Moss Sfagnumas component of soil mixtures for room colors, well known and widely used experienced flowerfish. For novice flower water, sphagnum ingredient is mysterious, and therefore optional. This is partly true if you do not make up earthy mixes yourself, but use ready-made. There is often the sfagnum is already present. But is it really needed? And is it possible to do without sphagnum? In order to answer these questions, you need to deal.
What is moss sphagnum and what properties
it swamp Moss.And you can find it on the old rollers of almost all regions with a temperate and cool climate. Although B. middle lane We must really try to find such a swamp. Different with sphagnum from other mises is quite easy - it is white. Although it is not quite true white color It acquires in the dried state, growing on the swamp moss sphagnum has the color of light-salad, which also makes it easily distinguishable from other mises of a saturated green color. IN northern regions Such swamps (Belishanniki) are found everywhere and it is there that the sfagnum moss is mined in an industrial way. What for? The fact is that the moss is sphagnum in addition to magnificent hygroscopic properties has other, no less wonderful properties. It is used in construction as thermal insulation, in medicine as a plant with excellent bactericidal properties. There was a sphagnum and perfumery. And this is not all areas of its use.
Application of sphagnum in flower growing
All complex unique properties This moss of flower was appreciated.
First of all, hygroscopicity. Find equal MKU sphagnum in the ability to accumulate moisture hard. After all, even in comparison with cotton (cotton), he surpasses it at 20 (!). Consequently, if you add it to the earthen mixture, it will be much longer to remain wet. In this case, there will be no danger of overvaluing since, accumulating a large number of Moisture, Moss Sfagnum gives it evenly, as the earth dries. Save the moisture content of the Earth in a flower pot, you can not only add moss to the ground, but simply laying it on the surface of the earth. This, among other things, also contributes.
By adding a sfagnum moss to the soil mixture, you will not only increase its moisture intensity, but also protect the roots of the plant from rotting, fungal diseases. Its antiseptic properties simply will not allow them to develop. It is noticed that plants whose roots were injured in the transplant process, much faster and easier are restored in the soil containing moss sphagnum.
For many indoor plants This moss is not only an antiseptic or moisture battery, but also a regulator (pH). Added to the soil in sufficient quantities, moss sphagnum will make it more acidic, which will have to taste, violets, and another set of other indoor plants. Also sphagnum an integral part.
In addition to all of the above, chopped sphagnum is a beautiful material for and.
Safagnum Billet and Storage
If there is a suitable swamp in your edges, which grows this moss, then be sure to prepare it, you will not regret it. It is done very simple and no special fixtures are required. All parts of it are used, so you do not need to be limited to plugging the tops, take it completely. Before driving a sphagnum, peel it well from moisture and, if possible, clean from unnecessary garbage (leaves of trees, chewing, twigs, etc.). Then you can go in two ways. If you need a "alive" moss sphagnum, it can be freezed in the freezer cabinet (or freezer). It takes freezing very well and comes to life after defrosting. But significantly more often for our purposes sufficiently dried moss. For drying Sfagnum, it is absolutely not necessary to create special conditions, it is enough just to decompose it in the sun. Such a drying will not affect its properties. Saving moss sphagnum long enough, but it is not necessary to dry it completely. It all depends on the goals for which you get it. If it is used as an air humidifier, you can not bring it to the state of the luxury. If you plan to simply add moss to an earthen mixture, you can pre-grind it. So moss sphagnum and dry faster, and it will be easier to use it. Given the high hygroscopicity of the sphagnum, keep it preferably in a dry place and good packaging.
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Hello, dear reader!
I hope past articles about MKHA have already convinced you that MAs are not ordinary, uniform inhabitants of forests that deserve a certain neglect. On the contrary, these are very interesting and important inhabitants. But among them, moss sphagnum is allocated by a whole bouquet of truly remarkable properties.
What is so remarkable sphagnum? Its value in nature is huge. After all, it is a moss, creating a swamp. That's the way - not just living on a swamp , and creating them! From Sfagnum, stocks of such valuable natural wealth are also formed in a very significant degree like peat.
Moss Safagnum, thanks to its peculiarities, currently found widespread use in medicine. And its use in therapeutic purposes Only increases.
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Moss SFAGNUM (SPHAGNUM) - a perennial having another name - peat moss. Moss grows in swampy terrain, forms extensive areas - sphagnum swamps. In Russia and in Ukraine there are about 40 types of sphagnum, in the world more than 300. Habitat is the tundra, forest or mountainous terrain, much less often occurs on the plains. The plant has low-masted roots, so over time they die and convert into peat. The upper part continues to grow and develop. In the dried state, a sphagnum can absorb a lot of moisture - 20 times more of its own weight. It is thanks to such an opportunity, he got its name ("Sfagnos" translated from greek means "sponge"). The plant has a light green (salad) shade, in a dry form becomes practically white. Hence another name - white moss.
Polyana Moss Safagnum in the forest area.
Moss sphagnum is often used by flowerfish. It is used as a component for the soil, as well as in independent video To root the cuttings or disembarking epiphytic plants, for example, orchids. Three main properties of the plant should be highlighted:
- perfectly absorbs water;
- passes oxygen;
- not subject to infection with bacteria.
Gigroscopicity is due to the structure of the plant. Stems and sphagnum leaves consist of hollow cells, peculiar tanks, in which water absorbs. Safagnum's hygroscopicity is 6 times higher than Wat. In addition, moisture is evenly distributed in it. This suggests that the use of moss in composition landing soil Allows you to maintain a permanent and uniform level of humidity.
Pot with gardens in Sfagnum.
Air permeability is achieved due to the same tank cells. Soil mixtures, which contain sphagnum, lungs and loose, which has a beneficial effect on the health of the root plant of the plant.
Scientists working in the field of briology (science studying the MAIs) have proven that moss is absolutely not subject to disease. It has disinfectants, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Sfagnum contains antibiotics, bactericides and coumarins. All these substances are natural antiseptics, they are used in the medical industry. And the application in flower growing allows you to forget about the reproduction of cuttings during reproduction.
Another important property of sphagnum is the ability to acidify the soil - this prevents the reproduction of various kinds of bacteria. For some colors, such as violets, this feature is indispensable. After all, it is in acidic soil that bloom is rich and longer.
Application in crop production
As mentioned above, the properties of MCH are indispensable in flower growing. It can be used for breeding:
- violets and gloxy;
- royal and ordinary begonias;
- orchids and monster;
- drazen and Diffenbahius;
- tolstanka and Cordilins.
In general, this list can include all indoor flowers preferring high humidity. We are indispensable to moss sphagnum for those who are often in the road, and to charge the colors not to anyone. Moss will perfectly cope with the task, you just need to wet it and set the plant. So sad for a long time It will be wet.
The violet cased by sphagnum to preserve humidity.
Dried sphagnum applied to gardeners on dumart sites. They are covered by plants, poorly carrying frosts. Since not all garden flowers We need acidic soil, in the spring moss are collected, leaving only where it will really be useful. For example, in areas with Astrami, chrysanthemums or tulips. Some vegetable crops, such as potatoes, carrots and radish, also like acidified soil.
Collection and storage
The billet of the moss of Sfagnum comes from April to October. But here there are nuances. For example, collecting in early spring May be complicated by availability mavel Water In those areas where moss grows, in July - bloodsowing insects. Rainy October can also disrupt all plans. therefore better timeAccording to experts, August or September. Especially if there is a suitable weather - dry and warm.
MHA collection is made in two ways:
- extracting completely, even the root - get large quantityBut at the same time be prepared to spend time on thorough cleaning;
- top part It is cut with a knife - the mass is less, but the moss is cleaner.
In the campaign behind the sphagnum necessarily the presence of rubber boots, gloves and polyethylene packages. Just in case, you can capture a bactericidal plaster with you, because when working a knife, cuts are not excluded.
Just assembled sphagnum without roots.
If you need a living moss, it is better to decompose it in the shade, distributing a smooth layer on the surface. Let the wind succeed a little sphagnum - it should be wet, but not wet! So that everyone beneficial features Preserved, keep moss needed in plastic bags in the cold room, can be even frost. When you need it, it is entered into a warm room, and he comes to life.
Grows moss sphagnum and at home. To grow it yourself, it is necessary to cut the green part and put in the pallet with a wet peat. Be sure to water daily.
Application of sphagnum in other industries
As mentioned above, the properties of the MCH allow it to use it for medical purposes. During the Great Patriotic War It was used instead of wool, applying to wounds and burns. He not only stopped blood and pulled the pus, but also contributed to healing.
The dried moss is successfully used in construction. wooden buildings. It is used as a cushion for logs. This makes it possible to maintain heat indoors and get rid of pests, which often "occupy" wood.
Dry sphagnum for the warming of log builds.
Beekeepers make insulation for hives from pressed dry sphagnum. And the living moss wore the bottom for disinfection. In animal husbandry, Moss Sfagnum also found an application. It is used as a litter for small rodents or as a filler for the toilet.
To get rid of themselves from the harness associated with the collection, you can buy it in specialized stores or order via the Internet. The cost will depend on the mass of the goods. So, 70 gram package Sfagnum will cost you in 80 - 100 rubles. Volumetric bags per 50 - 100 liters cost from 1000 to 2500 rubles. Wholesale buyers suppliers usually make good discounts.
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Olga Aleinikova 03/24/2014 | 16985.
Moss SFAGNUM is known for flowers by the ideal assistant in the rooting of the cuttings. In fact - it is unique plant With incredible properties.
Although sphagnum is often called "white moss", in fact, it does not happen. On relatively dry plots of rollers, you can meet rusty brown, red or pink and even purple-red specimens. It depends on the type of moss. On more wet places, light green or slightly brown species usually live.
What is sphagnum?
SFAGNUM - a perennial dispute plant. It does not have roots. Each unit is a thin, constantly branching stalk, the lower part of which gradually dies. The branches and stem are covered with small scaly leaves, located on the helix. Leaves consist of cells of two types. Some of them are small, narrow-cutted, green, with a solid shell. They have photosynthesis.
Others are much larger, hollow and colorless. Such cells are called hyaline. They have pores through which the air penetrates into their dry weather, making the plant color is very light, almost white. In the wet periods through the same pores, water is sucked. It is believed that sphagnum mosss can absorb water about 20 times more of their own mass! From here I. greek title Moss Safagnos - Sponge.
How to use?
This is the property of sphagnum first and attracts the attention of the flower water. The cutting moss, added to the substrate, not only looms the soil, gives it the necessary structure, but also increases its moisture intensity. He takes excess water Immediately after irrigation, and then gives it roots as needed. But it must be borne in mind that the addition of sphagnum into the soil significantly increases its acidity. Therefore, no more than 10% of the total mixture should not be taken.
With the help of sphagnum, you can maintain increased humidity and around the crown of the plant. To do this, it is enough to put moss around the pot and periodically moisten it. But it is not necessary to keep it on the surface of the soil. This can lead to the mooring and death of the roots. As an exception, this technique can be used when departing on vacation for 7-8 days.
Antiseptic properties
Follow an important property Sfagnum is that it contains antiseptics. First of all it sfagnol. - Substance with an antickered effect. Due to this, as well as the ability to acidify everything around themselves, the sphagnum creates on the swamps the environment in which dead plants are preserved by centuries without being subjected to rotting.
It is important this quality of moss and for flowerflowers. Bactericidal properties and anti-nipple effect of sphagnum make it possible to significantly increase the likelihood of rooting many plants. It cannot be rooted only succulents. Excellent results gives the use of sphagnum when reproduction by the method aircraft. When transplanting a rooted cutting into the soil, it is useful to leave a little moss on the roots in which they rose.
Billet MKA
You can harvest the moss with sphagnum at any time of the year, but most often it is made in the fall, which makes it possible to preserve it alive (frozen) before the start of spring flower works, when access to swamps is usually not yet. Moss is removed easily, but it is better to take only the tops of the stems, cutting off with scissors. Do not be greedy. Remember that one liter polyethylene package is tightly stuffed with moss, enough for the preparation of at least 10 liters of planting mixture. The sphagnum collected (to reduce weight) is carefully pressed.
Brought from the forest Moss must be pouring minutes to 30 very warm, but not hotter 45 ° C, water. This will not only be saturated with its moisture, but also will save from insects.
Store moss in a coolness in unprinted plastic bags, giving him the opportunity to breathe. In winter, just in the cold.
To print
SFAGNA MOX, or SFAGNUM, - GENERAL MAKH MHO, the main source of the formation of a rigorous peat, a perennial dispute plant. Refers to the SPHAGNACEAE family and is the only modern item. Peat moss grows on wet places and contributes to the wiping of the area, because it has the property to accumulate and keep water in itself. Within the territory of Russian Federation The 42 types of this plant are common, more than three hundred people are known.
The article provides a characteristic of sphagnum mosses. Their structure and life cycle will be described. In addition, it will be described about how people used to use safagna Moss..
Building and Description
Where is the sphagnum moss grow? It grows, as mentioned above, on the swamps, next to plants such as a robust, cranberries, blueberries. On his stems you can see three of different types branches. The sprigs growing in the horizontal direction, due to the weave with neighboring shoots help MCU grow vertically. Spreading twigs absorb and spend water until the top of the plant. What is a surprisingly sphagnum moss? The accumulated moisture can be 20-25 times higher than the mass of the plant itself!
The top cells are responsible for the growth of sphagnum. They grow up, forming a semblance of a hat. Risoids (Thin threads that moss are attached to the soil, the peculiar analog of the roots) has no plants. It does not need them, since, in contrast, for example, from cuccushkina MKA, absorbs water not with rhizoids, but with the whole surface.
Due to the insufficient amount of oxygen in the swampy terrain and the presence of a sphagnum in the body of such a substance, as a carbolic acid, which is a natural antiseptic, the plant almost does not rot. Its upper part increases by about 1-3 cm per year, and the lower (underwater) die annually. Dry sphagnum moss after death turns into peat. The formation of this mineral in the swamps occurs at 1-2 mm per year.
Leaves Plants
Small leaves Safagna moss - single-layer. They are present two types of cells: chlorophyllon, alive, and guialic, dead. Hyalin - large, have a diamond form, contain inside spiral or annular education from hyaline. It is a hygroscopic substance, and thanks to these structures, dead sphagnum cells are able to absorb and accumulate water in themselves. The aquifers make up 2/3 of the leaf surface. Around each of them is 4-6 alive, chlorophyllon, performing traditional photosynthesis function for plants. The tops of the sphagnum can have a different color, from green to reddish or brown, and look very picturesque. Specialists associate differences in coloring with weather conditions.
If you look at the sphagnum overgrown on the side, you can clearly see three pronounced zones. Top - live, green (yellowish, brown), up to five centimeters thick. The average, yellowish-brown, width of five to ten centimeters, is a transitional from living cells to hyalin. Chlorophyllon cells are still present in it. Even below, sphagnum consists of dying cells and has a light brown color (as a rule, below the water level). These are the features of the structure of sphagnum moss.
Life cycle and reproduction
IN life cycle All mugh-like marks the predominance of the haploid gametophyte over the diploid sporophyte, and the sphagnum is not an exception. Gametophyte called the sexual generation, and the sporophyte is intact.
Men's sexual cells, dual-pure spermatozoa, ripen in Anteridia. These are single-layer formations resembling bags. Female genital cells, respectively, ripen in the female reproduction bodies - Archegani, located on women's gametophytes in the upper intersals. These are the structures of the bottle-like form, in the wide part of which the eggs are contained. Aniardia and Archegononia are always growing on different shoots,
For fertilization, water is necessary for fertilization. In the case of its presence, spermatozoa falls in Archegononia. From the fertilized cell (zygota) sporephite develops. Its components are a border with developing sporangi, located on the leg, and the Gaustoria, which provides communication with the gamemarketophyte and is a power body. The sporangia is formed by reduction division of haploid disputes. By the time of their ripening leg, the leg is lengthened and the sporophyte is taken up over the leaves. The box is destroyed, the disputes fall out and dissipate on the surface of the soil. As shown by the results of the experiment, spagnum disputes are able to maintain a germination after 10-13 years!
From the dispute after germination, a short plate proton is formed (ranging). It appears with rhizoids (as mentioned above, in adult plants they are missing) and the kidneys developing into shoots with leaves. Initially, the division of cells on chlorophyllo-containing and aquifer is missing, this difference appears later.
Types of sphagnum moss
As mentioned above, the scientists did not come to a common opinion regarding the number of types of sphagnum. According to the same data, they are numbered about 350, according to others - 320, 382. All sorts are included in the genus Safagnum, which, in turn, is the only sphagnum in the family. This family is also the only one, which is included in the Sphagnales of the same name. Its representatives are noticeably different from their morphological, anatomical and biological characteristics from leafy moss.
Typical view - the sfagnum of the marsh, which in Russia is found everywhere. Others famous species - Sfagnum ongstrem, common in Northern Europe, Japan, Korea, on Far East Russia and Siberia; Safagnum Hair, growing in the American continent and Ukraine; Sfagnum Magellansky with an extremely wide range of distribution (not only grows in Antarctica).
Using sphagnum in flower growing and crop production
The use of sphagnum moss is varied. It has a long history. Some methods due to the development of science moved to the background, others are still relevant. Among the latter is the use of peat moss in flower growing. EU countries, Japan and the United States annually import large volumes of sphagnum mosses to grow orchids. In it, young plants do not rot and develop well, after which they are transplanted over time to a special substrate from pieces of pine or coconut bark. Safagnum at home can be used to root not only orchids, well, and any flower cuttings.
Experienced flowers advise the use of a mixture of soil with chopped sphagnum for the recovery of the pesting plants with rotting tubers or roots that were damaged by pests. Thanks to the natural antiseptics contained in it, the sphagnum moss is healing the soil and contributes to tightening damage on underground parts of room colors. The chopped moss can be simply added to the land mixture - it contributes to breaking, regulates humidity and disinfect the soil.
If you're going to leave the house for a while, you can put the moss with water in flower pots This will allow the colors not to dry, because the sphagnum will give the soil moisture.
It must be remembered that any case of moss should be processed before applying: to scream with boiling water (better - pour for 2-3 minutes), cool, squeeze. Some flowerflowers advise after that shed it with liquid fertilizer (for example, "Kemira Lux") and withstand two or three days in a polyethylene package. Pressed and dried moss can be stored for a long time using as needed.
Safagne Moss Flower Mixtures
Safagna moss is an excellent raw material for soil mixtures. So, due to the substances contained in it, it contributes to the formation of an acid medium, which is especially important for the heesnery. For orchids and other epiphytes, it represents the perfect substrate in itself. Previously, it can be finely seized sharp knife Either wipe through the sieve.
For growing SENPOLIY
Sphagnum chopped, river sand, fertile garden land, leaf land - take in equal parts.
For Gloxy
Package of land "Vermion", handful of chopped sphagnum, 1 tsp. Wood coal and fertilizer for flowers, 0.5 ppm Dolomite flour.
For cattles and orchids
Mix in equal parts of a pine bour and charcoal, add a little chopped fern roots or sphagnum. The largest pieces of the bark are put on the bottom, the average - above, etc.
How to Prepare Moss Included for Flowers
A small amount of sphagnum moss can be cooled or even freeze. According to experts, in live moss flowers grow and develop better. To do this, it is necessary to withstand sphagnum about half an hour in water with a temperature of +45 degrees, then shifted in plastic bags and put it on storing in a cool place. So it can be stored for 2-3 months, and in frozen form - even longer. Freezing will not affect the properties of moss.
Application in medicine: historical facts
How did people use the sphagnum moss used to be used in addition to the methods described above? Before the appearance of modern dressings, it was indispensable in medicine. The sphagnol contained in it is an anticensing substance - contributed to disinfecting and, as a result, the rapid healing of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In addition to sphagnol, 6 phenolic acids and 6 kumarins with bactericidal and antifungal properties were isolated from vegetable raw materials. They oppressively affect Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, cholera vibrion, an intestinal wand, Salmonella ... According to scientists, it is difficult to determine that sphagnum moss is powerless to be powerless. One of them is the causative agent of leprosh, but this disease in our places is rare enough.
In addition, the sphagnum absorbs moisture evenly, and is able to do it in the amount that exceeds its own, 6 times! Only after that the bandage begins to get intoxicate. Therefore, it was widely used on the fronts not only І, but also II world wars. Its high hygroscopicity allowed the bandages less frequently than when using bandages and wool. It facilitated work medical personnel And it allowed not to disturb the wounded too often. During the II World War, the sheets are dressing material from pressed sphagnum wrapped in Marla, centrally was produced at the UK enterprises. Raw materials were supplied from Wales, Scotland, Ireland.
In emergency cases, when the injury was obtained in the forest, in the campaign, etc., sphagnum moss and now remains indispensable for imposing bandages. When transporting injured with broken limbs, it is good to pave it under the bus to improve immobilization, avoid compression and rubbing.
Attempts are known in medicine industrial production Safagnum-based drugs. So, back in 1971, a biostimulator called "peat" was released in the Soviet Union. It was recommended to apply in Malgiy, arthritis, radiculitis, some eye diseases. However, this experience has not received further distribution, and today the drug in the register of domestic medicines Not listed.
Application in household, construction
As for more prosaic ways to use it, then agriculture In places where there is a lot of sphagnum moss, it is used as a litter for domestic animals. Some hostesses recommend storing bags with vegetables on a sphagnum pillow, which in this case acts as a moisture battery. If vegetables dry out, he gives it, and if in the room (or on the balcony), on the contrary, wet, sphagnum pulls out excess water. Thus, the gifts of the fields will be preserved better.
Speaking about how people used to use sphagnum moss before, it is impossible to go around the attention and its use as insulation. During the construction of wooden log houses, bath must be paved between wooden details The material that will be sufficiently hygroscopic, but at the same time breathing and non-decumbenting. And here this material is out of competition, the value of the sphagnum moss is huge. In this capacity in the northern regions, it is still successfully used, because due to its bactericidal properties does not rot, therefore wooden buildings Save better. At the same time, the sphagnum has excellent thermal insulation properties.
In addition, the sphagnum moss is widely used for the production of biofilters, as it is an excellent natural sorbent.
Speaking about how people used to use sphagnum moss before, it should be mentioned that the northern peoples of the mother quilted him into the cradle of babies.
MCH blank for industry
In the northern regions of Russia, the sphagnum is collected in the dry and warm weather on the local standards of the weather in August - September. Because after collecting, the raw materials need to dry, bad weather can seriously complicate the workpiece of raw materials, and even disrupt it at all. Collect moss manually, strips width not more than 30 centimeters, between which they leave the same in size untouched so that the cover is able to recover. To do this, you will need less than seven years. We bring sphagnum from the swamps in the bags by hand, on the sections of drying are decayed on metal grilles. At this stage, impurities (garbage, leaves, other plants) are also removed from it. So that they were originally minimal amountFor collection, selected areas located as far as possible from the forest.
Ready for processing dried moss is folded into large bales and dismiss on the processing site, from where they send to customers.