Enotera is a perennial fairly common flowering plant. In nature, there are about a hundred species of this flower. Enotera belongs to the fireweed family and is most commonly grown as a perennial or biennial plant.
The flower, from twenty-five to one hundred and thirty centimeters high, with a beautiful goblet-shaped inflorescence, has other names, it is "queen of the night", "donkey", "night candle". The peculiarity of this plant is that the evening primrose flower blooms only one night, and at dawn it withers, but thanks to the evening primrose ability to actively form new inflorescences, new buds appear nearby, which allows the plant to smell bright colors and a pleasant aroma during all summer months. The flower itself is quite large, up to six centimeters in diameter. Depending on the species, the inflorescences can be yellow, white, pink or blue.
Due to its high decorative qualities, the most delicate aroma and ease of growing, the night candle plant is actively used to form group plantings in flower beds.
As a cultivated species, about twenty varieties of evening primrose are grown today. Most of them bloom only at night, but there are exceptions. Some species open their buds in bright sunlight.
Evening primrose plants, in addition to beautiful external data, have and medicinal properties... Alternative medicine presents it as effective remedy with stomach ailments, and also as a wound healing agent.
Flower beds in the garden are most often decorated with the following types of evening primrose:
- Large-flowered. This variety belongs to tall, stem height up to two meters. The flowers are large, juicy yellow in color and with a delicate aroma, which intensifies in the evening;
- Missouri evening primrose is an equally popular variety, the plant height does not exceed ten centimeters. This view has a long flowering period from the first days of summer to mid-autumn;
- Fragrant evening primrose is distinguished by the fact that it blooms during the day and feels great in the shade;
- Shrub, has not single stems, but a well-developed basal rosette from which several stems up to one meter high are formed, on which it blooms great amount yellow fragrant flowers.
All of these varieties are quite popular among gardeners. Their cultivation is not at all difficult and absolutely every beauty lover can do it. flora... Let's consider in more detail how planting is carried out and what kind of care is needed for perennial evening primrose.
Growing at home
Perennial Enotera on flower beds in the garden is the dream of any gardener. But in order for the flowers to please the eye and exude the most delicate aroma, you need to remember a few following rules. Self-cultivation begins with the acquisition of seeds. Then they are planted in open ground or in boxes for receiving seedlings.
And so, planting seeds in boxes is carried out as follows:
- appropriate planting containers are selected ( plastic containers, wooden boxes, clay pots), in which holes are made to drain excess water;
- the soil is being prepared (the soil should be light and fertile, it must be mixed with peat and river sand);
- seeds are sown into the soil, they are covered with earth by one centimeter on top and the soil is moistened with a spray bottle;
- to accelerate the germination of planting material and maintain a constant temperature and moisture, the boxes are covered with glass or polyethylene, which is removed after emergence.
This planting takes place in early March. Until the end of spring, the seedlings will grow up, get stronger and can be planted in open ground. And at the end of June, the biennial primrose will bloom.
It happens that evening primrose seeds are planted directly in flower beds. Then their planting should be carried out when the weather is warm. This is best done in mid-May. Landing seed material in open ground should be made to a depth of about three centimeters. But the primrose grown in this way will bloom only the next year. But that doesn't mean he doesn't need care.
Growing a donkey in the garden involves assigning it a certain place in the flower bed. There are a few things to consider. The donkey grows well in sunny and shaded areas. But this plant does not like excessive moisture, therefore, the soil, before planting, must be provided with a sufficient drainage layer of large pebbles. In addition, the soil is fertilized with humus at the rate of three kilograms of substance per one square meter and nitrophobic (two spoons per square meter). These fertilizers are well dug up, and the earth is then watered abundantly.
It is also worth taking care that the soil is light. To do this, e regular care of the plant, you need to include loosening of the soil in the flowerbed where the biennial primrose grows.
Evening primrose seedlings are planted in the middle of May. So that the bushes do not interfere with each other and develop well, group plantings should be done at a distance of fifty centimeters from each other, this is if the plant belongs to tall species, and if it is supposed to grow low-growing varieties, then a distance of ten to fifteen centimeters is quite enough. The seedling pits should match the size of the root system of the primrose.
Correct care
This garden plant is so unpretentious that its maintenance is minimal.
Flowers are rarely watered, it is easier for the roots to tolerate a slight drought than excessive moisture.
To ensure a long and plentiful flowering period for the primrose, its care should include periodic application nutrients into the soil. It is best to use special complex mineral fertilizers, which are applied to the soil every two weeks throughout the summer season.
Caring for flowers is not only watering and feeding, but also sanitizing the soil around them and removing wilted buds. This will ensure a more lush bloom.
A two-year-old donkey is sheltered for the winter, before that its aerial part is completely cut off.
With the arrival of spring, evening primrose bushes can be safely transplanted to a new place, if necessary.
Perennial evening primrose has practically no diseases and pests. Gardeners only in extremely rare cases encounter pests atypical for a given flower. Therefore, even if evening primrose care was organized at the lowest level, it will still show resistance to diseases and garden pests.
Evening primrose has a good ability to actively grow and capture new territory with the help of many stepchildren who put down its well-developed roots. Therefore, the proximity of other plants to it often becomes impossible, since the evening primrose absorbs them. Therefore, it is recommended to plant these flowers in individual group plantings or in some way limit the freedom of root growth. This can be done using special restraints that are dug into the ground around the plants.
Reproduction
Self-cultivation of evening primrose allows us to talk about its reproduction at home. This process is possible in two ways:
- seeds;
- dividing the bush;
- stepchildren.
How evening primrose reproduces by seeds, we examined in detail a little higher. We only note that if there are flowers on garden plot, the planting material can be collected independently and young specimens can be grown from them.
Dividing a bush is also a pretty easy way. The perennial evening primrose has a well-developed rhizome, which at the age of four to five years can be safely divided into several parts. Such manipulation not only contributes to the reproduction of the species, but is also a way to rejuvenate the evening primrose.
The technique of dividing a bush is quite simple. The flowers are watered abundantly and then dug up. The root is carefully peeled from the earth and divided into several parts with a sharp garden knife. The separated parts can be planted immediately in the ground following the planting technique described above.
As for the reproduction of stepsons, we note the high ability of perennial evening primrose, around the mother bush to form young stepsons. It is precisely them that can be safely dug up and transplanted into new flower beds.
Note only one important point in the reproduction of evening primrose - all the above actions are carried out exclusively in the spring.
Perennial evening primrose is simply enough to grow in the garden. An unpretentious, but beautiful, long-lasting and abundantly flowering plant will delight the eye on summer evenings and charm with the most delicate fragrance.
– this is perennial flower, which is known for its second names, namely: "night primrose" or "evening candle". The plant has earned such names due to its golden color of buds and abundant flowering in the evenings.
Did you know? The evening primrose genus includes a large number of annual, biennial and perennial herbal plants.
Taking care of a golden miracle is not very difficult, and we will prove it to you in this article.
The main types of evening primrose
There are about 150 species of evening primrose that are in demand by florists. Gardeners especially adore several types of plants: Fragrant, Large-flowered, Shrub, Missouri and Quadrangular.
Fragrant
This evening primrose loves shade very much. So the planting site should be in the shade, or there should be a small canopy nearby to shade the plant. Enotera Fragrant grows up to 1 m in height and is in perfect harmony with other flowers due to its growth. Evening primrose flowers are yellow and large. This species is special in that it can leave its buds open all day.
Large-flowered
Large-flowered evening primrose is also called two-year-old. It is one of the most popular species in the primrose culture and grows up to 2 meters. The flowers are bright yellow with a pleasant aroma, which is especially felt in the evenings or at night.
Did you know? They call her a donkey, most likely, because evening primrose leaves look like donkey ears.
Shrub
This plant differs from other evening primrose species in that it grows up to 90 cm in height and has strong, well-branched stems with yellow branches. It is the flowers that make the evening primrose attractive, especially in autumn, when the leaves of the plant turn blood-red.
The homeland of this variety is the south North America.
It is a perennial herb that grows up to 40 cm in height. This undersized variety of evening primrose has large single flowers that reach up to 10 cm in diameter. In shape, the flowers resemble cups. Enotera Missouri is unusual in that it blooms all summer until the very frost. The aroma is delicate and gives off citrus notes.
The homeland of this plant species is the east of North America. Enotera quadrangular grows up to 70 cm in length and has yellow thyroid inflorescences about 45 cm in size. These frost-resistant plants reproduce by dividing the bush. The flowering time of evening primrose tetrahedral is from June to August.
Features of planting and breeding evening primrose
Planting evening primrose will not be difficult for florists, as well as caring for the plant. It is from seeds that plant life begins. The main thing is to choose right place for planting evening primrose seeds. We will talk about this in the following sections.
Sowing seeds in open ground
Enotera is very fond of sunny places, so if your plot is on the south side, then the seeds are planted directly in the open ground. It is not very easy to grow evening primrose from seeds, as the plant requires certain conditions.
Evening primrose seeds are harvested until the end of September, but if the gardener for some reason did not do this, then the ants will simply spread them throughout the site.
Important! Evening primrose does not tolerate stagnant moisture, so the best place for planting there will be loam and sandy loam soil.
Immediately before planting the seeds, the soil must be fertilized with potassium-phosphorus fertilizing and humus. The site for planting is dug up one shovel in depth and watered abundantly. Seeds are sown to a depth of 3 cm and covered with soil.
Planting evening primrose seedlings
Evening primrose can be planted directly in open ground, but some gardeners germinate seeds for seedlings initially. This has a definite plus, since the flowering of the plant occurs in the first year after planting.
To do this, florists plant seeds in peat pots in February. Cover the pot with foil until the first shoots appear. Then the film must be removed and watered sparingly until the plant has 5-6 leaves. Such seedlings dive into open ground no earlier than May. The depth of the holes for planting should be at least 50 cm. The distance between evening primrose seedlings should be 60 cm. After planting, the soil is moistened.
Did you know? Enotera is one of the plants that can turn an ordinary summer evening into a fairy tale.
Dividing the bush
The cultivation of this plant is not limited to seeds. You can use a method such as dividing the evening primrose bush. In May or early September, the bushes are divided into divisions and transplanted to a new place. Basically, creeping roots with a growing point are chosen.
Transplanting can be done throughout the season, even during flowering.Plants are tenacious and can maintain their appearance without water and soil for several days. After transplanting, the roots take root well and grow quickly.
Important! Do not repot the plant during hot periods of summer, as evening primrose can dry out.
Combining evening primrose with other plants
Because evening primrose has very strong roots that develop quickly, flowers can be uncomfortable for some plants if planted too close.
Evening primrose plants look beautiful and harmonious in group plantings. Tall varieties look great in the background, and bells or daylilies can be placed below.
If you have low evening primrose varieties, you can plant them on alpine coaster with lobelias.
How to care for evening primrose on the site
After planting evening primrose, you need to provide the plant with proper care.
Enotera does not like the constant stagnation of water at the roots, which leads to decay and death of the flower. The flower is watered in hot and dry periods of summer, since at this time the earth dries up greatly. Young plants, however, require abundant and frequent watering.
In the first year, evening primrose does not require fertilization, since a nutrient substrate has already been added to the soil before planting. In the following years of life, the plant must be fertilized with compost. During active flowering and growth, potassium sulfate and wood ash are added to the top dressing.
Also, the soil under the plant should be constantly loosened. This saturates the earth with oxygen. Removing weeds is also important, as they can stunt plant growth.
Did you know? Evening primrose oil improves the well-being of women on critical days, helps to maintain a figure, and reduces the deposition of fat in tissues.
Autumn procedures and evening evening primrose shelter for the winter
Evening primrose pruning is carried out once, in the fall, since all aerial parts of the flower are cut off at soil level.
The plant is frost-resistant and does not need a strong shelter for the winter. After you have pruned the evening primrose, it will be enough to cover the ground with a layer of up to 5 cm in height. Peat or compost is used as protection. In the first year, young plants are covered with spruce branches. Enotera hibernates without problems and practically does not require care during this period.
Those who like to admire the view of the evening garden will like the perennial evening primrose: planting and caring for the plant will delight blooming flower bed closer to sunset. It is not for nothing that it is called the evening star or the night violet.
Evening primrose description: varieties and varieties
When buying seeds, you need to carefully look at the photo and description of the perennial evening primrose variety - growing a flower can surprise you, since the range of its height can vary from 20 cm to 2 m.The evening primrose buds are large, the petals are yellow, pink, red, carmine, white color with deep veins.
Evening primrose grandiflorum
An interesting feature of the plant is its ability to dissolve petals at night, as well as in cloudy cool weather. The life of a flower lasts no more than a day, but the next night, new fresh buds bloom to replace the old ones.
Popular evening primrose varieties are:
- large-flowered - it has large buds and an enviable height, about 2 m. The flower petals are rich yellow. The top of the shoot is decorated with an inflorescence of several tight buds and blossoming flowers at once.
- missouri is a low-growing plant variety. Low shoots bear single, but rather large flowers - up to 10 cm in diameter.
- shrub - unlike other representatives of the plant, it forms a branched stem, the shoots of which are densely covered with flowers. On average, it reaches a height of about 1 m.
Planting a plant
A place for growing a perennial is chosen in the shade. The optimal type of soil is loam. Areas where water stagnation is noticed are pre-drained.
Evening primrose missouri
Experienced growers practice growing evening primrose from seeds. For this:
- In early spring, seeds are sown in pots.
- Crop care consists in moisturizing the nutrient substrate.
- In May, the seedlings are moved to open ground.
- The hole is prepared with a depth equal to the earthen coma of the seedlings extracted from the pot.
- After transplantation, abundant watering of the plantings is carried out.
You can sow seeds directly into open ground. However, in this case, flowering can be expected no earlier than in a year.
Important. Evening primrose seeds are very small, so the crops are sown at a shallow depth - up to 5 mm.
Plant care
Enotera is famous for its unpretentious care. It is enough to remove aggressive weeds from the plantings from time to time, as well as carry out regular watering.
Council. To prevent the flower bed from losing its decorative attractiveness, fading flowers should be removed more often.
At the end of the warm season, the aerial part of the perennial is cut off. Rhizomes winter in open ground... In regions with very harsh winter months the flowerbed is insulated with mulch or non-woven covering material.
Fertilizing and feeding evening primrose
It is recommended to pre-fertilize the site for planting evening primrose. Reproduction will be successful where 3 kg of humus and 2 tbsp were previously embedded in the soil. l. nitrofoski per 1 sq. m. It is also useful to add ash to the soil.
Important. These works are combined with shallow digging of the arable layer of the garden bed - to a depth of about 15-20 cm.
In the future, when caring for a flower bed, fertilizing is used for flowering plants... Superphosphate is used before bud formation. At the beginning of the flowering period, calcium sulfate is added. Along with the introduction of fertilizers, watering is carried out.
Plant propagation
Evening primrose reproduction is possible not only by sowing seeds, but also by dividing the bushes of the plant. The perennial takes root very well, it can be moved to a new place even during the flowering period.
Evening primrose shrub
The plant generously forms young shoots next to it. These shoots can also serve planting material for flower propagation. Evening primrose has a very developed root system, and you need to be prepared for the fact that you will need a planting pit about 50 cm deep.
Diseases and pests
- spray the flower bed with an infusion of chopped onions and husks;
- aphids do not like processing with an aqueous solution of ash;
- insects cannot stand spraying with weakly concentrated ammonia diluted with water.
Evening primrose can suffer from fungal infections. Planting flowers in wet weather annoys powdery mildew... Caring for diseased plants consists in removing severely affected leaves and spraying with a solution of soda ash and soap, processing with colloidal sulfur.
Perennial evening primrose: combination with other plants
The combination of evening primrose with other plants has its own characteristics. Root system perennial quickly spreads to the territory of neighbors in the flower bed. Therefore, when growing in open ground, it makes sense to arrange a sectoral multi-level flower bed, digging slate or other insulating material between the evening primrose bushes and other plants.
Enotera in landscape design
From an aesthetic point of view, low-growing evening primrose in landscape design goes well with bells, daylilies, delphinium. Tall perennial flowers are good in the open field next to the gravilata plantings, surrounded by ground cover decorative deciduous plants.
Enotera perennial in landscape design
In landscape design, evening primrose is used to achieve various goals. Tall perennial varieties you can apply:
- to decorate the top of the background of a triangular flower bed;
- in the center of a multi-level round flower garden;
- in complex pattern mixborders.
High grades will look good near decorative arches, at the lattice walls of arbors, fences.
Low-growing perennial evening primrose in the open field will become wonderful decoration garden paths... Such varieties in landscape design are grown in the foreground of flower beds. On the alpine hills, these varieties are picturesquely entwined with various decorative elements: stones, jugs, logs.
It's also worth paying attention to evening primrose if you don't know what to plant in the shadiest corner of your garden. Then this night beauty will delight her bright flowers and in the daytime. And besides, he will generously give household plot pleasant delicate aroma.
Evening primrose planting and care (video)
https://youtu.be/THu96qern0A
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The charming cups of evening primrose flowers, similar to shining lanterns, reveal their true beauty only when the sun is not shining. Known as “evening candle” or “night primrose”, evening primrose is a legend. Enotera became famous for its bright golden color and special charm. This is one of rare plantsable to open flowers in a matter of minutes and only in the evenings. Despite the fact that among evening primrose there are also annual plants, exactly perennial species deserve special love. Moreover, looking after this twilight star is not at all difficult.
Striking appearance of perennial garden evening primrose
Evening primrose ( Oenothera) unite into one genus similar in appearance, but different in essence, plants from the number of annuals, biennials and perennials. Perennial species are the most popular representatives of the evening primrose family.
Evening primrose is prone to rapid growth, it captures neighboring territories, creates dense cushion bushes from straight or creeping shoots. The crown is thick and delicate, lush, bright. Lanceolate, oval or feathery evening primrose leaves densely dot the shoots, but create only a neutral background for fragrant large flowers. They are collected in pairs or in a cluster of inflorescences, appear almost tirelessly throughout the summer and often almost completely hide the greenery.
Enotera is an evening flower. The plant reveals its charming simple and such pretty "cups" only on the threshold of dusk. Moreover, the flower opens in a few minutes with a charming click, as if by the wave of someone's magic wand. Thereby unique property Evening primrose is often called the ideal culture for a meditative garden, inviting you to get away from the hustle and bustle of everyday life and enjoy peace and quiet in the company of the wonders of nature. Enotera is a symbol of the end of the working day and the beginning of rest, a festive and surprisingly spectacular plant.
Evening primrose has become famous as one of the most spectacular yellow-flowering crops. But really color palette perennial evening primrose flowers are wider and include white, pink, and purple hues.
The best representatives of perennial evening primrose
In our country, all perennial evening primrose are usually called yellow, although in fact there is no separate species with such a name. Of course, all perennial evening primrose with dense foliage and goblet large flowers, which seem to be made of silk, are similar, including in terms of cultivation. But each species also has its own flowering characteristics. To the most popular evening primrose plants suitable for growing in conditions middle band belong evening primrose, stemless, beautiful and Missouri.
(Oenothera fruticosa) - the most reliable and winter-hardy of evening primrose. Semi-shrubs about 1 m high conquer with dark oval leaves, forming a dense crown and fragrant five-centimeter flowers of a bright yellow color.
(Oenothera speciosa) quickly degenerates, but surprisingly effective. Its oblong leaves, together with flexible shoots, create an openwork pillow, on which cup-shaped white-pink inflorescences bloom en masse, as if covering the bushes with a blanket. It is stored for the winter with digging from the soil or grown in containers.
Evening primrose missouri (Oenothera missouriensis) is distinguished by larger flowers, reaching 10 cm in diameter, and rising shoots. Golden flowers seem to be curious heads, almost completely hide the leaves, which gives the whole plant originality.
(Oenothera acaulis) Is an amazingly graceful representative of the genus. She forms rosettes of lanceolate leaves, from which, as if slightly shy, bright flowers appear. On cloudy days and with the onset of darkness, funnel-shaped flowers with a light yellow corolla up to 7 cm in diameter shine brightly and catch the eye.Enothera leaves and the nature of its growth are more reminiscent of hosts, but during flowering the plant transforms, hiding behind rare, but surprisingly bright against the background of cold greenery with yellow "lanterns" of flowers.
Use in garden decoration:
- for blooming spots on the lawn or in landscape groups;
- on flower beds and beds with shading;
- in rockeries and rock gardens;
- for the design of borders;
- in the foreground of flower beds and in texture spots;
- to fill bald spots and voids;
- for decorating flower beds or flower beds near the recreation area and terrace;
- in ribbon beds and borders along buildings;
- in the front garden.
The best partners for evening primrose will be bells, lobelia, veronica, astilba, ageratum - plants in which the texture of greenery and the type of flowering will be contrasting.
Comfortable conditions for perennial evening primrose
Evening primrose does not have strict requirements for the lighting regime. They grow equally well in partial shade and in the brightest sun, but strong shading is best avoided. In places where evening primrose will not have enough sunlight, they will release buds, but their flowers will not open by evening. In partial shade, evening primrose flowers sometimes bloom during the day.
Select the soil from among light and well-drained soils. Pay attention to the acidity: the soil must be neutral, fresh and nutritious.
Planting evening primrose
For successful development for many years and abundant flowering, time should be taken to improve the soil before planting evening primrose. For each square meter, you need to add 2 tbsp. full of mineral fertilizers (nitrophosphate) and about 3 kg of humus or compost. The soil must be dug to an average depth. The day before planting, the soil is watered abundantly.
Evening primrose, even in massifs, is planted in individual planting holes. After planting, the plants are watered abundantly, in a too hot place they shade.
Watering for evening primrose
Perennial evening primrose tolerate drought well. In order to achieve a spectacular flowering, it is enough 1-2 times per summer to carry out additional deep watering, using 1.5-2 buckets of water for each square meter of plantings.
Top dressing for evening primrose
These perennials are not very demanding on soil fertility and with the help of fertilizers, you only need to maintain a minimum level of nutrients in the soil. For evening primrose, they are usually limited to one top dressing - 1 tablespoon of potassium sulfate and superphosphate during flowering for each square meter of soil. You can replace mineral fertilizers with wood ash, or feed with nitrophos at the budding stage.
Pruning evening primrose
Fading stems are not removed from this plant, because they do not affect the duration and effectiveness of flowering. If evening primrose grows in the foreground and the plant is clearly visible, then wilted inflorescences are best removed to preserve the aesthetics of the bushes.
The only pruning of evening primrose is done in the fall, when all aboveground parts of the plant are cut to soil levels.
Other components of care:
- weeding or mulching for young plants (adult evening primrose plants do not give weeds a chance themselves);
- light loosening of the soil;
- garter shoots to maintain the compactness of tall species.
Diseases and pests
In the vicinity of diseased plants, evening primrose is often damaged by aphids or fungal diseases. Usually, it is enough to remove the leaves affected by fungi from the plant - and it will cope with the problem on its own. Spraying with fungicides is used only in rare cases. But with aphids, it is better to immediately fight with insecticides.
Preparation for wintering
Enotera is a fairly hardy plant and does not need strong shelter for the winter. After all the ground parts have been removed, it is enough to mulch the soil with a layer up to 5 cm high. protective materials you can use compost or peat. In the first year after planting, young evening primrose should be covered with spruce branches or a dry leaf.
Rejuvenation and transplant
Evening primrose degenerates rather quickly and grows very actively. If the growth rate is too fast or there are signs of deterioration of flowering in spring, it is better to divide the bushes and transfer them to a new place. Most often, you have to divide the plants every 3-4 years.
Evening primrose reproduction
These perennials can be propagated both vegetatively and by seeds.
Bushes form a large number of young growth, and it can be used as independent plants if desired. But it is enough and simple to divide large bushes in May or September, using large parts with a powerful bunch of roots.
Seeds of perennial evening primrose are sown in the soil in May and in greenhouses in April. They are buried by 5-10 cm and, before the emergence of shoots, they must always maintain a constant light moisture content of the soil.
Perennial evening primrose belong to the numerous genus of Donkeys or Evening primrose (Oenothera). His representatives can be found throughout the globe... Many decorative speciesused in garden decoration, bred artificially.
All varieties are characterized by the presence of brightly colored inflorescences - monochromatic or striped. IN colors yellow and white shades predominate, blue and red are less common. Each flower has 4 petals, a pistil and 8 stamens.
Popular types of evening primrose and flower photos
More than 140 varieties are known in the genus. Some of them can only be grown as annuals, others live for many years. And a species like Enotera two-year-old has a very fleshy nutritive root, which is used in cooking as a vegetable.
It is considered a perennial, but degenerates into short time... In general, an unpretentious and very elegant plant, but it has a low resistance to frost and often freezes out during cold winters. It grows naturally in warm climates in the southern United States.
It begins to bloom in the year of sowing, releasing over 20 shoots. Inflorescences gather in spikelets of atypical pink and white color. Each flower is shaped like an oriental bowl and has a strong aroma.
A photo. Evening primrose beautiful
A heat-loving perennial native to Chile. So far, we rarely get divorced. As the name implies, this species lacks stems, and leaves form basal rosettes. In each outlet, only one inflorescence appears, which practically lies on the ground.
The flower opens only in the evening, by morning it dies, and a new one takes its place. Wild forms are white in color, cultural ones are pale yellow. This species is unpretentious, resistant to drought, tolerates frosty winters well. Seeds germinate only after stratification.
A perennial dwarf shrub that grows rapidly, filling large areas. It came to us from North America with a fairly cold climate. It is considered the most hardy and unpretentious species among evening primrose.
A photo. Evening primrose shrub
Stems reach a height of 70 to 110 cm. Inflorescences are formed at the tops. They are always painted in bright yellow, bloom in the late afternoon. The diameter does not exceed 6 cm.
Low-growing herbaceous perennial. Stems 35–45 cm long are raised above the soil. Came to Europe from the Central regions of North America. It differs from other species in a large diameter of flowers and less resistance to adverse living conditions.
Numerous inflorescences are formed at the top of the shoots, practically hiding green stems and leaves. Painted yellow with a golden sheen.
A photo. Evening primrose missouri
Planting evening primrose
In one place, most species of perennial evening primrose can grow for a very long time, absolutely not requiring additional fertilizing or any special soil composition. Unpretentious plants thrive on any soil with any reaction. The only exceptions are dense and very poor in microelements clayey lands.
Seat selection
Planting evening primrose should be guided by the illumination. This plant will release yellow lights of inflorescences only when it is constantly in the bright sun. In partial shade, there will be much fewer flowers, and in the shade you can not wait for them at all.
ATTENTION! There is a myth that evening primrose flowers bloom in the evening and stay open all night. This is true only of the stemless donkey. The rest bloom as expected, opening inflorescences under the bright morning sun and curling up towards night or in cloudy weather.
Sowing seeds and seedlings
Planting material can be purchased at any specialized store. If you sow seeds immediately in open ground on the street, in the first year, you can only get a leaf outlet. And such plants will be able to bloom next summer. Planted in February seedling method the seedlings will bloom in the current summer season.
Enotera planted with seedlings in February, will already give flowers this summer
Before sowing, seeds, fine as dust, are recommended to be mixed with sand and not deeply buried. Sowing seeds directly into the ground and transplanting seedlings is done in May, after all threats of cold weather and frost have passed. Plants are planted in separate holes at a distance of 15 × 25 cm.
Evening primrose care
Watering
Evening primrose plants are considered drought-resistant, but it is vital to water them on time! If you keep the plants in a well-lit area and moisten like cacti once a month, you can get a clearing dried and scorched by the sun without the slightest sign of vegetation.
Therefore, the primrose must be watered at least once a week, especially when complete absence rains. Water can be poured under the root or from above from a watering can. On especially hot and dry days, the frequency of watering is increased, preventing the plants from wilting.
IMPORTANT! The assurances that excessive moisture threatens the roots of evening primrose decay is true only if the plant lives in a swamp, where the earth does not dry out at all.
Plant feeding
It is necessary to feed with a mixture of phosphate and potassium
In order for the evening primrose to feel and develop perfectly, one feeding for the whole season is enough. During the formation of buds and flowers, it is recommended to add a mixture of phosphate and potassium to the soil. Consumption rate - for a dessert spoon of each substance per one square meter of planting.
Pruning evening primrose and preparing for winter
You need to cut the prune only in the fall. Faded and completely dried stems are cut off completely, preparing the plant for wintering. Then the plantings can be covered with coniferous branches or special materialif the plants are very young or severe frosts are expected.
Rejuvenation
Perennial evening primrose is able to grow in one area for many years. Naturally, over time, the plantings degenerate and begin to lose their decorative effect. Old plants become smaller, do not bloom so abundantly and for a long time.
To rejuvenate evening primrose, it must be completely dug out of the ground. The seedlings are carefully divided into several parts, trying not to damage the roots, and are planted in new areas. The operation can be carried out in September, but it is better to postpone it to May so that the evening primrose has time to calmly settle down in a new place.
Evening primrose propagates by seeds and dividing the bush
Evening primrose reproduces in two ways: by seeds and by dividing the bush into parts. In the fall, you can collect ripe seeds and sow them next spring. They retain their germination and suitability for about 3 years. It is even easier to purchase seeds at any garden center.
Dividing a bush simultaneously produces several new plants and rejuvenates old ones. It is enough to dig the plant out of the soil and carefully separate the roots. You can simply dig up young growth without affecting the adult evening primrose.
Diseases and methods of struggle
Evening primrose can only get sick if you make gross mistakes in caring for her.
- If you constantly flood the plant or plant in a wetland with constant stagnation groundwater, a fungus can attack the primrose, causing root rot. The diseased plant will lose its turgor and will stand withered even after watering. To save the flowers, it is necessary to transplant them to another place and treat them with fungicides such as Rovral, Skor and Fundazol.
- If you do not water the evening primrose on time, it will also lose turgor. The leaves of the plant will droop, drooping with dull rags. It is very easy to fix this problem! It is enough just to water the donkey.
Pests and how to deal with them
To combat caterpillars, use drugs Aktara, Agravertin and other analogues
If the tracks are few, you can simply assemble them by hand. When a large number larvae can be sprayed with modern insecticides: Aktara, Agravertin, Biotlin, Avant.
Perennial evening primrose in landscape design
Here full list places where you can use evening primrose:
- curbs along the paths;
- rockeries;
- discounts;
- rock gardens;
- front gardens;
- flower beds of any shape;
- garden pots and other containers.
Enotera can be used to fill voids in flower beds and lawns, be used as a bright spot among green grass, and can be used in landscape complexes.
Evening primrose blends with many of the plants in the club
You can combine it with most garden plants... True, some species of evening primrose can simply be hammered if you do not control its reproduction. So that the growth does not occupy areas not intended for it, you can dig in sheets of iron or slate around the thickets.
Ideal neighbors of evening primrose are:
- ageratums;
- lobelia;
- garden bells;
- veronica;
- petunias;
- snapdragon;
- lavaters;
- astilbe.
These plants create contrast with dark leaves and bright yellow flowers primrose, emphasizing their beauty and originality favorably.
It will be useful and interesting to watch the video material on this flower, we wish you a pleasant viewing.