Having received a plot and planning your future garden, think about it to destroy and your own inclinations. Love whether to dig in the garden, work on Earth or prefer walking around the surroundings, kebabs, active games in the fresh air. After all, it is precisely from this that the principle of planning the site, breaking it into special zones and their ratio in size. The garden should be a comfortable and pleasant place to relax and work the whole family. And here you need to follow certain rules.
Garden layout
After the site under the garden is selected, it is necessary to correctly focus on the sides of the light and zonail. This is important to do to create optimal conditions for the growth and fruiting of trees and shrubs. With the competent location of the plants on the site, you can provide them with sunlight or shadow, protect the soil from the wind. In addition, the well-thought-out arrangement of plants relative to the entrance to the garden adjacent to its territory buildings, the water supply source facilitates the work of the gardener.
Garden layout can be regular (geometric) or landscape. Regular layout is characterized by symmetry and plants location on geometric lines. All trees and shrubs should be placed at a certain distance from each other according to the scheme in the form of a square, rectangle, rhombus. Between them lay the smooth tracks. Often used chess landing scheme.
Square, rectangular and chess landings schemes are suitable for plots proper form. The aisle in such a garden can be sealing - to plant other plants that do not require a lot of light. If the site is narrow and long, then trees and shrubs are better to have a rectangular scheme. It is optimal for a small square garden. With a compacted landing, the trees have rows every 8 m. Between the trees, leave the distance of 5-6 m. Between trees with a large crown, you can plant trees with a smaller crown (plum, cherry). In the rivers there are berry shrubs (gooseberry, currants). The distance from one bush to another is 1.25-1.5 m. Sealing of plantations with a rectangular scheme for placing fruit trees is justified. Big trees (apple trees, pears) In the first years, slowly and the space allotted for them occupy gradually. Less overall and durable will have time to give not one harvest during this time. Aging in plum and cherry is celebrated by 20-25 mph, and berry Sustainers - From the 14-16th year of life. When the apple trees and pears grow up, the plum and cherry are already stopped being froning in full force and they are uprooted. The placement of fruit trees in a square scheme is most often used on even sections. The distance between the trees with this approach is the same on all sides. The chess scheme of the placement of fruit trees is most commonly used in the country areas. Trees are located in the corners of the triangle on equal distance from each other (Fig. 1). This approach allows you to plant fruit trees by 14% more than when normal landing. Chess landing scheme is suitable for the garden on the terraces.
Fig. 1. Chess landing scheme of trees: 1- Tall trees: 2 - medium and low-speed trees
It is important to properly arrange fruit trees and shrubs in the height (Fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Types of trees in height: 1-dwarf; 2 - middle-grades; 3 - tall
Distance between saplings
If it is planned to grow in the garden of an apple tree on tall flows, then between the rows leave the distance of 6-8 m, and between the trees in them - 4-6 m. Apple tree on semi-caric colors occupy less place. Their ranks are made with a distance of 5-7 m, and between the plants they leave 3-4 m. The rows for an apple tree on dwarf-darkens are located at a distance of 4-5 m from each other. There are 1.5-2 m. The rows with pears on heavy-resistant bonds are made with an interval of 6-8 m. The distance between the trees in the row is left 4-5 m.
The cherries and plums are planting in the ranks with a gap of 4 m, there are 3 m between the trees. The same trees of small-sized varieties are located 2 m in the rows of 4-5 m. Black-rowed row, currants, gooseberries are planting at a distance of 1-1.5 m from each other, the rows make a width of 2-2.5 m.
The gooseberry bushes can grow to 2.5 m in diameter. When landing rows, the bushes usually do not exceed 2 m in diameter. The gooseberry can be planted between the seeds of fruit trees, leaving the distance to them in 1.5-2 m. As soon as the crowns of trees grow up so much that the gooseberry come upside down.
Gooseberry in large quantities plant sparse rows. The bushes are located at a distance of 1.4-1.5 m from each other, and between the rows they leave 2-2.5 m. After 5-6 years, the gooseberry bushes grow and rows become solid.
For quick receipt big harvest Sometimes they plant 2 bushes into one boarding hole with a distance of 20 cm. During the first 3 years, the gooseberry really gives a rich harvest. In the future, the bushes grow strongly, oppress each other and quickly agrees. It is already difficult to send them, as it will have to damage the roots. Therefore, the landing is two bushes inexpex. More rational combined landing scheme. Plants are plants often - in 0.75 m in a row, and between the rows retain the distance of only 1 m. After 3-4 years, the bushes are thinning through one and between them in the ranks remains 1.5 m. The bushes are reserved for a new place. After 1-2 years, the gooseberry is thinning in the same way once again. Such an approach to cultivation allows each year to receive a decent harvest even with young plants in a small area. Blackberry and Malina occupy less space. Their ranks are made of 2 m wide, and bushes are placed with an interval of 0.6-0.7 m.
Efficient gardening lifespan and planting scheme fruit of berry crops middle strip Russia is presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Terms of operation and planting scheme of fruit of berry crops
In the garden S. landscape style Plants are placed arbitrarily, adhering to the basic principles to provide them with optimal conditions for growth and fruiting. In such a garden, everything looks natural, there is more decorative plants.
Landscape garden. Fruit trees more often put on rows on parallel arcuate lines. Shrubs and flower beds are placed in such a way as to emphasize the beauty of the garden.
From the North and Eastern Parties, windproof plants can be attached. They will be removed from the strong wind more thermal-loving fruit trees. You can also place economic buildings or a residential building. However, they should not be high and shadow the garden. One of the options for placing the garden, garden, houses and household buildings is shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 3. Plot layout (C - North, Yu - South, units. Measurements - M): 1 - House, 2 - Children's playground, 3 - toilet, 4 - shower, 5 - lawn, 6 - water tank, 7 - strawberry , eight - vegetable crops, 9 - Cherries, 10 - Cherry, 11 - pears, 12 - applevented, 13 - grapes, 14 - gooseberries, 15-currant, 16 - Malina, 17 - apricot, 18 - sea buckthorn, 19 - plum, 20 - Walnut 21 - Appleal Night, 22 - Lilac
When planning, the garden takes into account the features of fruit of berry plants - the need for light or shadow, thermal liftingness, resistance to drought, etc. north side It is usually the highest trees (apple trees, pears). In the southern direction, there are more shorter (plum, cherry), and then berry shrubs (raspberry, currants, gooseberry). Next place garden and berry lowered plants ( garden strawberry). With this approach, all plants receive enough sunlight (Fig. 4). Walnut They have away from all fruit trees and shrubs. Optimal for him is the place next to the house.
Fig. 4. Illumination of trees and shrubs in the garden: 1 - when proper location plants in height; 2 - with improper location of plants in height
Grapes rationally place along the fence with the southern or south-eastern side of the site. Berry shrubs can be highlighted in a separate zone or put together rows of fruit trees. From the north side, there are the most endless rocks of fruit trees. The most thermal-loving trees (apricots, cherry) are planting in the center of the garden, in a well-lit place and protected from the wind place. You can put them along the fence, on the side of the forest, at the wall at home.
Trees should not create an extensive shadow in neighboring sites. Therefore, tall varieties are planted at a distance of 3.4-4 m from the border with the adjacent site, the average - at a distance of 2-2.5 m. Near the house is planting more low plants so that they do not shade the windows. Free space between the fence and trees can be taken currant, raspberry, gooseberry. They can grow well in the shade. However, it should be left from them to 1 m. It is not recommended to plant any trees and shrubs at a distance of 20 cm from the border with the adjacent site.
When landing shrubs, it is necessary to consider that they greatly grow and may interfere with the growth of other plants, so young shoots need to cut down. For the same reasons, raspberries, sea buckthorn, currant is better to plant off from other plants, in more remote corners of the garden. Lemongrass and Aktinidia is recommended to plant close to the house. With this location, they will be protected from wind. The sharpening apples are planted only in the sections covered with snow in the snow. Without snow shelter, they will freeze, so they can not be placed on a blown place.
Drain, on the contrary, plant there, where there is no big saving accumulation. In the high snowdrifts, she starts the bark in the root cervice area, which can lead to the death of the whole tree. Under the cherry allocate the sublime place. In order for plum and cherry well pollinated and fruit, it is recommended to plant them for 2-3 copies of different varieties. In the most sunny place, the currant is seized, sea buckthorn, rowan blackfold.
Black currant prefers wet soil (loam) and solar protected areas, but can grow in light shadow. With a strong shading, this shrub begins less fruit. The soil with severe acidity for growing black currant is lime.
Red and white currant grow on light soils, do not tolerate shading. They are planted only in an open place with moderate humidity. Milnage sections and dry soil these types of currant are not transferred. For the gooseberry fits a loose soil of any type with moderate humidity. It is good fruits even on medium plates. At high location groundwater and the stuffed water is amazed by lichens and muced dew. The place for this berry bush is chosen solar.
For strawberries, not only a plot with the longest possible sunlight, but also protected from wind in winter. Strawberry grows well in one place for 3-4 years, after which it grows, often sick and amazed by pests. Therefore, it is recommended to transplant to another place.
The greater in the garden different species And varieties of fruit trees and shrubs, the more chances to get a good harvest every year. If weather conditions are less favorable for one culture, they may be more acceptable for another culture or other variety. However, it is not recommended to plant an apple tree and summer and winter varieties. It is better to select them through close ripening groups, such as summer and ripening in the beginning of autumn, winter and ripening late autumn. Do not stand the plants too close to each other. In this case, after a few years, they will begin to be mutually impaired and this is not the best way to reflect on fruiting. To plan standard area Under the garden and garden, we propose to use the data of the table 2.
Table 2. Norma square For fruit of berry crops per family of four
In total, 400 m2 is assigned to the garden on the site. This is quite enough for a family of 3-4 x people. 4 apple trees are planted in the garden, 3-4 plums and cherries, 2-3 pears, apricots and sweet cherries are just 1-2 wood. From shrubs most of all plant black currant - 5-7 bushes. You can plant 2 bushes of red currant, gooseberry, sea buckthorn. There is a place for 100-150 strawberry bushes. If desired, it is possible to highlight the place for grapes, rowan blackfold, Irgi, rosehip. In order to fresh fruits And the berries were available as long as possible, trees and shrubs from different groups in maturation should be planted.
On raw plots with high groundwater standing fruit trees and shrubs are recommended to plant on bulk hills. They are created when the soil is loosening, which they pounce to the middle of the selected place and mix with the manure, peat, humus.
As the growth of trees and shrubs, the ratio of free space and plantings, as well as light and shadows on the site will change. Low cultures may be shaded if it is not considered in advance. On the embossed area, the ranks of fruit plants go from one slope to another almost parallel to each other. They converge on the hill, and at the foot of the hills are slightly expanding (Fig. 5).
Fig. 5. The location of the trees on the relief area
After determining the style of the garden and the layout of the plan begin marking the site. To do this, we use roulette, cord and ecker (count with a wooden cross for aligning the angles of rows and beds). First, zones are determined to accommodate trees and shrubs along the boundaries of the site. In the outlined places, pegs are driven into the ground and stretch the cord when necessary. Then outlined the line of the longest row, measured the distance between trees or shrubs and in their place are also driving pegs. Planticing along the edges of the row is determined using ecra (Fig. 6). With proper markings, all rows of trees and shrubs in the garden are rectangular, parallel and perpendicular to each other.
Video: Planning site
With the acquisition of the land plot, the owner has to face the zoning of the territory. Now there are many specialists in this area, which with the help of professional techniques can create beauty. Garden layout can be performed independently if familiar with the features of this work. After all, not only trees, but also shrubs, vegetable crops can be planted on the site. More information about the design of the territory is told in the article.
Preparation
The garden should be located under the outdoor sun on a plot with high groundwater. Do not lay it in the lowland, where it will come cold air and water during the spring flood.
After the external inspection of the territory you need to schedule the following works:
- Cleansing the territory from old stumps, wild shrubs, stones, the rest of the garbage.
- You need to plow deeply.
- It is necessary to perform a watering for weeds. After germination, you need to perform deep cultivation and to dissolve the plot.
- In parallel, you need to give the soil into the laboratory to establish the physical condition and type of soil, chemical composition. This is required for further care: Use of fertilizers, performing irrigation, other agrotechnical procedures.
- According to the results of the analysis, you need to make under autumn processing Required doses of fertilizers and other land reclamation components. Without these data, fertilizer is undesirable.
What is important to consider before planning?
Before running the garden layout, you need to consider some nuances:
- What territory can be allocated under the fruit garden. Trees with empty crowns need a distance from 4 square meters. m.
- Relief area. For fruit Garden The plain territory or a gentle slope is suitable, in the cold air, a lot of moisture, these territories are unfavorable for fruit trees.
- Analysis of soil analysis. Fruit crops have a powerful root system, fertile soils are needed to provide good nutrition. For sadroom territory It does not fit stony, clay, sandy soil. Negatively affects the growth of trees near the arrangement of groundwater.
- The presence of light and heat. Fruit trees need the required amount of light and heat, as they slow down in the shadow. Locality S. strong winds It will not be quite suitable because it prevents proper pollination, dries the earth, damages the harvest and breaks the branches. Partial protection from it is a high fence or green planting.
Features planning
Garden layout start with paper schemes. If there is a house on the territory, from it and should be planned. The paper is applied on the paper, the contours of the object and other buildings, as well as the places where there are trees. This territory is protected by trees.
If the land is not built up, a plot is applied to the scheme for the construction of the house. Garden layout assumes the presence of a parisade. The housing should go to the street to the street, a part of the land for the parisader is located in front of it. Its size is determined by the area of \u200b\u200bthe territory.
On a small parisader, you need to plant flowers, berry bushes, on large - decorative and fruit trees, flowers. Large fruit plants - Apple trees, pears - it is advisable to put in the northeastern part. Between them should be cherries and plums.
Plan
To ensure the correct gardens and garden layout, you need to create sketches of the site. In the plan you need to specify the construction, approximate finding the rest of the objects. It is necessary to mark the marking of the pit for planting bushes and trees. It should be planted at a distance so that with growth they are not shaded.
Closely located bushes and trees are poorly growing, moreover, this leads to diseases of garden crops. Fruit trees have a powerful root system, it should develop freely. If there are wild shrubs on the territory, stumps, which should be hardened, you need to perform all works and burn wood balances. The ash must be left in a dry place, it will be required to obtain fertile beds.
Garden layout on the site should be such that the trees do not shaded the neighboring sites. To date, fashionable beds of the original shape, for example, garden pizza. In this case, the rest are located from a round bed in the center of the rays. Near the borders of the site plant raspberries, blackberry, berry shrubs bringing fruits and shadows.
What cultures to choose?
When planning a fruit garden you need to decide on plant species. It is necessary to choose trees and shrubs, well growing and fruiting in a given area. For the middle strip, pears, apple trees, plums, allycha, cherry are selected. In warm edges, sweet cherries and apricots grow better.
From berry shrubs you can choose currants, gooseberries, blackberries, raspberry. Garden layout for 10 acres is much easier than with a large area. For little plot Shrubs are preferable to arrange around the perimeter. On the vegetable beds It is necessary to plant cultures growing close to each other: cabbage, cucumbers, peas.
Popular species planning
Garden planning project will create original plot. There are 4 options for design:
- Straight. This option is not only beautiful, but also simple. This location allows you to clean up the site. This type of design allows the effect of reducing space.
- Circular location. To get it, you need skills in landscape design. This design will allow creating a fruit garden and flower beds, and for the garden to use it more difficult.
- Diagonal. In this way, you can arrange a garden plot for 15 acres and above. With the help of a diagonal orientation, a visual volume is obtained. It allows you to compose the location of different sites.
- Creative option. There are no specific rules here. Usually there are elements of other species. It is used for sections with a special configuration.
Each option is original in its own way. Before implementing the project, it is necessary to draw it on paper. If land with some buildings and plantations that do not want to be removed, they must be marked first.
Communications
The layout of the household plot, the garden, the garden is not without communications equipment. Systems facilitate the operation and content of the territory, improve functionality. They will create additional conditions.
To organize a garden plot, drainage systems are required, sewage, organization of passage gas pipeline and water supply. Also required well, septic tank or well. These engineering objects need to have a sufficient distance from each other. There must be a system street lighting. The wiring must be carried out at a depth of 70 cm. The gasket should be performed before planting plants and the arrangement of garden tracks.
Territory of recreation
If a breakdown of the territory is performed on a fruit garden, it is necessary to determine the place to rest. Even in a small area, you can place a modest, but harmoniously inscribed gazebo. It should be beautiful and comfortable. In large areas, it turns out to create a summer kitchen, a swimming pool, an observation platform, and so on.
The list of ideas is limited only by the areas of the terrain and the desire of the owner. But in any case, the area of \u200b\u200brecreation should be in a comfortable place, do not interfere with other zones. It is preferable to remove it from economic blocks and communications.
Preparation of landing pit
Planning little Garden and large plot implies the right planting of plants. Moreover, it is necessary to perform this by some rules. The garden must be laid in autumn. You need to dig by the Scheme of the landing pit, prepare fertilizers for the soil.
The pit will be approximately sizes because final option It is installed on the magnitude of the root system, which depends on the age of the seedling. The exemplary size of the pit is 60x60, if the seedlings are 2-year-old, and for 3-year-olds can be increased to 70x80 cm.
Preparation of soil
Around each pit should be mixed with the upper layer of earth with humus and peat. In the spring period before landing in the mixture, 1 cup is added wood ash and harated lime and 200 g nitroposki. Everyone should be carefully mixed. Saplings need to buy from proven manufacturers.
Acquisition and preparation of seedlings
Landing must be performed in spring. During the growing season, the seedlings are stronger. Young trees for the warm period get used to the new location. Sablet should not be purchased from strangers. It is advisable to do this in farms that are engaged in their cultivation. Then more likely that the zoned variety will be purchased. It is necessary to inspect the acquired seedlove. Do not take it if it has a dry root, a curve trunk, cracks on the crust.
Landing
There are rules for planting seedlings. For 1-2 days before that, they need to soak in the horseman go to another growth stimulator. Then you need to prepare the capacitance of the clay chatter with rhoin, a planery or phytosporin. The remaining biofungicides used for the tank mixtures are suitable.
2-3 weeks before landing, you need to fall asleep part of the soil cone in the pit. During this time, the cone will fall, and the seedling will be properly posted in the pit. It must be dipped into the talker, insert into the pit, straighten the root so that there are no chances. By 2/3 of the pit is covered with soil.
It is necessary to fill the water bucket. After absorbing you need to fall asleep the rest of the soil or the soil. Check and fix the seedling eight to the support. In the loose seedling will break down small roots.
Subtleties landing
During the landing, you need to check the correctness of the depth of the root cervical. With the Blowing, the tree after 5-10 years dries. With light sandy soils, the root neck is desirable to burst a little in the soil - by 10 cm. At the seedlings formed roots or piglets, the shroud will not interfere with the correct development of the plant. Such cultures quickly rebuild the root system.
In the core saplings, the root neck must be in the field of landing pit or 2-3 cm above. And the graft vaccinations are 4-8 cm above the root neck. Beginner gardeners are often confused by these places. It is necessary to carefully relate to landing, because when errors, the tree dies quickly.
If the root neck and seedlock is correctly determined so that it is above the soil at 4-5 cm, the tree is planted correctly. You need to compact the kidney near the landing. At a distance from the trunk, a radius of 30-50 cm need to make a roller with a height of 5-7 cm and pour 2-3 water buckets.
The root neck must be higher than the soil by 2-3 cm. If necessary, you can ship the soil after irrigation and inspired with a layer of small mulch. If living seedlings and landing are purchased correctly, then after 2-3 weeks, the first leaves will appear.
Definition of root cervical
- The young seedling has a damp rag to wipe the lower area of \u200b\u200bthe barrel and the root. Root neck can be installed on the transition of greenish color in light brown.
- In adult seedlings (3-4 years), we need to wipe the bottom area of \u200b\u200bthe barrel with a wet rag and, after drying, scraping the bore with a knife. If in the field of expansion the shade of the subcortex layer is green, then it is stem, and if yellowish, then the root part. The place of transition color and is considered a root neck.
- Some seedlings are excellent noticeable place of death from the barrel of the upper side roots. It will be a root neck.
What is forbidden to perform when landing?
- Use semi-proverse manure, only humidier with soil.
- Often water with a small amount of water. It dries soil.
- Use cold water for watering.
- In the first year fertilize plants.
- After landing, mulch the priority area.
What do you need to perform when landing?
- Saplings should be cheered using a mel solution with clay, biological preparations from diseases and pests.
- Warm the target, paper, Loutrasil.
- The protection of the barrel from rodents will be a chain grid.
- After the snowfall, fits the snow near the trunk.
Thus, the planning of the garden involves competent zoning of the territory. It should be trees, shrubs, a rest area. It is also necessary to proper planting of plants in compliance with all rules. Then it turns out beautiful gardencreated by landscape design rules.
The harvest has long been removed, and it is snow outside the window. It would seem that time to relax from the country's cotton, but the thoughts of many gardeners are already devoted to the future colorful season: What and where to plant, what fertilizers and seeds to buy, how much and what film is needed for greenhouses and greenhouses ... and it seems to be nothing complicated here - just to place potatoes on your hundreds, cabbage, carrots, beets, onions and garlic , Green crops, because in the rest: trees, shrubs, raspberries and strawberries have long been their legal seats.
But in practice everything turns out to be more difficult - you have to compare a lot of different factors to take, it happens, just one only correct solution. And for this, it is not necessary to know what kind of cultures are light-friendly, and which shadows - need to still take into account the fertility of a particular area, which cultures grew here in the past, and preferably, not only in the past, year, and what cultures will grow near peacefully and without conflicts.
Therefore, really enthusiastic gardeners and gardens have to be planned and accounting in its garden is at least painstakingly than accountants their reporting. For example, my grandfather had a huge accounting book with Detailed Garden Garden Plans for several decades, starting from the 50s. In fact, for so many years, information is not needed - in most cases it is enough to have data for 3-4 years, but here I have affected the truly accounting character of the grandfather. I'm fine, good at hand, and I am just painted in the relevant program, just fix the year and celebrate where and what cultures I have grew. But most, probably, still have to draw such a plan from hand - in this case, it is more reasonable to draw a plan with the indication of trees, shrubs, greenhouses, greenhouses and constant a variety, and then remove the culture planted in each This or another year is so much faster.
How to agree on all "for" and "against"
Even with all the necessary information, the right decision can find not easy. You start posting, and it seems almost everything managed to plan, but here last stage It turns out that, for example, a garden remains for cabbage, on which this cabbage grew in the year before last and at the same time he was sick. So, it is impossible to plant it here, and it all starts first. Again, there is a plan to redo, look for a new solution and re-draw it.
If you are familiar similar situation And you bring yourself to my headache every year, planning and replacing the culture of the garden, then try the interesting decision that I recently read (I can do anything, because I do everything on a computer, but most of the gardeners probably will be very useful ). True, to use this approach you must have close-size rectangular ridges, and each vegetable need to plant on your ridge (that is, not in the company with others).
In this case, you can plan: take last year's site plan (and better plans for 3-4 years) and blank sheet Paper. Clear this sheet on the same rectangles and write on them: potatoes, cabbage, carrots, onions, garlic, etc., listed all that plan to plant. At the same time, if you always take garlic two ridges, then, respectively, rectangles with the name "garlic" should be two, etc. Cutting paper on separate rectangles and start your plan to collect a puzzle called "Entertaining Garden", placing the ridges rectangles in need for the lured places of your plan. It's not terrible here, because Easy to fix everything, moving the "wrong" rectangle to a new place. Try, and this method will be much easier to play all situations in the head and multiple and painstaking redrawing of your plan.
What factors need to be considered when planning the garden?
First - All vegetables love sunny place. Only green cultures, to which belongs and onion On the pen, and the perennial bows like the Schitta and Slizun, partially lay down with the half. So, in a small shadow of the house, fence, trees and shrubs, you can sow and plant onions and some herbs. Although you do not get the crop in this case, but nothing else in these places still do not grow.
Second - Compatibility of vegetables: to whom you are good or, on the contrary, bad. Cabstorm not live with tomatoes and beans. Cucumber - with potatoes. Tomatoes - with Fennel. Potato - with tomatoes and pumpkin. Pea and beans are very unpleasant onions and garlic, radish - Issop. Only here the carrots get along with everyone, although in terms of protection against carrot flies it is preferable to sow in the company with onions. This is a speech about bad neighbors.
And good? Here are other examples. All vegetables family of celery (carrots, parsnips, parsley, celery) are well combined with a family of onions: onion, garlic, onion, onion, and a chalot. White and black radish well affect other vegetables. Redisse grows very well between rows of bush beans - it becomes very large, tasty and not worm. Potato does not interfere with live beans, corn, cabbage, horseradish and onions. But each individually, because In this group, several unreasonable couples.
Compatible with cabbage onions, celery, potatoes, dill and salad. Tomatoes can be attached next to the green and cabbage cultures, asparagus and beans. Peas can be coherent with carrots, cucumber, potatoes, radish, corn. Etc.
Third Rule Equally important - it is necessary to take into account that the phytoncides allocated by one plants scare the pests of other cultures or do not give to develop some diseases. For example, onion phytoncides scare the carrot flies, and the phytoncides of carrots are onion. Dill protects cucumbers from diseases, and onions and garlic - tomatoes. If you put near the cabbage strongly smelling plants, for example, celery, a chamber or sage, they will muffle the smell of cabbage and make it less attractive for pests. And basil is not bad to plant about beans to protect against leggings, garlic - near roses to protect against Tly, parsley - near asparagus.
When planning we must also take into account the predecessorsThat is, whether the vegetable comes in the past season on the place where you will plant another. And here again there are numerous schemes! And the most important thing is that you need to learn - it is impossible to plant the same culture on the same place. And, in addition, it is impossible to place cabbage after any cabbage and beets. Beetle - after beet, cabbage and tomatoes. Tomatoes - after all the grated and peas.
Fifthwhat have to take into account - d olgostroy alternation of culture, Perspective for 3-4 years. It is even more difficult here. Agronomy teaches alternating vegetables, taking into account their nutrient needs, in particular, in an organizing. Conditionally in the first year (that is, in a fresh organist) grown cucumber, zucchini, pumpkin, cabbage of the middle and late crime of maturation, sometimes, etc., that is, those cultures under which the organods need to make a lot. On the second year, they are replaced by onions, peppers, tomatoes, potatoes. On the third there comes the turn of rootfodes (carrots, beets, radish, etc.), which have to add a fair portion of mineral fertilizers.
Features of Garden Planning
It turns out everything is even more difficult with the garden, because we plant vegetables every year, and if one year your layout turned out to be unsuccessful, then perhaps the next year everything will be much better.
Trees and shrubs We place for permanent places for a long time, and once planted apple trees will supply you to the fruits of the rest of your life. Therefore, when drawing up a garden plan, you must definitely remove individual constant places for each tree of trees, for vegetables, for flowers and all in advance to calculate, where and what will grow after 10-20 years. And the rules here are also a lot.
Rule first It is available in each group of cultures (fruit trees, berry shrubs, vegetable and decorative cultures) of a permanent place. A common mistake is a combined arrangement of cultures, when vegetables, strawberries, berry shrubs are placed among young trees of apple trees and pears. First, everything is fine: the trees do not occupy a lot of space, light and nutrition is enough for other plants. But over time, trees grow up, and then intermediate crops fall into the shadow, their yield becomes low. Consequently, the first rule of layout of the site is to take a separate permanent place for each culture. Of course, you can temporarily grow berry shrubs, strawberries and vegetables among the strongest wood breedsBut then, when there is a strong blackout, they will have to remove and move somewhere in another place, which you need to think in advance.
Second rule It is to provide for the possibility of updating strawberries, plantations of berry shrubs, cherry trees and plums. Say, strawberries are good fruits in one place for 2-3 years. On the fourth or, in the extreme case, the fifth year of fruiting it must be completely eliminated. Therefore, one bed is released annually to grow vegetables for the next year, and the bedding from under vegetables is planted with strawberries. Therefore, strawberries are more convenient to attract the garden, but to the garden and strawberry ridges to change with vegetables. Bushes of currant, gooseberry and raspberries Theoretically, in one place can be fruitful for a very long time, and everything depends on competent care. It is more profitable for these cultures (from the point of view of their own time) to care good and regularly cut and spray, then in one place, subject to the rejuvenating trimming, they can be fron with 10, 15 years and more. And everything will be fine. And if you care bad, they will not last long, the bushes will weaken from diseases, pests, improper nutrition and thickening, and you will have to look for another place and re-start growing and forming it.
Third rule layout - Respect of the rights of the neighbor. Your trees should not strongly shade the neighboring plot. The distance from the tree trunk to the mezh should be at least half of the generally accepted width of the rods: for stronger trees 3.5-4 m, for the average - 2.0-2.5 m. In the strip between the trees and the international can be planted, gooseberry, raspberry . And in no case should not put tall trees and shrubs at 20 cm from the border, which, alas, are not uncommon.
Fourth rule planning - Reducing the height of plants as the house approaches the house. So that the housing was dry and light, near the house it is necessary to post the lowest plants - Flowers, lawn grass, part of strawberries, vegetables, shrubs, and tall trees to take away, deep into the plot.
Fifth rule - Accounting for the features of certain plants. From berry shrubs on dry, but well-lit places it is better to plant a red currant, gooseberry, and on low, more wet (but not wetlands) - black currant. Malina and sea buckthorn are planted separately in specially highlighted places of the site, since the first gives a lot of root offspring, and the second develops long roots that interfere with the growth and development of other plants; Strawberries are planted in those places where snow is well delayed in the winter. Growing strawberries between fruit trees is undesirable.
The black-like rowan and sea buckthorn look good when landing them with groups closer to home. Lemongrass and Aktinidia land near the wall at home so that there was a wind protection and was able to create reliable vertical supports. Barbaris and Lilac land away from all other cultures (somewhere separately), because Their root allocations do not give life to other plants.
Svetlana Shlyakhtina, Yekaterinburg
By acquiring land plot And making up a plan of the future at home, it is necessary to think about the placement of trees and semi-stares, which are always planted first. This is explained not only by the size of plants, but also a relatively prolonged period of growth to full bloom or fruiting. Of course, put all the decorative and fruit trees on cottage plot It is impossible due to a limited territory, so you have to choose.
And when solving the question, what trees to put on the site, you need to focus on two principles:
- growing conditions: demanding or unpretentious species;
- main purpose, or place in garden landscape (garden, hedge, single landing).
If we talk about fruit trees, the simplest care is required for an apple tree (especially if you purchase a seedling of local selection resistant to common diseases and pests). Sure, unpretentious varieties do not differ high taste qualitiesBut the trouble will not bring. But if you want to surprise your neighbors something exotic, then it is worth thinking about landing yellow plum, actinidia, walnut or peach.
Relatively decorative trees and semi-stares are the same principle. For example, for a living hedge, you can use wild grapes, honeysuckle or lilac droke, with minimal requirements To soil and climatic conditions, and you can decorate a plot, juniper, barberry or hawthorn, for which you need a little more attention.
If you decide to plant a tree at the cottage, then be sure to check the depth of groundwater. Very many trees like fruit and decorative die immediately, as soon as their roots reach water. Such trees include a pear having a deep penetrating root system. At first, the young seedling is actively growing and pleased the owner, perhaps it will even work out to try the first fruits, but then the tree begins to get quiet and squeeze. Inexperienced gardeners complain about illness or poor quality planting material And again buy and plant seedlings of pears.
To plant trees really become durable, you need to take into account the requirement of each breed to growing conditions.
Overview of fruit trees and their features
Many, having a cottage plot, want to plant fruit trees in the garden. For good fruiting They require a high level of illumination, feeding, watering, cropping and preventive treatments from diseases and pests.
Landing Several varieties with one maturation caused favorably on yields. To save space on the site it is better to choose varieties with a compact form of crown on dwarf-winning. Below is a brief description of the main fruit crops According to the most significant parameters.
| Culture | Average life life, years | The average height of the tree, m | Required power area, m | Preferred soils | Permissible depth of groundwater ground, m |
| Apple tree | from 20 to 50 | from 3 to 7 | 3x2 or 6x4 | weakness | from 1 to 3 |
| Pear | 25 | 5 | 5x4 | any | 2 |
| Cherry | 25 | from 2 to 5 | 4x3 | neutral | 2 |
| Sweet cherry | 60 | from 3 to 8 | 4x4 or 8x4 | neutral | 1,5 |
| Plum | 20 | 5 | 4x3 | neutral | 1,5 |
| Alycha | 20 | 2,5 | 3x3 | neutral | 1 |
| Apricot | 40-60 | from 5 to 10 | 5x6 | weakly alkalo | 2-2,5 |
| Kalina | 40 | 2,5 | 2x2 | weakness | 1 |
| Irga | 50 | 2,5 | 3x2 | neutral | 1,5 |
| Honeysuckle | 20 | 1,5 | 2x1 | any | 1,5 |
| Sea buckthorn | 15 | from 3 to 5 | 2x2 | neutral | 1 |
| Rowan | 25 | 7 | 5x3 | weakness | 2 |
| Leschina | 60 | 5 | 4x4 | weakly alkalo | 3 |
When choosing a fruit tree for a summer cottage, not only taste preferences play a large role, but also the climatic zone. For example, Aria is recommended for the northern regions, as well as honeysuckle with sea buckthorn, brought to the middle band of Russia from Siberia.
Heat-loving Alycha, plum, cherry and cherry perfectly succeeded in southern regions. However, breeding does not stand still and many cultures are perfectly adapted in atypical regions due to sustainable suspicion. An excellent example of this is Apricot Manchurian and Apricot Siberian, which are suitable for growing in Siberia and the Far East. And at least such an apricot has a specific non-winy taste, it is quite successful in recycling.
Apricot Manchursky - Adult Tree
For the rational use of the site, you can use vaccination that allows you to have several interesting varieties on one adult tree.
Review of decorative trees and shrubs
Decorative trees carry not only aesthetic function, but they often plant for the shadow in the arbor, to protect against dust from the road, to create a live border along the fence. Features of care depends on the type of plant and the cultivation zone.
There are trees that are undesirable to plant on a private site due to aggressive slips or because of folk admission. Consider the most popular in private landscape design decorative trees and shrubs in terms of peculiarities of care and possible use.
Maple is an ostolized glossum
| Culture | Short description | Using | Note |
| Lipa Melo-Choir | A tree with a height of up to 30 m with a neat oval crown, high frost resistance, does not tolerate drought, the crown is well amenable to formation | Shady tree with pleasant fragrance during flowering period, is a honeymoon, can be used for live swelling or landing along the fence, well delays dust from the road | Lipa at the house in the old gate protects against all diseases and ailments. Young tree does not bloom, first bloom is observed only for 20-30 years of life, the lime color is applied in folk medicine |
| Maple isolate | A tree with a height of up to 6 m with a compact spherical crown, does not need frequent trimming, grows on any soils | Well suitable for creating a shadow near the house or above the artificial pond, often planted along the fence or road | Used in folk medicine and cooking |
| Cherry ordinary | A tree height from 4 to 10 m, known for its snow-white-shaped inflorescences with a bright aroma, undemanding to growing conditions | Due to the scattered wide crown, it is more often planted singing on the edge of the site or in the alleys in the Big Garden | It is impossible to plant close to the house, since its roots destroy the foundation; Gives edible fruits with therapeutic properties |
| Poplar white (silver) | A fast-growing tree with a height of up to 30 m with a spreaded crown, has a light bark and silver leaves, a light-lubricant, salt-resistant, tolerate drought and overvaluing, frost-resistant | Used in single or group landings. For urban landscaping, a pyramidal poplar is used more often, which does not form a fluff, but has a greater height | It is undesirable to plant close to the house due to an aggressive root system, well cleans the air from dust and harmful substances. |
| Catalpa | A thermal-loving tree with a height of 10-15 m with a high spherical crown and an elegant smooth barrel, the inflorescences are large, white, after flowering, long pods producing additional decorativeness are formed, does not tolerate trimming | Single landings in a gazebo or near the house, in a period of blooming a very pleasant aroma exudes, it grows relatively slowly, in the suburbs can be heated | The people are called "pasta tree" |
| Lilac | Abdominal unpretentious shrub height from 3 to 6 m, painting fragrant inflorescences White or lilac different shades requires moderate trimming | Some varieties do not tolerate urban gaspace, so it is undesirable to plant them at the road. Lilac ideal for living hedges | It is considered the people of the defender family well-being and the source of inspiration for creative people |
| Barberry | Spiny shrub height from 1 to 4 m, with a variety of colorful leaves (burgundy, yellow, green, purple), unpretentious in care | Used to create impassable walls of dense prickly branches | Used in folk medicine, recommended for landing at the house |
| Willow | A tree with diluting shoots is growing rapidly, it is easy to trim, tolerates significant overvoltage | Planting in water bodies or on the moistened soils, alive hedges | The symbol of sadness and sadness, in the old days it was considered a bad admission to put the IVI under the window |
The list can be continued for a long time, especially if you cover all varieties and varieties. Breeders successfully cope with the task of "satisfy the requests of each gardener."
Trees, unwanted in the garden plot for old giving
Before planting a tree in front of the house, you can turn to the experience of our ancestors. At first glance, all signs are based on superstitions, but they often have a logical grain.
In the country area, it is not recommended to plant an oak with a strong energy and affecting the chapter of the family. Birch as a protective shield should grow only behind the fence. Walnut can not be squeezed near the house, since his roots can eventually destroy the foundation. Unwanted on the Verba, Iva and Aspen plot, messengers of grief and death.
If there is a bride in the family, then with the landing of the thuu, it is also better to wait. Topol is recommended to plant the territory of the site, away from home.
Review of coniferous decorative trees
Evergreen and fairly unpretentious conifers serve as an indispensable element of the garden of any design.
For small areas of summer cottages, Fir Arizona is suitable with gray-blue cheese (height of up to 2 m) and balsamic fir (dwarf variety). For those who want to grow a big tree, Suitable Korean Fir (up to 15 m).
Fir Korean Silberlock
Dwarf varieties reaching in a height of up to 3 m have a cedar atlas and cedar Himalayan. Cedar Siberian (pine cedar) is used from large-deserved popularity. It grows slowly, but reaches very impressive sizes.
Cedar Siberian (pine cedar)
Larch and spruce more often decorate country houses with a large area pricework. There are varieties of stumbling larch with a height of no more than 2.5 m with a spherical or punching crown. Watching larch glands very effectively: European dwarf variety rehensoil up to 1.5 m with almost fluttering over the ground branches and japanese Pendula with a height of up to 7 m with a delicate green-blue cheese.
Larch Japanese Pendula
Food forms of ate can reach a height of 2 - 2.5 m, which, with slow growth, become acceptable in areas of any sizes. Variety karliko ate With a variety of coloring needles and a lot of crown form, a lot. Most beautiful and originally look blue ate, spectacularly standing out among the rest of the vegetation.
Spruce Blue Huppie
From coniferous shrubs having different shape Crowns, you can note the teasing and juniper. In the landscape design of private sites, dwarf types of juniper with different colors are used (from dark green to silver-blue) up to 8 m high.
Dates of planting trees and buying seedlings
Definitely answer the question when it is better to plant trees, it is difficult. It depends on weather conditions and a specific culture. The optimal duration of planting fruit trees from the group of seeds is the late autumn, and for thermal-loving bone crops the landing is better to hold in early spring. The preferred age of seedlings is 2 years old, but for strollery crops (pear, cherry) it is better to use annual seedlings. The negative side of annual seedlings is not an formed krone, but they are less sick when transplanting and fastened.
Most decorative crops are planting in spring. Moreover, the strict framework "to the dissolution of the kidney" belongs only to seedlings with an open root system. The planting material with a closed root system (in pots or packages) is suitable for landing throughout the spring and even in the summer, but it is more expensive.
By purchasing seedlings on specialized exhibitions and fairs, you need to pay attention to the following points:
- in what form they are sold: seedlings with open and dried roots have small chances to take root on the site; good material is packaged in packages with a small wet room;
- state of the root system: roots must be smooth (without thickening), elastic and without signs of peeling;
- cZT state: kidneys must be swollen, but not dissolved;
- height Star: For fruit 2-year-old seedlings about 50 cm;
Buy landing material is recommended in nurseries that are in each region. Only there you can make sure the seedlings and choose plants adapted for a specific zone. The varieties of fruit trees for the Moscow region and the entire middle strip of Russia are grown in Michurin fruent.
How to plant a garden? This question is asked by everyone who just became owner small plot Earth.
Such a question asks himself and the one who has a mouse (like me) cried in winter trees. Exist different systems Gardening: That's the advantages and disadvantages of each and will be discussed.
Experience ancestors
Our ancestors always grew grass in the gardens. She was made on the hay, she was married to geese and cattle. The fruit trees grew high, but they gave birth not every year and the crops did not give big.What does land use under gardens?
Sena, maybe they received an additionally some amount, and a lot of lepts left a lot of leisher, but the soil after the mouth of herd was so pulled out, so it was compacted that even good rains could give garden trees enough moisture.
The garden is not a place for grazing cattle and birds. Photos from Ogorodnik.com
Earth did not receive necessary number Oxygen, carbon dioxide in it did not delay. The soil was impoverished, because the beveled and eaten herb did not return to it. The conditions in which the soil animals (rainworms, wets, bacteria and others) are able to restore fertility disappeared. Not soil in the garden was obtained, and the road. Does you grow much on the road? That's right, nothing.
Soil processing in the garden
The twentieth century brought new technologies. It is a shovel or forks of all the soil under the garden trees and in the arsects to move too hard and long. But a plow appeared, and gardeners realized that the land in the gardens can be plowing and fertilized every year.
So left bare land in the open sky, without defending it. That is, there was steam in the garden. Yes, it was easy to add humid, manure, compost. But the minuses from the use of this technology turned out to be more:
- the first and main - soil every year became less and less. Not protected, she was simply washed off with rains, especially if the garden was located on the slope (the processing of the Earth in such gardens creates ravines). Even on the plain, the redistribution of the soil occurred, because there are very few absolutely smooth fields in the world, and they, as a rule, are not given to the gardens;
- the second minus - the roots of the trees are located so that the soil fertile layer they use very little, because they are deeper;
- the third - roots of the trees were injured at plowing of rivers (the apple tree stretches 15 m from the trunk). Root system It is difficult to restore, it means that the garde yield falls.
Considering the weighty minuses, it is clear that by such technology Proper to plant the garden will not work.
Parosideral technology
Seeing the problems described above, gardener scientists recommended to reduce plowing depth to 10 cm, and the roots of the trees immediately occupied the available space. Then they decided that the plow was not worth using, switched to processing mills.
It helped the soil partially recovered. At the same time, the Siderats began to search in the arses, so that they were planted. This way of planting and maintaining the garden was called Parosideral.
But we already know that Siderats are not sure to plan. This work can successfully perform rainworms and other soil animals.
Dernovo-humus system
After the war in the US, Canada, Australia, Japan has a new planting system and growing gardens. In our country, she was also tested, and people were convinced of her effectiveness. It turns out that herbs just need to give the opportunity to grow under the trees and in the aisle. To droop the garden square with meat and oatmeal, do not give them to form impassable thickets, stepming, shredding and leaving where they rose. Mow time 6-7 per season. If the rains are much, then more often (this is already from personal experience). But mineral fertilizers do anyway. Dung not to use at all, because the role of compost (and mulch) plays a crushed grass.
What is the effectiveness of the turf-humid system
Such a garden contain simply, cheap. And his yield is great. The roots of the trees are rapidly growing in the soil layer of 10-15 cm, which was previously unavailable due to plowing. So it turned out for the expathere for soil animals. In such a garden, the whole earth remains in place, it rains to wash it away. Harvesting (compared to other landing systems) reaches 20%! Trees, patients with a pair, becomes less. Padalitsa does not fight, it can be used for processing.
Winter hardiness apple trees does not decrease, does not change its own biological rhythm of growth and development of trees. Almost natural agriculture.
Important garden bookmarking
But there is one nuance. It turns out that the landing on the plowed land is correct: let the first two years of life live in the steam system. At this time, the soil must be actively handled and fertilized. Then - sow honeymones that will simultaneously be sites. It is recommended to delay the aisle only in the gardens that have already begun to give yields.
Sometimes they advise not all the aisle to settle herbs, leaving some under the ferry.
How to put a garden at the cottage
This planting system is recommended for private gardens on tiny areas. Just a little simplify it:- do not do at all any preparation and processing of soil in the garden;
- under the trees grow lawn. To mow it on time, leaving the beveled crushed greens where she grew. But the height of the grass must be left a little more than on a decorative lawn.
In a properly planted fruit of the garden, Dernina not only plays the role of the defender, it helps the soil work in natural rhythm and on natural technologies, save water, not suffer from drought. Trees in such a garden do not suffer from the wrong actions of a person, because he does not interfere, but helps them: somewhere through the secret, somewhere with a garter, somewhere the addition of humus (it should be reimbursed by the soil, because the trees give the crop). In the correctly planted garden, the trees of modern varieties should grow (although it is not forgiven to grow and old beloved). If you got a plot with a finished turf (someone grown by a lawn or natural disintegration), then squeeze grass, leave the mulch on the plot. At the site of future rolling circles, remove the turf, dig a holes.
Correct the seedlings correctly, close the trunks of the rolling circles, well. And let your garden protect the nature itself, and it will require minimal labor costs. Now it is clear how to plant the garden right?
Personal landing and garden growing experience
At the time of bookmark the garden, our plot was plowed. I even rejoiced that the trees simply plant, because the soil was prepared. And then I crawled all summer to destroy the Swan. And cope with it to support steam, it was very difficult. Then the seeds of all sorts of weeds flew. Soon it was impossible to carry out such a huge amount of work, and the garden was abandoned. The grass in it grown above the belt, but the lawn was not formed. Only when I bought the motocos, for two seasons managed to cope with annual weeds.
Then we raised the seedy lawn herbs and moved them to the garden, under the trees. Once on the will, they quickly mastered all the space. In the garden we do not go aimlessly, the earth is not in vain, we treat it respectfully. Only for necessary work We have certain paths. Properly planted garden gives us not a huge amount of hard work, but joy and rich yields.
The basis of a healthy yield garden - soil fertility. And from our actions, our choice (we will help or interfere with the soil) depends on which garden we can grow.