Pressure testing of gas fire extinguishing pipelines. We create the pipeline of the gas fire extinguishing system correctly

What is the difference between freon and freon?

Freon is one of the designations for freons, and both of these terms are often used to classify the same substances. However, there is still some difference between them. Freons include refrigerants created on the basis of exclusively freon-containing liquids or gases. Freons, however, include a wider group of substances, which, in addition to freons, include refrigerants based on salts, ammonia, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. The term "freon" is more often used in the post-Soviet space, while the use of the designation "freon" is more typical for non-CIS countries.

Why are the scales and the back-up module always included with the gas automatic fire extinguishing system?

In gaseous fire extinguishing agents (GFFS), mass safety is monitored using scales. This is due to the fact that the activation of the control device when used in the GEF liquefied gases should be triggered in the event of a decrease in the mass of the module by no more than 5% in relation to the mass of the gaseous extinguishing agents in the module. The use of compressed gases in GFFS is characterized by the presence of a special device that controls the pressure, which monitors that GFFS leakage does not exceed more than 5%. A similar device in a GFFS based on liquefied gases monitors possible propellant gas leaks to a level not exceeding 10% of the pressure readings of the propellant gas charged into the module. And it is by periodic weighing that control over the safety of the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing substances in modules with a propellant gas is carried out.

The reserve module is used to store 100% of the stock of extinguishing agent, which is additionally regulated by the corresponding set of rules. It should be added that the control schedule, as well as a description of the necessary technical means for its implementation, are indicated by the manufacturer. These data must be present in the description of the technical data supplied with the module.

Is it true that gases used in automatic fire extinguishing systems as a fire extinguishing agent are harmful to health and even deadly?

The safety of certain fire extinguishing substances depends, first of all, on compliance with the rules for their use. An additional threat of gas extinguishing agents may be the gas extinguishing agent used (GFFS). To a greater extent, this applies to inexpensive GFFS.

For example, freons and carbon dioxide (CO2) -based gas extinguishing agents can create some pretty serious health problems. So, when using the Inergen GOTV, the conditions for human life are reduced to several minutes. Therefore, when people work in an area with installed equipment gas fire extinguishing the installation itself operates in manual start-up mode.

Of the least dangerous GFFS, Novec1230 can be noted. Its nominal concentration is one third of the maximum safe concentration, and it practically does not reduce the percentage of oxygen in the room, being harmless to human eyesight and breathing.

Do I need to perform pressure testing for gas fire extinguishing pipelines? If so, what is the implementation procedure?

Pressure testing of gas fire extinguishing pipelines is necessary. According to the regulatory documentation, for pipelines and pipeline connections, it is required to maintain strength at a pressure of 1.25 times the maximum pressure of the GFFS in the vessel during operation. At a pressure equal to the maximum operational values \u200b\u200bof the GFFS, the tightness of the pipelines and their connections is checked for 5 minutes.

Before pressure testing, pipelines are subject to external inspection. In the absence of inconsistencies, the pipelines are filled with a liquid, most often water. All commonly installed nozzles are replaced with plugs, except for the last one located on the distribution pipeline. After filling the pipe, the last nozzle is also replaced with a plug.

In the process of pressure testing, a gradual rise in the pressure level is carried out in four stages:

• the first - 0.05 MPa;
• the second - 0.5 P1 (0.5 P2);
• third - P1 (P2);
• the fourth - 1.25 P1 (1.25 P2).

When the pressure rises at the intermediate stages, a hold is made for 1–3 minutes. At this time, with the help of a manometer, the readings of the parameters at the moment are recorded with confirmation of the absence of a decrease in pressure in the pipes. Within 5 minutes, the pipelines are kept at a pressure of 1.25, after which the pressure is reduced and an inspection is performed.

The pipeline is considered to have withstood pressure testing if no cracks, leaks, swelling and fogging are found, and there is no pressure drop. The test results are documented by the relevant act. Upon completion of the pressure test, the liquid is drained, and the pipeline is purged with compressed air. Air or inert gas may be used instead of liquid during testing.

What kind of freon to fill the air conditioner in the car?

Information about the brand of freon to be filled in this air conditioner can be found on the back of the hood. There is a plate where, in addition to the brand of freon used, its required amount is indicated.

You can also determine the brand of freon by the year of manufacture of the car. Air conditioners of cars until 1992 were filled with R-12 freon, and later models - with R-134a refrigerant. Some difficulties may arise with cars produced in 1992-1993. During these years, there was a transition period from one brand of freon to another, so one of these brands could be used in car air conditioners.

In addition, both variants of the filling fittings for each of the brands of freon are quite different from each other, as well as the protective plastic caps.

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"Pressure testing of pipelines of fire extinguishing installations" can be found in the following category: "Design and maintenance of fire extinguishing systems."

The technical and economic comparison showed that it is more expedient to use isothermal modules for liquid carbon dioxide (MIZHU) to protect premises with a volume of more than 2000 m3 in the UGP.

MIZHU consists of an isothermal CO2 storage tank with a capacity from 3000 l to 25000 l, a locking and starting device, devices for monitoring the amount and pressure of CO2, refrigeration units and a control cabinet.

Of the UGPs available on our market, which use isothermal tanks for liquid carbon dioxide in their composition, MIZHU of Russian production surpass foreign products in their technical characteristics. Isothermal tanks of foreign production must be installed in a heated room. MIZHU of domestic production can be operated at a temperature environment up to minus 40 degrees, which allows the installation of isothermal tanks outside buildings. In addition, unlike foreign products, the design of the Russian MIZHU allows the supply of CO2, dosed by weight, into the protected room.

Freon nozzles

For uniform distribution of GFFS in the volume of the protected room, nozzles are installed on the distribution pipelines of the UGP.

The nozzles are installed on the pipeline outlets. The design of the nozzles depends on the type of gas supplied. For example, to supply the refrigerant 114B2, which under normal conditions is a liquid, two-jet nozzles with impact jets were previously used. At present, such nozzles are recognized as ineffective. Regulatory documents recommend replacing them with bounce-type or centrifugal nozzles, providing a fine spray of 114B2 freon.

Radial-type nozzles are used to supply freons of type 125, 227ea and CO2. In such packing, the flows of gas entering the packing and exiting gas jets are approximately perpendicular. Radial type nozzles are subdivided into ceiling and wall. Ceiling nozzles can deliver gas jets to a sector with an angle of 360 °, wall nozzles - about 180 °.

An example of the application of radial-type ceiling nozzles as part of AUGP is shown in fig. 2.

Arrangement of attachments in the protected area is carried out in accordance with technical documentation manufacturer. The number and area of \u200b\u200bthe outlet openings of the nozzles is determined by a hydraulic calculation taking into account the flow rate and the spray pattern specified in the technical documentation for the nozzles.

AUGP pipelines are made of seamless pipes, which ensures the preservation of their strength and tightness in dry rooms for up to 25 years. The used pipe connection methods are welded, threaded or flanged.

To preserve the flow characteristics of pipelines over a long period of operation, the nozzles should be made of corrosion-resistant and durable materials... Therefore, leading domestic firms do not use coated aluminum alloy nozzles, but only use brass nozzles.

The right choice of UGP depends on many factors.

Let's consider the main of these factors.

Fire protection method.

UGP are designed to create a non-combustible gas environment in the protected room (volume). Therefore, there are two methods of fire extinguishing: volumetric and local volumetric. In the overwhelming majority, the volumetric method is used. The local in terms of volume method from an economic point of view is beneficial in the case when the protected equipment is installed indoors large areawhich according to regulatory requirements does not need to be fully protected.

NPB 88-2001 provides regulatory requirements for a local volumetric method of fire extinguishing only for carbon dioxide. Based on these regulatory requirements, it follows that there are conditions under which a local fire extinguishing method is economically more expedient than a volumetric one. Namely, if the volume of the room is 6 times or more higher than the conditionally allocated volume occupied by the equipment to be protected by the APT, then in this case the local fire extinguishing method is more economically profitable than the volumetric one.

Gas extinguishing agent.

The choice of a gas extinguishing agent should be made only on the basis of a feasibility study. All other parameters, including the effectiveness and toxicity of GFFS, cannot be considered as determining for a number of reasons.
Any of the GFFS approved for use is quite effective and the fire will be extinguished if a standard fire extinguishing concentration is created in the protected volume.
An exception to this rule is extinguishing smoldering materials. Research conducted at FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia under the leadership of A.L. Chibisov showed that the complete cessation of combustion (flaming and smoldering) is possible only when three times the standard amount of carbon dioxide is supplied. This amount of carbon dioxide allows you to reduce the oxygen concentration in the combustion zone below 2.5% by volume.

According to the regulatory requirements in force in Russia (NPB 88-2001), it is forbidden to release a gas extinguishing agent into the room if there are people there. And this limitation is correct. Statistics on the causes of death in fires show that in more than 70% of deaths, deaths were caused by poisoning by combustion products.

The cost of each of the GFEA differs significantly from each other. At the same time, knowing only the price of 1 kg of gaseous extinguishing agent, it is impossible to estimate the cost of fire protection for 1 m 3 of volume. It can be said unambiguously only that protection of 1 m 3 of volume with GFFS N 2, Ar and "Inergen" is 1.5 times more expensive than other gaseous extinguishing agents. This is due to the fact that the listed GFFS are stored in gaseous fire extinguishing modules in a gaseous state, which requires a large number of modules.

UGP are of two types: centralized and modular. The choice of the type of gas fire extinguishing installation depends, firstly, on the number of protected premises at one facility, and secondly, on the availability of free premises in which the fire extinguishing station can be placed.

When protecting 3 or more premises at one object, located at a distance of no more than 100 m from each other, from an economic point of view, centralized UGP is preferable. Moreover, the cost of the protected volume decreases with the increase in the number of rooms protected from one fire extinguishing station.

At the same time, the centralized UGP, in comparison with the modular one, has a number of disadvantages, namely: the need to fulfill a large number of requirements of the NPB 88-2001 to the fire extinguishing station; the need to lay pipelines through the building from the fire extinguishing station to the protected premises.

Gas extinguishing modules and batteries.

Gas fire extinguishing modules (MGP) and batteries are the main element of the gas fire extinguishing installation. They are designed for storage and release of GFFS into the protected area.
MGP consists of a cylinder and a locking and starting device (ZPU). Batteries, as a rule, consist of 2 or more gas extinguishing modules, united by a single factory-made collector. Therefore, all the requirements that apply to IHL are the same for batteries.
Depending on the gas extinguishing agent used in the UGP, the IHP must meet the requirements listed below.
IHL filled with freons of all brands must ensure the release time of the GFFS not exceeding 10 s.
The design of the gaseous fire extinguishing modules filled with CO 2, N 2, Ar and Inergen should ensure the release time of GFFS not exceeding 60 s.
During the operation of the MGP, control of the mass of the filled GFFS should be ensured.

The mass control of freon 125, freon 318C, freon 227ea, N 2, Ar and Inergen is carried out using a manometer. When the pressure of the propellant in the cylinders with the above-listed freons decreases by 10%, and N 2, Ar and Inergen by 5% of the nominal MGP, it must be sent for repair. The difference in pressure loss is caused by the following factors:

With a decrease in the pressure of the propellant gas, the mass of freon in the vapor phase is partially lost. However, this loss is no more than 0.2% of the originally charged freon mass. Therefore, the pressure limitation equal to 10% is caused by an increase in the release time of the GFFS from the UGP as a result of a decrease in the initial pressure, which is determined on the basis of the hydraulic calculation of the gas fire extinguishing installation.

N 2, Ar and "Inergen" are stored in gas fire extinguishing modules in a compressed state. Therefore, a decrease in pressure by 5% from the initial value is an indirect method for the loss of mass of GFFS by the same value.

The control of the weight loss of the GFFS displaced from the module under the pressure of its own saturated vapors (freon 23 and CO 2) should be carried out by a direct method. Those. the gas fire extinguishing module, charged with freon 23 or CO 2, must be installed on the weighing device during operation. At the same time, the weighing device must ensure control of the mass loss of the gaseous extinguishing agent, and not the total mass of the GFFS and the module, with an accuracy of 5%.

The presence of such a weighing device provides that the module is mounted or suspended on a strong elastic element, the movements of which change the properties of the strain gauge. An electronic device reacts to these changes, which gives an alarm signal when the parameters of the load cell change above the set threshold. The main disadvantages of the strain gauge device are the need to ensure the free movement of the cylinder on a solid metal-consuming structure, as well as the negative influence of external factors - connecting pipelines, periodic shocks and vibrations during operation, etc. The metal consumption and dimensions of the product increase, and installation problems increase.
In the modules MPTU 150-50-12, MPTU 150-100-12, a high-tech method for monitoring the safety of GFFS is used. An electronic mass control device (MCM) is built directly into the locking and starting device (ZPU) of the module.

All information (weight of GFFS, date of calibration, date of service) is stored in the memory of the UKM and, if necessary, can be displayed on a computer. For visual control of the ZPU module is equipped with a LED that gives signals about normal work, a decrease in the mass of GFFS by 5% or more, or a malfunction of the CCM. At the same time, the cost of the proposed gas mass control device as a part of the module is much less than the cost of a strain gauge weighing device with a control device.

Isothermal module for liquid carbon dioxide (MIZHU).

MIZHU consists of a horizontal tank for storing CO 2, a locking and starting device, devices for monitoring the amount and pressure of CO 2, refrigeration units and a control panel. Modules are intended for the protection of premises with a volume of up to 15 thousand cubic meters. The maximum capacity of MIZHU is 25 tons of CO 2. The module stores, as a rule, a working and reserve supply of CO 2.

An additional advantage of MIZHU is the ability to install it outside the building (under a canopy), which allows significant savings production area... In a heated room or in a warm block-box, only MIZHU control devices and UGP switchgears (if any) are installed.

MHP with a capacity of cylinders up to 100 liters, depending on the type of combustible load and the filled GFFS, allow you to protect a room with a volume of no more than 160 m 3. To protect larger rooms, the installation of 2 or more modules is required.
A technical and economic comparison showed that it is more expedient to use isothermal modules for liquid carbon dioxide (MIZHU) to protect premises with a volume of more than 1500 m 3 in the UGP.

The nozzles are designed for uniform distribution of GFFS in the volume of the protected room.
Arrangement of nozzles in the protected room is carried out in accordance with the technical specifications of the manufacturer. The number and area of \u200b\u200bthe outlet openings of the nozzles is determined by a hydraulic calculation taking into account the flow rate and the spray pattern specified in the technical documentation for the nozzles.
The distance from the nozzles to the ceiling (floor, suspended ceiling) should not exceed 0.5 m when using all GFFS, except for N 2.

Pipe routing.

The routing of pipelines in the protected room, as a rule, should be symmetrical with an equal distance of the nozzles from the main pipeline.
The pipelines of the installations are made of metal pipes. The pressure in the pipelines of the installation and the diameters are determined by hydraulic calculation according to the methods agreed upon in the prescribed manner. The pipelines must withstand the pressure during strength and tightness tests not less than 1.25 Rrab.
When freons are used as GFFS, the total volume of pipelines, including the manifold, should not exceed 80% of the liquid phase of the working stock of freon in the installation.

The routing of distribution pipelines of installations using freon should be carried out only in the horizontal plane.

When designing centralized installations using freons, one should pay attention to the following points:

• connect the main pipeline of the room with the maximum volume should be closer to the battery with the GEF;
• when connected in series to a station battery collector with a main and reserve stock, the most distant from the protected premises should be the main stock from the condition of the maximum release of freon from all cylinders.

The correct choice of the UGP gas fire extinguishing installation depends on many factors. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to show the main criteria influencing the optimal choice of the UGP and the principle of its hydraulic calculation.
Below are the main factors influencing the optimal choice of the UGP. First, the type of combustible load in the protected premises (archives, storage facilities, radio-electronic equipment, technological equipment, etc.). Secondly, the size of the protected volume and its leakage. Thirdly, the type of gas extinguishing agent GOTV. Fourthly, the type of equipment in which the GFFS should be stored. Fifth, the type of UGP: centralized or modular. The latter factor can take place only when it is necessary to protect two or more premises in one facility. Therefore, we will consider the mutual influence of only four of the above factors. Those. on the assumption that the facility requires fire protection for only one room.

Of course, the correct choice of UGP should be based on optimal technical and economic indicators.
It should be especially noted that any of the GFFS approved for use extinguishes a fire, regardless of the type of combustible material, but only when a standard fire extinguishing concentration is created in the protected volume.

The mutual influence of the above factors on the technical and economic parameters of the UGP will be estimated from the condition that the following GFFS are permitted for use in Russia: freon 125, freon 318C, freon 227ea, freon 23, CO 2, N 2, Ar and a mixture (N 2, Ar and CO 2) having trade mark "Inergen".

According to the storage method and control methods of GFFS in the gas fire extinguishing modules of the MHP, all gaseous fire extinguishing substances can be divided into three groups.

The 1st group includes freon 125, freon 318C and freon 227ea. These freons are stored in LHP in liquefied form under the pressure of a propellant gas, most often nitrogen. Modules with the listed freons, as a rule, have a working pressure not exceeding 6.4 MPa. The control of the amount of freon during the operation of the unit is carried out using a pressure gauge installed on the MGP.

Freon 23 and CO 2 make up the 2nd group. They are also stored in a liquefied form, but are displaced from the GHP under the pressure of their own saturated vapors. The working pressure of the modules with the listed GFFS must have an operating pressure of at least 14.7 MPa. During operation, the modules must be installed on weighing devices that ensure continuous control of the mass of Freon 23 or CO 2.

The 3rd group includes N 2, Ar and Inergen. The GOTV data are stored in the IHL in a gaseous state. Further, when we evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of GFFS from this group, only nitrogen will be considered. This is due to the fact that N2 is the most effective GFFS (it has the lowest fire extinguishing concentration and at the same time the lowest cost). Control of the mass of GFFS of the 3rd group is carried out using a pressure gauge. N 2, Ar or Inergen are stored in modules at a pressure of 14.7 MPa or more.

Gas extinguishing modules, as a rule, have a cylinder capacity not exceeding 100 liters. Modules with a capacity of more than 100 liters in accordance with PB 10-115 are subject to registration with the Gosgortechnadzor of Russia, which entails a fairly large number of restrictions on their use in accordance with the specified rules.

The exception is the isothermal modules for liquid carbon dioxide MIZHU with a capacity of 3.0 to 25.0 m3. These modules are designed and manufactured for storing carbon dioxide in gas fire extinguishing installations in quantities exceeding 2500 kg and more. MIZHU are equipped with refrigeration units and heating elements, which allows maintaining the pressure in the isothermal tank in the range of 2.0 - 2.1 MPa at ambient temperatures from minus 40 to plus 50 degrees. FROM.

Let us consider with examples how each of the 4 factors affects the technical and economic indicators of UGP. The mass of the GFEA was calculated according to the method described in NPB 88-2001.

Example 1. It is required to protect electronic equipment in a room with a volume of 60 m 3. The room is conditionally sealed. Those. K2 \u003d 0. The calculation results are summarized in table. one.

Table 1

The economic justification of the table in specific figures has a certain difficulty. This is due to the fact that the cost of equipment and GFE for manufacturers and suppliers has different costs. However, there is a general tendency that with an increase in the capacity of the cylinder, the cost of the gas extinguishing module increases. The cost of 1 kg of СО 2 and 1 m 3 N 2 is close in price and two orders of magnitude less than the cost of freons. Analysis of the table. 1 shows that the cost of UGP with HFC 125 and CO 2 are comparable in value. Despite the significantly higher cost of Freon 125 as compared to carbon dioxide, the total price of Freon 125 - MHP with a 40 l cylinder will be comparable or even slightly lower than the set of carbon dioxide - MHP with an 80 l cylinder - weighing device. It can be unambiguously stated that the cost of UGP with nitrogen is significantly higher in comparison with the two previously considered options. Because requires 2 modules with maximum volume. Would need more space for placing 2 modules in a room and, of course, the cost of 2 modules with a volume of 100 l will always be more than a module with a volume of 80 l with a weighing device, which, as a rule, is 4 - 5 times less expensive than the module itself.

Example 2. The parameters of the room are similar to example 1, but it is required to protect not the electronic equipment, but the archive. The calculation results similar to the 1st example are presented in table. 2 is summarized in table. one.

table 2

Based on the analysis of the table. 2 can be said unequivocally, and in this case, the gas fire extinguishing unit with nitrogen is much higher in cost than gas fire extinguishing installations with freon 125 and carbon dioxide. But in contrast to the 1st example, in this case it can be more clearly noted that the lowest cost is for UGP with carbon dioxide. Because with a relatively small difference in cost between MHP with a cylinder with a capacity of 80 liters and 100 liters, the price of 56 kg of Freon 125 significantly exceeds the cost of the weighing device.

Similar dependencies will be traced if the volume of the protected premises increases and / or its leakage increases. Because all this causes a general increase in the number of any type of GFEA.

Thus, only on the basis of 2 examples it can be seen that it is possible to choose the optimal UGP for fire protection of the premises only after considering at least two options with different types of GFFS.

However, there are exceptions, when the UGP with optimal technical and economic parameters cannot be applied due to certain restrictions imposed on gas extinguishing agents.

Such restrictions, first of all, include the protection of especially important facilities in an earthquake-prone area (for example, nuclear power facilities, etc.), where the installation of modules in earthquake-resistant frames is required. In this case, the use of freon 23 and carbon dioxide is excluded, since modules with these GFFS must be installed on weighing devices that exclude their rigid attachment.

When fire protection premises with permanently present personnel (air traffic control rooms, rooms with control panels of nuclear power plants, etc.) are subject to restrictions on the toxicity of GFFS. In this case, the use of carbon dioxide is excluded, since the volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air is fatal to humans.

When protecting volumes of more than 2000 m 3, from an economic point of view, the most acceptable is the use of carbon dioxide charged in the MISU, in comparison with all other GFFS.

After carrying out a feasibility study, it becomes known the amount of GFFS required to extinguish the fire and the preliminary amount of IHL.

The nozzles must be installed in accordance with the spray patterns specified in the technical documentation of the nozzle manufacturer. The distance from the nozzles to the ceiling (ceiling, suspended ceiling) should not exceed 0.5 m when using all GFFS, except for N 2.

Piping should generally be symmetrical. Those. nozzles must be equidistant from the main pipeline. In this case, the consumption of GFFS through all nozzles will be the same, which will ensure the creation of a uniform fire extinguishing concentration in the protected volume. Typical examples symmetrical piping is shown on fig. 1 and 2.

When designing piping, you should also take into account the correct connection of the outgoing pipelines (rows, bends) from the main pipeline.

A cruciform connection is possible only if the GFW flow rates G1 and G2 are equal in magnitude (Fig. 3).

If G1? G2, then the opposite connections of rows and branches with the main pipeline must be spaced in the direction of movement of the GFFS at a distance L exceeding 10 * D, as shown in Fig. 4. Where D is the inner diameter of the main pipeline.

No restrictions are imposed on the spatial connection of pipes in the design of pipe routing of the UGP when using GOTV belonging to the 2nd and 3rd groups. And for the pipe distribution of the UGP with the GOTV of the 1st group, there are a number of restrictions. This is caused by the following:

When freon 125, freon 318Ts or freon 227ea are pressurized in MHP with nitrogen to the required pressure, nitrogen partially dissolves in the listed freons. Moreover, the amount of dissolved nitrogen in freons is proportional to the boost pressure.

After opening the locking and starting device of the ZPU of the gas fire extinguishing module under the pressure of the propellant gas, the freon with partially dissolved nitrogen flows through the piping to the nozzles and through them goes into the protected volume. At the same time, the pressure in the system (modules - piping) decreases as a result of the expansion of the volume occupied by nitrogen in the process of displacing the freon, and the hydraulic resistance of the piping. There is a partial release of nitrogen from the liquid phase of the freon and a two-phase medium is formed (a mixture of the liquid phase of the freon - gaseous nitrogen). Therefore, a number of restrictions are imposed on the pipe distribution of the UGP using the 1st group of GOTV. The main purpose of these restrictions is to prevent stratification of the two-phase medium within the piping.

During design and installation, all connections to the UGP piping should be performed as shown in Fig. 5a, 5b and 5c

and it is forbidden to perform in the forms shown in Fig. 6a, 6b, 6c. The arrows in the figures show the direction of the GFFS flow through the pipes.

In the process of designing the UGP in an axonometric view, a pipe layout is performed, the length of the pipes, the number of nozzles and their elevation marks. To determine the inner diameter of the pipes and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe outlet openings of each nozzle, it is necessary to perform a hydraulic calculation of the gas fire extinguishing installation.

Control of automatic gas fire extinguishing installations

When choosing the optimal control option for automatic gas fire extinguishing installations, it is necessary to be guided by the technical requirements, features and functionality protected objects.

Basic schemes for building control systems for gas fire extinguishing installations:

• autonomous gas fire extinguishing control system;
• decentralized gas fire extinguishing control system;
• centralized gas fire extinguishing control system.

Other options are derived from these generic schemes.

To protect local (detached) premises for one, two and three directions of gas fire extinguishing, as a rule, it is justified to use autonomous gas fire extinguishing installations (Fig. 1). An autonomous gas fire extinguishing control station is located directly at the entrance to the protected room and controls both threshold fire detectors, light or sound alerts, and devices for remote and automatic start-up of a gas fire extinguishing installation (GPT). The number of possible directions of gas fire extinguishing according to this scheme can reach from one to seven. All signals from the autonomous gas fire extinguishing control station are sent directly to the central dispatching post to the station's remote display panel.

Fig. one.Autonomous gas fire extinguishing control units

The second typical scheme is a scheme for decentralized control of gas fire extinguishing, shown in Fig. 2. In this case, an autonomous gas fire extinguishing control station is built into an existing and operating complex security system of an object or a newly designed one. Signals from the autonomous gas fire extinguishing control station are sent to address blocks and control modules, which then transmit information to the central dispatching post to the central fire alarm station. A feature of decentralized control of gas fire extinguishing is that in the event of failure of individual elements of the complex security system of the facility, the autonomous gas fire extinguishing control station remains in operation. This system allows you to build into your system any number of areas of gas fire extinguishing, which are limited only technical capabilities the fire alarm station itself.

Fig. 2.Decentralized management of gas fire extinguishing in several directions

The third scheme is a scheme of centralized control of gas fire extinguishing systems (Fig. 3). This system is used when the requirements for fire safety are priority. The fire alarm system includes analogue addressable sensors that allow you to monitor the protected area with minimal errors and prevent false alarms. False alarms of the fire alarm system occur due to pollution ventilation systems, supply exhaust ventilation (smoke from the street), strong wind etc. The prevention of false alarms in analogue addressable systems is carried out by monitoring the level of dustiness of the sensors.

Fig. 3. Centralized control of gas fire extinguishing in several directions

The signal from the analogue addressable fire detectors goes to the central fire alarm station, after which the processed data goes through the address modules and blocks to autonomous system control of gas fire extinguishing. Each group of sensors is logically linked to its own direction of gas fire extinguishing. The centralized gas fire extinguishing control system is designed only for the number of station addresses. Take, for example, a station with 126 addresses (single-loop). Let's calculate the number of addresses required for maximum protection of the premises. Control modules - automatic / manual, gas is supplied and the fault is 3 addresses plus the number of sensors in the room: 3 - on the ceiling, 3 - behind the ceiling, 3 - under the floor (9 pcs.). We get 12 addresses per direction. For a station with 126 addresses, this is 10 directions plus additional addresses for the management of engineering systems.

The use of centralized control of gas fire extinguishing leads to a rise in the cost of the system, but significantly increases its reliability, makes it possible to analyze the situation (control the dust content of sensors), and also reduces the level of costs for its maintenance and operation. The need to install a centralized (decentralized) system arises with additional management of engineering systems.

In some cases, in centralized and decentralized gas fire extinguishing systems, fire extinguishing stations are used instead of a modular gas fire extinguishing system. Their installation depends on the area and specifics of the protected premises. In fig. 4 shows a centralized control system for gas fire extinguishing with a fire extinguishing station (OGS).

Fig. four.Centralized control of gas fire extinguishing in several directions with fire extinguishing station

The choice of the optimal variant of the gas fire extinguishing installation depends on a large amount of initial data. An attempt to summarize the most significant parameters of gas fire extinguishing systems and installations is shown in Fig. five.

Fig. five.Choosing the best option for a gas fire extinguishing installation according to technical requirements

One of the features of AGPT systems in automatic mode is the use of analogue addressable and threshold fire detectors as fire detectors, when triggered, the fire extinguishing system is launched, i.e. release of extinguishing agent. And here it should be noted that the performance of the entire expensive complex of fire automatics and, consequently, the fate of the protected object depend on the reliability of the fire detector, one of the cheapest elements of the fire alarm and fire extinguishing system! In this case, a fire detector must meet two basic requirements: early detection of fire and the absence of false alarms. What determines the reliability of a fire detector as an electronic device? From the level of development, the quality of the element base, assembly technology and final testing. It can be very difficult for a consumer to understand all the variety of detectors on the market today. Therefore, many are guided by the price and the availability of a certificate, although, unfortunately, today it is not a guarantee of quality. Only a few manufacturers of fire detectors openly publish refusal figures, for example, according to the Moscow manufacturer System Sensor Fair Detectors, the returns of its products are less than 0.04% (4 items per 100 thousand). This is undoubtedly a good indicator and the result of multi-stage testing of each product.

Of course, only the analogue addressable system allows the customer to be absolutely sure of the operability of all its elements: the smoke and heat detectors that control the protected area are constantly interrogated by the fire extinguishing control station. The device monitors the state of the loop and its components; in case of a decrease in the sensitivity of the sensor, the station automatically compensates for it by setting an appropriate threshold. But when using non-address (threshold) systems, the breakdown of the sensor is not detected, and the loss of its sensitivity is not monitored. The system is considered to be in working order, but in reality the fire control station in the event of a real fire will not work accordingly. Therefore, when installing automatic gas fire extinguishing systems, it is preferable to use analogue addressable systems. Their relatively high cost is offset by unconditional reliability and a qualitative reduction in the risk of fire.

In the general case, the working project of the RP of a gas fire extinguishing installation consists of an explanatory note, a technological part, an electrical part (not considered in this work), specifications of equipment and materials and estimates (at the request of the customer).

Explanatory note

The explanatory note includes the following sections.

Technological part.

1. • 
     The subsection Technological part gives short description main constituent elements of UGP. The type of the selected GFFS and propellant gas extinguishing agent, if any, is indicated. For freon and a mixture of gaseous fire extinguishing agents, the number of the fire safety certificate is reported. The type of MGP gas fire extinguishing modules (batteries) selected for storing the gas extinguishing agent, the number of the fire safety certificate is given. A brief description of the main elements of the module (battery), the method of control of the GFFS mass is given. The parameters of the electric start of the IHP (battery) are given.
1. General Provisions.

In section general provisions the name of the object for which the UGP working project has been completed and the justification for its implementation are given. The normative and technical documents, on the basis of which the project documentation was prepared, are presented.
The list of the main regulatory documents used in the design of the UGP is given below. NPB 110-99
NPB 88-2001 with rev. # 1
Due to the fact that constant work is being carried out to improve regulatory documents, designers must constantly update this list.

2. Appointment.

This section specifies what the gas fire extinguishing installation is intended for and its functions.

3. Brief description of the protected object.

This section gives a general overview a brief description of premises to be protected by the UGP, their geometric dimensions (volume). It is reported about the presence of raised floors and ceilings with a volumetric method of fire extinguishing or the configuration of an object and its location with a local volumetric method. Information about the maximum and minimum temperature and humidity of the air, the presence and characteristics of the ventilation and air conditioning system, the presence of constantly open openings and the maximum permissible pressures in the protected premises are indicated. The data on the main types of fire load, categories of protected premises and classes of zones are given.

4. Basic design solutions. This section has two subsections.

It is reported about the selected type of nozzles for uniform distribution of the gaseous extinguishing agent in the protected volume and the accepted standard release time for the estimated mass of GFFS.

For centralized installations, the type of switchgear and the number of the fire safety certificate are given.

The formulas are given that are used to calculate the mass of the gas extinguishing agent UGP, and the numerical values \u200b\u200bof the basic quantities used in the calculations: the adopted standard fire extinguishing concentrations for each protected volume, the density of the gas phase and the remainder of the GFFS in the modules (batteries), the coefficient taking into account the losses of the gas extinguishing agent from modules (batteries), the remainder of the GFFS in the module (batteries), the height of the protected room above sea level, the total area of \u200b\u200bpermanently open openings, the height of the room and the time of GFW supply.

The calculation of the time for the evacuation of people from the premises, which are protected by gas fire extinguishing installations, is given, and the time for stopping ventilation equipment, closing fire dampers, air dampers, etc. is given. (if available). At the time of evacuation of people from the room or stopping ventilation equipment, closing fire-blocking valves, air dampers, etc. less than 10 s, it is recommended to take 10 s for the delay in the release of GFFS. If all or one of the limiting parameters, namely, the estimated time of evacuation of people, the time of stopping the ventilation equipment, closing the fire dampers, air dampers, etc. exceeds 10 s, then the delay time for the release of GFFS must be taken at a larger value or close to it, but in a larger direction. It is not recommended to artificially increase the delay time for the release of GFEA for the following reasons. Firstly, UGP are designed to eliminate the initial stage of a fire, when the destruction of the enclosing structures and, first of all, windows does not occur. The appearance of additional openings as a result of the destruction of the enclosing structures during a developed fire, which were not taken into account when calculating the required amount of GFFS, will not allow creating a standard fire extinguishing concentration of a gas extinguishing agent in the room after the UGP is triggered. Secondly, an artificial increase in the time of free combustion leads to unjustifiably large material losses.

In the same subsection, based on the results of calculations of the maximum permissible pressures, carried out taking into account the requirements of paragraph 6 of GOST R 12.3.047-98, it is reported about the need to install additional openings in the protected rooms to relieve pressure after the UGP is triggered or not.

1. • Electrical part.

     This subsection informs on the basis of what principles the fire detectors were selected, their types and numbers of fire safety certificates are given. The type of control and monitoring device and the number of its fire safety certificate are indicated. A brief description of the main functions performed by the device is given.

2. The principle of operation of the installation.

   This section has 4 subsections, which describe: "Automatic on" mode;

   • "Automation off" mode;
   • remote start;
   • local launch.
3. Power supply.

   This section indicates to which category of ensuring the reliability of power supply the automatic gas fire extinguishing installation belongs and according to what scheme the power supply of the devices and equipment included in the installation should be carried out.

4. Composition and placement of elements.

   This section has two subsections.

   • Technological part.

     This subsection provides a list of the main elements that make up the technological part of an automatic gas fire extinguishing installation, places and requirements for their installation.

   • Electrical part.

     This subsection provides a list of the main elements of the electrical part of an automatic gas fire extinguishing installation. Instructions are given on how to install them. The brands of cables, wires and the conditions for their laying are reported.

5. Professional and qualification staff of persons working at the facility for the maintenance and operation of the automatic fire extinguishing installation.

The composition of this section includes the requirements for the qualifications of personnel and their number when servicing a projected automatic gas fire extinguishing installation.

1. Occupational health and safety measures.

   This section informs the normative documents on the basis of which the installation and commissioning works and maintenance of the automatic gas fire extinguishing installation must be carried out. The requirements for persons admitted to the maintenance of an automatic gas fire extinguishing installation are given.

The activities that must be performed after the UGP are triggered in the event of a fire are described.

BRITISH STANDARD REQUIREMENTS.

It is known that there are significant differences between Russian and European requirements. They are due national characteristics, geographical location and climatic conditions, level economic development countries. However, the main provisions that determine the efficiency of the system must be the same. The following are comments on British Standard BS 7273-1: 2006 Part 1 on electrically activated gas volumetric fire extinguishing systems.

British bS 7273-1: 2006 replaced BS 7273-1: 2000... Fundamental differences of the new standard from the previous version are noted in its preface.

• BS 7273-1: 2006 is a separate document, but it (in contrast to the NPB 88-2001 * in force in Russia) contains references to regulatory documents with which it should be used. These are the following standards:
• BS 1635 "Recommendations for graphic symbols and abbreviations for drawings of fire protection systems";
• BS 5306-4 Equipment and installation of fire extinguishing systems - Part 4: Technical requirements for carbon dioxide systems;
• BS 5839-1: 2002 concerning fire detection and warning systems for buildings. Part 1: "Norms and rules for the design, installation and maintenance of systems";
• BS 6266 "Code of Practice for the Protection against Fire of Installations of Electronic Equipment";
• BS ISO 14520 (all parts), Gas extinguishing systems;
• BS EN 12094-1, Fixed fire protection systems - Components gas systems fire extinguishing "- Part 1:" Requirements and test methods for automatic control devices ".

Terminology

The definitions of all key terms are taken from BS 5839-1, BS EN 12094-1, BS 7273 only defines a few of the terms listed below.

• Automatic / manual and manual only mode switch - a means of transferring the system from automatic or manual activation mode to manual activation only mode (moreover, the switch, as explained in the standard, can be made in the form of a manual switch in a control device or in other devices, or in the form separate door blocker, but in any case it must be ensured that the system activation mode can be switched from automatic / manual to manual only or vice versa):
  • automatic mode (in relation to the fire extinguishing system) is a mode of operation in which the system is initiated without manual intervention;
  • manual mode is one in which the system can only be initiated by manual control.
• Protected area - an area protected by a fire extinguishing system.
• Coincidence is the logic of the system operation, according to which the output signal is given in the presence of at least two independent input signals simultaneously present in the system. For example, the output signal for activating fire extinguishing is generated only after a fire is detected by one detector and at least when another independent detector of the same protected area has confirmed the presence of a fire.
• A control device is a device that performs all the functions necessary to control a fire extinguishing system (the standard indicates that this device can be made as a separate module or as a part of an automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing system).

System design

The standard also notes that the requirements for the protected area must be established by the designer in consultation with the client and, as a rule, the architect, the specialists of the contractor companies involved in the installation of the fire alarm system and the automatic fire extinguishing system, fire safety specialists, experts from insurance companies. the responsible person from the health department, as well as representatives of any other interested departments. In addition, it is necessary to pre-plan the actions that should be taken in the event of a fire in order to ensure the safety of persons in the area and the effective functioning of the fire extinguishing system. This kind of action should be discussed at the design stage and implemented in the intended system.

The system design must also comply with BS 5839-1, BS 5306-1 and BS ISO 14520. Based on the information obtained during the consultation, the designer is obliged to prepare documents containing not only a detailed description of the design solution, but, for example, a simple graphic presentation of the sequence of actions leading to the launch of the extinguishing agent.

System operation

In accordance with the specified standard, an algorithm for the operation of the fire extinguishing system must be formed, which is presented in a graphical form. An example of such an algorithm is given in the appendix to this standard. As a rule, to avoid unwanted gas start-up in the case of automatic operation of the system, the sequence of events should involve simultaneous detection of a fire by two separate detectors.

Activation of the first detector should at least lead to the indication of the "Fire" mode in the fire alarm system and the activation of a warning within the protected area.

The release of gas from the extinguishing system must be monitored and indicated by the control device. A pressure or gas flow sensor must be used to monitor gas start-up, positioned to control its release from any cylinder in the system. For example, if there are associated cylinders, the release of gas from any container to the central pipeline must be controlled.

Interruption of communication between the fire alarm system and any part of the fire extinguishing control device shall not affect the operation of the fire detectors or the activation of the fire alarm system.

Performance improvement requirement

The fire alarm and warning system must be designed in such a way that in the event of a single damage to the loop (open circuit or short circuit), it detects a fire in the protected area and, at least, leaves the possibility of manually activating the fire extinguishing. That is, if the system is designed in such a way that the maximum area controlled by one detector is X m 2, then in case of a single failure of the loop, each operable fire detector must provide an area control of a maximum of 2X m 2, the sensors must be evenly distributed over the protected area.

This condition can be met, for example, by using two radial stubs or one ring stub with short circuit protection devices.

Fig. one.System with two parallel radial stubs

Indeed, in the event of a break or even a short circuit of one of the two radial stubs, the second stub remains operational. In this case, the arrangement of the detectors should ensure control of the entire protected area by each loop separately. (Fig. 2)

Fig. 2.Arrangement of detectors "in pairs"

A higher level of operability is achieved when using loop loops in addressable and analogue addressable systems with short circuit isolators. In this case, in the event of a break, the ring loop is automatically converted into two radial ones, the break point is localized and all sensors remain in a working state, which keeps the system functioning in an automatic mode. In the event of a short circuit in a loop, only the devices between two adjacent short-circuit isolators are disconnected, and therefore most of sensors and other devices also remain functional.

Fig. 3. Loop loop break

Fig. four.Loop short circuit

A short-circuit isolator usually consists of two symmetrically connected electronic keys, between which a fire detector is located. Structurally, the short-circuit isolator can be built into the base, which has two additional contacts (input and output by plus), or it can be built directly into the sensor, into manual and linear fire detectors and into functional modules. If necessary, a short-circuit isolator can be used as a separate module.

Fig. five.Short circuit insulator in sensor base

It is obvious that systems with one "two-threshold" loop, which are often used in Russia, do not meet this requirement. When such a loop is broken a certain part the protected area remains uncontrolled, and in the event of a short circuit, control is completely absent. A "Malfunction" signal is generated, but until the malfunction is eliminated, the "Fire" signal is not generated for any sensor, which does not make it possible to turn on fire extinguishing manually.

False alarm protection

Electromagnetic fields from radio transmitting devices can cause false signals in fire alarm systems and lead to activation of the processes of electrical initiation of gas release from fire extinguishing systems. Almost all buildings use equipment such as portable radios and cell phones, and there may be base transceiver stations of several cellular operators in the vicinity or on the building itself. In such cases, measures must be taken to ensure that there is no risk of accidental gas release due to exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Similar problems can arise if the system is installed in areas of high field strength, such as near airports or radio transmitting stations.

It should be noted that a significant increase in recent years in the level of electromagnetic interference caused by the use of mobile communications has led to an increase in European requirements for fire detectors in this area. According to European standards, a fire detector must withstand the effects of electromagnetic interference with a voltage of 10 V / m in the ranges of 0.03-1000 MHz and 1-2 GHz, and with a voltage of 30 V / m in the cellular ranges of 415-466 MHz and 890-960 MHz, and with sinusoidal and pulse modulation (Table 1).

Table 1. LPCB and VdS requirements for electromagnetic immunity of sensors.

*) Pulse modulation: frequency 1 Hz, duty cycle 2 (0.5 s - on, 0.5 s - pause).

European requirements correspond to modern operating conditions and several times exceed the requirements even for the highest (4th degree) rigidity according to NPB 57-97 "Instruments and equipment of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems. Noise immunity and noise emission. General technical requirements. Test methods" (Table 2). In addition, according to NPB 57-97, tests are carried out at maximum frequencies up to 500 MHz, i.e. 4 times less than European tests, although the "effectiveness" of interference on a fire detector usually increases with increasing frequency.

Moreover, according to the requirements of NPB 88-2001 * clause 12.11, to control automatic fire extinguishing installations, fire detectors must be resistant to electromagnetic fields with a degree of severity not lower than the second.

Table 2.Requirements for the immunity of detectors to electromagnetic interference according to NPB 57-97

Frequency ranges and levels of electromagnetic field strength during testing according to NPB 57-97 do not take into account the presence of several cellular communication systems with huge number base stations and mobile phones, no increase in the power and number of radio and television stations, no other similar interference. An integral part of the urban landscape has become base station transmit-receive antennas, which are located on various buildings (fig. 6). In areas where there are no buildings of the required height, antennas are installed on different masts. Usually, a large number of antennas of several cellular operators are located at one object, which increases the level of electromagnetic interference by several times.

In addition, according to the European standard EN 54-7 for smoke detectors, tests for these devices are mandatory:
- for moisture - first at a constant temperature of +40 ° С and relative humidity of 93% for 4 days, then with a cyclic temperature change for 12 hours at +25 ° С and for 12 hours at +55 ° С, and with relative humidity at least 93% for another 4 days;
- corrosion tests in an atmosphere of SO 2 gas for 21 days, etc.
It becomes clear why, according to European requirements, the signal from two PIs is used only to turn on fire extinguishing in automatic mode, and even then not always, as will be indicated below.

If the detector loops cover several protected areas, then the signal to initiate the release of the fire extinguishing agent into the protected area, where the fire was detected, should not lead to the release of the extinguishing agent into another protected area, the detection system of which uses the same loop.

Activation of manual call points should also not in any way affect the start of the gas.

Establishment of the fact of fire

A fire alarm system should comply with the recommendations given in BS 5839-1: 2002 for the relevant system category, unless other standards are no longer applicable, such as BS 6266 for the protection of electronic installations. The detectors used to control the gas release of an automatic fire extinguishing system must operate in coincident mode (see above).

However, if the hazard is of such a nature that the delayed reaction of the system associated with the coincidence mode can be fraught with serious consequences, then the gas is started automatically when the first detector is activated. Provided that the probability of false alarms and alarms is low, or people cannot be present in the protected area (for example, spaces behind false ceilings or under raised floors, control cabinets).

In general, measures should be taken to avoid unexpected gas release due to false alarms. Coincidence of triggering of two automatic detectors is a method of minimizing the likelihood of a false trigger, which is essential in the event of a false triggering of one detector.

Non-addressable fire alarm systems that cannot identify each detector individually must have at least two independent loops in each protected area. In address systems using the coincidence mode, it is allowed to use one loop (provided that the signal for each detector can be identified independently).

Note: In zones protected by traditional unaddressed systems, after activation of the first detector, up to 50% of the detectors (all other detectors of this loop) are excluded from the coincidence mode, that is, the second detector activated in the same loop is not perceived by the system and cannot confirm the presence of a fire. Addressable systems provide monitoring of the situation by a signal from each detector and after activation of the first fire detector, which ensures maximum efficiency of the system due to the use of all other detectors in coincidence mode to confirm a fire.

For coincidence mode, signals from two independent detectors must be used; different signals from the same detector cannot be used, for example, generated by one aspirating smoke detector for high and low sensitivity thresholds.

Detector used

The selection of detectors should be made in accordance with BS 5839-1. In some circumstances, earlier fire detection may require two different detection principles - for example, optical smoke detectors and ionization smoke detectors. In this case, a uniform distribution of detectors of each type must be ensured over the entire protected area. Where coincidence mode is used, it should normally be possible to match signals from two detectors operating on the same principle. For example, in some cases, two independent stubs are used to achieve a match; the number of detectors included in each loop, operating according to different principles, should be approximately the same. For example: where four detectors are required to protect the premises, and they are represented by two optical smoke detectors and two ionization smoke detectors, each loop should have one optical detector and one ionization detector.

However, it is not always necessary to use different physical principles for fire detection. For example, given the type of fire expected and the required fire detection rate, it is permissible to use the same type of detectors.

The detectors should be placed in accordance with the recommendations of BS 5839-1, according to the required system category. However, when using the coincidence mode, the minimum detector density should be 2 times the recommended in this standard. To protect electronic equipment, the fire detection level must meet the requirements of BS 6266.

It is necessary to have a means of quickly identifying the location of hidden detectors (behind suspended ceilings, etc.) in the "Fire" mode - for example, by using remote indicators.

Control and indication

Mode switch

The mode switching device - automatic / manual and only manual - must ensure a change in the operating mode of the fire extinguishing system, that is, when personnel access an unattended area. The switch must be manually operated and provided with a key that can be removed in any position and must be located near the main entrance to the protected area.

Note 1: The key is for the responsible person only.

The key application mode must comply with BS 5306-4 and BS ISO 14520-1 respectively.

Note 2: Door interlock switches operating when the door is locked may be preferable for this purpose - in those cases, in particular, when it is necessary to ensure that when personnel are present in the protected area, the system is in manual control mode.

Manual start device

The operation of the manual fire extinguishing device must initiate a gas release and requires two separate steps to be taken to prevent accidental activation. The manual start device should be predominantly yellow and have a designation indicating the function it performs. Typically, the manual start button is covered by a lid, and to activate the system, you need to perform two steps: open the lid and press the button (Fig. 8).

Fig. 8. The manual start button on the control panel is located under the yellow cover

Devices that require breaking the glass cover to access are undesirable due to the potential hazard to the operator. Manual start devices must be easily accessible and safe for personnel, and their abuse must be avoided. In addition, they must be visually distinct from manual call points of the fire alarm system.

Start delay time

A delay start device can be incorporated into the system to allow personnel to evacuate personnel from the protected area prior to gas release. Since the time lag period depends on the potential rate of spread of fire and the means of evacuation from the protected area, this time should be as short as possible and not exceed 30 seconds, unless a longer time is specified by the appropriate authority. The activation of the time delay device shall be indicated by a warning audible signal audible in the protected area ("pre-start warning signal").

Note: Long start-up delays contribute to the further spread of the fire and the risk of thermal decomposition products from some extinguishing gases.

If equipped with a delayed start, the system can also be equipped with an emergency blocking device, which must be located near the exit from the protected area. As long as the button on the device is pressed, the countdown of the pre-start time should stop. When you stop pressing, the system remains in alarm and the timer must be restarted from the beginning.

Emergency locking and reset devices

Emergency interlocks must be present in the system if it is in automatic mode when people are present in the protected area, unless otherwise agreed in consultation with interested parties. The type of "pre-start warning sound signal" should be changed to control the activation of the emergency blocking device, and there should also be a visual indication of the activation of this mode on the control unit.
In some conditions, fire extinguishing mode reset devices may also be installed. In fig. 9 shows an example of the structure of a fire extinguishing system.

Fig. 9... Fire extinguishing system structure

Sound and light indication

Visual indication of the system status should be provided outside the protected area and located at all entrances to the premises so that the state of the fire extinguishing system is clear to personnel entering the protected area:
* red indicator - "gas start";
* yellow indicator - “automatic / manual mode”;
* yellow indicator - “manual only mode”.

A clear visual indication of the operation of the fire alarm system within the protected area should also be provided when the first detector is activated: in addition to the audible warning recommended in BS 5839-1, the warning lights should flash to alert people in the building that gas may be triggered. The warning light must comply with the requirements of BS 5839-1.

Recognizable audible alarms should be given at the following stages:

• during the delay in gas start-up;
• at the beginning of gas start-up.

These signals may be identical, or two distinct signals may appear. The signal switched on in stage "a" must be switched off when the emergency interlock is functioning. However, if necessary, it can be replaced during its broadcast by a signal that is easily distinguishable from all other signals. The signal switched on in stage "b" must continue to operate until it is manually switched off.

Power supply, eyeliner

The power supply to the fire extinguishing system must comply with the recommendations given in BS 5839-1: 2002, Clause 25. The exception is that the words "FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM" shall be used instead of the words "FIRE ALARM" in the labels described in BS 5839-1 : 2002, 25.2f.
The fire suppression system must be powered in accordance with the recommendations given in BS 5839-1: 2002, clause 26 for standard fire rated cables.
Note: There is no need to separate the fire extinguishing cables from the fire alarm cables.

Acceptance and commissioning

Upon completion of the installation of the fire extinguishing system, clear instructions should be prepared describing the procedure for its use and intended for the person responsible for the use of the protected areas.
All responsibility for the use of the system should be assigned in accordance with BS 5839-1 standards, with management and personnel familiar with the safe handling of the system.
The user must be provided with an event log, a certificate of installation and commissioning of the system, as well as all tests on the operation of the fire extinguishing system.
The user should be provided with documentation related to various parts equipment (junction boxes, pipelines), and wiring diagrams - that is, all documents related to the composition of the system, according to the items recommended in the standards BS 5306-4, BS 14520-1, BS 5839-1 and BS 6266.
These diagrams and drawings must be prepared in accordance with BS 1635 and, as the system changes, updated to contain any modifications or additions made to it.

In conclusion, it can be noted that the British standard BS 7273-1: 2006 does not even mention the duplication of fire detectors to increase the reliability of the system. Strict European certification requirements, the work of insurance companies, a high technological level of production of fire detectors, etc. - all this provides such high reliability that the use of backup fire detectors becomes meaningless.

Materials used in the preparation of the article:

Gas fire extinguishing. Requirements of British standards.

Igor Neplokhov, Ph.D.
Technical Director of POZHTEKHNIKA Group of Companies for PS.

- Magazine “ , 2007

Good day to all regular readers of our blog and colleagues! Today we will discuss a new certified technical solution in the field of organizing a gas fire extinguishing system. It is no secret that the installation of gas fire extinguishing itself is a rather costly event and the most costly part of the installation is, of course, the piping from the storage module of the fire extinguishing agent to the nozzles-sprayers of GOTV. This is quite justified, since the pipes used for the organization of distribution pipelines must be thick-walled and seamless, and they are quite expensive. The assortment of pipes by bore diameters, which is provided by one even the smallest gas fire extinguishing installation, is multi-grade, since the pipeline must "taper" from the first nozzle-sprayer to the next and so on. This leads to the need to order in the specification for the project, for example, 6 meters of pipes of one diameter, 4 meters of pipes of a different diameter, and maybe 2 meters of pipes of the third diameter. Trading organizations, of course, will not sell you pieces of pipe, but will offer you to buy pipes of each article at least one piece at a time, i.e. 9 meters each. As a result, you will have surplus waste from the installed pipeline, which you simply throw in the trash, although each meter of pipe costs between 300-400 rubles per meter. Well, thousands for one and a half waste will, frankly, go to waste and a rare Customer will compensate you for these costs. Customers like to measure the ready-assembled pipeline with a tape measure, after installation and pay money only for the length of the pipeline hanging from the ceiling. Also consider all steel couplings, transitions, tees that need to be welded onto the pipeline. Consider welded sockets and spray nozzles, also test plugs, gas manifolds and hoses high pressure (RVD), which directly connect the pipeline to the gas cylinder. All this set of elements without fail provides for the installation of gas fire extinguishing and you will not get out of the purchase of this set if you mount the system in the usual version, which includes the pipeline of the gas ATP. And now take in your hands the price list of any manufacturer of GPT systems and take a look at the prices - these small elements are sold quite expensively by any manufacturer, since all these parts are also certified and the manufacturer wants to "weld" on their sale. All of the above brings to us one simple idea - the installation of gas fire extinguishing, as a rule, costs about a million rubles with installation, includes three main elements:

1. a fire automation system, which is not very expensive - fire detectors, light plates, a reception and control device - all in total within 150 thousand rubles with installation;
2. the technological pipeline system is quite costly and laborious - it costs in the range of 350 - 400 thousand rubles, with installation;
3. directly a gas cylinder filled with a fire extinguishing agent, which is also quite expensive - for example, one module of the Attack series of 100 liters with a Khladon-125 GOTV costs about 250 thousand rubles with delivery, shipping container, transport trolley and installation. Also, as additional costs can be the cost of a cabinet for a module, a pressure sensor (CDU), fastening clamps or stands for a module.

In general, just of all the listed elements, which include a gas fire extinguishing installation, the total cost is added up - about one million rubles to protect a small room.

In the context of everything written above, I inform all those who do not know yet - a new certified gas fire extinguishing installation has appeared,which is mounted without pipelines and consists technologically of small GHP modules, which are mounted as powder fire extinguishing modules - directly on the ceiling or on the wall over the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. GPT modules are called "ZARYA", with a capacity of 3; ten; 22.5 liters, certificate of conformity from 17.12.2015. until 16.12.2020. In addition, the module includes a thermal lock, which allows the module to be opened autonomously, i.e. without a control start signal from the control panel. This means that even if the alarm and automatic fire extinguishing system turns out to be turned off, or for some other reason is inoperative at the time of the fire, the GFU modules will still open from an autonomous thermal lock and extinguish the fire. This leads to the idea that a modular-type gas fire extinguishing installation (as we will call it) is more tenacious and ready to perform the task in extreme conditions. The launch of the GPT modules is carried out, similarly to the launch of powder fire extinguishing modules, from 12-24 volts at a current of 0.5-1 amperes, lasting no more than 1 second, that is, the most common "S2000-ASPT", like other fire extinguishing devices, will quite cope with this task.

Passport for modules gas extinguishing "ZARYA" can be downloaded from our website by following the link

In addition, we took the trouble, turned to the manufacturer with a request to provide a typical project for extinguishing a server room (the most popular), in which a modular-type gas fire extinguishing installation is used. As part of the project, there is a specification that can be calculated and the estimated cost of the work can be calculated and simply compared with the cost of installing a conventional GPT system on the same premises.

You can also download a typical project on our website by following the link

I must note that this article is in no way advertising and does not set itself the goal of promoting products. I, as a designer and as an installer, simply give an assessment of the new product and this assessment is positive, since the specified products make it possible to perform the same amount of work with less material costs, less labor costs and in a relatively shorter period of time. In my opinion, this is very good!

This concludes the article "installation of gas fire extinguishing without pipelines". I would be glad if in this article you learned some useful information... I allow you to copy an article for posting on other resources on the Internet only if all the links listed below to our site are preserved, I suggest you familiarize yourself with other articles of our blog by following the links:

Operating mode of light annunciators

Two evacuation exits from the sales area

Fire alarm or fire extinguishing at the facility?

Automatic fire extinguishing systems - overview of options

Appendix A (recommended). The act of delivery and acceptance of the gas fire extinguishing installation into operation Appendix B (recommended). The act of conducting fire tests of the gas fire extinguishing installation Appendix B (recommended). Protocol for conducting autonomous tests of a gas fire extinguishing installation Appendix D (recommended). Strength test certificate for pipelines Appendix D (recommended). The act of testing pipelines for tightness with the determination of the pressure drop during the test Appendix E (informative). Bibliography

State standard of the Russian Federation GOST R 50969-96
"Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods"
(put into effect by the decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of November 13, 1996 N 619)

With changes and additions from:

Automatic gas fire extinguishing systems. General technical requirements. Test methods

Introduced for the first time

1 area of \u200b\u200buse

This standard applies to centralized and modular automatic volumetric gas fire extinguishing installations (hereinafter referred to as installations) and establishes general technical requirements for installations and methods for their testing.

The requirements of this standard can also be used in the design, installation, testing and operation of local gas fire extinguishing installations.

3.6 fire extinguishing agent stock: The required amount of extinguishing agent that is stored in order to restore the estimated amount or reserve of extinguishing agent

3.10 modular gas fire extinguishing installation:An automatic fire extinguishing system containing one or more gas extinguishing modules, which are located in or near the protected area

3.14 duration of GFFS supply: Time from the moment the GFFS is released from the nozzle into the protected area until 95% of the GFFS mass required to create a standard fire extinguishing concentration in the protected area is released from the installation

3.20 centralized installation of gas fire extinguishing: Installation of gas fire extinguishing, in which vessels with gas, as well as distribution devices (if any), are located in the premises of the fire extinguishing station

4 General technical requirements

4.1 Development, acceptance, maintenance and operation of installations should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.004, GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.2.003, GOST 12.2.007.0, GOST 12.3.046, GOST 12.4.009, GOST 21128, GOST 21752, GOST 21753, SP 5.13130, Rules,,,, this standard and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

4.2 Installations by design and placement category in terms of the impact of climatic factors of the external environment must comply with GOST 15150 and operating conditions.

4.3 Equipment, products, materials, GFFS and gases for their displacement used in the installation must have a passport, documents certifying their quality, shelf life and comply with the conditions of use and project specifications for the installation.

4.4 In installations it is necessary to use GFFS approved for use in accordance with the established procedure.

4.5 Nitrogen should be used as a propellant, the technical characteristics of which correspond to GOST 9293. It is allowed to use air for which the dew point should not be higher than minus 40 ° С.

4.6 Vessels (vessels of various structural performance, cylinders installed separately or in batteries, etc.) used in fire extinguishing installations must comply with the requirements of the Rules.

4.7 Installations should be provided with devices for controlling the amount of GFFS and the pressure of the propellant gas in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 53281 and GOST R 53282.

Installations in which GFFS are compressed gas under operating conditions may only be provided with pressure control devices.

4.8 The composition of the installation, the placement of its elements and their interaction must comply with the design requirements for the installation and technical documentation for its elements.

4.9 Installations should ensure inertia (excluding the delay time in the release of GFFS, necessary for evacuating people, stopping technological equipment, etc.) no more than 15 s.

4.10 The duration of the GFFS supply must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory documents.

4.11 Installations must ensure the concentration of GFFS in the volume of the protected premises not lower than the standard.

4.12 Filling of GFFS and GFFS vessels by mass (pressure) must comply with the requirements of the project for installation and technical documentation for vessels, GFFS, as well as the conditions of their operation. For cylinders of the same standard size in the installation, the calculated values \u200b\u200bfor filling the GFFS and the propellant must be the same.

4.13 Centralized installations, in addition to the estimated number of GFFS, must have a 100% reserve in accordance with SP 5.13130. The reserve of GFFS in centralized installations is not provided.

4.14 Modular installations, in addition to the estimated amount of GFFS, must have a stock in accordance with SP 5.13130. A reserve of GFFS is not provided for in modular installations. The stock of GFFS should be stored in modules similar to the modules of installations. The stock of GFW must be prepared for installation in the unit.

4.15 The mass of GFFS in each vessel of the installation, including vessels with a reserve of GFFS in centralized installations and modules with a reserve of GFFS in modular installations, should be at least 95% of the calculated values, the pressure of the propellant (if any) - at least 90% of their calculated values \u200b\u200btaking into account the operating temperature.

It is allowed to control only the pressure of the GFFS, which are compressed gases under the operating conditions of the installations. In this case, the GFFS pressure should be at least 95% of the calculated values, taking into account the operating temperature.

Frequency and technical means control of the safety of GFFS and propellant gas must comply with the technical documentation for modules, batteries and isothermal fire tanks.

4.16 GFFS supply pipelines and their connections in installations must ensure strength at a pressure not less than, and for incentive pipelines and their connections - not less (- the maximum GFFS pressure in the vessel under operating conditions, - the maximum gas (air) pressure in the incentive system).

4.17 Induction pipelines and their connections in installations must ensure tightness at a pressure of at least.

4.18 Electrical controls for installations should provide:

a) automatic and manual remote start;

b) shutdown and restoration of automatic start;

c) automatic switching of power supply from the main source to the reserve one when the voltage is cut off at the main source;

d) control of serviceability (open circuit, short circuit) of fire alarm loops and connecting lines;

e) control of the serviceability (breakage) of the electric circuits for controlling the starting elements;

f) control of the pressure in the starting cylinders and stimulating pipelines;

g) control of the serviceability of sound and light alarms (on call);

h) turning off the sound alarm;

i) formation and issuance of a command impulse to control the technological and electrical equipment of the volume, ventilation, air conditioning, as well as fire warning devices.

4.19 Installations should provide a delay in the release of GFFS into the protected room during automatic and manual remote start for the time required to evacuate people from the room, but not less than 10 s from the moment the evacuation warning devices are turned on in the room.

The time of complete closure of the dampers (valves) in the air ducts of ventilation systems in the protected room should not exceed the delay time for the release of GFW into this room.

4.20 In the protected room, as well as in adjacent ones, which have an exit only through the protected room, when the installation is triggered, the light devices (a light signal in the form of inscriptions on the light boards "Gas - go away!" And "Gas - do not enter!") And sound notifications in accordance with GOST 12.3.046, SP 5.13130 \u200b\u200band GOST 12.4.009.

4.21 In the fire station room or other room with personnel on duty around the clock, light and sound alarms should be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 5.13130.

4.22 Centralized installations should be equipped with local starting devices. Starting elements of devices for local switching of installations, including switchgears, must have plates indicating the names of the protected premises.

5.6 At the test site or renovation works installations must be equipped with warning signs "Caution! Other hazards" in accordance with GOST 12.4.026 and an explanatory inscription "Tests are in progress!", as well as posted instructions and safety rules.

5.7 Ignition cartridges used in installations as simulators during testing should be placed in assemblies that ensure the safety of their use.

5.8 During pneumatic testing of pipelines, tapping is not allowed.

Pneumatic strength tests are not allowed for pipelines located in rooms in the presence of people or equipment that can be damaged when the pipeline collapses.

5.9 The actions of the personnel in the rooms, into which the GFW overflow is possible when the installations are triggered, should be specified in the safety instructions applied at the facility.

5.10 It is allowed to enter the protected room after the release of GFFS until the end of ventilation only in isolating respiratory protection.

5.11 Persons who have undergone special instructions and training must be allowed to work with the installation. safe methods labor, testing of knowledge of safety rules and instructions in accordance with the position held in relation to the work performed in accordance with GOST 12.0.004.

6 Environmental protection requirements

6.1 In terms of environmental protection, the installations must ensure the relevant requirements of the technical documentation for fire extinguishing agents during operation, maintenance, testing and repair.

7 Completeness, marking and packaging

7.1 The requirements for the completeness, marking and packaging of the elements that make up the installations must be specified in the technical specifications for these elements.

8 Test procedure

8.2 For the period of testing, measures should be provided to ensure fire safety the protected object.

8.3 Tests of installations should be carried out by enterprises (organizations) operating installations with the involvement, if necessary, of third-party organizations and formalized in an act (Appendix A).

8.4 When accepting the installations into operation, the installation and commissioning organization must present:

Executive documentation (a set of working drawings with the changes made to them);

Passports or other documents certifying the quality of products, equipment and materials used in the production of installation work.

8.5 Complex tests of the installation should be carried out:

Upon acceptance into operation;

During the period of operation, at least once every 5 years in accordance with RD 25.964 (except for tests according to 4.9-4.11).

Before commissioning, the installation must be run-in in order to identify malfunctions that can lead to a false operation of the installation. The duration of the run-in is set by the installation and commissioning organization, but not less than 3 days.

The running-in is carried out with the connection of the starting circuits to the simulators according to 9.5, which, according to their electrical characteristics, correspond to the actuators (activators) of the installation. In this case, the automatic recording device should record all cases of fire alarm activation or control of the automatic start-up of the installation with subsequent analysis of their causes.

In the absence of false alarms or other violations during the running-in period, the unit is switched to automatic operation mode. If the malfunctions continue during the running-in period, the installation must be re-adjusted and run-in.

8.6 Tests of installations for checking the inertia, duration of GFFS supply and fire extinguishing concentration of GFFS in the volume of the protected room (4.9-4.11) are optional. The need for their experimental verification is determined by the customer or, in case of deviation from the design standards affecting the tested parameters, officials governing bodies and subdivisions of the State Fire Service in the implementation of state fire supervision.

9 Test methods

9.1 The tests are carried out under normal climatic conditions tests in accordance with GOST 15150, if the test procedure does not stipulate special conditions.

9.2 In tests where the requirements for the measurement accuracy of a parameter specified as a value with a one-sided limit (except for time parameters) are not specified, when choosing a measuring instrument in terms of an accuracy class, the following are guided: the possible measurement error should be taken into account in the measured parameter in such a way as to increase the reliability of its definition.

For example, the requirement is set that the mass of the GFFS in the vessel must be at least 95 kg. When weighed on a balance with an accuracy of kg, a weight of 96 kg was obtained. Taking into account the measurement error in the direction of increasing the reliability of determining the parameter, we get the test result - 94 kg. Conclusion: the installation for this test does not meet the specified requirement.

9.3 The relative error of measurements of time parameters should not exceed 5%.

9.5 The test for the interaction of the installation elements (4.8) is carried out using compressed air instead of the GFET.

Vessels with GFFS are disconnected from the installation. Instead of them (vessels), simulators (electrical fuses, lamps, recorders, pyro cartridges, etc.) and one or two vessels filled with compressed air to a pressure corresponding to the pressure in the vessels with GFFS at the test temperature are connected to the starting circuits of the installation. In installations with a pneumatic start, the incentive pipelines and the incentive-starting sections are also filled with compressed air up to the corresponding operating pressure. Automatic start-up of the installation is carried out. Hereinafter, the automatic start-up of installations is carried out by triggering the required number of fire detectors or devices simulating them in accordance with the design documentation for the installation. Fire detectors should be triggered by an action that simulates the corresponding fire factor.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if the operation of units and devices corresponds to the technical documentation for the tested equipment and project documentation for installation.

The test results are documented in a protocol (Appendix B).

9.6 The inertia test (4.9) is carried out with automatic start-up of the installation (9.5).

The time is measured from the moment the last fire detector was triggered until the start of the GFFS expiration from the nozzle, after which the GFFS supply can be stopped.

Hereinafter, during testing, the moments of the beginning or end of the GFFS outflow from the nozzle must be determined using thermocouples, pressure sensors, gas analyzers, audio-video recording of jets (liquefied GFFS) or other objective control methods.

It is allowed to use another inert gas or compressed air instead of GFFS, which during storage in a vessel are a compressed gas. The gas pressure in the vessel must be equal to the GFFS pressure in the installation. It is allowed to use another model liquefied gas instead of GFFS, which are liquefied gas when stored in a vessel.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if the measured time does not take into account the delay time for evacuation, shutdown of technological equipment, etc. meets the requirements of 4.9.

9.7 The test to determine the duration of the GFFS supply (4.10), which during storage is a liquefied gas, is carried out as follows. The installation vessels are charged with 100% of the GFFS mass required to create a standard fire extinguishing concentration in the protected area. The installation is started up and the GFFS is supplied to the protected room. Measure the time from the moment of the beginning of the outflow from the nozzle until the end of the outflow from the nozzle of the liquid phase of the GFFS (9.6).

When testing an installation with GFFS, which during storage is a compressed gas, measure the time from the start of the GFFS outflow from the nozzle until the installation (vessel, pipeline) reaches the design pressure corresponding to the release from the installation of 95% of the GFFS mass required to create a standard fire extinguishing concentration in the protected area.

It is allowed to determine the duration of the supply using a model gas instead of the GFET. In this case, the duration of the supply is calculated on the basis of the results of the experiment to determine the throughput of the pipelines of the installation.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if the measured delivery time meets the requirements of the current regulatory documents.

9.8 Ensuring the normative fire extinguishing concentration of GFFS in the protected room (4.11) is checked by measuring the GFFS concentration during cold tests or on the fact of extinguishing model fires during fire tests.

9.8.1 Points of concentration measurement (model fires) are located at levels of 10, 50 and 90% of the height of the room. The number and locations of concentration measurement points (model fires) at each level is determined by the test procedure. The locations of the concentration measurement points (model fires) should not be located in the area of \u200b\u200bdirect impact of the GFFS jets supplied from the nozzles.

9.8.3 In fire tests, model fires are used - containers with a combustible load, which, as a rule, are used combustible materials characteristic of the protected premises. The amount of combustible material is determined by the test method, it must be sufficient to ensure the duration of combustion for at least 10 minutes after the start of the GFFS supply to the protected room. It is forbidden to fill containers with flammable materials that can create an explosive concentration in the room.) In the container is carried out by weighing on a balance or calculation based on the results of measuring the level, temperature, pressure.

The pressure of the GFFS and the propellant in the vessel is checked with a pressure gauge.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if the mass (pressure) of the GFFS and the propellant in the vessels corresponds to 4.15.

9.10 Testing the pipelines of the installation and their connections for strength (4.16) is carried out as follows.

Before testing, pipelines are subjected to external inspection. The test fluid is usually water. The pipelines supplying the liquid must be pre-tested. Instead of nozzles, except for the last one on the distribution pipeline, plugs are screwed in. The pipelines are filled with liquid and then a plug is installed in place of the last nozzle.

During the test, the pressure rise should be carried out in steps:

the first stage - 0.05 MPa;

second stage - ();

third stage - ();

the fourth step is ().

At intermediate stages of pressure rise, hold is carried out for 1-3 minutes, during which no pressure drop in the pipes is established using a pressure gauge or other device. The pressure gauge must be at least 2nd class of accuracy.

Under pressure (), the pipelines are kept for 5 minutes. Then the pressure is reduced to () and an inspection is performed. At the end of the tests, the liquid is drained and the pipelines are purged with compressed air.

It is allowed to use compressed inert gas or air instead of the test liquid, provided that safety requirements are observed.

The pipelines are considered to have passed the test if no pressure drop is detected and no bulges, cracks, leaks, fogging are detected during inspection. The tests are drawn up by an act (Appendix D).

9.11 The test for tightness of the stimulating pipelines of the installation (4.17) is carried out after testing them for strength (9.10).

The test gas is air or an inert gas. A pressure equal to is created in the pipelines.

The pipelines are considered to have passed the test if, within 24 hours, there is no pressure drop of more than 10% and no bulges, cracks or leaks are found during inspection. To detect defects when inspecting pipelines, it is recommended to use foaming solutions. The pressure should be measured with a pressure gauge of at least 2nd class of accuracy.

Tightness tests are drawn up by an act (Appendix D).

9.12 Checking the automatic and manual remote start-up of the installation (4.18, item a) is performed without releasing the GFFS from the installation. Vessels with GFFS are disconnected from the starting circuits and simulators are connected (9.5). Automatic and remote start-up of the installation is carried out in turn.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if, during the automatic and remote start of the installation, all simulators in the starting circuits have been triggered.

9.13 Checking the shutdown and restoration of the automatic start-up of the installation (4.18, item b) is carried out by acting on the shutdown devices (for example, by opening the door to the room or, for installations with pneumatic start, by switching the corresponding device on the incentive pipeline) and restoring the automatic start.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if the automatic start is turned off and restored and the light alarm is triggered in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment under test.

9.14 Checking the automatic switching of power supply from the main source to the reserve one (4.18, item c) is carried out in two stages.

At the first stage, when the installation is in standby mode, the main power source is turned off. Light and sound alarms should be triggered in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment under test. Connect the main power supply.

In the second stage, tests are carried out in accordance with 9.12. In the period from the moment the automatic or remote start is turned on until the installation of starting pulses is issued to the simulators, the main power source is disconnected.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if, at the first stage, light and sound alarms are triggered in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment under test, and at the second stage, all simulators in the starting circuit are triggered.

9.15 Testing means for monitoring the serviceability of fire alarm loops and connecting lines (4.18, enumeration d) is carried out by alternately opening and short-circuiting the loops and lines.

9.16 Testing means for monitoring the serviceability of electrical circuits for controlling the starting elements (4.18, item e) is carried out by opening the starting circuit.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if a light and sound alarm is triggered in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment under test.

9.17 Testing of air pressure control devices in the starting cylinders and the stimulating pipeline of the installation (4.18, item e) is carried out by reducing the pressure in the stimulating pipeline by 0.05 MPa and in the starting cylinders by 0.2 MPa from the calculated values.

It is allowed to simulate the drop in air pressure by closing the contacts of an electric contact pressure gauge or in another way.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if a light and sound alarm is triggered in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment under test.

9.18 Testing of means for monitoring the serviceability of light and sound alarms (4.18, item g) is performed by turning on the call devices for light and sound alarms.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if light and sound alarms are triggered in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment under test.

9.19 Testing of means for muting the audible alarm (4.18 item h) is performed as follows. After the sound alarm is triggered (for example, when checking according to 9.13 -9.17), the device is turned on to turn off the sound alarm.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if the audible alarm is turned off and in the absence of automatic restoration of the audible alarm, a light alarm is triggered in accordance with the technical documentation for the equipment under test.

9.20 Testing of the means for generating the command impulse (4.18, enumeration and) is performed without releasing the GEF from the installation. Vessels with GFFS are disconnected from the starting circuits.

A device for controlling technological equipment or a measuring device is connected to the output terminals of the element that forms the command pulse. The instrument for measuring the parameters of the command impulse is selected in accordance with the technical characteristics of the equipment under test and indicated in the test procedure. Automatic or remote start-up of the installation is carried out.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if the device for controlling the technological equipment is triggered or the command pulse is recorded by the measuring device.

9.21 Checking the delay time (4.19) and the activation of warning devices (4.20) is carried out without the release of the GFFS with automatic and remote start-up of the installation. Simulators (9.5) are connected to the starting circuits of the installation instead of vessels with GFFS.

After starting the installation in the protected room, as well as in adjacent ones that have an exit only through the protected room, control the activation of light devices (light signal in the form of an inscription on the light boards "Gas - go away!") And sound notification. The time is measured from the moment the warning devices are turned on until the simulators installed in the starting circuits of the installation are triggered.

Then check the activation of the light warning device (light signal in the form of an inscription on the light board "Gas - do not enter!") In front of the protected room.

The installation is considered to have passed the test if the measured time corresponds to the delay time required in 4.19 and the warning devices are activated in accordance with 4.20.

10 Transport and storage

Requirements for the transportation and storage of the elements that make up the installations must be specified in the technical specifications for these elements.

______________________________

* Installations designed or reconstructed since the introduction of this standard.

** Test methods are intended to verify installations in which newly developed equipment, substances, products, materials are used.