Care and cultivation of tomatoes in the open soil. Care of tomatoes in the open soil: secrets of a large harvest

One of the most respected ingredients of vegetable salads, a fan of greenhouses and daily care, "Senor Tomato" is growing great on open Groceries. It is only necessary to find a loyal approach to its cultivation. How to get healthy seedlings Tomatoes, how to plan her landing and with the help of feeding to ensure the presence of everything necessary in the soil - this article will tell about everything, accompanied by photo.

The origin of the plant is the key to its cultivation

It is curious that in an extensive family of grated, such a generous on poisonous forms like a whlen or dope, there are only five truly edible plants. This is potatoes, eggplant, bell pepper, Physalis and tomato. In addition to eggplant, they all come from the South American continent, which fully explains their claims to growing conditions.

In particular, the tomato was exported by Spaniards from Peru. Forming in this region, the plants evolutionally adapted to such climatic conditions, as:

• well-heated, dry mountain air subtropical belt;
• lack of high plants - competitors for light;
• high soil moisture in mountain valleys.

For growing tomatoes need sufficient humidity

Similar conditions in the middle lane are easiest to create in a greenhouse with drip irrigation, but if you try, then open soil Tomatoes succeed in large and juicy.

What to choose a variety

For five hundred years who have passed since the appearance of tomatoes in Europe, a lot of varieties have been derived for greenhouses, and for open plantations. The second is more tolerant to reducing medium daily temperaturescan grow without shower and slightly finish their life cycle. Among the best varieties can be mentioned as follows:

• Riddle. Low ultra-abnormal hybrid with strong shoots and abundant leaf mass. Studently branches, so do not forget to packing, and the crop will receive 2.5 months after sowing seeds.
• Anastasia. Another uludy hybrid with powerful brushes. Fruits are distinguished by a characteristic toring tip.
• Raspberry giant. Possesses the largest fruits among the middle early grades - Everyone can reach 500-700 g. Sustainable to fungal infections.

Among all the varieties choose the one that is suitable for your region

• Roma. Dutch canning variety with small, but smooth fruits, the number of which reaches up to 20 pieces on the brush.
• Mushroom Lukoshko. Mid-line variety requiring steaming and garter. Interested in fruit form: Each tomature, as if consists of two tens of narrow poles. Unusually looks in winter salts.

Attention! Do not try to multiply the hybrids by seeds. The descendants are subject to the phenomenon of splitting the variety and will definitely disappoint you to the expected result.

Healthy seedling - a pledge of a luxurious crop

Remembering the Peruvian origin of the plant, we grind seedlings at a temperature of +25 degrees. If you wish, reject the unsuitable seeds soaked them in salted water: the emerges lost their germination, throw them away. Disinfected in mangartee (20 min) seeds smooth rows sowing in boxes under the film.

Since our tomatoes will live in the open ground, seeds in front of the sowing can be quenched. For this, clumsy seeds are withstanding alternately half the room in the room, half the refrigerator.

The main concern when receiving tomato seedlings is not to give it to stretch. Tomato is very light and in cloudy spring conditions will go to the growth of a long thin stem. We warn this trouble in two ways:

• highlight with luminescent lamps, in the first days of development around the clock;
• calculate the time of sowing in such a way as to plant seedlings under the age of 50-60 days.

Seedling Tomatov

At the stage of the first real leaves, dive seedlings. To subsequently not injure the root system again, planting seedlings into individual cups, from which it is easy to shake, or even in those that will decompose in the soil. They can be made from:

• old newspapers;
• substrates for laminate;
• pieces of greenhouse film;
• sleeves from toilet paper.

Council. Try to raise the seedlings on the coconut substrate. The root system is formed strong and healthy.

The raptitizer is buried in semi-syedoli and for the purpose of prevention from the "black leg" we mulch with the addition of ash. When the daily temperature on the street will translate for 10 degrees, proceed to hardening young tomatoes. To do this, we put them on an open air every day, first only in the shadow, and later on the sunny side.

How to influence the crop conditions of the site and distance between plants

Tomatoes in the open soil must be grown so that they seem like it seems to be around them - the sunny valleys of the Andes. At the permanent place of residence, seedlings are planted when the last frosts will be afraid. On the latitude of Moscow, this end of May, north - beginning of June, south - mid-May.

Council. Plan a fallout seedlings in cloudy weather or in the evening.

The distance between the bushes is chosen given that each leaf should be:

• receive a maximum of light for the formation of sugars;
• freely blow up air to avoid fungal infections;
• being accessible to inspection for mineral fasting or pest lesions.

Space the early tomatoes at a distance of 40 cm between adjacent bushes, late - 50 cm.

Care with love and competently

This we want more fruit tomato more and early, and he does not hurry and seeks to give a maximum of green mass. The problem is solved by stepsing - the removal of unnecessary shoots. In the open soil, the tomatoes form in 1, less often in 2 stems. In the second case, we leave stepsok, happiness to arise under the first floral brush.

In August, pinch the top of the stem to finally stop its growth for the benefit of the ripening of fruits, and also gradually break the lower leaves.

Tomato is demanding on the presence of moisture around the roots, and it is rapidly evaporated through soil capillaries. To avoid this, loose the soil on the beds, breaking the crust on the lumps. Mulching helps: fold peat, sawdust or straw around bushes.

Conduct the studio of tomatoes

Ripening crop rapidly pulls mineral substances from the soil, so do not forget about the removal of weeds - competitors for food - and about feeding. For the processing of 1 square meter of the plantation, we divorce water in a bucket of 10 g of superphosphate and ammonium nitrate and feed:

• two weeks after the seedling landing;
• after the appearance of uncess.

Tomatoes are capable of self-pollution, but for a guaranteed result, it is better to help them: lightly shake bushes or knock on their stems. It is possible to land around the edges of the definitions of a plant-turbine, for example mustard. Bees attracted to them may be visited by tomatoes.

We organize watering competent

The frequency and volume of watering depends on the weather. In the middle of the tomatoes, we water once a week, a pretty mischievous soil on the rivers or under the root. If possible, avoid water from entering the leaves to prevent burns. During the ripening period, we increase the frequency of watering.

The main thing when organizing the volume of tomatoes - regularity. If you take a big break, and then pour a "twice", the plants with greed will begin to absorb water, and this is almost guaranteed to crack the fruit. Better first watering to make a trimmed portion, the next day to pour as it should.

Drip watering Tomatoes

The first ripe, fragrant tomatoes will be ready in mid-August. We remove them as ripening so that they do not interfere with their fellows. If August is cool, you will have to remove the fruits in the brown or even forbid ripeness. Keep them longer - it means to expose the danger of the defeat of phytoofluorosis. But even if the signs of the disease were not found, the tops do not compost, but burn.

Tomatoes were wonderfully acclimatized in the forest zone. Create them conditions close to your relatives, and they will thank the juicy sweet fruits, which will be suitable in the salad, and in vegetable stew, and in the winter marinated assortment.

Admirable, testing various methods growing tomatoes in the open soilLet us dwell on the following that allows you to get a good harvest.

One of the methods planting tomato (tomatoes) in open soil. Soil preparation, seedlings, dive, watering and feeding, as well as useful cultivation tips.

Preparation of soil and sowing tomatoes

Cooking soil for seedlings from autumnStore on the balcony in 50 × 20 cm boxes. The composition depending on the degree of expansion by humus.

A well decomposed humid is mixed with garden earth in proportion 2: 1, less decomposed-1: 1, poultry-1: 2.

300 g. The ash is added to the bucket of the mixture, the half proportion of ash can be replaced with 25 g. Superphosphate, 50 g of superphosphate is made without ash.

Earth in the spring you need to warm up, for 4 - 5 days before seeding, shed a hot heatman solution (2 g per 10 liters of water).

Seeds sort in saline solution (2 tbsp. spoons on 1 l. water), hold 3-5 min , energetically stirring, select the axes, rinse and for 20-25 minutes. omit into a solution of manganese (1 g per 100 g of water), rinse again. Place B. single-sustainable ash solution (2 tbsp. spoons per 1 l. water) for 6 hours. Eye seeds in the middle of a bed of snow and put for 2-3 days in the freezer.

It should be sung with a distance of 3 cm in a row, in the row - 15-2 cm., The depth of the seal is 0.5 cm. Singing in well spilled grooves, fall asleep wet ground (if you fall asleep the earth. Not moisturizing, shoots will be with seeds). Then the box should be covered with a film and put in warm place.

Tomato Care

After the appearance of shoots, the boxes are transferred to the windowsill, the temperature of 5-6 days is not necessary to reduce, during the day to 15-18 ° C , at night up to 8-10 ° C (at a lower temperature, seedlings shine, what to admit early development It is impossible).
Then the temperature must be increased to 22-25 ° F, 10-12 ° C at night.

Peer shoots in the formation phase of the third sheet. The required power area is 10 × 10 cm. Remove the first real sheet, bend the stem clockwise.

Piking better than the evening; During the day, the stem is dehydrated and becomes flexible. It is impossible to plant B. wet ground. After diving, water with a pink solution of manganese. From above mulch dry ground. The box is installed in a place protected from sun rays.

Water with snow water, daily influence of ash, a solution of superphosphate (1 tbsp. A spoon on 10 liters of water), a pink solution of manganese.

Nitrogen fertilizers do not apply.Watering seedlings of tomatoes follows in the morning.

TERMS OF SEVA depend on the variety. Estimal varieties are sown on April 10, the second-day-April 1, late-on-March 20. Part of the seedlings can then be planted for a temporary shelter on May 20-25, sowing for this should be produced 15-20 days earlier than when growing in open ground, but not earlier than March 14.

As soon as the air temperature is installed + 10 ° C, the boxes should be taken to the street or onto the balcony, for 5-10 days to diaten and protect against winds. If there are no frosts, you can leave overnight. Stem is growing, shines, growth slows down.

7-8 days before the landing in the open ground, the seedlings in the boxes are separated into cubes, watered with a solution of superphosphate.

Rechazzle seedlings of tomatoes in open ground

Beds (80-85 cm wide) better not lift over common level, tracks can be easily protruded. On 1 m 2 beds, make a bucket of compost, humoring (bird-less), 20 g of superphosphate and 10-15 g of caliMags (if not made in autumn). Ridges are framed by roller.

A week before the landing, dig a wide groove in the middle, to support it at the rate of 2-3 kg humidiation or compost, one tablespoon (without a slide) of the superphosphate, slightly more ash, by the pinch of the used dry tea and the chopped egg shell on one plant.

The roots lay out in such a way that the tops alongside the lying stems looked at the opposite sides of the plant ridges to lay on the ground lying, the stalks shook, the leaves on the corpusted stem can be removed when landing, leaving a free tip 20 cm.

After landing, it is necessary to pour well, pour out the earth by humus or dry ground. The distance between the plants is 60-70 cm. Between the early 45-50 cm. With such a landing, it is not required to enhance. In the future, it is necessary to loosen the earth, since the roots are formed on the stem along the entire length of the powder.

It cannot be allowed that when watering water falls on the plants, floss is washed off, and the plants begin to root. In order not to evolve the phytoofer, it is recommended to water a solution of manganese (2 g per 10 liters of water) before planting, after the appearance of the first turning and before ripening on the first brush-0.5 liter of the solution on each plant.

Passioning of tomatoes

Pay special attention to pasking. To get the fruits of earlier maturation, you need to form a plant into one stem. When forming 3-4 brushes, the tops should be seen, leaving 2-3 sheets over the last brush. All the formed steps are regularly deleted. Of course, it leads to loss of crop, so this technique can be allowed for several roots.

In Siberian conditions for obtaining good harvest In open soil Middle and lateral varieties should be formed in two stems, leaving the main stem and stepper under the first brush. On this step, floral brushes are laid on a 1-M-3-M or 4th sheet depending on the variety, as well as on the main stem after the first brush bookmark.

Everything steying in sickles leaves It is necessary to remove with a length of 3-5 cm, leaving floral brushes on the main stem and on the stem left of the step. When removing the step should leave the paste. This is not a difficult reception if you react carefully.

At the early grades for earlier preservation of fruits in the formation of a certain number of flower brushes follows ovelast All appearing steying. If you are satisfied with the taste of the ratio, you can connect two receptions-to form into one or two stems and leave no more than four brushes on each of them.

Feeding and watering tomatoes

Well refilled soils do not require nitrogen feeding. As soon as the first brush hills, it is necessary to give a filtering from ash 2-3 times (1 cup of 10 liters of water, consumed by 8-10 bushes) or a weak solution of phosphorus-potash fertilizers (no more than 2 tbsp. Spoons on the water bucket).

Nitrogen fertilizers develop a powerful above-ground part, delaying the crewing of fruits. When the fruits fall and start to sleep, the abundant irrigation is not needed, especially if there was a dry period before that, since the excess of moisture causes the fruit cracking.

In July with hot, windless weather at noon should be shaken flowering plants For better pollination.

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We continue the tomato theme. After reading, I hope you learned something new about tomatoes, about the variety of varieties of this wonderful plant, how to prepare the seeds of tomatoes and the timing of their landing, about the care of the seedle.

In this article we will discuss how to grow excellent yield Tomato on ours dumart sites, subject to plant landing in open ground.

So, the topic of our today's article -

Soil preparation for tomato princes

For a rich crop, we need, first of all, choose our pets a good place. Tomato plants adore an indirect sun and feel great on solar, but covered areas.

• Tomatics predecessors - carrots, cucumbers and onions. And if you put your favorites next to the strawberry - from this will benefit both cultures. Vintage tomato and fragrant berries will rise several times, and the fruits will become larger.

But the places where potatoes grew, eggplants and peppers should be avoided to avoid tomatoes. In these areas, pathogens of various diseases can accumulate.

Our country is huge. And the quality of the soil is different in all regions (even in different fields). And tomato princes are very demanding and whimsical to the ground. Therefore, we need to find out the quality of the soil on our garden.

◊ Check the acidity. In any garden department, you can purchase a test to determine the level of pH. The lower the indicator - the higher the acidity. Neutral land has an indicator 7.0.

• Tomatoes need soil with acidity indicators from 6.0 to 7.0.

In the case of a lower indicator, add lime to soil (0.5-0.8 kg per square meter), if the level is higher - sulfur in the same quantity.

◊ Rate quantity nutrients. Analysis for the presence of trace elements can be ordered and spent in special laboratories. This is very necessary information for gardeners.

It is necessary to ensure that the cultivation of tomatoes in the open soil passed without loss and pleased with a rich harvest.

Nitrogen	Potassium	Phosphorus
It affects the health of tomato leaves. With his shortage, the tomato will have yellowed, sluggish leaves.	This substance gives tomatoes a fortress and health. It increases immunity and resistance to plant diseases. With a shortage of potassium, tomatoes are poorly growing and look cax.	It helps strengthen the root system and regulates the formation of seeds. With its lack of tomatoes give patients, immature fruits.
If there is a lack of nitrogen, add fish flour, compost or inorganic substances to the soil: calcium nitrate, ammonium sulfate or sodium nitrate.	To replenish the lack of potassium, complete the soil with sand, granite dust or wood ash (bucket on sq.m).	To raise the level of phosphorus, add superphosphates, compost and bone flour to the ground.

♦ Compost - The perfect means for the preparation of the soil. He also attracts a variety of earthworms, which perfectly copble with the soil loosening and, in turn, attract and create favorable conditions For parthenogenesis of useful bacteria.

To prepare the land under need to start in the autumn period after careful cleaning of all previous plant residues. The plot selected under the plants is leaving to a depth of up to 30 cm.

• Autumn feeding of soil. At a depth of 20-25 cm we introduce organic (bird litter, humid, peat or compost 5 kg per square meter) or mineral fertilizers (Potash salt 20-25 g, superphosphate 40-50 g per square meter. m.).
• Spring tillage. At a depth of 15-20 cm we introduce a mixture of bird litter 1 kg, wood ash 1.5 kg and ammonium sulfate 20-25 g per square. m. or mineral feeding (superphosphate 55 g, ammonium nitrate 20 g and potassium chloride 15 g per square meter).

For successful Growing tomatoes Earth needs 2-3 times thoroughly (better than forks) and harrow. I will like the tomato plants and humus.

But from the manure it is better to abandon (tomatoes, dismissing null fertilizers, they begin to actively grow to themselves, while the growth of fruits is fetown).

• If the soil is not warm enough, it can be seen a piece of black film or plastic. Black color perfectly attracts the light of the sun and absorbs it, having warmed under the ground.

On the prepared plot for 5-6 days before the landing form the ridges (width 100-120 cm, the height is 15-20 cm) in the direction of north-south. This will help achieve uniform illumination of seedlings.

Stick up the distance between the ridges of about 70 cm (for all varieties).

Cultivation of tomatoes in open soil

As soon as the end of the spring frost comes (usually the end of May is the beginning of June), we will plant young tomatoes in open ground.

Conduct this procedure perfectly into a cloudy, gloomy day. If sunny weather on the street - wait for the evening.

Sit down a young outbreak in two rows with a distance between them with a classic landing:

• For low-speed straps and determinantal species (the width of the range is 40-50 cm, between plants 30-35 cm).
• For the average (the width of the range is 50-60 cm, between the tomatoes 40-45 cm).

Square-nesting landing

This method will greatly facilitate the care of our tomatoes (it will be easier to loosen them), and the plants themselves will create a favorable living conditions: will improve the absorption of nutrients and increase the illumination. As a result, we will achieve a good crop. Look at such a scheme:

• Stumbling and determinant varieties: 70x70 cm, 2-3 plants for one nest.
• Strengthened species with a spreader bush: 70x70 cm, on a pair of plants in one hole.
• Middle and late: 70x70 cm, 1 bustle in one nest. Or 90x90 cm (100x100 cm) - 2 plants.

Tape-nesting landing

This method of cultivation of tomatoes in the open soil makes it possible to place more bushes on one area. They are bought in one hole, it becomes easier to confront bad weather conditions.

As it grows, weaker sprouts are thinned.

• With this method, the irrigation grooves are cut after 140 cm. Plants are planted on both sides of the furrow (from a number of 60 cm, in a number of 70 cm, in a pair of bushes in one socket).

Focus on the final growth of the bush. Ideally for good Development It is necessary to provide one tomorrow about 0.3 square meters. m.

On average for a plot of 100 square meters. m. We will need approximately 340-420 early tomatoes, and late and medium grades 240-290 pieces.

Start landing

First of all, you need to moisten the land in pots or boxes with seedle. This will help to remove them without any problems and will prevent accidental damage to the root system.

Prepared wells for the cultivation of tomatoes in the open soil must have a depth of 10-15 cm.

We water them (water bucket by 8-10 holes) and bring mineral fertilizers mixed with humus (proportion 1x3).

1. Turn the container with seedlings, graze middle and index finger Tomatka trunk and remove it from Tara.
2. In seedlings, we will construct the leaves, leaving only 2-3 sheets from above (it will stimulate root growth).
3. Place the plant with a closer root land vertically in the well and sprinkle with a compost. At the same time, the stem of the tomato should be open. Only roots or soil pot are placed in the ground.
4. Tightly press the earth around the plant and spray compost with dry soil.
5. After planting the soil we mulch (for this, the bevelled, slightly sipped grass, sawdust, straw or the leaves of the newspaper fit). The mulched layer should be about 10 cm high.

When planting tomatoes in the ground will end, we will leave them alone by 8-10. During this period, the plants are coming and mastered in a new place.

While you should not water. But you need to be ready for freezing. To do this, immediately after disembarking, we screw our young tomatoes with a transparent film.

It will remain until the frost threat disappears (for middle strip This is usually happening by June 5-10). In the film, you can make holes with a diameter of 10 cm. This will reduce the risk of phytofluoro infection.

After 10 days, the seedlings water and at the same time put a new one in the place of the deceased. The first dip in the cultivation of tomatoes in the open soil can be made two weeks after planting seedlings.

In the future, we will extort the plants as they are growing.

How to tie tomatoes

Above rows with lined tomatoes, place a pegs with a height of 50-80 cm (depending on the growth of the bush).

Pegs are located on north side, retreating from the stem about 10 cm. We will be taped with every bus with urine or twine.

Plants begin to support when they grow 4-5 a true sheet. In total, 3-4 garters produce 3-4 garters.

Take plants only under a brush with fruits. This allows them to be well covered and get more heat and sunlight, which speeds up and increases yield.

Fruits, not in contact with the soil, are less susceptible to pest attacks and better protected from diseases.

Sleeping method

For the average plants, large-scale and richly fruiting, it is best to use trellis, not garters.

This method of cultivation of tomatoes in the open ground allows to facilitate plant care, harvesting, as well as lengthen the period of fruiting tomatoes. Plants are less likely to fall in fungal infections. This method allows you to efficiently use a piece of garden (especially when it is characterized by a small size).

To do this, set the pillars with a height of about 1.2-1.5 m (the more often the columns are robbed, the stronger the design).

On the poles every 20-25 cm. We take cloves. To them with a twine or wire, attach horizontal specks.

When the tomato seedlings trigs into growth (this will happen two weeks after disembarking), soft twine or cord gently tie the brush of plants to the raids. Continue to support them as it grows every 15-20 cm.

• This method is ideal when growing tall tomatoes in greenhouses (about leaving the greenhouse giants, we will tell you more in another article).

With a warm method, further concern for plants will be very simple: the timely suspension of the fruitless shoots and their steps to rake.

Care when growing tomatoes in open soil

Operation	How often do	Tips
Measking tomatoes (or formation)	Delete side shoots It is necessary to constantly starting with early age plants. By the time the aging of the fruit of stepsing should no longer be.	It is necessary to delete them before reaching the shoots 3-5 cm of length. Best do it in the morning. In the southern, sun edges, you can not remove steps completely, just not to tie them. But in the north this operation is obligatory (leave only 2-3 stems each bush). It is impossible to spend this procedure into a strong heat.
Pod. Tomato	Once every 10 days. The first time we feed Tomatoes in two weeks from the moment of landing.	The first feeder with a solution of cow (1x10) or chicken litter (1x20). Repeated feeders produce mineral fertilizers (nitroposka 60g + water 10l). Quantity: Before flowering, 1 l each bush, after flowering 2-5 liters.
Watering tomatoes	Abundant, but rare watering.	In the spring and at the beginning of the summer, water the tomatoes once a week. In warm summer time Limit one watering in 2-3 days. Water the bushes under the root in the evening.
Spraying	Spray every week, alternating liquid composition. The first spraying immediately after disembarking into open soil (Bordeaux liquid).	Alternate Bordeaux liquid and onion tincture, cooked with their own hands.

How to packing tomatoes. When removing steps, do not pull them out, but gently take out, clasping the index and big finger. Carefully pull them to the lobby and break.

If they have grown too big - cut sharp knife either a razor. First of all, get rid of steps that growing under the brushes (otherwise the tomato can reset the wounded).

For best harvest When growing tomatoes in the open ground, at the end of the summer, pinch the tops of all shoots with fruits.

Also remove the extra floral brushes, where the fruits could not form.

Cooking borobo liquid. In water Gasim negamen lime (100 g) and add water (about 5 l). In another container in a small amount of hot water dissolve copper Kuner (100 g) and add 5 liters of water.

Then the sulfate solution is poured into the haired lime. Proper fluid will have a celestial blue shade.

Just in case, measure the alkaline reaction indicator (Bordeaux liquid should be neutral or weakly alkaline).

• You can use any iron objects to check. If the metal is covered with a layer of copper - you made too acidic solution. You need to add more lime. But do not overdo it, otherwise the fluid will lose their useful qualities.

Preparation of onion tincture. Grind meat grinding onion and garlic (100 g). The mixture is shifted into the tank made of glass with a volume of 3 liters and pour it into ¾ water. Close and insist for 3 days.

Periodically shake it. In parallel in the plastic bucket, pour the bird with a bird litter (200 g) and put it. Before use, both mixtures are mixed and filtered.

For feeding when growing tomatoes in open ground, it is useful to use fermented nettle and ash.

Also, a couple of times in the fruitful season adopt the plants by trace elements (exterminate 5 tablets and stir them in the ½l water, then add 10 l of water). Consumption 1 l for each bush.

Banana fertilizer. Preparing a natural, very useful feeder, enriched with calcium and phosphorus. Such a means is made from the hinders of bananas.

1. The brass tray is caught up with food foil. Over to impose banana peel outside Down (so that it does not stick). Place the tray in the oven.
2. After its roasted and cooling, the peel is crushed into the flour and put in a sealed package.

Sprinkle the earth with banana flour near the roots of plants every two weeks.

To get an excellent yield of tomatoes, you need not just to moisten and feed them. They need pollination.

Pollination of tomatoes

Tomato - self-polishing plant. When growing tomatoes in the open ground, these plants create a lot of high-quality pollen, which is also enough for neighboring flowers.

To help with pollination, attract insect assistants (bees, bumblebees).

To do this, land between tomatoes. Bright annuals of the mednel plants: rape, coriander, basil and mustard. By the way, these cultures improve and the taste of the fruit themselves.

But it does not always work at the tomato self-oat. The reasons may be a lot:

• Reducing the temperature at night (below + 13 ° C). In such conditions, the deformation of the anther.
• Too high daytime temperatures (above + 30-35 ° C). With heat, the flowers fall out, and the pollen grains are dying.
• Features of the Pestka of Some large varieties (He performs outside and pollen misses the stamens). Either too wide pestle.

In such cases, you need to help pollinate our tomatoes. You can tilt down buds with protruding pestle and slightly shake flower. Either it is easy to knock on a sleeper or a blooming brush.

• The best time for artificial pollination is 10-14 hours, at a temperature of + 22-27 ° C. The ideal air humidity is not more than 70%. Pollination procedure Repeat after 4 days.

Immediately after pollination, the tomatoes or spray with water along the flower (so that the pollen adheres to the pestle). Flowers that appeared last, are usually empty and underdeveloped. They are better to remove immediately.

Tomato growing secrets. Amazing tomato has one feature - he is completely unpretentious.

And it may be fruitful even if your care is limited only by watering and weeping.

But the tomato is very responsive. And the more thorough you care about the plants, the more harvest they will give you.

But do not overdo it in your desire to please him. Golden Rule For the cultivation of tomatoes - everything is good in moderation!

Care for tomatoes should be in reasonable, competent limits!

Now, dear my friends, you know how to grow our precious tomatoes in the open soil. Next, we have to learn about the cultivation of tomatoes and about possible difficulties () With their cultivation.

And I suggest to see a small video with several useful advice for the cultivation of tomatoes.

See you soon, dear friends!

Tomato - one and most popular vegetables on dining table. And being in the garden, loves the sun's rays, is not friends with the wind and excessive rains. To grow it, you need to perform some conditions and then reserves will replenish red and juicy home tomatoes. Also red is whimsical to choose a neighbor. Friendly friends with carrots, onions and cucumbers, but do not want to maintain relationships with eggplants, potatoes and pepper.

How to grow tomatoes in the open soil - the preparation of the soil

Tomatoes are important ground with acidity from 6.0 to 7.0. The level is measured by a special test to determine the pH. If the value is low, then lime is added 0.5-0.8 kg per 1. sq.m. With raising - sulfur in the same quantities.

How to grow tomatoes in the open soil - timely watering

Tomatoes watered abundantly and rarely. In the spring and summer, while the weather conditions are not so hot, irrigated 1 time per week. When thorough heat comes, breaks are reduced to 2-3 times. Properly pour water under the root. Better in the evenings, after sunset.

How to grow tomatoes in the open ground - the seedling seedling

The hole is digging a depth of 10-15 cm, watering with water and fertilizes minerals mixed with humus (1: 3). The plant is removed from the drawer, cutting off the leaves, leaving 3 pcs. At the top to stimulate growth. Moisturizing will help extract seedlings from the box. The root is planted in a hole with an earthen room, sprinkled with a compost, dry ground and tightly fit. The land is mounted with a layer of straw 10 cm. Time to master tomatoes around 10 days without watering. In the case of temperature drops, a film with openings of 5 cm, which is covered with a bush. After 10 preparatory days, seedlings are poured or a new one in the place of the deceased.

How to grow tomatoes in the open soil - the bustard

Typicize tomatoes for good development against reloading when contact with damp soil. Near the bush there are pegs, the height depends on full growth Stem (about 50-80 cm). The pegs are driven from the north at a distance of 10 cm from the plant. We are tied up with the help of a rope 3-4 times over the entire period. Baths are tightened under heavy branches.

How to grow tomatoes in the open soil - the formation of a bush

It is also called step-down - from the very early age, side shoots are constantly removed. To the appearance of tomatoes of stepsov should not be. Clean them in the morning when reaching 3-5 cm. Do not pull out correctly, but to break, cut off. Floral brushes are removed in which the fruits were not formed.

How to grow tomatoes in the open soil - feeding

From the moment of landing, after 2 weeks they make one right, and so 1 time in 10 days. The first feeder is a cowber with water 1:10, or a chicken litter 1:20. The following feeders are made by mineral fertilizers, for example, 60 g of nitroposk (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) with 10 liters of water. Before flowering, pour on each bush of 1 l, after - 3-5 liters.

How to grow tomatoes in the open soil - Fighting diseases

Weekly, the tomato is sprayed, and solutions change each time. One week Bordeaux liquid, the other - the layer tincture.

To land, it is good to choose proven varieties, perfectly suitable for the terrain where they will be grown. Seedling is suitable only with strong stems, without lethargy, traces of illness, and with a whole root system. The leaves are not yellow, but dark green, without traces of flowering, so as not to injure the tomato during transplantation. Most of the failures begins with the wrong choice of seedlings, with this process should be careful.

Señor Tomato is a positive hero of culinary creations, unlike the character of the famous cartoon. To enjoy the taste of homemade vegetable, it is enough to know the features of the variety of culture and several rules of growing tomatoes.

Tomato, or Tomato - Annual Either perennial Parenic family. Up to the 18th century did not use food, considering the fruit of tomato to poisonous. Tomatoes are rich in fiber, glucose, fructose and other elements. Tomatoes improve the mood, due to the presence of thiramine substances in them, which in the body turns into serotonin. The use of tomatoes in food increases immunity, improves digestion, lowers cholesterol levels in the blood. Types and varieties of tomatoes: characteristics and classification Depending on the height of the plant, the period of ripening of fruits is distinguished by three main varieties of tomatoes: determinant half-student intemimensional. Determinant varieties Shorty. The height of the bush is from 25 to 150 cm. Tomato bush forms from 3 to 5 brushes with inflorescences, growth is stopped by the last brush. The first brush is formed after 4-5 sheets. The rest grow through 1-2 sheets. Estimated - from 85 to 110 days from shoots to the first harvest. Sit into open ground. Sit down at a distance: 40-60 cm between bushes, 60-70 cm between beds. Depending on the variety and dimensions of the bushes, a more dense landing is possible. Most popular varieties: Dubok, Yamal, Alaska, Sultan, Rocket, Agatha, etc. Seventerminant varieties Tall. The height of the bush is from 150 to 160 cm. May limit growth after formation from 3 to 4 brushes. Association - from 85 to 110 days from germination to the first harvest. Planted in film, winter greenhouses. In the open ground grove in southern areas. Popular varieties: Chirchik, partner Semko, Magnus, Chigan. Intemimensional Grow in the form of Liana, while there is an opportunity. Vintage from 40 to 50 brushes. Form a plant in one stem. Late - ripening over 115 days from shoots to the first harvest. Grown in greenhouses. Located at a distance: 50-60 cm between bushes, 80-90 cm between rows. Such a large distance is caused by the need to encoute high bushes to supports. Popular varieties: Nada, Noah, Star Gold, Christina Plum, Cherokee. Due to the fact that industrialized varieties give a harvest only in the warmth climate and ripen later than determinants, disembarking in open ground to do it inexpedient. Determinants are divided into: Stambling varieties. Possess low growth, strong stem. Do not need to form. The gate of plants is necessary. Determined. Need to form and step-down, i.e. Removing unnecessary shoots. Form in two stems. Superwhermic. Little varieties. Do not require steps, because The crop is tied on steps. Height not more than 0.8 m. Tomato varieties for open soil Early tomato varieties for open soil are all representatives of the determined group. The advantage of this group of tomatoes in the full return of the crop and convenience of care. The most famous low-spirited tomatoes for open soil are: Mystery. Superrazny variety. Ripening fruits on 85 days after seeding. Fruits round, dense, weighing up to 150 g. The growth of plants comes to 40 cm. The bush needs to be paesing, otherwise tomatoes will be small. Anastasia. Ripening fruits per 100-105 day after sowing. The fruit shape is elongated, the mass from 100 to 150 g. The bush can reach up to 130 cm in height. Alpha. Superwaterman grade. Ripening time from 85 to 95 days. The fruits of rounded shape, red, weight up to 120 g. Apply in salads. Aphrodite F1.. Ultrahed variety. Fruption comes on 75 days after sowing. The height of the bush is up to 50 cm. Fruits fleshy, elongated, weight up to 140 g. Valentina. Ripening up to 98 days after sowing. The height of the bush is up to 70 cm. This species is resistant to cracking. Stambling varieties are the most unpretentious species Determinant low grades for open soil. Many varieties have proven themselves as cold-resistant. Highlight best varieties Stambling tomatoes for growing in the open ground: Rose of Wind. Maturation time up to 3 months. Foldful. The height of the bush is not more than 50 cm. Fruits weighing up to 130 g. Sort polar. Ripening time from 94 to 108 days. Height up to 30 cm. The weight of the fetus until 150 g. Betta. Matures for 2.5 months. Bushes high up to 50 cm. The weight of the fetus until 50 g. Dubok. Ripening time from 100 to 110 days. The height of the bush is up to 60 cm. The weight of the fetus from 90 to 130 g. Yamal. Ripening time up to 83 days after shooting. The height of the bush from 25 to 30 cm. The weight of the fetus from 90 to 110 g. Tomato growing stages in open soil Exist whole line Non-hard rules that will help avoid the loss of yield and plant disease. Adhere to these rules is necessary at the stage of autumn soil preparation for landing. Autumn soil preparation Features of the preparation of good soil for growing tomato: The preparation of the soil to start in the fall, to frosts. Estimation of predecessors in the garden. Recommended cultures that could grow in the soil provided for landing tomato: cabbage, pumpkin and legumes, cucumbers, onions, parsley, carrots. During its growth, these plants contribute to the soil of substances that have favorably affecting the growth of tomato. Do not grow tomatoes where potatoes, eggplant, pepper grew to avoid infection common diseases For these crops. Tomatoes are planted after cleaning potatoes in 2-3 years. Checking the acidity of the soil. A good soil for the tomato is the soil with a neutral acidity of 6.5-7.0 pH. Also, tomatoes are ready to measure with the weakness soil. Do not tolerate acidic and alkaline soil. Increased acidity leads to the development of pathogenic bacteria and stopping the useful microorganisms made with fertilizers. To neutralize the acidity of the soil, it is worthwhile to be made to the ground from the calculation of 0.5-0.9 kg of lime per 1 m 2. The cultivation of tomatoes in the ground, in which tomatoes have already grew, leads to a gradual oxidation of the soil, so it is possible to plant tomatoes in 3 years. In order to avoid an oversupplication of calcium, which increases the alkalicity of the soil, make lime better under previous cultures. To acidify alkaline soil, you can use fertilizers containing ammonia, except calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate. The priority will be the soil, where fertilizers were previously introduced (compost, ash, lime). After choosing a place for planting tomatoes, the soil is drunk to a depth of 22 to 25 cm. Soil is not smoothed to accumulate moisture. Contribute organic fertilizersIf the soil has not been fertilized earlier. For fertilizer, you can use humid or compost. Close up of fertilizers to a depth of up to 25 cm. This will serve as the main supply of nutrients for the root system of tomatoes. During fertilizers, it is impossible to mix ash with manure, ammonium sulfate, in order to avoid loss of nitrogen. Mixing ash with superphosphate and lime leads to a decrease in the availability of phosphorus. Selection of tomato seeds for open soil To select a variety of tomatoes, important factors determine: The process of cultivation: reckless or eaten. With a reckless way, it is possible to grow tomatoes only in the southern regions due to large duration The growing season. Slowed into an open-overwear to 20 ° C soil. Growing zone. When choosing seeds should pay attention to the fact that tomatoes should be designed to land in open ground. This is indicated on the packaging. Tomato ripening time. Determine the amount of crop that would like to get. Despite the early term of maturity, some of the rapid varieties of tomatoes are low yield. The goal of crop growing. It can be billets for the winter, preservation, consumption in salads in the latest form, long storage fresh vegetables etc. Seed manufacturers often indicate the assignment of Tomato's variety. The amount of time to care for tomatoes. The size of the grade is narrowed, if there is no time for stepsing, the border and the formation of the bush. Prevention of diseases. Knowledge of the main parameters of the soil, climate, common problems in the region will help choose a steady type of tomato. Form, color, fruit size. There are many beautiful and attractive varieties, seeing who want to try to grow in themselves on the site. Growing seedlings for planting tomato in open ground If it is planned to grow at home, determine the duration of the growing season. This figure adds a period of seed shoots and on the adaptation of the plant. Knowing the desired harvest date, calculate the date of commencement of the preparation of seeds. Preparation of seeds. There are many seed preparation tips, it is heating and processing of seeds in a solution of mangartage, epin, zircon, etc. An important point In this case is caution. It is believed that if the seed itself could not climb at home, the viability of such a plant is questionable. Preparing containers for seedlings. It can be cups, cassettes that need to be disinfected. Tara for seedlings should be with drainage holes for air circulation, in order to avoid the formation of rot. The depth of containers is chosen at least 10 cm. Preparation of substrate. To the quality of the substrate seedlings, tomato is not attracted, you can just buy peat ground, or make it yourself. The substrate is carefully written and moisturized. The seeds are plugged into the soil per 1 cm. After sowing is covered with film tanks. Preparation of space for installing cassettes with seedlings. It should be a bright, warm place. The temperature in the room or the greenhouse is maintained at 23 ° C, before the appearance of the first sprouts. Watering lead only by the sprayer. The soil moisture is tested by hand. After germination of all seedlings, the film is removed. Do it after lunch, to avoid evaporation of moisture. Provide additional lighting. Lighting Do not be located too close to seedlings. Minimum at a distance of 50 cm. Quenching seedlings. After removing the film, the temperature is adjusted: up to + 10 ° С at night, up to + 15 ° F day. Do it all time before landing seedlings in open ground. Choice of purchased seedlings Tomato for growing in the open ground The main rules for choosing seedlings for growing in the open ground: The height of the plant should be no more than 20 cm. A good seedlings for growing low grades has from 6 to 8 leaves, for growing tall, from 11 to 12 leaves. Preference is given to Piced Seedlings. This seedlings are well developed root system. The roots are located along the periphery, and not the rod down. The open soil seedlings are planted hardened. Leaves of such seedlings bright green. The age of seedlings for early varieties of tomato is no more than 60 days, for later - no more than 80 days. The thickness of the seedling stem is usually a little less than a pencil. Thicatus stalks indicate a "reconstruction" of plants with nitrogen fertilizers. The purchase of seedlings make as close as possible by the time of disembarkation, it is recommended two hours before landing in open ground, no more. Seedlings will take and may not be taken. Spring soil preparation In the spring, a week before the planned planting seedlings prepare the soil. They break all the lumps of the Earth and smash the soil to exclude the evaporation of moisture, which has accumulated in winter and spring. During this time, the soil warms up, weeds will begin to appear, which can easily be removed by robbles. Fertilizers contribute. Mineral fertilizers contribute under the people. It can be 20 g of potassium chloride and 80 g superphosphate per 1 m 2. Nitrogen fertilizers are not introduced under the people, because They are needed by plants after adapting and starting growth. Before boarding, the wells are made by the necessary depth of 15 cm. The distances between the wells and rows depend on the variety of tomatoes. Rechazzle seedlings of tomatoes in open ground Planting seedlings are produced when the freezing is minimized, and the plus temperature will be saved during the week. For many areas, this is the first third of June, for some - the beginning of May. The landing area of \u200b\u200btomato into open soil should be solar and ventilated. It can be southern, southwestern, southeast sites. Planting seedlings of tomatoes in the ground is made after the appearance of the first flower brush. At the seedlings at this time should form from 6 to 8 leaves. Usually the age of seedlings ranges from 50 to 60 days, depending on the type of tomatoes. In seedlings, which pulled out strongly by the time of planting, cut off a couple of lower leaves. After such a trimming, seedlings are planted with gluke in the soil, and putting roots At the bottom of the seedlings provide additional nutrition. Prepared wells are poured with water, at the rate of up to 1 liter per hole. Give water to absorb soil. Seedlings with a developed root system put strictly vertically in the wells, plundered to seedy leaves. The stretched seedlings put obliquely and plunged until half the stem. The wells with a seedle are watered and poured with dry ground. The seedlings are not planted where the plants grow, the neighborhood with which can harm tomatoes: potatoes, zucchini, fennel. For the growth of tomatoes, the neighborhood with basil, celery, onions, cherrykhu, favorably affect the growth of tomatoes. Tomato care Periodically remove the bottom leaves of tomatoes, which can lead to stagnation of air at the bottom of the well. Remove no more than three leaves at a time. After the day, the plant should be pouring. The frequency of removal is at least once a week. Rhylans, soil are stolen, taut of at least three times a season. Give the soil on the 12th day after the seedlings landing. Successful temperature for normal development of tomatoes: in sunny weather - up to 25 ° C, in a cloudy - from 18 to 22 ° C, at night - not lower than 15 ° C. Suitable air humidity 65%. During pollination, dry air is important. Watering tomatoes in the open soil Excessive watering of tomatoes is harmful. Purify tomatoes with water room temperature. Watering the tomato in the ground carefully, trying not to get on the leaves and the trunk of the plant. It causes burns. Pour tomatoes in the evening day, except for solar hot days. Watering leads as farm kits enhanced, growing wetting the entire depth of the layer with a humus, fertilizer. Before dipping, during the period of flowering of the first and second brushes, a plant is mandatory. The formation of tomatoes Measking the tomatoes are carried out during the vegetation. Intemerminant plants form in one stem, determinants - in two stems. Steying is removed at a length of 5 to 7 cm. To accelerate the growth and acceleration of ripening, the tomato remove the tops at the shoots that are fruit. Do it in mid-August. At the same time, all the brushes with empty beings are removed. Making fertilizers So as not to harm plants and own harvest Tomatoes are followed by simple rules. Organic fertilizers Organic nitrogen fertilizers Used in limited quantities. Excessive application of manure, compost, biohumus is fraught with the "living" of the tomato, while the stalks become thick, and the leaves are wide. If organic fertilizers were made under the precursors of tomatoes (cabbage, cucumber), then these fertilizers do not contribute to the early tomatoes. Under late varieties Tomatoes make organic fertilizers only autumn preparation Soil. Mineral fertilizers Mineral fertilizers have a positive effect on the growth of tomatoes and lead to continuous vegetation. If the mineral fertilizers are not made before disembarking, they do the first feeding of nitrogen and phosphorus after 2-3 weeks after disembarking. The second feeding of ammonium Selitra is made at the beginning of the formation of the fetus. Mineral substance Meaning in the growth of tomato Signs of lack of substances Nitrogen Accelerated ripening of fruits when using this item together with potassium and magnesium It may occur when tightening with the transfers of seedlings to open ground. At the same time, only the bottom leaves are falling. The plant becomes light green, lagged in growth Potassium An increase in resistance to temperature differences, diseases. Responsible for the formation of large fruits and high yield Potassium lack is accompanied by staining the edges of the leaves in yellow-green and orange color. In the future, the stalk is obsession Magnesium Increases the possibility of binding fruit. Has an impact on their development and growth Leaves fold up and yellow Phosphorus Improved root system. Renders positive influence on the taste quality of fruits, on their number and speed of ripening Rain and cold prevent phosphorus suction. Inside the plant reacts to the lack of phosphorus during the growing season and after the transplantation. During this plant leaves darken, the purple shade becomes, they are subsequently folded. Tomatoes at the same time bugs Overdose fertilizer Excess nitrogen leads to reduced plant immunity, the fetal ripening period increases. Excess chlorine is harmful. In order to avoid this, fertilizers must be made in the form of potassium sulfate. It is impossible to abandon potash fertilizers, tomatoes can get chlorose. In general, during an excess of nitrogen and phosphorus, the number of potassium may decrease, which entails a lack of magnesium and calcium in tomatoes. Cleaning and storage of harvest Since the beginning of September comes the moment when tomatoes are removed from the open soil. In this period a large number of The fruits cease to ripe. Due to uneven maturation, tomatoes are collected daily. Collecting the brown tomatoes allows the bustle to quit all the strength to ripen the green tomato. Browns will be able to reach the houses in warmth and darkness. Fruits are collected without fruits. Store in a dark place at room temperature. In the refrigerator, the ripening process slows down. Stock Foto Tomatoes in open soil The main diseases of the tomato in the open soil Phytoophluorosis. One of the most common diseases of tomatoes. The pathogen is the Mushroom "Phyotoftor". For the development of phytoophulas in tomatoes in open ground, the most favorable conditions. Develops at high humidity 75%, moderately warm weather from 15 to 20 ° C, oscillations of night and daytime temperatures and with abundant dears. All this is observed by the middle of summer. Fruits are affected mainly, rot. The pathogen settles on the soil, on potatoes, on the remains of plants. For prevention, the use of biological and chemicals is possible. Alternariasis. The leaves and fruits are covered with black spots, then completely black. Develops at high temperatures and air humidity. Weather change accelerate the process of developing the disease. In the open soil use and metaxil. Septoriasis (White spot). The lower, the old leaves are illicious first, covered with dark spots, twisted and disappear. Developed at a temperature of +15 to + 17 ° C, air humidity is 76% and higher. Mushroom persists in plants residues. There are no chemical approved measures. Many varieties of tomatoes have a septorize resistance gene. Growing a tomato in an open ground is a painstaking case, but not complicated. The main thing is to comply with simple rules and know the patterns of nature. And then she gives you a generous harvest of this tasty fetus.