favorable for the development of the plant and future abundant fruiting. Most suitable for growing gray forest soils, loamy, sandy loam and black soil different types. Optimal bedding groundwater- not closer than 1.2-1.5 m to the surface... During the spring thawing of snow, the site should not be flooded with water - prolonged waterlogging leads to decay and death of hazelnuts.

However, do not be upset for those whose soil composition on the site is far from ideal. Hazelnuts are safely grown on almost any type of soil characteristic of the middle lane, except for very heavy clay, swampy, saline and dry sandy soils. When planting a seedling, chernozems are facilitated by the introduction of sand and compost humus - this will improve the air and moisture permeability of the soil. The composition of acidic soils is improved by the introduction of hydrated lime, ground chalk or wood ash.

Hazelnuts grow equally well on flat areas and mountain slopes. Due to the developed fibrous root system, the plant is planted specifically in places where it is necessary to prevent soil erosion. When planting on a plot for hazelnuts, you can take any place that is not suitable for other horticultural crops.

Experienced gardeners practice in the first few years planting between the bushes of young hazelnuts different garden crops, which improve the composition of the soil, give a crop and do not allow empty space on the site.

An important requirement that must be observed when choosing a landing site is good illumination. Hazelnuts can grow in shaded areas, but then you should not hope for a good harvest.... Availability only a large number natural light promotes abundant fruiting.

When planting on slopes for "cultured hazel", you can determine the place on any side except the south. It would seem that the south side is better lit and suitable for a plant that loves light. In fact, in early spring, in bright sunlight, flower buds bloom ahead of schedule, and then die during spring frosts.

The culture is sensitive to through winds, therefore when determining the site for planting, the areas that are maximally protected from drafts are selected... Walls of buildings or hedges are used as protection from the wind.

When planting several seedlings, the distance between them and to the nearest trees with a voluminous crown is kept at least 4-5 m, depending on the size of the future plant in adulthood.

Landing technology

According to information from horticultural guides, seedlings of "cultivated hazel" can be planted in early spring (March-April) or in autumn. Hazelnuts have a short dormancy period, their buds extend earlier than other trees, and most of plants planted in spring do not take root.

Experienced gardeners are more inclined to autumn planting- in October-November. Dates for each area are determined individually, depending on weather conditions... In any case, the autumn planting is carried out a month before the onset of frost.

To get a generous harvest of nuts, at least three bushes of different inter-pollinated hazelnut varieties are planted on the site.

For autumn planting, a hazelnut planting pit is prepared since spring, if the planting of a seedling is planned for the spring, then the preparation is carried out in the fall. This technique allows the weed-free soil to rest and to accumulate a sufficient amount of moisture. Life often makes adjustments to our plans, and if the decision to plant hazelnuts came spontaneously, the planting pit can be prepared at least two weeks before planting or immediately before planting.

The landing pit is dug 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.6 m in size. Organic and mineral fertilizers are introduced into the prepared pit and mixed well with the ground:

humus - 2-3 buckets;
double superphosphate- 150-200 g;
potassium sulfate - 50-70 g.

It is more convenient to plant hazelnuts with an assistant: one holds the plant and straightens the root system, the other carries out all the necessary manipulations. Planting technology is simple:

If the roots of the seedling have been processed in a clay mash, wash the clay from the roots... Dipping in a chatterbox is only necessary to retain moisture in the roots until the moment of planting.
If the roots of the plant are a little dry, first put them in water for 1-2 days... Drying of the roots is evidenced by the shriveled bark of the shoots.
If the roots are significantly dry, then not only them, but also the entire seedling should be immersed in water for 1-2 days until the bark becomes smooth.
Form a landing mound in the center of the pit, stick a peg into it.
Place the seedling next to the peg, carefully spread the roots of the plant throughout the pit... The root collar of the seedling during planting should be slightly above the soil level. After watering, the ground will settle, and the root collar will be leveled to the ground. This is very important - when the root collar is buried in the ground, the hazelnuts will develop poorly, and they may not produce fruits at all.
They fill up the hole in two passes... First, half of the hole is covered with soil, the earth is tamped a little and watered generously with water. Then the rest of the pit is poured, tamped again and watered again. The total amount of water for each seedling is at least 25 liters, optimally depending on weather conditions - 30-40 liters.
Check the level of the root collar - maximum permissible excess above ground level is 1-3 cm.
The seedling is tied to a peg and cut over 5-6 buds ... The height of the aboveground part should be 20-25 cm. Pruning contributes to the development of several fruitful shoots during the growing season.

Care of a young seedling

A near-stem circle with a radius of 0.5 m is mulched with peat, humus, manure or sawdust, leaving a free space of 5 cm near the stem. The mulch layer is usually 7-10 cm.

Hazelnuts do not tolerate stagnant water, but at the same time they are hygrophilous plant... Therefore, at first after landing great importance for the growth of the seedling it has regular and abundant watering. The first time the plant is watered a week after planting, take a 7-10-day break and watered again. After that, you can be sure that the planting ball forms a single whole with the rest of the soil and will be able to retain the necessary moisture.

In the first 2-3 winters, hazelnut seedlings are covered with lutrasil or spunbond... This protects the plant from freezing and breaking out unripe shoots.

Further care and cultivation

From planting a seedling to the beginning of fruiting, depending on the variety, you will have to wait 3-4 years. The harvest will be small at first, but in 1-3 years, picking nuts will delight you with its abundance, and after 10 years it will be possible to collect a bucket of nuts from each bush. You can hope for abundant fruiting if the necessary measures for the care of hazelnuts are taken.

Watering

During the growing season, the plant is watered 1-2 times a month, the total number of waterings since April is 5-6 times. Last time the shrub is watered after the fall of leaves - this will create a charge of moisture necessary for the plant in the soil for the next spring. In June and July, the need for moisture increases due to the growth of fruits and the laying of the generative organs of the harvest of the next season, therefore, hazelnuts are watered twice in these months. For irrigation, use 40-50 liters of warm water for each bush.

Weeding and mulching

Weeding helps to kill weeds and to saturate the root system with air. When loosening the soil, it must be borne in mind that most of the roots come close to the surface. Damaged hazelnut roots are not restored, so the depth of weeding is 8-10 cm... The soil near-trunk circles mulch with peat, sawdust, dry grass.

Pruning

Hazelnut pruning scheme: on the left - before pruning, on the right - after pruning

Pruning is necessary to form the shrub. During each summer season cut out extra shoots, leaving 8-10 of the strongest... They try to remove shoots located inside the bush, as well as weak and damaged ones.

Hazel pest control

For hazelnuts from pests, the hazel weevil and the hazel barbel are dangerous. Signs of their appearance are "worminess" and premature drying of the fruit. Insect control uses systemic insecticides, carrying out processing in early May, when the beetles appear in large quantities, and in mid-June, when the nuts protrude from the plyuska. Of the diseases, the most common powdery mildew, you can get rid of which can be treated with colloidal sulfur, lime-sulfur broth or store-bought fungicidal agents, as well as timely cleaning of infected fruits and fallen leaves.

The reader may get the deceptive impression that planting and growing hazelnuts is a rather troublesome task. In this article, we have tried to give as much information as possible useful for owners of summer cottages and their own estates. Hazelnuts do not need a special temperature regime, they can grow on almost any soil and withstand the lack of dressing. It is enough to make a minimum of effort, and the plant will thank you with a generous harvest of tasty and healthy nuts.

You will need

- ripe hazelnut seeds;
- light sandy loam soil;
- wooden box;
- sand;
- water;
- plywood sheet;
- humus.

Instructions

The seedlings will bear fruit in the third year. Plant them 5x5 meters away. The best time for planting - September. It is recommended to add 200 grams of superphosphate and 50 grams of potassium salt to the pit. Fertilizers must be thoroughly mixed with the ground.

Where to plant

Hazelnut is unpretentious to growing conditions, it grows on ordinary soils of middle latitudes, it can not stand only swampy, clayey, saline soils.

IMPORTANT. The most suitable soils for planting a nut are various chernozem soils, loose sandy loam and loamy soils. To improve the moisture and air permeability of the soil, chernozems should be lightened by adding sand and compost to them, add wood ash, lime, chalk.

To grow hazelnuts from walnuts at home, it is worth considering some expert advice:

growing this nut requires good natural sunlight, in shaded areas good harvest will not;
he cannot stand drafts. On open places blown by cold winds, it is required to provide protection from them, for example, to install hedges, buildings;
it is not recommended to plant hazelnuts on the southern slope of the hills. From the sun's rays in the spring, buds bloom very early, and with frost they die;
groundwater should pass, but not closer than one and a half meters to the surface. In the spring, due to the melted snow, the area can be flooded, which leads to rotting of the plant;
the area is recommended to be used flat or with a slight slope. On steeper slopes, planting should be done on horizontal terraces.

When to plant

Although it is believed that it is possible to produce and spring planting(in March - April), experienced gardeners believe that best fit- autumn. The nut has a short period of winter dormancy, very early the buds begin to awaken, and then they may not take root in the frost. In autumn, the growing process is helped by the accumulated summer heat and rainwater... The temperature is still warm enough, and ideal conditions for growing hazel. Planting is recommended from September to November, depending on the area and climate, but no later than a month before the onset of real cold and frosty weather.

Stage one - soil preparation

For the successful growth of the bush, it is necessary to prepare the soil in advance. If the landing is in the fall, then preparatory work should be produced in the spring, or even better - two seasons earlier. First you need to dig up all the ground, remove the weeds. The land, free from them, will rest and accumulate moisture necessary for planting. To correct the acidity of the soil, lime treatment is required. In addition, it is necessary to fertilize the land by introducing mineral and necessary organic fertilizers: potassium sulfate, humus, double superphosphate, mixed well with the soil. This will provide adequate nutrition for the soil for several years.

Stage two - selection of seeds

If you want to grow hazelnuts in your country house, you need to choose varieties that are suitable for the local climate. V middle lane breeders recommend large-fruited and frost-resistant hybrids: "Panakheskiy", "Tambovskiy", "Pervenets", "Komsomolskiy". Since hazelnuts are a cross-pollinated plant, it is required to plant at least three different varieties so that they can bear fruit well. Seeds are required only fully ripe and undamaged, without a moldy odor. To do this, you need to buy them from friends. experienced gardeners or in special greenhouses and nurseries.

Stage three - stratification

For a more natural and easy reproduction of seeds, it is necessary to germinate before planting, this process is called stratification. The seeds are kept for about 3-5 months in moistened sand or sawdust, poured into a box (preferably a wooden one). The room temperature should be positive, but not more than 10 degrees. For this, a common refrigerator compartment or a basement without heating is suitable. The box must be placed in a dark room and holes must be made in it for the passage of air. Over the entire period, it is advisable to mix the sand with the seeds several times, removing spoiled nuts and adding moisture and sand if necessary.

Stage four - landing

Sowing hazelnuts in the country should be done immediately after stratification. But first, you should dig up the site, and fertilize the place for the future planting of germinated seeds. You can sow directly into the ground, as well as in any containers. The depth of the hole in the fall can be up to 8 cm, and in the spring - only 5 cm.It is advisable to sow up to fifty kernels per 1 square meter, this will make it possible to remove all weak, diseased seedlings. Optimal distance between the holes - 8 cm, and it is advisable to make the aisle size within 15-20 cm.

Stage five - care of seedlings

After planting, the land of the plants needs to be mulched. sawdust, can be peat or humus. Further care consists in periodically loosening and watering plantings, timely feeding, for example, with humus. In cold weather, it is required to insulate the plants. After a year and a half, the height of the nut will reach 15-20 cm, usually during this period it can already be transplanted to a permanent place.

When planting small plants, it must be borne in mind that a bush or tree will grow for many years, the crown will grow widely. Therefore, a distance of at least 4-5 meters must be maintained between neighboring plants. The same distance must be kept to other garden trees.

So is it possible to grow hazelnuts from walnuts at home? If you follow the recommendations, it is quite possible to grow a healthy plant, but the fruits will appear on it much later (after 6-10 years), and when planted with a seedling, they bear fruit in the third - fourth year.

Hazelnuts are one of the healthiest nuts after walnuts. This fruit crop can grow up to 20 meters in height. Grow hazelnuts on garden plot it is not difficult, the main thing is to follow all the recommendations and rules for its cultivation.

The choice of planting material

For planting, you must choose ripe nuts. The optimal time for collecting seeds is September - October. The nuts should be free of any damage. Also from planting material there should be no moldy smell. This indicates an unhealthy condition of the nuts. This rule should be followed when choosing planting material in the nursery.

When buying seedlings, it is important to be able to distinguish from wild hazel. It is better to choose seedlings with leaves. magenta... It is advisable not to choose seedlings grown from seeds. Preference should be given to layering. To distinguish them, you need to look at the root. If it is fibrous, then these are layering.

Preparing for landing

Hazelnuts grow well on sandy loam and humus-rich soils. It does not grow in wetlands, poor and dry soils. It is not recommended to place hazel in the lowlands and southern slopes of the mountains. Before sowing, hazelnut seeds should be stratified for 3-4 months.

This procedure is carried out as follows: take a wooden box and pour wet sand into it. Previously, the seeds must be soaked in water for about 5 days. Openings must be made in the boxes for oxygen access. It is important that the sand does not freeze, but also does not exceed the temperature of 10 degrees.

During the period of stratification, sand with nuts should be mixed once. If the sowing of seeds is carried out in the spring, then stratification is carried out in peat, wet sand or sawdust. The temperature should be in the range of 2-6 degrees. This procedure is necessary for the spring germination of hazelnuts.

Reproduction methods

There are several ways of reproduction of hazelnuts: by seeds, dividing the bush, offspring, grafting. Seed propagation is the easiest and easy way growing hazelnuts. Nuts are planted in autumn or spring after performing stratification. Sowing of planting material can be carried out both in the open field and in a container. When disembarking at open ground the nuts should be deepened by 4-5 cm.The distance between the plants is about 8 cm, and between the rows it is necessary to make 15-20 cm.

After planting, the soil must be mulched with humus or peat chips.
If the soil is acidic, then it is imperative to treat it with lime - 500 g will be needed per square meter. It is better to do this a year before planting, otherwise the seedling will not take root. The earth must be dug up and weeds removed.

Seedlings in spring may be rare or absent altogether due to unsuccessful stratification. This should not be scared, since in the following winters, stratification will occur completely, which means that seedlings will appear. The method of dividing a bush can also be carried out in a garden. To do this, you need to divide the dug out bush into several parts, so that each of them has a stump with a root system of 15-20 cm.

Then they are planted separately. different ways: in the butt, split or behind the bark. When choosing a propagation method, one should take into account the variety and type of plant, as well as its condition and age.

Planting and care

Planting seedlings should be done in the fall. It is necessary to make holes for each bush 60x60 cm in size. Mineral fertilizers and humus are applied there per tree 15 kg. From mineral fertilizers choose superphosphate - 150-200 g, potassium salt - 50 g. After that, add the top layer of fertile soil.

The root system should be carefully straightened and lowered into the hole, covered with earth. It should be remembered that the root collar should not be closed during planting. Before planting seedlings, they must be cut by 20-25 cm, the roots must be dipped in a clay-manure mixture. Each seedling is placed at a distance of 4-5 meters. After planting, the seedling must be well watered. After 7 days, watering is repeated.

The soil around the hazel must be loosened and mulched. This is necessary so that moisture lingers in the ground for a long time.

It is important to remember that in order to prevent the bark from undergrowing, the mulch should not come into contact with the stem. In the future, hazelnuts should be moistened 1-2 times a month. In hot weather, you need to regularly check the soil, since some varieties have active fruit growth during this period. Depending on the age of the hazelnut, the amount of watering will depend. You can moisten the soil around the trunk or dig a depression near the hazelnuts and pour in water.

As a top dressing use organic fertilizer... Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied before the growing season. With the growth of ovaries, hazelnuts are fertilized with 0.5% urea. When fruiting, 1-2 buckets of humus are introduced under the trunk. V autumn period feed young tree wood ash. A couple of years after planting, the plant should be formed. For this, pruning is performed. Hazelnuts do not require special care, if the above recommendations are followed, there will be no problems when growing hazelnuts.

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