Creating your own hands of a monolithic site between the plates. Methods for sealing seams between slabs of overlap for standard and large slots area between plates of overlapping from concrete

Even in professional layout patterns, the monolithic sections between the plates in the complex configuration buildings are often found. Relieve this piece is much easier than to cast a solid slab, since the lower, the top level is default, there is no side formwork, sufficiently lower shield. One option is to use the collection-monolithic overlap of the SMP.

Technology monolithic overlap

In individual construction, a standard height of 220 mm is used more often. This must be taken into account in the reinforcement of the self-made plot, ensuring the minimum possible protective layer 15 - 30 mm. If the monolithic portion between the ceilings will perform above the adjacent, it will take an increase in the thickness of the screed when the floors are finished.

Factory overlaps have emptiness in which it is convenient to stretch the electrocabylon. In the homemade slab of communication, it is necessary to climb before the fill so as not to lose the concrete later. This technique is often used for the manufacture of hatches. If the stairs for stairs are cut into the plates made by the industrial method, the reinforcement scheme is disturbed, the design loses the carrying ability, becomes dangerous for operation.

Opal

The monolithic plot between the plates is poured onto the shield that must be restored from the bottom with racks. The simplest calculations of sections of sawn timber - the most budget option for an individual developer, show that boards, a ram with minimal dimensions can be used for formwork:

In this case, the design will withstand the weight of concrete overlap without sagging, changes in geometry.

The monolithic portion between the ceiling overlap has a side formwork, which are the ends of the railway products laid in place. It remains to be placed under the bottom surface of the board, starting their edges under the existing PC plates, check the flatness, the lack of a deflection in any direction. To do this, perform actions:

After that, the remaining pillars that ensure the horizontal beams, runs, deck boards are mounted between extreme racks. When choosing wood 2 grades, timber bend strength is insufficient. In addition to the lower strapping of pillars, 25 mm boards, necessary to prevent the shift during the pouring, additionally uses a similar strapping at the level of 1.3 - 1.5 m. All poles are crosslined with an "inches" across, along, forming a rigid spatial design.

To facilitate the platform, the struts are used:

they are made less project height
increased slices at the top, which is enough to unscrew when dismantling

When platforming, the lower bars of racks are first dismantled, then the beams with upper pieces of racks are removed. After that, the deck is dismantled with running to it. In the future, the entire sawn timber is suitable for the construction of a rafter system. If you choose wood I grade, you can reduce the costs of the "inches" board on the strapping of the racks in the middle part.

If you need to fix formwork elements to existing walls, it is better to use anchors with metal sleeves. They are easily removed from the masonry after the platform, in contrast to the dowel-nail, the plastic elements of which are almost impossible to remove from the wall.

Deck

At this stage, the monolithic plot between the plates is equipped with deck on top of the runs. The edges of the boards are hardened under the existing ceiling plates, the middle lies on the beams, which ensures the stiffness of the structure.

The slots between the boards are removed from the inside of the formwork (from above), the boards are covered with a plastic film. This will save water in concrete, facilitates the platform, will prevent cracking of the ceiling slab. The boarding structure is convenient for wiring engineering systems - holes of any diameter are dried with crowns, drills without problems on any plot.

With a width of a wetting section, less than 1 m is often used without racks, beams:

The deck is attracted by wire twists through the timber to the lower planes of laid stoves, reinforced, poured according to the standard technology. It is not recommended to punch in the ends of the holes for fittings in the ends, as they weaken the design of the hollow products of the PC. Wire clamps are trimmed with an ush with a flush, part remains inside the monolithic piece.

To improve the overlap resource, fittings are used not lower than A-III periodic cross section (hot-rolled) diameter of 10 - 16 mm. The main nuances of reinforcement are:

Wire 1 - 2 mm is used for mating joints of cells, the nodes are created by manual, mechanical hooks, self-made snap, installed in a screwdriver or a special knitting gun.

The plot between the plates can be rejected by a ready-made mesh-related mesh. In the first case, the size of longitudinal, transverse rods, taking into account 4 cm of the protective layer on each side. The grids knit on flat venues, fit on the deck over the film on the gasket 15 - 30 mm. Concrete bars 10 x 10 cm or plastic stands with cruciform slots for fittings are used.

For the top layer, these devices are not suitable due to small sizes. Here are used clamps, brackets, tables of various shapes, structures. The main task of these elements is the support of the upper mesh in the project position (15 to 30 mm below the plane of the plate).

Homemade fixtures are used to bending the reinforcement. For example, a piece of 50 - 70 cm pipe with welded to one edge, a mandrel 10 - 15 cm will provide the required radius (5 diameters of the bar), will reduce the force.

The plot between the plates may contain the entry nodes of engineering systems. Mortgages, hollow-formers are installed after or before reinforcing depending on the location, configuration, size. For example, 11 cm with sewage crosslinor is better to mount up to laying nets, liner sleeves can be installed at any stage.

Difficult forming agents are necessary for specific communications. Therefore, they are usually made of foam, expanded polystyrene, cutting pieces of the same format to achieve the desired length of 5 cm sheet.

For tough fixation, lack of movements of light polymer fittings, polystyrene foam equipment when filling overlap used Technology:

plugs put on fitting
fixed with self-drawing from below through deck
either the plug is screwed with screws from above
then the fitting is put on it

These areas, fill in their own, can rely on the internal staircase marches. For them you need:

release the reinforcement of the bottom grid
make a layout stage Marsham design with retire landing ground
set ladder / hatch formwork

For the release of reinforcement, it will be necessary to make rugs in a wooden shield with a chain saw. To put on the board on the reinforcement, skipping it into the cuts, to fit the remaining gaps. Steps, recesses are created by screwing to the formwork of narrow slats from the inside.

Fill

Before laying concrete between the slabs of the overlap, it is recommended to cubs the ends of the existing plates to increase the adhesion. The main recommendations for concrete works are:

Concrete contraindicated sunny ultraviolet, hot dry weather, frost. Hiding in bags, sawdust, sand allows you to make the surface without destruction. Film in summer protects against sunlight, in winter it provides the principle of the thermos, while maintaining the heat generating cement during hydration.

The brand of concrete is selected in accordance with the provisions of the joint venture 63.13330 for railway structures:

density - 1 800 - 2 500 kg / m 3
compression strength - from B7.5

Waterproof, frost resistance for designs operated indoors, does not matter much. With independent making of concrete, it is necessary to consider that the probability of cracking is sharply reduced if the filler is used for various fractions with a continuous range of grains. The sand should not exceed 1/3 of the total volume of the aggregate.

After the fill between the slabs of the overlap, the newly made plot can be left. They are grinding with a diamond snap for the USM ("Bulgarian") of a plate type. If the project is laid in bulk, warm floor, screed, butt alignment is not necessary. For better clutch of two adjacent railway structures in the lateral edges of the factory plates can be made in the presence of an appropriate tool.

These excavations when laying concrete are filled with a mixture, two plates are obtained practically monolithic. The quality of the lower edge of the slab is usually inferior to factory counterparts, so it is more common to finish with tension, level ceilings.

Such technology is very convenient in the manufacture of hatches or staircases. These technological holes can be strengthened by diagonally located near them with rods, sharply increase the strength of the reinforced concrete. If you cut the hatch in the factory plate, the integrity of the reinforcement grids is disturbed, which weakens the default design. This is especially true when offseting the opening in the middle of the slab.

The technology of the monolithic portion of the homemade overlap allows you to fill empties when laying the plates without reducing structural strength. Even without prior tension, the plates have a high resource when complying with these requirements.

Before you decide to independently make monolithic areas between slabs of overlapping, soberly appreciate your capabilities, because it is a serious painstaking job. But if you still decided to make a monolith between the plates yourself, then you will have to go through the following stages of installation.

Surface preparation

At this stage you will have to take care that at the right moment you have at hand were the necessary materials and tools. Therefore, about eating you need to take care of in advance.

So to make a monolithic selection site, you will need the following tools: perforator, Tree Self-tapping screws Long with a length of 90 mm, Threaded studs Standard 2 m, nuts, washers, keys Rozhnik and precipitated, Winged drills on a tree 90 cm long, screwdriver, crucifallions Very good quality screwdriver (good quality is required because the edges of poor-quality boking are very quickly erased), hook, bollard with metal discs, circular saw with diamond spraying (for cutting boards along and across the fiber), hammer 800 gram, sledgehammer 3 kg, steel nails in size 120 mm, roulette - 2-3 pieces (roulettes are necessary for carrying out accurate measurements, there must be enough of them, as they often break and lose), carpentine pencil, carpentine corner 50 cm long, carpentry stapler with braces, level.

Moretenance materials are still required: knitting wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm for binding of frames, reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm, a wire with a diameter of no less than 6 mm, cement, gravel, sand, film thickness 100-120 microns, boards 50x150 mm, 5x50 mm boards.

It is also necessary to take care of the means of protection in advance, because you and your assistants will have traumatic work at the height among sticking nails, reinforcements and boards. To protect you, you will need: gloves, closed shoes (building boots or shoes made of tight fabric type of army beans old sample), safety glasses, cap or helmet.

Calculations of construction

Calculation of the collection plate of overlapping.

At this stage, you will need to carry out accurate measurements and calculations to know what and in what quantity you need. First of all, find out what the slabs will be. To do this, we will find out the width of the building and divide it in half, into two equal parts. Immediately determine where there will be a staircase to the second floor, which side will be the rise of a staircase march, and only after that we calculate the size and quantity.

The length of the slab overlap is the width of the house, divided by 2.

The width of the slab overlap can be three standard sizes: 80 cm, 1 m 20 cm, 1 m 50 cm.

We carry out the calculation of the required size and the number of slabs of the overlap, taking into account the fact that there should be a gap in 7 cm between the plates. After everything was calculated and accurately recognized the required size and number of floor slabs, we order them at the factory or from building materials suppliers.

Attention!

Do not forget to consider the gap of 7 cm between the slabs of the overlap! The lack of a gap between the plates will complicate their installation and can subsequently cause deformation.

Production of formwork

Installation scheme formwork.

For the manufacture of formwork, we take a 50x150 mm board and sew the shield from them with a height of 40 cm. On one shield (1 edge of the future formwork) will go 3 boards. It turns out an edge of 45 cm high, where 40 cm is the height of the future and 5 cm - the necessary supply. They cross them with transverse pieces of 5x50 mm boards and 40 cm long. There are these boards, called blooms, along the entire length of the shield every 40-50 cm. Remember: the first and last smells should be not closer to 10 cm from the edge of the pin edge. We fasten a bloom with boards with self-strokes with a length of 90 mm using a screwdriver at the rate of 3-4 screws to 1 crosslinkable board. Then, align the edges of the panel with a circular saw with a carpentry corner.

It will take 3 such prefabricated panels, they will become the edges of the formwork.

Installation scheme formwork.

To perform this stage of work, a team of 3-4 people will need.

To facilitate the assembly, put one shield as a base. Under each bloumb, we install the strut so that there is nothing under load.

Breeping to the base of the formwork of the rib. Ribs are fastened with what width we need beam. The beams of three sizes are allowed: 35, 40, 45 cm. With the required width of 35 cm, both side ribs are flushing. With the required width of 40 cm flush, only one edge of two collectors is put. If the beam is needed 45 cm wide, the ribs are fasten without using this reception. All fasten with self-tapping screws.

As a result, we turned out a box of three teams in the place where the future beam will be located.

Figure 4. Types of fixing ribs to base. A - 35 cm, b - 40 cm, in - 45 cm.

Now we harm the strut from the reinforcement. They will be needed in order to withstand the desired size of the beam and prevent the messengers. Just cut the reinforcement into pieces of the desired length (35, 40 or 45 cm).

After that, we proceed to the upholstery of the resulting box with a film from the inside, while using a joiner stapler with brackets. It is necessary in order to prevent unnecessary water loss from concrete and avoid the appearance of shells. If this is not done, concrete will lose a lot of moisture together with sand and cement. After drying on the outer edges of the beams, gravel will be very much. The surface of the beam will be all covered with strong roughness and irregularities, grumps and depressions, so-called sinks. Such a beam will be poorly, and it will have to remake it.

Installation of prefabricated metal structures

The diagram of the reinforcement frame.

Start knitting the frame on Earth. We make 8 veil lengths from the reinforcement (the length of one vein is equal to the length of the future beam).

Now we make from the wire M-6 clamps that bend manually. From a solid piece of wire, you need to make a square from a given length of its sides. Thus, the 35x35 cm beams need a clamp with 30 cm sides, for the 40x40 cm beams, we make 35x35 cm clamps, for the beam 45x45 cm - 40x40 cm, cm. Such sizes of the clamps are necessary in order to after installing it to formwork it . Remember: the minimum distance between the formwork wall and the clamp should be 2.5-3 cm, not less!

This is necessary so that in the end, the metal parts of the clamp did not appear on the surface of the beam. If the metal will be bought on the surface of the beam, then it is precisely in this place that the corrosion of the metal and the destruction of concrete will begin, and hence the beam itself.

The ends of the clamp combine the mustache, that is, there must be the overlap of the ends of the clamp, which fasten with each other double knitting wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm.

Wire folded twice, getting a double knitted wire. It is such a wire that needs to bind the ends of the clamp.

Knowing that the clamps should be located along the entire length of the beam at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other, it is easy to calculate their required quantity.

We collect a frame. To do this, each side of the clamp is binding a double knitting wire of 2 veins at an equal distance from folds and between each other. Clamps located on the veins at 40-50 cm from each other. The distance between the clamps must be withstanding necessarily.

We put the finished frame in the installed box, trying not to damage the film. If suddenly the film was damaged, then nothing terrible, just close the hole with another piece of film and secure it with a stapler.

Sometimes for various reasons you have to do veins from pieces of reinforcement of different lengths. There is nothing terrible in it, the construction technology allows it. Just take another piece of reinforcement and tie it with a double knitted wire over the place of connecting two parts of the vein, while the flax length should be 60 cm in each direction. This immediately explains why builders prefer to make veins from whole pieces of reinforcement, and not to collect them from pieces. After all, if you collect from pieces of different lengths, it turns out a strong overrun of the building material. And this work is carried out when the frame is already inside the box.

After we take a drill on a tree and taking into account the fact that the pressure of the concrete goes from below, we make holes equal to the diameter of the hairpin, at 15-20 cm from the bottom of the box. We make 1 through hole at the bottom of each blunder. We cut the studs on the length you need.

The length is calculated like this: the width of the support beam + two thicknesses of the board + two thickness of bloumb + two threads for screwing nuts with washers. The resulting studs insert into the box.

Now we take pre-prepared pieces of fittings - struts. We set them from above each stud. We twist the studs to the easy stop strut so that they keep.

We take the level and equalize the formwork vertically earth so that it does not behave after compression. All deviations in one direction or another are eliminated by side spacers. Installation of studs and installation of spacers is one of the important prefabricated stages of the design.

After setting the strut, check everything again, only after that attach all the supporting boards to the formwork with nails or self-drawing.

Now proceed to hanging the carcass. To hang the frame, it needs to be tied to studs. It is easiest to do this using a height template - a small 2,5х2,5x -30-patch box with a size. Everything is simple: put the height pattern under each clamp and latter it to the hairpin in the touch of double knitting wire. After fixing the last clamp, the frame will be suspended in the air.

After that, all check and inspect. It is impossible to allow tensions of the film or the touch of clamps with the walls of the box. Then pinch the transverse rails to stitch the formwork board. From the bottom of the base, measure the height of the beam and driven nails along the entire length of the box at this height. These nails are beacons, concrete will be poured on them.

Now check the strength of the lower and lateral spacers, they must freely withstand a decent weight. If you have doubts, add more supports. Remember: concrete has a high density. The slightest symbol - and the design will collapse under the weight of concrete.

I was convinced that everyone did everything right, then boldly pour concrete.

For the manufacture of beams, the M300 or M350 brand cement is used, which is best to buy ready, as the beam must be pouring at once without a break. If there is no such possibility, hire a large concrete mixer so that in place in one receive to disperse the entire required volume of concrete.

After 3-5 days, with good weather, the concrete will dry, with a bad process of drying will take longer.

After complete, you can proceed to dismantling the wooden formwork and the installation of the slabs themselves.

Monolithic sections between overlap plates

Scheme of the monolithic section.

Surface preparation

At this stage you will have to take care that at the right moment you have at hand were the necessary materials and tools. Therefore, about eating you need to take care of in advance.

So, to make a monolithic selection site, you will need the following tools: a perforator, a tank-long screw with a length of 90 mm long, threaded studs are standard 2 m, nuts, washers, keys of the roar and precipitant, winning drills on concrete, drill on a 90 cm long drill screwdriver. Crusad-shaped bits on a very good quality screw (good quality is required because the edges of poor-quality bokets are very quickly erased), hook, bollard with metal discs, circular saw with diamond spraying (for cutting boards along and across the fiber), hammer 800 gram, Sledge hammer up to 3 kg, steel nails in size 120 mm, roulette # 8211 2-3 pieces (roulettes are necessary for carrying out accurate measurements, there must be enough of them, as they are often broken and lost), carpentine pencil, carpentine angle 50 cm long, Joiner stapler with brackets, level.

Calculations of construction

Calculation of the collection plate of overlapping.

At this stage, you will need to carry out accurate measurements and calculations to know what and in what quantity you need. First of all, find out what the slabs will be. To do this, we will find out the width of the building and divide it in half, into two equal parts. Immediately determine where the staircase is on the second floor, which side will be the rise of the staircase march, and only after that we calculate the size and number of slabs of the overlap.

Length of the slab overlap # 8211 This is the width of the house, divided by 2.

The width of the slab overlap can be three standard sizes: 80 cm, 1 m 20 cm, 1 m 50 cm.

Do not forget to consider the gap of 7 cm between the slabs of the overlap! The lack of a gap between the plates will complicate their installation and can subsequently cause deformation.

Monolithic area between two plates width 980 mm (download DWG drawing)

Sometimes you have to make wide monolithic sections between overlap plates. They must be calculated according to the current loads. The drawing developed a monolithic portion of 980 mm wide, based on two wetting plates. The conditions for such a monolithic area (load, the principles of reinforcement, etc.) are detailed in the article by the monolithic section between the two prefabricated plates.

Monolithic plot between two prefabricated plates

Such a monolithic plot works as a stove, based on adjacent prefabricated plates. To do this, it has its workforce-curved workforce, the diameter of which depends on the width of the site (the calculated length of the plate of this section) and the load on the overlap. Longitudinal fittings - constructive, it creates a reinforcing grid, but the load does not carry. At the top of a wide monolithic site, an anti-pixel mesh is also stacked from smooth reinforcement of small diameter.

The figure shows examples of reinforcing two monolithic sections in housing (without any additional loads in the form of warm floors and brick partitions).

As you can see, the sections are of different widths, but setting the goal of performing a wide monolithic area based on the plates, you must always check, and whether its slabs will withstand it. This is the most important point in the design of monolithic sites. The carrying capacity of the ceiling slabs is different (from 400 to 800 kg / m 2 - without taking into account the weight of the slab).

Suppose we have two prefabricated plates with a width of 1.2 m, between which there is a monolithic portion with a width of 0.98 m. The bearing capacity of the plates of 400 kg / m 2. i.e. One mongon meter of such a plate can withstand 1.2 * 400 \u003d 480 kg / m.

We calculate the load on 1 mongon meter of the plate from the monolithic area with a thickness of 220 + 30 \u003d 250 mm \u003d 0.25 m. The weight of the reinforced concrete is 2500 kg / m. 3. Reliability coefficient for load 1.1.

0.25 * 1.1 * 2500 * 0.98 / 2 \u003d 337 kg / m.

We divided into two, because The monolithic area is based on two plates, and each of them has half of the load.

In addition to the weight of the monolithic site, we have a load on the slabs from the floor design (140 kg / m 2), from partitions (50 kg / m 2) and temporal load on the weight of people, furniture, etc. (150 kg / m 2). Multiplying it all on the coefficients and on the width of the plate plate, and adding the load from the monolithic site, we will receive the final load on each column plate:

1,3 * 140 * 1.2 / 2 + 1.1 * 50 * 1.2 / 2 + 1.3 * 150 * 1.2 / 2 + 337 \u003d 596 kg / m 480 kg / m.

We see that the load turned out more than can withstand the stove. But if you take a slab with a carrier capacity of 600 kg / m 2. Then one mongon meter of such a plate can withstand 1.2 * 600 \u003d 720 kg / m - the reliability of the design will be provided.

Thus, you should always check the supporting capacity of the plates depending on the dimensions of the monolithic portion, the width of the plate and loads, on it affecting it.

Monolithic overlap area with oblique angle. The reinforcement frame for the slab with a bevel. Concrete works for a monolithic plate with a bevel. Holding concrete and care for it.

Reinforcement work SNiP 3.03.01-87 Bearing and enclosing structures, GOST 19292-73. Instructions for welding reinforcement compounds and mortgage parts of reinforced concrete structures CH 393-78. Guidelines for the production of reinforcement work. And other applicable regulatory documents.

Concrete works should be performed in accordance with the requirements and recommendations SNiP 3.03.01-87 Carriers and enclosing structures.

Composition of concrete mix. Preparation, acceptance rules, control methods and transportation must comply GOST 7473-85 .

In the production of construction work reinforced concrete monolithic structures The requirements should be followed SNiP 3.03.01-87 Bearing and enclosing designs and the relevant sections of safety regulations given in SNIP III-4-80. working drawings and instructions of the PPR - project production project.

1. Monolithic area of \u200b\u200boverlapping with oblique angle (mind-1).

In houses. where construction is planned with angular wall transition at an angle of not 90 °, as usual, but, for example, 45 ° - overlapping are performed in the monolithic version .

You can, of course, take a conventional reinforced concrete plate and knock out the desired bevel plate, and cut the reinforcement.

But this is fraught with the fact that if the reinforced concrete plate is made with a stressed reinforcement frame (and most often and make on the plants of the concrete - such a frame requires less consumption of reinforcement), then in such a trimmed form the stove will lose its carrying capacity. And then maybe immediately burst During such circumcision.

NOTE: Stressful armature frame - This is a frame, whose rods clap in special form. and then, heated, pulled out to the desired size.

Next it welded by transverse frames. Flipped with concrete and dried in a steady chamber. Trimming rods from fixed shape performed already when the stove was in the finished video. Those. reinforcement rods in concrete stretched as guitar strings. Well, if the string breaks - you yourself know what happens.

Therefore, everything what does not fit into standard sizes industrial reinforced concrete products and structures, performed in the monolithic version At the construction site of the house. In our version monolithic plate is an continuing precast concrete slabs .

2. The reinforcement frame for the slab with the bevel (mind-1).

Manufacture reinforcement frame and grid must execute According to the drawings and have accurate location welded elements. Replacement provided by the project reinforcement steel in class, brand and sorting agreed with the project organization.

Technological manufacturing process reinforcement carcass Provides:

edit and cut steel armatures, wire. supplied in motki diameter 3 ... 14 mm and in rods diameter 12 ... 40 mm on the rods of measured length
edit (flexible) and shock welding rods to the desired size
weld grid and carcasov
enforcement assembly (Welding and mating wire) volumetric reinforcement blocks
transportation and installation karkasov on a construction site.

Armature frame of a monolithic section Um-1. performed According to the dimensions indicated in the scheme (see Fig.). And it consists of s-2 grids and two reinforcement frames K-1. interconnected reinforcement rods from the same steel A-III. .

Reinforcement grids We need cooking point welding. For frame and grid used armature According to the specified tab 1.

Table 1: The specification of reinforcement for the frame of the monolithic slab overlap.

Creating your own hands of a monolithic plot between the plates

- Installation of supports and formwork
- Formation of reinforcement lattice
- Concrete mix and her fill
- Finishing recommendations

Construction of a private house # 8211 Task is complex and time consuming, in which it is necessary to perform a variety of types of work. For example, it may be necessary to pour a monolithic area between the floors due to the fact that it is not possible to form the overlap completely from the slabs by the project. This happens very often in cases of formation of staircases or, if necessary, laying between plates of a variety of communication elements. To form a monolithic area between the plates is quite possible with your own hands. Although this work and time-consuming, but fully executed, if you adhere to all construction standards and rules.

If necessary, laying between plates of a variety of communication elements, you can create a monolithic area between the plates with your own hands.

In the process of forming a monolith plot between overlap plates, it is important to correctly perform the following work:

install backups and form a formwork
shape the reinforcement grid
prepare a concrete mix
completely pour concrete.

The correct execution of these types of work will create a durable and reliable portion of monolith between overlap plates in the required place.

Necessary materials and tools

Given the fact that the work on the device of the concrete section of the overlap consist of different stages, each of them needs to prepare a number of materials. The list of such materials can be varied due to different factors, including how much the distance between the slabs must be pouring. The standard list is as follows:

The horizontal support for formwork is laid on the wooden beams.

plywood or boards to create a direct surface for pouring solution and side formwork, construction film
wooden beams or metal channels for creating a horizontal support to which plywood or male pallet will be laid
bar (120-150 mm), wooden beams or chapellers to create bearing supports under the formwork
reinforcement rods (15-25 mm), wire for binding, metal chairs to install reinforcement rods at the required height (can be used and reinforced grid)
cement M400, Sand, Crushed, Water For Concrete Solution
concrete mixer
circular for cutting bars, boards, plywood, as well as metal reinforcement rods
shovel, tool for pinching, trowel or rule to align the surface of the surface of the ceiling between the plates, the protective film for covering this site.

The number of all materials depends directly from the distance between concrete slabs you need to block and which area as a whole occupies the monolithic section of the overlap. Usually, in private houses, such a block of overlapping is not very large, so its formation is not too complex task. However, at the same time, it should still be followed by a clear poetting and rules for working with construction materials and structures.

Stages of work on the formation of a monolithic section between overlapping plates

The monolithic area of \u200b\u200boverlapping between the plates is formed approximately as well as any monolithic overlap. Given the small area of \u200b\u200bsuch a plot, work, of course, is simplified, but adhere to all construction standards and rules is necessary. Therefore, whatever distance between concrete slabs is flooded, all stages of work must be carried out carefully, from which it will depend on the reliability of the monolithic design being created.

Construction of a private house - a task complex and time-consuming, within which a variety of works need to be performed. For example, it may be necessary to pour a monolithic area between the floors due to the fact that it is not possible to form the overlap completely from the slabs by the project. This happens very often in cases of formation of staircases or, if necessary, laying between plates of a variety of communication elements. To form a monolithic area between the plates is quite possible with your own hands. Although this work and time-consuming, but fully executed, if you adhere to all construction standards and rules.

In the process of forming a monolith plot between overlap plates, it is important to correctly perform the following work:

install the backups and form a formwork;
shape the reinforcement grid;
prepare a concrete mix;
completely pour concrete.

The correct execution of these types of work will create a durable and reliable portion of monolith between overlap plates in the required place.

Necessary materials and tools

plywood or boards to create a direct surface for pouring the solution and side formwork, construction film;
wooden beams or metal channels for creating a horizontal support to which plywood or a hobbling pallet will be laid;
bar (120-150 mm), wooden beams or channels to create bearing supports under the formwork
reinforcement bars (15-25 mm), wire for binding, metal chairs to install reinforcement rods at the required height (can be used and reinforced grid);
cement M400, sand, crushed stone, water for a concrete mortar;
concrete mixer;
circular for cutting bars, boards, plywood, as well as metal reinforcement rods;
shovel, tool for pinching, trowel or rule to align the surface of the surface of the ceiling between the plates, the protective film for covering this site.

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Stages of work on the formation of a monolithic section between overlapping plates

The monolithic area of \u200b\u200boverlapping between the plates is formed approximately the same as any. Given the small area of \u200b\u200bsuch a plot, work, of course, is simplified, but adhere to all construction standards and rules is necessary. Therefore, whatever distance between concrete slabs is flooded, all stages of work must be carried out carefully, from which it will depend on the reliability of the monolithic design being created.

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Installation of supports and formwork

First we form a formwork for a monolithic area, which should have such mechanical and strength characteristics so that a long period to keep a large mass of a concrete solution, which will dry out long enough.

Installation of the formwork is made as follows:

We form the bottom of the formwork. To do this, you can first take a sheet of plywood or boards and fill them on the beams used as bearing elements for the bottom. The distance between the slabs of the overlap, the required fill, is not usually very large in a private house. In this regard, form the bottomwork is very simple. Before the formation of the reinforcement lattice, it is desirable to be seen by the construction film or even a simple runner.
On both sides, the side boundaries of the monolithic plot will be the slabs of the overlap. With the third - usually the wall is located. Therefore, the side of the formwork will require the use of one simple board. Even if it is necessary to install the side formwork on both sides - it will not be much difficulty.
Under the bars or boards used as the main retention elements of the bottom, we bring vertical supports and fasten them in such a way as to completely eliminate the possibility of scoring the bottom of the formwork from the carrier vertical supports. Often, it is even used to use a solid. However, in the context of private construction, without special reference equipment, it is possible to fix individual parts of the formwork with the help of nails, brackets, etc.
It is extremely important that the bases of the bearing support of the formwork firmly relied in the floor plane. For this, it may be necessary to raise the soil, put some tiled or suspension material, etc. It all depends on which sex at the construction site at the time of the creation of the monolithic overlap site.

Having created a reliable formwork and make sure of its strength, you can proceed to the next stage of work.

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Formation of reinforcement lattice

No matter how small the monolithic section is created between the ceiling slabs, it must be burned. If between the slabs of overlapping the distance of more than 1.5 meters, then it is desirable besides the reinforced reinforced reinforced reinforced grid. With the small gap, there will be enough two layers of the lattice of the rods.

The reinforcement grille is simply formed:

We cut off the rods of the required length at the calculation of the formation of the reinforcement lattice with a step of 15-20 cm. Binding the rods with a wire. We form two layers of such a reinforcing lattice.
When using the reinforcement grid, the first layer of the lattice laying on special metal "glasses", lifting the grid by 5 cm from the bottomwork bottom. Then lay the mesh and put another layer of the reinforcing lattice over it.
A small plot between overlapping plates can be reinforced using a conventional rod frame - without a grid. Forming a frame is necessary in two layers, so that each of them is 5 cm is removed from the edge of the slab of the overlap. All work can be carried out without a welding machine. Just associating a rod with a conventional metal wire.

Sometimes you can meet the recommendation that the reinforcement bars must be inserted into the holes, drilled in advance in the slabs. Do not do this. The monolithic portion created will be based on the mounting grooves that necessarily exist along the side planes of any models of slab slabs. Such mounting grooves are longitudinal, round (in the form of a glass). They are enough to ensure reliable support for the monolithic concrete site between the stoves.

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Concrete mix and her fill

Getting Started with a concrete mortar, you need to make sure there is enough materials necessary for it. Calculating what amount it is necessary to pour, it is necessary to calculate how much cement, sand, rubble and water will be required for the preparation of the solution. This is done on a simple formula. For the average size of the monolithic section, concrete brand 200 will suit. For private construction, it will be enough to use cement M400 for the knead of this brand of concrete. The calculation of 1 m³ of such a solution is made from the following mass indicators of all materials:

280 kg of cement M400;
740 kg of sand (approximately 0.55 m³);
1250 kg rubble;
180 liters of water.

Calculate how many meters of cubic solution you need everything, very simple, because the monolithic area is usually rectangular parallelepiped. And having prepared all the necessary materials, you can proceed to the kneading solution in the concrete mixer.

When working with a concrete mixture, you should adhere to a few simple rules:

do not exceed the rated boot of concrete mixer;
install the concrete mixer exclusively on a flat surface;
unload the finished solution first into a separate container, and then evenly transfer it to the required place.

The latter rule is not relevant if the solution is supplied directly from the concrete mixer to the formwork prepared by us under the site of intercutrine monolith. In addition, it is very important that no more than 2-3 hours passed between the individual stages of the pouring of the solution. If the plot is not wide, it is best to do everything for one fill. After filling the solution in the formwork, it is necessary to disperse the surface of the filled site by rule or trowel. It is very convenient to use a flat board with a focus on the ceiling plates between which the monolithic portion is poured.

Provide their laying with seams of 15 mm, that is, practically an online jack. Regulatory literature prescribes a device of monolithic areas with reinforcement when the distance between the plates is 300 mm.

For seams of seams between slabs of overlap must be applied concrete on fast-hardening portland cement or portland cement M400 or higher on fine aggregate. The size of the aggregate grain should not be more than a third of the interpute gap and three quarters of the size in the light between reinforcing rods. In the concrete mixture it is necessary to introduce plasticizers and grasp accelerators.

If the standard seams turned out between the plates of 10-15 mm wide, then it is usually for the bottom of the seam that is arranged in the form of "cone", put the rod of the reinforcement, and is poured with a solution.

Close up non-projective joints up to 300 mm

If the width of the seams between adjacent plates does not exceed 300 mm, close this seam relatively simplyThe choice is several ways to fill seams.

Method 1

From the bottom of the neighboring plates with the help of spacers, we set the board or sheet of plywood, the overlapping gap is a formwork;
On top of the formwork, you can put a piece of roofing material or film, then there will be no traces of concrete on the formwork, and it can be used further;
The gap between the plates is poured with a solution;
We are waiting for a set of concrete strength for 3-4 weeks, the formwork is removed.

Method 2

If it is not possible to bring formwork from below, you can do non-removable formwork from galvanized roofing steel 0.8-1 mm thick in terms of gap between plates, with supporting on the top edge of the plate (trough). The side surface profile of the plates will provide an additional space and stiffness to a monolithic area.

Method 3.

Another way to seal the seams of a non-removable formwork - from the strips of steel thickness from 4 mm and a width of 5 cm make mounting parts by the gap profile, as in the previous case, relying on the front surface of the plates, put these mounting parts in 0.5 m along the plate length. On the bottom (in the plane of the bottom edge of the plates), we put the band from galvanized roofing steel, plywood or plastic, concreting. This method provides a reliable clutch of a monolithic area with plates.

Method 4.

If there was a pair of defective plates with an incorrect location of the side locks, when the excavation turns out to be at the bottom, they can be installed next to the 03 cm gap.

Monolithic sections width more than 300 mm

In case the gap between the plates from 100 to 300 mm, we perform a monolith with reinforcement. Options are also possible here.

Option 1

Used in the case when device formwork it is impossible.

We establish carrying bars with a cross section of 40x100 mm on the edge, with 1 m increments, laying on adjacent plates;
To the carrier bars with wire twists, fastening the shields of formwork;
We close the formwork with roofing material or film;
We establish the reinforcement frame on the glasses so that the valve is above the formwork at 30 ... 50 mm;
Concrete.

Option 2.

Upon the possibility of fixing the formwork, the bottom can be used for the device carrying fittings.

Construct formwork;
We make from the reinforcement A1Ø8 ... 12 (depending on the width of the clearance), the mounting parts, given that between the bottom of the formwork and the reinforcement there should be a distance of at least 30 mm;
On the bottom of the formwork lay the protective material;
Install the mounting details;
Put the reinforcement or reinforcement frame;
Concrete.

Do not agree on the sealing of the gap between the wall and the slab with light concrete cellular blocks (foam concrete, ceramzite concrete, etc.) - they do not possess the required bearing ability. With the placement of furniture along the walls on this section of the floor there is a large load, this will lead to the destruction of the blocks and the need for the cost of repairing overlap.

Plots between the wall and stove are close in the same way.

In this story, it is told not only about the sealing of the seams, but also about the anchoring of the plates among themselves:

Sealing seam ceiling on the bottom

Interputer seams - Rusts on the mounting are filled with concrete, then the ceiling is ground, shit and paint, if another finish is not provided.

The sequence of sealing rusts

Before concreting the seams are thoroughly cleaned from dust and residual solutions with a metal brushFor better adhesion solution to the plate, the side surfaces can be branded.

The cooked fresh concrete solution is discharged into the container and deliver to the place of operation;
With a small width of Rusta, the fill is performed at a time, with a large width of the site - in several layers, but not more than 2 ... 3 hours;
The concrete section of a small width is pinned, with a large - seal with a vibrator;
The first week the surface of the monolith is wetted daily;
After 28 days, formwork is removed.

Uneven shrinkage at home

It is unpleasant when cracks appear on the ceiling. Often it happens because ::

Uneven sediment of the building;
Incorrectly selected brand of concrete;
Poor-quality concrete.

Let us dwell on the causes of uneven precipitation. It may occur in the case of:

Constructive flaws - incorrectly projected foundation;
Foundation devices excluding geology, ground freezing depth and groundwater depth;
Poor quality work on the construction of the foundation and masonry of the walls;
Low-quality building materials.

To understand the reason for the appearance of cracks, it is necessary to order construction expertise.

Decorative ceilings

The protective layer of concrete with a thickness of 30-50 mm should ensure the absence of rust spots on the ceiling from the reinforcement, but sometimes this layer is ineffective. From the observation of spots on the ceiling, traces of leakage and cracks of the rust, the best means is a device of a suspended, tail or stretch ceiling.

Decorative ceiling is the best solution if you need to level the ceiling surface. He will close all the construction flaws and give the completeness of the interior. If desired, reduce the height of the room is suitable for multi-level or suspended ceilings from drywall, acoustic slabs or combined from various materials.

In the rooms of a small height, tube or stretch ceilings are performed. Here the champion - a stretch ceiling, which "eats" only 3-5 cm of the room's height.

Any problem finds its solution. Seaming seams between, even with a large width, does not constitute a large constructive or technical problem. From the proposed options it is easy to choose a suitable case.

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