English than the proposal expressed an addition. Addition

1. Supplement - this is a secondary member of the sentence that means thing:

• the object to which the action applies;

  Writing a letter ; I listen to music .

• object - the addressee of the action;

  I am writing a friend.

• object - instrument or means of action;

  I am writing a handle.

• the object on which the state is distributed;

  I'm sad.

• object comparison, etc.

  Faster me.

2. Supplement answers questions indirect case:

• parental case - who? what?

  Choice of profession .

• conductive case - who? What?

  I am writing a friend.

• accusative case - who? what?

  Writing a letter .

• certificate case - who? than?

  I am writing a handle.

• proposed case - about whom? about what?

  I think about a friend.

3. Supplement may relate to:

• verb to the leaky;

  Writing a letter .

• chief or secondary member, expressed nouns;

  Loss of horse; Hope for happiness.

• chief or secondary member expressed by adjective or communion;

  Strict kids; Thinking about children.

• the main or secondary member expressed by adverb.

  Unnoticed for others.

Methods for expressing add-on

Notes.

1) The combinations are a single member of the sentence - the addition in the same cases, in which a single member are combinations - subject to (see paragraph 1.2).

2) Infinitive with a hidden verb is a supplement, and not the main part of the faithful, if its action refers to a secondary member ( I asked him to leave), not to subject to I decided to leave). For detailed analysis of such cases, see p. 1.4.

3) Since the questions and forms of nominative and vinitive cases, the vinitive and beneficial cases may coincide, to delimit the subject and additions, use the reception referred to in paragraph 1.2: Put instead of the word-checked form book (nominative - book; Genitive - books; accusative - book. For example: Good snow harvest will gather (Wed: Good book book will gather). Hence, snowball - nominative; yield - accusative).

4. At the form of expression, two varieties of additions are distinguished:

direct Supplement - a form of a vinitive case without an excuse;

Writing (what?) letter; washing (what?) lingerie; listen (what?) music.

indirect Supplement - all other forms, including the form of a vinitive case with a pretext.

Fight (for what?) for freedom ; gave (who?) to me .

Notes.

1) In negative proposals, the form of a vinitive case of direct addition may vary on the form of a genitive case (Wed: I wrote (what?) letter. - I did not write (What?) letters). If the form of the parent case in addition is preserved both when approving and denial, then such an addition is indirect (Wed: To me lacks (What?) money . - I have enough (What?) money).

2) an addition, expressed by the infinitive, does not have a form of case ( I asked him to leave). Therefore, such additions are not characterized by either direct or as indirect.

Upgrade analysis plan

1. Specify the type of supplement (direct - indirect).
2. Indicate which morphological form is expressed by the addition.

Sample analysis

I ask you to speak essentially (M. Gorky).

You - Direct addition, expressed by pronoun in the vinegenic case without an excuse. Speak - Supplement expressed by infinitive. Cause - An indirect addition, expressed by nouns in the parental case.

Night did not bring coolness (A.N. Tolstoy).

Cooked - Direct addition, expressed by nouns in the parental case without an excuse (during denying - did not bring ). Wed: Night brought (what?) cool (V.p.).

In the simple offer, the direct and indirect addition is distinguished. We indicate how the direct and indirect addition is expressed, how to distinguish them in the proposal.

One of the minor members of the sentence is the addition. Depending on the part of the speech and the case of a word controlled by a ledent, expressed transitional or non-transit verb, we will specify a direct or indirect addition.

A direct addition indicates a direct object of action, feelings and is expressed by the form of a vinitive case without an excuse (write what? Letter).

Direct supplement depends on:

• transition verb (write what? Letter, love that / whom? Homeland, sister);
• some adoles, expressing feeling, condition (it is a pity that / who? Bag, girl; hurt what? hand).

Direct addition can be expressed by the form of a genitive case in the following cases:

• if during transition verbs there is a denial (I do not see what? Bags, I do not know what? Rules);
• if the supplement after the transition verb indicates the subject, only partially exposed to action (eat cheese - not all, and part);
• if the supplement after the transition verb indicates a large number of items exposed to action (to make errors).

There are direct additions in the form of a genitive case and in some adverbs (sorry why? Time, money).

Direct supplement Indicates the object to which the action is directed, indicated by the faugible, pronounced transition verb.

For example:

Today I caught the fish (A. S. Pushkin).

Caught who? Fish.

"Fish" - This is a direct addition, expressed by animated noun in the form of a vinitive case. It is controlled by the transition verb "Caught" (catch off? what?), that is, the action indicated by them is moving to the subject.

A direct addition may also depend on the words of the category of state (predicative adverbs):

It is a pity (who?) Girl, orphans fecusha (N. Nekrasov).

I feel sorry (what?) The joy of the past and even the past pity (what?) Of suffering (N. Ogarev).

All other additions expressed by the forms of a vinitive case with a pretext (fall in love with a classmate) and other cases, with pretexts and without them (call brother, come to the doctor, to cover with a cloak, meet with a friend, etc.), are called indirect.

Methods for expressing direct addition

Direct addition is usually expressed:

1. Nouns in the form of a vinitive case without an excuse:

• i will mine (what?) A bowl;
• focused (whom?) Kitten;
• welcome (what?) Message;

2. Nouns in the form of a genitive case without an excuse:

a) The action is directed to a part or an indefinite amount of the subject:

• let's drink? water;
• we sing what? pancakes;
• i will renance what? sausages;
• passed (what?) Mushrooms;

b) with a negative fault with a particle "Not":

• did not see the movie;
• i did not hear a response;

3. non-free phrase:

• bought (what?) A couple of gloves;
• acquired (what?) Music center.

Indirect supplement

An indirect addition is so called, due to the fact that it is expressed by the forms of indirect case of nouns, pronoun without prepositions and with pretexts, including a form of a vinitive case with a pretext.

Ways to express indirect additions

1. Noun and pronoun in the form of indirect cases:

• drink (what?) Sports;
• believe (what?) in victory;
• go (what?) Skiing;
• sympathized (to whom?) Friend;
• harvest (what?) Sickle;
• go out (to whom?) To it.

2. An indirect addition can also be expressed by the words of other parts of speech and phrases:

• quantitative or collective numeral in the case;
• undefined verb shape (infinitive);
• non-gripped phrase;
• phraseologism.

This number is divided (how much?) To four.

Add these brushes (what?) To five pencils.

Everyone began to ask Natasha and Artem (what about?) S noting yet.

Teacher told (who?) To us (about whom?) About Mikhail Lomonosov.

Mom invited to the house (whom?) Wizards for all hands - Stepan.

In school, everyone teachs Russian, which is a supplement, known to many students. True, it happens that this topic is explained by this topic not very well or the student simply misses the disease, and then it cannot understand it yourself. But the question of the addition is not so complicated, and we will now tell about it.

Supplement is a minor element of a proposal that indicates that some action is performed above the subject.

Types of add-ons

Supplements exist direct and indirect. What is a direct addition, and what is an indirect addition, we will tell you now. Direct are supplements in the vinegenic case without an excuse. All others are indirect. Examples of direct additions: let's give flowers, read the book, did repairs. Examples of an indirect addition: Thinks about the future, we work at the factory, fanning by fan. Here are examples of add-ons responsible for various cases:

R.p. - Who? What? - We have no (what?) Salts

D.p. - Who? What? - Darius (who?) You book

V.p. - Who? what? - sees (what?) goal

T. P. - Who? than? - I admire (by whom?) By this man

P. P. - O Com? about what? - told (about what?) About travel.

The complement during the syntaxial analysis of the proposal is highlighted by the dotted line. Now for a better understanding, what is an addition, we give examples from the proposals.

• On the street, children played the ball. - "in the ball" is a supplement; playing what? - into the ball.
• Young man sent her beloved rose. - Here are two additions: "beloved" and "roses". "Favorite" is an addition in the spiritual case, "Roses" is a direct addition in the vinegenic case.
• Olga dreamed of great happiness. - "On Happiness" - the addition in the proposed case.

In Russian, all words that are part of proposals are either the main members or secondary. The main components and point out the subject of which are in the statement, and on its action, and all other words in the design are distributing. Among them, linguists allocate definitions, circumstances and additions. Without secondary members of the sentence, it would be impossible to tell about any event in detail, without missing any little thing, and therefore the value of the data of the sentences cannot be overvalued. In this article, we will talk about the role of additions in Russian.

Thanks to this member of the sentence, it is easy to construct a complete statement, which will indicate not only the action of the main character of the narrative, but also allocated the subject with which this thing is connected. So, in order not to get confused, you should begin the analysis of this topic from the very beginning. After all, only observing the sequence, you can learn the great and mighty Russian.

Definition

Supplement is a secondary sentence of a sentence, which indicates the result of the main person's action in the proposal or to which this action is directed. Can be expressed as follows:

1. Personal pronoun or name noun used in indirect case forms. In the sentence can be used as with a pretext, so without it (I listen to music and think about him).
2. Any part of speech performing the function of the noun (she looked at the included people).
3. Often add-ons in Russian are expressed by infinitive (parents asked her to sing).
4. A free phraseological combination of the name of the noun and numeral, used in the parental case (he opened six tabs.).
5. Associated and sustainable phraseological combination (he said not hang nose).

Function and add-on

In Russian, the addition is responsible for cases, namely: "Who?", "Who?", "Who?", "OK?", "What?" "What?", "What?", "What about?" In the proposal, this mining member has an explanation function and may refer to the following parts of speech:

1. To the verb used as a faith (I am writing a letter).
2. To the name of the noun as any member of the offer (Hope for the Father).
3. To the communion or name of the adjective, used as any of the members of the sentence (weighing CROU; strict to her daughter).
4. To advently as any of the membership members (unnoticed for you).

Types of add-ons

If this member of the proposal depends on the verb, then it can be two types:

1. Direct add-ons in Russian are used without prepositions and are expressed by transient verbs in such words indicate the subject to which, one way or another, applies to the action of the main person. For example: I remember well the day when we met. If the faithful in the sentence is a transition verb and stands in the form of negative, then it can use a direct addition to the parental case without an excuse (but not to return the days of the past). In the case of impersonal-predicative words, in the proposal, the addition is also used in the form of a genitive case and without a pretext when "sorry" and "sorry" (and we are sorry for something light).
2. Indirect add-ons in Russian are expressed in words in the form of a vinitive case used with pretexts, and in others without prepositions (she jumped up and began to peer into the window with a restless look; his attempts to establish relations with classmates were crowned with success).

Values \u200b\u200bof direct add-ons

Direct add-ons in Russian, used in verbs, may indicate the following objects:

1. The subject resulting from the action (I will build a house in the village).
2. The subject or face that is exposed to action (father caught fish and brought home).
3. The object to which the feeling is directed (I love winter evenings and walks along the snow-covered street).
4. The object of development and knowledge (she knew foreign languages \u200b\u200band could communicate fluently; she was interested in philosophy and foreign literature).
5. The space that is overcome by the main face (I'll go around the whole globe, we are crossing cosmic).
6. The object of desire or thought (now I remembered it).

The values \u200b\u200bof indirect additions without prepositions

An indirect addition in Russian, used without prepositions, can have the following values:

1. The relationship of items in question in the phrase or sentence, namely the object to which the action is directed (harvested).
2. The object of achievement or touch (today received a diploma; he will be happy when only her hands touches).
3. The subject to which the action is performed (not cut down and the ax that is written in the heart).
4. The subject or state that complements the action (the bear killed by them was very large; he should be sorry).

The meaning of indirect add-ons with pretexts

Indirect add-ons that cannot be used in context without prepositions, the following shades of values \u200b\u200bcan be purchased in the proposal:

1. The material from which one or another subject is made (the house is built out of stone).
2. The subject to which the action applies (the waves are splashing about the stone).
3. A person or subject, which causes the condition (father worried about the Son).
4. The object to which thoughts and feelings are directed. (He told the benefits of his work.).
5. The subject from which is removed (he left why at home at an early age.).
6. A person who participates in the commission of the main action (at the arrival of his grandchildren surrounded the grandmother and kissed it for a long time.).

Supplement as part of turnover

In Russian, there are such concepts as a valid and suffering. And in that and in another case, it is a special phrase, in the design of which includes the main and considered secondary sentence.

The actual turnover is considered in the case when the addition is the person to which the action is directed, and the main member of the sentence is expressed by the transitional verb. For example: Narvnaya bouquet, cut lawn.

Praeling is called the turnover, which is at the heart subject to exposure, and the addition indicates the main object of statement. For example: Colonel was quickly picked up by ordinary and sent to Lazare.

How to find an add-on in the sentence?

Questions of addition in Russian are very simple, and therefore, regardless of which part of the speech, this member of the sentence is expressed, it is not too difficult to find it in the context. To do this, follow the standard parsing scheme. First, allocate the grammatical foundation, and after determining the connection of words in the proposal through questions issued. First, from the subject and responding to secondary members, and after directly between secondary members. On the letter each word, depending on which category it belongs is indicated by a special type of underlining. To add it

Secondary sentences offer - the basis of complete statements

Secondary members of the sentence - the topic is quite voluminous and contains a lot of rules, but if it does not spend a sufficient amount of time on its study, it will not be able to master such a great science as Russian. The circumstance, addition and definition are those that will make a statement that reveals the entire meaning of the narration. Without them, the language would have lost all her charm. Therefore, it is very important to approach this topic with full responsibility to know how to use this or that word in context.

(attribute.), (adverbial Modifier). On the first of the minor members of the sentence - about the addition - we will talk in this article. So that there were no difficulties in understanding the information presented below, I would advise before studying additions in English Repeat what verbs are called transitional in English, and which non-transparent.

I will only remind you that the verbs may have a direct addition to both in English and in Russian. In other words, they can express an action that directly goes to some person or subject. Here are such verbs with a direct addition, will be called transition ( tRANSITIVE VERBS.). And verbs, whose direct additions can not be called non-transparent ( iNTRANSITIVE VERBS.). Examples:

I Received An Invitation Two Days Ago. - I received an invitation two days ago. (to receive - verb transition, as it can have a direct addition to receive something. In this case, this supplement is the word "invitation")

I Arrived Two Days Ago. - I arrived two days ago. (to arrive - verb nevertheless, as it does not have a direct add-on)

What is an add-on in English? This is a member of a sentence that means the subject and answers the questions that in Russian correspond to the issues of indirect (other five cases, except for the very nominative: parent, dative, vinitive, efficient, proposed). These are questions: whom? - Who?; what? - what?; to whom? - Who?; by whome.? - by whom?; about What What.? - about what?. What are the supplements in English?

Classification of additions is this: the addition is straightforward ( direct Object.) and indirect ( indirect Object.). And indirect in turn has two options - an indirect free supplement ( indirect Object.) and indirect proposed supplement ( prepocational Object.). It is more convenient to consider every additions separately, so let's start from the very first - direct addition.

Direct Supplement in English

A direct supplement is an object or face that the action passes. And the effect in this case will be expressed by the transient verb in personal or non-liquecoming form. We put direct addition in English after the verb. Direct Supplement corresponds to the supplement in the visional case without an excuse, because it answers questions whom? and what.. For example:

I Received. a new passport Two Days Ago. - I got a new passport two days ago.

But direct addition can also correspond to in Russian and add-on in the parental case (especially if the action concerns only part of the subject, and not the entire subject). For example:

My Father Gave Me some Wine. - Father gave me wines.

What parts of speech can be expressed direct addition in English? In the first place the name.

BUY ME an Ice Cream, Please. - Buy me ice cream, please.

The Secretary Gave. the Mail. To The Boss. - The secretary passed the mail to the Boss.

In second place is located.

I Will Never Forget you.. - I will never forget you.

I Didn't See him Yesterday. - I did not see him yesterday.

Direct addition can be expressed and.

How Many Tickets Did You Book? - I booked four.. - How many tickets did you order? I ordered four.

I Have Watched Both Movies. I Liked the First. Better Than. the Second.. - I looked two films. I liked the first more than the second.

She Told Them. to Follow. HER. - She told them to follow her.

I ASKED THEM. to wait. A Little. - I asked them to wait a bit.

I REMEMBER. learning IT. - I remember she taught it.

Definitions in direct addition may be not one, but several. All of them form a group of additions:

She Doesn't Know my New Address. - She does not know my new address.

Indirect free supplement

An indirectly free supplement in English expresses the person to which the action is drawn. This supplement is used with transition verbs and is often accompanied by a direct addition. The question that complies with the indirectly free supplement - to whom? (who?). In Russian, this is an indirect addition in the dutiful case without an excuse. It should be remembered that if there is direct and indirect additions in the proposal, it will be the first to stand indirect, and behind it is direct.

Show. me. the New Computer.. - Show me your new computer. (ME - indirect free supplement, The New Computer - Direct Supplement)

I'd Like to Give my Friend. something Special ON HER BIRTHDAY. - I would like to give a friend for a birthday something special. (My Friend - indirect free supplement, Something Special - Direct Supplement)

As we can see from these examples, an indirectly free supplement can be expressed as a nouns with a common case, as well as pronouncing in the object case.

The person to which the action is drawn can be expressed by an add-on with a pretext to. (and for), which stands after direct addition. Such an addition is used instead of indirectly free supplement in three situations:

1. When direct addition is pronounced:
   

   I'll Give. them. to Your Parents.. - I will give them to your parents. (Them - Direct Supplement, To Your Parents - Indirect Proposed Supplement)

2. If an indirect addition is in its composition a long group of words, and the direct addition is expressed in one word (or a small group of words):
   

   She Has Sent. a letter. to Her Friend Working Abroad. - She sent a letter to a friend working abroad (A Letter - Direct Supplement, To Her Friend Working Abroad - Indirect Proposed Supplement)

3. After some verbs, for example to Announce - to announce, to Translate. - translate to repeat. - to repeat, to Declare. - to announce, to Explain - explain to introduce. - Represent (acquaint), to Write. - write, to Propose - offer, to Prove - prove to Describe. - Describe, etc. After such verbs, only an indirect proposed supplement is always used.
   

   Why Didn't you introduce me. to Your Boyfriend.? "Why didn't you introduce me to your young man?" (Me - Direct Supplement, To Your Boyfriend - Indirect Proposed Supplement)

   They arranged a Conference. for the mayor. - They organized a conference for the mayor of the city. (Conference - Direct Supplement, for the Mayor - indirect proposed)

Indirect proposed supplement

The indirect proposed supplement in English is different from it is impossible in that, accordingly, it is used with the pretext after many verbs and adjectives, and also responds to various questions, among which about whom.? (OK?), about What What.? (about what?), wHOM.? (with whom?), for whom? (for whom?) and others.

An indirect proposed supplement in English can be expressed:

• nouns with a pretext:
  

  The Secretary Reminded. everybody. about the meeting. - The secretary reminded everyone about the meeting. (Everybody - indirect free supplement, about the Meeting - indirect proposed supplement)

  Nobody Objects. to This Schedule.. - No one mind (does not mind) of this schedule. (To this Schedule - indirect proposed supplement)

• pronoun:
  

  REMEMBER, YOU CAN ALWAYS RELY oN HER.. - Remember, you can rely on her. (On HER - an indirect proposed supplement)

  Austin Shook Hands. with us. - Austin greeted us. (WITH US - indirect proposed supplement)

• Gerundia with a pretext:
  

Please note that if there is an indirect proposed and direct additions in the proposal, there will be a direct addition to the English language.

I CELEBRED. my Birthday with friends.. - I celebrated my birthday with friends. (My Birthday - Direct Supplement, With Friends - an indirect proposed supplement)

Formal supplement iT.

And, finally, a few words about a formal addition iT.. In English there are several transient verbs (for example, to Think, to Find, to Consider. et al.), after which pronoun is often used iT.. It will be referred to as a formal addition, as it should be faced with a subsequent addition, which is expressed by the apparent offer or infinitive turnover. It is not necessary to translate it into Russian. For example:

I Find iT. Strange That You Have SO Much Free Time. - I find it strange that you have so much free time.

I Think iT. Necessary to Have Your Own Car. - I consider it necessary to have my own car.

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