Knowing how people used to use sphagnum moss used to successfully apply this information in practice. It has long been known that all the best for the management of the economy and maintaining health gave us precisely nature.
Definition
Moss) - this is a genus moss living in the rigging and transitional swamps. The upper part of the plant increases annually, and the bottom dies. With almost no rot and serves to form peat. This is due to the presence of carbolic acid sphagnum in the body, which is a strong antiseptic.
SFAGNUM usually appears in places with a wet environment. Thanks to its ability to absorb and keep moisture, the accumulation of such my mug leads to a walking. At the same time, the plant has a number of properties that make it invaluable in the farm. Today there is great amount Information about how people used to use sphagnum moss used to use.
Application in construction
Because of his low thermal conductivity, such a moss was actively used in construction. So, a special powder or plates were made from it, which were used in the construction of walls. But do not think that this technology has moved into the past. It is quite possible to use today, because SFAGNUM has a number of undeniable advantages over modern construction materials:
SFAGNUM is an indispensable component in the preparation of earthless mixtures for indoor plants. The fact is that in a dry state, the moss absorbs water 20 times more than its own mass. Thus, the earth remains wet and systematically feeds the roots of plants. If you are going to leave for a while, but are not sure that the neighbors will conscientiously water your plants, take care that they are planted into the soil mixed with finely chopped sphagnum.
Use in animal husbandry
How did people earlier used sphagnum moss? This plant played an important role in almost all spheres of human life. So, the sphagnum has always served as a good domestic bedding. And bactericidal qualities prevented the spread of cattle diseases. In addition, in the chlevins, where the sphagnum is used, there will never be an unpleasant odor.
Ratched beneficial features Safagnum and beekeepers. Mokhovy bedding are put under the hives for insulation and absorbing excess moisture. In addition, the sphagnum will disinfect air, which will prevent the spread of diseases dangerous for bees.
Use in medicine
The use of sphagnum moss in medicine is due to its properties:
- good hygroscopicity, which means the ability to quickly absorb moisture (several times better than the familiar wool);
- good breathability (even in wet);
- antibacterial properties.
All of the above characteristics are sphagnum with excellent dressing material. For the treatment of wounds, this moss was used in ancient times, and in war time This material saved not one life. Here are some more ways to use sphagnum in medicine:
- treatment of frostbite and burns;
- tire overlay (sphagnum acts as a layer protecting the skin);
- treatment of feet and nail fungus (for this, special insoles from moss are used);
- treatment of psoriasis and other skin diseases of an infectious nature (moss insist in hot water, and then take a bath with the addition of this means);
- fighting with staphylococcal lesions (need to rinse with fluid, pressed after the collection of sphagnum).
Moss SFAGNUM: Usage in the garden
The avid gardeners and gardeners have long appreciated the benefits of sphagnum. This moss contributes to the normal development of young plants, as well as the restoration of "ill" instances. Well, of course, gardeners could not not note the hygroscopic properties of Sfagnum. Moss helps maintain normal soil moisture even in severe heat. Accumulating moisture during rain or watering, sphagnum gradually releases it as the soil drying.
Conclusion
Undeservedly forgotten plant is moss sphagnum. Using it B. different areas Vital activity is becoming popular again. So, in medical circles, they say to the release of dressing material based on it. Also, this moss can bring considerable profit to builders. As long as animals and gardeners are actively and successfully used sphagnum in their activities.
Moss sphagnum - branched one-bed plant, Representative of the White Mukhs.
Distributed in the taiga, in the tundra, on swampy locations.
Did you know?The greatest amount of sphagnum grows in moderate climatic zone The Northern Hemisphere of the Earth, the greatest variety - in South America.
Moss sphagnum - what it is
Peat moss is called a swamp plant from which the peat is formed. Spore perennials are growing every year at the top, moving in the bottom. It is easy to answer, as a peat moss nuts food. The plant absorbs water, photosynthesizes, forms organic substances from water and oxygen. On the stem and leaves are water-based cells, surrounded by dark green photosynthesizing cells, combined into a single network. The sfagnum moss is a leg and dispute box. It is a sphagnum that plays an important role in the fear of forests and turning the lakes to the Marsh, where the moss grows sphagnum (most often coniferous or wide forests), increased humidity.
Useful properties of moss for indoor plants
Safagna moss got widespread use in gardening and flower growing thanks wide spectrum valuable properties. Flowers are interested in which substances contain sphagnum. Peat moss contains phenolic substances, triterpene compounds, sugars, salts, pectins. The moss prevents the appearance of pus in the wounds, it is often used as a dressing material that does not need sterilization before applying.
Did you know? It has a huge suction ability, surpasses even cotton cotton wool.
Useful properties of moss- Perfectly passes air, opposes bacteria, has a disinfecting and antifungal effect.
How to apply moss sphagnum in home flower growing
The use of sfagnum moss in horticulture will help to avoid many problems with soil. It is necessary to cut the moss and add it to the substrate, which will reduce the soil, increase its moisture intensity, form the desired structure. It will also take the accumulated water after watering, giving the roots. Moss Safagnum is an extensive perennial. and it should be understood what plant is it can moisten the soil.
Important! Safagnum increases the acidity of the soil, in the mixture its volume should not exceed 10%.
Moss SFAGNUM is very useful for indoor plants.By placing a moss pot, you can maintain the right level of moisture around the crown, but do not keep constantly on the soil surface, so as not to provoke the death of the roots. The mixture of 1 part of the leaf land, fertile garden land, is suitable for SENPOLY river sand and chopped sphagnum. Gloxins will be useful to the mixture from the land "Vermion", wood coal, 1 teaspoon dolomite flour And the handstone of chopped sphagnum with the addition of perlite or vermiculite.
Orchids thank the owner for the mixture from pine crust, charcoal and finely chopped fern roots. You need to put a large coarse bark, on top - medium size. Try to fit the substrate to the bottom of the root, but did not overlap it completely. Moss Safagnum may not have the expected effect without knowing how to use it. Before use, sphagnum mosses need to be scarked, bring to room temperature, squeeze and leave it in closed polyethylene package for several days.
How to prepare peat moss
Remembering where the sphagnum dwells, it is worth thinking about choosing suitable place. The best place for the collection of moss - in close proximity to the trees, where he has a smallest amount of wateriness, the swampy terrain does not fit. There are several ways to collect moss: either fully remove it with roots, which will entail further thorough cleaning, but the volume of harvested raw materials will be larger, or suturing with the knife the upper part, but the resulting material will be several times less. Collect and add peat moss can be bunches. It is necessary to harvest the sphagnum manually.
Sphagnum.
Other names: White Moss, Peat Moss, SFAGN.
Description. Moss SFAGNUM - a perennial grassy plant of the SFAGNACE family (SPHAGNACEAE). The plant does not have a root system. Stem is thin, branching, low (up to 20 cm). At the top of the height of the stem is not limited, and bottom part The stem with time is dying, forming a peat.
Stem branches are located clusters. The upper part of the stem ends with the head. Leaves sitting, small, light green, without a vein. The leaves consist of two types of cells. Green narrow cells are connected by the ends and form a mesh structure, in which the movement of organic substances occurs. In these cells, photosynthesis occurs. Between narrow green cells there are transparent large dead cells, in the form of shells.
The stem outside is also covered with such dead cells. Dead cells perform the role of reservoirs that accumulate water, retain it, and feed alive cells. Through the available holes, the dead cells are drawn from the surrounding air pair of water and condense them, transforming into water.
Unlike other mosses, the sphagnum does not have subtle threads, which consist of one row of cells, and thanks to which the MAs are strengthened in the soil and feed through them. Moss sphagnum absorbs water and minerals with the whole surface. It grows in water, in rollers, covering large squares carpet of salad color. Plants grow tightly, thus supporting each other. Moss sphagnum allocates hydrogen ions into water, increasing its acidity. The water of the rollers in which sphagnum is growing, sour, has a brownish color, a small content of minerals and a large content of humus components.
The upper part of the sphagnum of a salad color, and the bottom is whitish. Fixing, the lower part of the plant does not overload and forms peat. This is because the plant allocates not only hydrogen ions, but also other substances that impede the process of rotting. Also in water, very little oxygen, in whose environment is rotting.
Why are sphagnum still called white moss? Because when drying, it becomes white. This turns out a white moss. Sphagnum is distributed mainly in the northern hemisphere (in the forest and tundra zone). In the southern hemisphere grows high in the mountains, less often on the plains (on the territory of the moderate belt). Spags and vegetatively multiplied by spa.
Exist a large number of Safagnum species, some of them are more preferred for drug use. Among them is a sfagnum marsh, megallansky, sharpness, brown and others.
Collection and harvesting of raw materials. For medicinal purposes, the entire living part of the sphagnum is used and harvested. The workpiece is carried out from May to September in dry sunny weather. Sphagnum is harvested by hand by pulling it out of the water. Before laying out the sphagnum for drying, it is pre-pressed with your hands, remove the running lower parts, which are dead, as well as another garbage. Then it is laid on the fabric thin layer And dried in the sun in a ventilated place.
Slow sphagnum slowly. When dried, its green parts becomes white color. This is a sign that the raw material is sufficiently dried. Optimum humidity Dried raw materials are considered 25-30%. Dried white moss stored in polyethylene or paper bags. The shelf life of raw materials is 1 year.
The composition of the plant. Sfagnum contains a phenol-like sphagnol, fiber, triterpene compounds, sugar, resins, pectin substances, proteins, minerals.
Useful properties, application.
SFAGNUM has antiseptic, bactericidal, disinfectant, antifungal, hygroscopic properties.
The sphagnum property is determined by the content of sphagnol in it, and the structure of this plant is such that it is hygroscopic, i.e. it has a well absorb and keep a lot of moisture. The combination of such properties makes it possible to successfully apply sphagnum as a dressing material.
Directly on the wounds are not applied sphagnum. It is wrapped in sterile gauze and such dressings are imposed on firearms, radial, purulent wounds. SFAGNUM has long been used in medical purposes. Also, it was used during the war (WDI).
In case of diseases of the joints and for cleansing the body, baths with sphagnum infusion are taken. For this, 100 grams of dry sphagnum are crushed, poured with 3 liters hot water (about 80 ° C), insist in a closed dish before cooled, flicker, press.
The infusion is added to a bath with water comfortable temperature. Take a bath no more than 20 minutes, 2 times a week. Total 8-10 baths. Taking such a bath contributes increased sweatingSo after the procedure it is necessary to wear a warm bathrobe and lie down under the blanket. If you put dry sphagnum in shoes, it will be good defense From fungus and from sweat.
Another use of sphagnum.
This plant applies not only for medical purposes. Currently, Moss Sfagnum is widely used in crop and flower growing. It gives land loafness, and due to its hygroscopicity, contributes to the uniform moisturizing of the Earth Koma.
Safagnol contained, has bactericidal actionthat prevents the disease and rotting the roots of plants. Use it and as a mulching layer.
SFAGNUM, which has a weak degree of decomposition, is a valuable raw material for the production of effective sorbents.
White moss is used as insulating materialwhich is stacked between logs in the construction of wood facilities. The hygroscopic properties of the sphagnum allow you to smooth out the moisture drops. It will contribute to the fact that the house or the bath is just longer.
SPHAGNUM
SFAGNUM is a large genus of plants, including over 200 types of moss similar in structure and ecology.
Systematics and names
Sphagnum refers to the highest, or, as they are also called, leafy plants. This separation is rather conditionally, but characterizes moss as a plant with differentiated organs. SFAGNUM belongs to the department of mossoid, or briefites, - the most primitive department of modern higher Plants.
The sphagnal order (SPHAGNALES) differs from green mosses with a number of anatomical, morphological and biological characteristics. It includes only one family - SFAGNACEA (SHAGNACEAE) and the only genus Shagnum, combining about 350 species (according to other data 320). In the photo Schagnum Palustre).
Safagnum's synonymous names:
White moss - comes from white or light green color of some kinds; Because of white, sphagnum moss is sometimes confused with some kinds of lichens.
peat moss - due to the ability of the plant to form peatlands;
SFAGN.
Area and place in biocenoses
The main spread of sphagnum moss is the tundra and forest zone of the northern hemisphere: in the northern and middle part of the forest area, Taiga, Tundra, Foreturotund, in Siberia, Far East and the Caucasus.
In the southern hemisphere, sphagnum moss meets less often, grown mainly in mountainous areas. Although sphagnum is a typical Harktic plant, the greatest species diversity of this kind is found in South America.
Ecosystems where sphagnum mosses grow:
High swamps (called also sphagnum);
Wetlands coniferous or mixed forests;
Forestry zone with predominance coniferous rocks trees;
wet meadows with poor waterproof and water stool;
Valley of rivers with marshy shores, here on the Borov terraces, the sfagnum area can stretch far to the south, right up to the steppe zone;
Mountain areas (Alpine and subalpiysky belt).
Morphological features
All types of sphagnum have morphological features inherent in MCHAM only - they have no roots. But sphagnum has its own specific traits, distinguishing it from green mosses.
Contrary to the frequently used name "White Moss" Most of the types of sphagnum possess green, brown or reddish.
Safagnum is clearly differentiated on the stem and leaves. Branched stems, cauldia, grow vertically, reaching a height of 20 cm. Growing tight stem sphagnum form pads or turns. The sphagnum moss grows only in the upper part, and the bottom gradually dies, forming peat.
Characteristic feature Sfagnuma is the absence of rhizoid plants in adult plants that replace MKHAM roots. In the sprouting of the dispute moss, the rhizoids are formed, but soon die together with low part Safagnum.
The structure of the sphagnum stem is simple: in the center of the core, the inner layer consists of elongated cells with thickened walls (prosena), and outside the stem is covered with epidermis cells. Sfagne multi-layered epidermis is called hyaloderma. This layer consists of dead empty transparent cells in which there are pores. Cells are always filled with water and dissolved mineral components, they play the role of conductive tissue.
Due to hyalodermal cells and aquifer, sphagnum has such a property as hygroscopicity. Dry moss can increase its weight thirty times when it gets into the water.
At the end of each sprig, the leaves are collected in the beam - this is a feature of sphagnum moss.
Leaves, or Phillia, in the sphagnum of two types - stem and branches. Smaller branch leaflets than stems, and are located like a tile: one on the other.
The leaves of sphagnum moss consist only from one cell layer. The difference between them from the leaves of green mesms is that Sfagnum has no central leaf vein.
Cells of leaves are divided into live and dead. This is connected with different cellular functions. Alive (assimilm) cells contain chlorophyll, they are narrow, worm, long. Dead - rhombid, absorb and retain water.
Photo: White moss - sphagnum / sfagnum swamp
Features of breeding
Mossi is the only representatives of higher plants, which in the development cycle dominates Gametophyte, that is, the haploid generation. The diploid generation is a sporeophyte, strongly reduced and is a disturbed box on the leg.
Safagnum, like all representatives of the Brofit Department, multiplies with the help of the dispute and with the help of Games (sexual reproduction).
The gametophite generation is that people call sphagnum (stem with leaves). Among the hundreds of species of Sfagnum there are one-bedroom and dioarm representatives. Gamets in Sfagnum are formed in Archeganis and Anterida.
Features of chemical composition
The composition of the sphagnum moss includes:
Tanines - thanks to them, the moss is stored hundreds of years without being subjected to rotting;
Sfagnol - phenolic compound, blocking the development of putrefactive bacteria, playing the role of natural antiseptic;
polysaccharides (starch, glucose and some cellulose);
terren;
proteins and amino acids;
silicon.
Types of Safagnum (Shagnum)
Usually, under the word "SFAGNUM" understand the sfagnum of the Swamp (SHAGNUM PALUSTRE).
In wetched pine forests, more often grows with. Compact (S. Compactum) and p. Oak (S. nemoreum).
On sphagnous swamps typical views with. Brown (s.fuscun), p. Deceive (S.Fallax).
In lowland swamps, in Olds and wetched groves - with. Central (S.Centrale), p. Bottured (S.Obtusum), p. Baked (S.FimBriaTum).
Role in biocenoses and economic use
In nature, white MAs are founders and basic vegetable components of sphagnum swamps. Thanks to the sphagnol, white MAs do not rot, but very slowly decompose, while creating a sour Wednesday.
On the upper swamps, the sphagnum forms a weak-mineralized, but high-calorie peat. The percentage of evil in such a peat does not exceed 6%, it is used as fuel, construction and heat insulation material, chemical raw materials, as well as as a substrate (or additives to the substrate) for growing flowers and crops.
AT agriculture Dry sphagnum is used both as a litter for domestic animals. In medicine, peat serves as an antiseptic and dressing material. Safagnum extracts are helpful in the treatment of rheumatism, intestinal diseases, skin infectious diseases caused by staphylococci.
Hello, dear members of the forum and guests of the site! Moss Sfagnum is one of the most necessary components for the cultivation of violets. It was repeatedly written about its properties and application, so I will not stop on it. Ready Moss is quite rarely sold in stores, so most citizens have to order it on the Internet, or search own forces. Today I will tell you how to find moss in an unfamiliar forest.
Usually winter in our edges rarely holds more than 2 months, and moss can be harvested at any time. This year, the snow melted only in mid-April and the reserves of MCA approached the end, it was necessary to get into the forest at the first warm day. In all the lowers there is melting water, forming picturesque lakes.
Moss has not yet woke up, covered with snow water.
But these are familiar places, so I still quickly scored required amount MCH for current needs. And last spring I was just late for the bus and decided to look for moss in another forest, where, they told me, he is. Finding moss in an unfamiliar forest is more difficult, but a completely solvable task, if you know how to search for. Sfagnum grows in wetlands, along the shores of forest streams and small marsh lakes.
In coniferous forests and dumbers, the place is inappropriate for him, there it is extremely rarely found. The landmark can be high aspen, who love wet lowers, here you can find sphagnum under them.
Early spring aspen bloom with gray fluffy serges, sinking everything around them.
So the long-forgotten touching song sounded:
"Silge of alder, light, as if a flunk,
But touch it, - everything will be in the world not so ... "
This time we have everything so, under the aspen it is the most necessary sphagnum. Waking after winter, the sphagnum begins to grow rapidly, forming soft green pillows.
There are many varieties of sphagnum, but the most suitable for violet is such. In the hollows with forest streams, whipped Olkhoye occurs a variety of sphagnum with thick long to 25 cm stems juicy green colourBut such a moss rarely grows with pillows and often firmly flashes acute swamp grass.
In the dry time, the moss pillows dry out and become practically white, for which the sphagnum is called another white moss.
Often there are sfagnum pillows with thin openwork stems, but such a moss is not very good, he dries quickly and crumbles into a duch.
But on my way, the distant relative of our sensipolium was met - Forest Violet.
Yes not alone - and with "apartment"
Forest bloodsowing ticks in the last decades divorced in incredible quantities. They wake up in early spring With the first warm days, and go into a hibernation at the end of August - early September.
And now they massively multiply in the places of rest of the citizens and on all natural forest landfills.
Sometimes I just want to shout, seeing all this: today you brought the girl on the kebabs and did not take your garbage back, feeling the hero, but tomorrow you will come here with your children, and ticks in gratitude for the shelter, they can embarrass them.
I rarely return now from the forest without the attracted unwanted guests. Here is one such crawling on the lining of my windbreaker ...
But, the ticks are afraid - not to walk into the forest, and I can not deprive myself of such pleasure. Spring amazing time. The forest is covered with a green smoke, white anemone in the wind is worried.
Gentle and touching carolisks - the liver watching trusting and sincerely.
The first mushrooms woke up on the stage, I do not risk checking how edible :)
Bright bowls shine with deceptive fire - ran into the light and redeemed in ice water.
I hope my walk will help someone find moss in an unfamiliar forest. But even if it is not there (well, he does not grow in these edges!), I will have enough impressions for a long time.