Have you ever wondered how to grow mushrooms in the country? Sounds exotic? And there is. So far, only a few are engaged in this. However, why not try a new occupation, there is more that it does not require either large financial investments or significant efforts. At the same time, you will be able to harvest incredible harvests without competition from the same mushroom pickers and tedious trips to the forest. Having mastered a new section of gardening well, you can even put up your crop for sale.
There are several main ways to plant mushrooms in the country:
Equipment for growing mushrooms
Oyster mushrooms, which are sold in stores all year round, are grown by the production method in large volumes on special installations. You can master their breeding even in a small shed or basement. Someone makes a home business out of this, and someone just needs to provide themselves and all their loved ones with mushrooms for their own consumption. How to grow mushrooms in the country?
A mushroom growing kit looks like this:
- a substrate consisting of straw, sawdust of non-coniferous trees, husk from seeds, crushed into dust and pasteurized in hot water;
- plastic bags with holes for every 10-15 cm, into which the prepared substrate is laid;
- mushroom mycelium, which must be placed in bags in layers between the substrate.
What mushrooms can be planted in the country?
Almost any forest mushrooms can be successfully grown in your local area. The most common mushrooms in the country are:
- boletus;
- porcini;
- boletus;
- oiler;
- camelina.
How to grow champignon mushrooms?
Champignons can be grown in bags, boxes, in the garden. A richer harvest will give cultivation in artificial conditions, that is, in bags or boxes. Plus, this way you can better control diseases and pests by simply isolating infected containers. So, to the question of how best to grow mushrooms at home, the answer is to create suitable conditions indoors.
So, how to grow mushrooms in the country? Having put the mycelium in bags with the substrate, you need to wait 3 days, then make 5-6 cuts in each bag and leave in the dark at a temperature of + 18-20 ° С. After 2-3 weeks, the first mushrooms will appear in the slots. At this point, you need to transfer the bags to a ventilated and illuminated room around the clock with a temperature of + 20-27 ° C and high humidity (70-95%). Champignons will grow to their intended size in 3-4 weeks. Having collected their harvest, you need to transfer the bags again to a dark room, where after a week they will begin to grow again.
Growing porcini mushrooms in the country
The king of mushrooms grows successfully in a well-prepared area. How to grow these mushrooms in the country? To grow them, you can use one of the methods described above - transplanting mycelium, planting mycelium (including purchased), dispersing spores. These excellent forest mushrooms grow in the country near the trees, where you need to remove a half-meter layer of earth, decompose the compost, plant seeds, mycelium or mycelium and cover them with a layer of leaves. The area with mycelium should be watered periodically. In winter, sprinkle mycelium with compost and, if necessary, cover with foil.
How to grow oyster mushrooms in the country?
Growing chanterelles in the country
Growing butter in the country
The most convenient way to breed this mushroom is by transplanting mycelium. Often they grow between young pines - this is such a piece of forest land that you need to transfer to your summer cottage. How to grow boletus in the country: it is important for these mushrooms that the soil is rich in lime. The lighting of the area selected for planting should be moderate, with indirect sunlight. In dry periods, the bed with oily oils should be watered abundantly. The first harvest will appear after 3-4 years.
Honey mushrooms in the country
If you are new to how to grow mushrooms in the country, start simple - breeding honey agarics. In the forest, they grow on stumps and half-rotten logs. You just need to transfer something from this to your site. Another option is to sow mycelium on a rotten tree stump in the garden. It is optimal if it is a stump from beech, aspen, poplar, willow, oak or ash. The place to grow them should be shady and humid. The first harvest after planting the mycelium can be expected after 1-2 years.
Self-cultivation of mushrooms in a summer cottage or garden
When you have your own land plot, it is simply a sin not to start planting such delicious and beloved mushrooms on it. There is nothing complicated in the technology of growing mushrooms. You just need to follow certain recommendations and you will be able to feast on every year delicious productsgrown independently.
Planting mushrooms: choosing a good place
It is very important to choose a place where the mushrooms will be as comfortable as possible. Therefore, you need to choose places with deciduous or coniferous trees. Mushrooms especially like to grow near such plants. It is best to plant porcini mushrooms near trees such as oak, hornbeam, beech.
Under no circumstances should you plant mushrooms near agricultural crops, as this can negatively affect the growth of mushrooms. If there are no forest trees on the site, it is allowed to plant mushrooms from the shady side of a wooden building.
As for champignons or oyster mushrooms, there is much less hassle with them - these types of mushrooms need a humid and shaded place.
How to choose a growing method?
It is necessary to consider ways of growing mushrooms in order to know which method will be more time-consuming and costly:
1. Mushrooms are grown using spores. Planting material can be prepared independently without additional financial costs... To do this, you need mushrooms with overripe, slightly wormy caps, because it is in them that spores (seeds) of mushrooms develop.
It is imperative to prepare a container with rain or river water in advance. To start the fermentation process, you need to add 50 g of sugar to the water, then knead the caps and add them to the sugar water. The homogeneity of the mass should be achieved, which should be infused for at least a day. In this case, the resulting composition must be stirred regularly.
For the preparation of the starter culture, it is better to use the caps immediately, since they are not stored for long, and therefore may be simply unsuitable in the future. Strain the starter culture before planting. For 1 liter of leaven, there are 10 liters of water. Pour the selected area with a ready-made solution. If you plant mushrooms in this way, you must definitely mulch the area using fallen leaves. This should be done twice - after planting and before winter.
2. You can also use a more effective and simpler method - use mycelium, which is grain or compost. It is better to give preference to the grain type, since there is not much trouble with it, and planting is much faster and without much difficulty. It will be necessary to prepare the area on which the mushrooms will be planted. More often allowable size the site is indicated on the package.
3. The third, no less easy method is the mycelium. If you have a summer cottage, you can transplant the mycelium onto it. This growing method involves the presence of forest trees on the site. But at the same time, mushrooms should be planted exclusively under the same tree under which they grew in the forest. A place in the garden should be prepared in advance. To breed boletus in this way, you will need to plant them in soil with a high content of lime and pines located nearby. It will be possible to harvest the first crop no earlier than 3 years after transplanting, but then the mushrooms will bear fruit every three days, starting in May.
How to plant and grow porcini mushrooms, mushrooms and honey agarics?
There are several ways to plant porcini mushrooms: seedlings, planting ready-made material, transplanting. Planting should be done between May and October. It is especially important to do planting work only after the sun goes down.
- Place the dug out mycelium in an area where coniferous or deciduous trees and shrubs grow. It should be planted in the roots of the same tree from which the family was dug.
- For germination to be really successful, you must first prepare the soil. In front of the selected tree, half a meter away, dig up a layer of earth 30 cm deep. Place fallen leaves, dust and sawdust on the bottom of the trench. Sprinkle with soil on top, on which the brought layer with ready-made spores should be laid. After planting, water and cover the fallen leaves. During the first 2-3 weeks in severe drought, the mushrooms should be watered abundantly.
Planting the finished material is carried out as follows:
- Before planting the mycelium, you should choose a place under the tree where the environment is humid.
- Step back 70 cm from the tree, remove the top layer - about 50 cm.
- Place a mixture of earth, leaves and sawdust on the bottom of the hole at a depth of 20 cm. Sprinkle 10 cm of earth on top.
- Apply compost, place mycelium, sprinkle with soil and fallen leaves.
It is recommended to fertilize the mushrooms with regular coffee grounds as they are an excellent growth stimulant. In addition, it is able not only to accelerate growth, but also to protect fungi from the appearance of mold and various diseases, moths and midges. It is recommended to add 15% natural ground coffee to the sediment from the aromatic drink and enrich it with a mineral complex. On 1 square meter 50 g of such a top dressing should be added.
Champignons: planting and growing
Champignons prefer places in which high humidity and many organic nutrients. For germination, mushrooms practically do not need sunlight. They are not capricious, and therefore may well grow in orchards. Growing requires soil saturated with organic additives. If this is not the case, then you can do it yourself:
- Mix 50 kg of cow or horse manure, 12 kg of gypsum and lime, 20 kg of straw.
- Combine everything in a bunch. You can add food waste to the composition.
- Tamp the entire mixture tightly and sprinkle with water.
- Cover with plastic wrap and leave for several weeks until the ammonia smell disappears.
After 3 weeks, you can start preparing a place to accommodate a young family. It is necessary to dig a trench wide by the size of the mycelium, and not more than 30 cm deep. The dug trench should be filled with a prepared substrate, and then watered abundantly. Followed by final stage - reseeding the mycelium. Planting material can be purchased at a specialty store or found in the forest.
Place the mushroom family in a trench, cover with straw on top. Mushrooms should be planted at a temperature of at least 20 degrees Celsius.
In addition to planting the finished mycelium, you can take ripe mushrooms, crush them and sow on the site. Water the place abundantly by irrigation. There is no need to tamp the area, as this can kill the fungi. In a few months it will be possible to harvest.
Planting oyster mushrooms
It is recommended to grow oyster mushrooms easy way - in a substrate of seeds, sawdust... Prepared raw materials should be crushed, placed in a large container and filled with boiling water. After a couple of hours, drain the water, squeeze out the substrate material so that it is damp, not wet.
Shredded raw materials and mushroom mycelium should be laid in layers in a plastic bag, tamped strongly and tightly tied with a rope. You need to make several holes in the bag. Place the bags with the substrate in a well-moistened, dark and warm place until the first mushroom germs appear. After the ovary is visible, place the bags in a cool and well-lit place for daily irrigation. Within a week after the appearance of the embryos, the first mushrooms may appear.
How to plant aspen mushrooms?
- Dig a hole down to the roots of the tree. Be sure to stick to this size - 2 square meters in width and 30 cm in depth. When the roots are located on the soil surface, only the top layer should be removed.
- Fill a deep hole with compost to ground level, a shallow one - in layers: 12 cm of compost, 6 cm of soil. It is necessary to alternate compost and soil until the layers reach a height of half a meter.
- Prepare holes up to 20 cm deep in the compost. The distance between the holes is 25 cm. Put pieces of boletus mycelium on the bottom of the holes, cover with earth. After planting, water the plantation with water. There are 20 liters of water per 1 square meter. Then be sure to cover with a layer of fallen leaves.
Planting boletus
When using ready-made mycelium, you can significantly simplify the planting of boletus boletus. Therefore, initially you need to stock up on materials: mycelium, compost, soil for indoor plants. Mushrooms can perfectly adapt to multiply on peat-rich soil. Then you must definitely highlight the area where many birches grow. Boletus mushrooms prefer to grow in such conditions.
If you grow mushrooms from mycelium, then it will be very simple, provided that everything is properly prepared. It is most optimal to plant mushrooms from May until the end of summer. You need to get rid of the debris on the site, and then dig out three holes for the seeds. The size of the holes is 10x20 cm. It is best to dig holes around the tree.
After preparing the holes, they should be half filled with peat soil. A small piece of compost mycelium should be placed in each hole. After that, fill the holes with soil and tamp. Water each well with 1 liter of water. Be sure to moisten the surrounding soil using 1 bucket of water.
How to plant boletus in the garden?
The best way to plant oil is to transplant a small pine tree from the forest on the site. It is desirable that the age of the tree be from 10 to 15 years. Only under such a tree will mushrooms begin to grow. Oils like to have a light shade, but they can grow in sunny areas.
To create optimal conditions for the development of mycelium in the selected area, 20 cm of the topsoil should be removed. Soil, nutritious for oil, is formed in several layers. The first, lower layer should be made from plant materials - fallen leaves, mown grass, needles. The second layer should be made of soil that has been collected from the mushroom site. The mycelium of the mushrooms should be sown on the prepared soil.
How to grow chanterelles?
The best partners of mushrooms are pine and spruce, and the mushroom can also cooperate with oak and beech. WITH garden trees mushrooms won't make friends.
So, you can't grow mushrooms without a partner tree. If there is no such plant on the site, then you will have to plant it. Better to find in the forest young tree, immediately with mycelium. It is also necessary to grab several bags of forest soil and conifer bedding. It is recommended to plant a tree in an area where there is partial shade. When planting, the mycelium should be in the forest soil, covered with needles on top. The mycelium does not like drying out, as well as humidity, so you will have to regularly water it moderately.
If there is already a pine or spruce on the site, then you can plant mushrooms on the tree. This can be done in two ways: by planting mycelium or by sowing spores.
When sowing, you should choose the caps of old, overripe mushrooms, just scatter them under a tree or soak them in water for a day, then just pour the planting site with a solution. It is very important to maintain a constant level of moisture in the future, since drying out or moisture can destroy the planting material.
The most reliable and fast way is the planting of mycelium dug out in the forest. Under the tree, you should dig holes, 20 centimeters deep, place the mycelium there along with the forest soil, cover it with coniferous litter and moss on top. Water in the same way as in the previous method. The mycelium should be planted no earlier than June and no later than September.
Plant mushrooms and grow them on your land plot easy enough if you follow all necessary rules, adhere to technology, choose high-quality planting material. Only if you approach planting with responsibility, you can achieve good results and feast on healthy products grown by yourself.
Features of the cultivation of forest mushrooms at their summer cottage
Today you can pick mushrooms not only in the forest, but also in your own garden. At the same time, in terms of taste and quality characteristics, such a product is in no way inferior to its “wild” counterpart. Grown in our own garden, domestic mushrooms are more environmentally friendly and practically do not lend themselves to the harmful effects of insects. Breeding a delicacy is not difficult. The main thing is to comply with all the requirements for their transfer and adaptation to the soil, including natural mycorrhiza - a symbiotic association (coexistence) of the body's mycelium with other plants. What other nuances do you need to know when cultivating mushrooms with your own hands?
Types of mushrooms suitable for growing in the garden
Almost any fruit body can be bred in the country and in the garden. At the same time, due to the lack of a vegetative period in mushrooms, they can be grown all year roundexcept for winter. But in order for home cultivation of mushrooms to be successful, it is necessary to properly organize a new environment and growing conditions for them. Primarily, it comes on the choice of the landing site for fruit bodies, the quality of the soil and the availability of tree varieties similar to the forest microclimate - pine, spruce, aspen, birch, oak. This allows the mycelium to freely connect to the root system of the plant, to fully feed and utilize excess moisture.
Most good options for growing edible forest mushrooms on personal plot are:
- oyster mushrooms;
- milk mushrooms;
- polish mushrooms;
- boletus or redheads;
- porcini mushrooms or boletus;
- boletus;
- yellow chanterelles;
- boletus ordinary;
- flywheels are chestnut or brown mushrooms;
- russula-dewlap;
- mushrooms;
- honey mushrooms;
- champignon.
Also, they lend themselves well to breeding in the country and exotic species fruiting bodies, such as truffles. The method of cultivating mushrooms is almost the same, with the exception of individual varietal characteristics product.
Growing technology
In case of correct planting of mushrooms and favorable conditions for their growth, the first harvest can be expected in 1–2 months for champignons, or next year for porcini mushrooms, boletus and other species. The duration of fruiting mycelium is from 3 to 5 years. Moreover, from 1 m² the quantity harvested reaches from 2 to 4 kg.
Breeding methods
For the cultivation of forest mushrooms in the garden, several methods are used that are ideal, both for the purpose of obtaining seedlings and tubers, and for the direct cultivation of mushroom plantations.
Dive of forest mycelium
For planting, it is necessary to deliver a neatly dug mycelium to the site from the forest. The rhizome should be transferred very carefully, making sure that the earth in it is not shaken, and the vegetative body is not deformed. The soil must be specially prepared before planting. To do this, it is necessary to remove 30–40 cm of the upper layer of soil and put compost on the bottom of the formed small pit. After that, the mycelium can be placed at the planting site. Upon completion, the fruiting body should be watered and covered with a layer of fallen leaves. For better growth of mushrooms, the place of their transplantation should coincide with the previous environment. That is, correspond to the same tree as the mother tree.
Germination through the mycelium
It is the most popular way of growing mushrooms. Produced in granular form and sold in garden stores. The soil is carefully prepared for planting the mycelium. A place for mushrooms is chosen in a shady and humid area of \u200b\u200bthe site, at a distance of about 60 cm from the tree, with which the fruit body will come into contact in the future. The total sown area of \u200b\u200bthe mycelium is determined by its amount in the package.
The preparation of the substrate includes the creation of a special substrate from needles, dust, sawdust and leaves, which are laid on the bottom of a previously prepared hole, up to 50 cm deep. The mycelium is mixed with the ground and a growth stimulator, after which the formed mixture is evenly distributed over the surface of the substrate and covered with soil. The garden bed is carefully watered and covered with fallen leaves. A ready-made mushroom substrate can be an alternative to natural compost.
This method of planting mycelium requires regular loosening of the site and adherence to the watering regime. It is very important not to allow the soil to dry out, therefore, drip irrigation of the mycelium is allowed in dry seasons. If all work is carried out correctly, the result in the form of the first harvest can be observed already the next year, and the mycelium will bear fruit for at least 2 years.
Propagation through mushroom seedlings (solution)
Simple and affordable way cultivation of forest mushrooms. The seed mixture is prepared from mushroom pieces and caps finely ground in a meat grinder, which after grinding must be insisted in water for a day. The substance is placed in a bed fertilized with compost, after which it is covered with a layer of earth and leaves.
Spore growing
The most straightforward method. It consists in scattering fungal spores over the site. For this, overripe fruit bodies collected in the forest are crushed to the state of crumbs or small pieces and scattered throughout the garden. The sowing zone itself is well moistened. The method is very effective, as it allows you to create as close as possible to forest conditions. But you should be careful and place mushroom zones away from garden crops.
If there are no forest trees on the garden plot, you can breed fruit bodies from the shady side wooden buildings. Special attention should be given to the mycelium in the cold season, protecting it with roofing material or polyethylene.
In order for the labor expended to give its results, and the efficiency of cultivation of edible forest mushrooms was maximum, adhere to the following recommendations:
- It is better to collect young fruiting bodies for sowing without cutting off the stalk, but taking it out of the ground entirely by the root.
- When choosing mushrooms for further cultivation, pay attention to the mother tree under which they grow.
- The mushrooms you collect must be healthy.
- In order for the mycelium to take root better, you can add a little alcohol (4 tablespoons per bucket) or sugar (45-50 g) to the aqueous solution with mushrooms.
- Process the harvested mushrooms no later than 10 hours after picking them. Sow the material the next day. Only fresh fruiting bodies are cultivated, frozen mushrooms are not suitable for cultivation.
- Before planting itself, it is imperative to clean the soil prepared for the mycelium from pathogenic microflora by disinfecting it with a disinfectant solution based on oak bark or black tea.
- The mycelium should be planted at a distance of about 0.5 m from trees.
- To avoid drying out the mycelium, the planting site should be chosen in the shade with a high humidity coefficient.
Growing porcini mushrooms in the country
Growing porcini mushrooms in the country is not a myth, but a reality. The main thing is to know some of the features and then your work will be productive (it would be surprising if this king of mushrooms did not have his own requirements for caring for him). This article is about how to grow porcini mushrooms in two ways. The first method is growing with mycelium, the second is using fresh mushroom caps.
But first, a little about the mushroom itself
White mushroom is considered to be the most valuable among edible mushrooms. He has a fleshy large hat and a thick, bulging white leg. It is tastier and more aromatic than other mushrooms. And it is called white, because it does not darken during preparation and preparation. Excellent aromatic light sauces, broths and soups, as well as many other dishes are prepared with this mushroom.
All these qualities make it possible to call the porcini mushroom the most desirable in the mushroom picker's basket. And if he grows in his own garden, then it's even better.
Well, now about the cultivation of porcini mushrooms in the country.
Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium
This is the first way to grow in case you don't have time to find mushrooms in the forest. To grow in this way, firstly, you need to purchase mycelium porcini mushroom... Fortunately, the Internet will help in finding sellers.
In addition to the mycelium, you need:
- growing deciduous trees or conifers, better not very old (about 8-10 years old);
- branches, moss, fallen leaves;
- compost.
By the way, from May to September is the most suitable time for planting porcini mycelium.
Well, everything is ready, the season is right, we start planting.
First, prepare the landing site. To do this, near the tree trunk, you need to remove the top layer of earth (10-20 cm thick) with a shovel in such a way as to obtain an approximately round bare area from 1 to 1.5 m in diameter with a tree in the center.
After that, cover everything with the layer of soil that was removed at the very beginning. Now water the landing site. Water must be poured carefully through a spray bottle to avoid diluting the soil. One tree needs 2 to 3 buckets of water.
To protect against frost, cover the area with mycelium with straw, moss, fallen leaves or spruce branches. Covering radius - about 2m. In the spring, when the probability of a return of severe frosts will no longer be, remove the "cover".
The first mushrooms will appear a year after the mycelium has taken root. And so porcini mushrooms in the country will delight you for about 3-4 years. If from time to time water the soil with mycelium with water from effective microorganisms (EM), you can harvest longer - sometimes even up to 7 years.
As you can see, the technology of growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium is not very complicated.
Growing porcini mushrooms with fresh mushroom caps
As in the first option, you need coniferous or deciduous trees between 8 and 10 years old. If you do not have such on the site, then you will have to look in a nearby forest or forest plantation.
Now let's get down to the planting process itself.
The cultivation of porcini mushrooms using caps is somewhat similar to the cultivation of the previous method, but it also has its own characteristics. To grow in this way, we need:
- Prepare the collected mushrooms for sowing;
- Prepare a place for sowing;
- "Sow" mushrooms.
And now more about that.
How to prepare the "seed" of porcini mushrooms?
Place the porcini mushrooms (5-10 pcs.) Collected for sowing in a bucket of water (preferably rainwater) and leave them to soak for a day. After insisting, mash the mushrooms with your hands right in the bucket. You should get a homogeneous mass. Now strain this solution through a sieve or a cloth with rare pores. Do not throw away the pulp that remains. She will also need to be planted. Thus, you got a solution with spores and the mushroom tissue itself.
Preparation of the site for sowing and the "sowing" of porcini mushrooms itself
The sowing site is prepared in the same way as in the previous planting method. But the seeding process is different.
With this method of planting on a bare plot of land, it is necessary to pour the strained solution onto the roots of the tree (approximately 2 liters per square meter). After watering, place the mushroom tissue on top of the roots that remained after straining. After that, cover everything with earth that was previously removed near this tree, and pour water. As with the previous planting method, water very carefully. The amount of water per tree is 4-5 buckets.
Take care of the site, as in the case of planting porcini mushrooms using mycelium. That is, keep the soil moist (especially in summer), and for the winter (and especially before the first winter after planting), cover the ground around the tree. In the spring, remove the covering material.
Watering is enough once a week with 4-5 buckets of water per tree. Although it all depends on the area where you live. If it rains frequently, then, of course, you can reduce the watering.
After a year or two, if the mycelium has taken root, you will collect your porcini mushrooms. They can be from 2 to 5 kg.
By the way, if you "sow" the mushrooms in August, and the mushrooms appear next autumn, it means that parts of the ceps of the porcini mushrooms have taken root. Well, if the mushrooms appear in 2 years, then the spores have taken root.
As with the mycelium growing method, you will be mushrooming for about 3-4 years. So if you enjoy picking your own porcini mushrooms, plant them again using the same method a few years later.
What do you need to know to increase the chances of mycelium taking root?
Mushrooms can take root better if you follow these guidelines (some of them work well for both growing methods).
- When looking for mushrooms for further landing, choose mushrooms that grow near the same tree species where you plan to plant. That is, if an oak tree grows on your site, then look for porcini mushrooms near the oak tree. If you have different trees on the site, then also collect "seed" near different trees, but preferably in different bags or baskets. The trees themselves must be healthy.
- After picking the mushrooms, they must be immediately soaked (maximum 10 hours after harvest) and sowed the next day. You cannot store mushrooms before soaking for more than 10 hours. They decompose quickly. You won't grow anything from frozen mushrooms, so don't even try to freeze them so that you can plant them later.
- When soaking mushrooms (when preparing seed), sugar or alcohol can be added to the water. This will help the mycelium to take root better. You just need to remember that alcohol is added first, mixed with water, and only then the caps are put to soak. The amount of alcohol is 3-4 tbsp. spoons for 10 liters of water. If you use sugar, then it should only be granulated sugar. Refined sugar cannot be used. You need 50 grams of sugar per 10 liters of water. See also: Type of soil on the site - how to determine and improve the structure
- 2-3 hours before planting the mushrooms, the bare land should be watered with a special disinfection solution. But fear not, these are all natural substances and your eco-garden will not be affected. But pathogenic fungi and bacteria will partially lose their hyperactivity and will not be able to harm your porcini mushrooms.
A solution of tannins is used to disinfect the site. One tree needs 2-3 liters of such a solution. It can be prepared either from black tea or from oak bark. You can water the area only with a chilled solution.
You can prepare a tanning solution like this:
- from black tea
To prepare 1 liter of the ready-made solution, you need to pour 50-100 g of low-grade tea with one liter of boiling water and wait until it cools down.
- from oak bark
For 1 liter of water, 30 g of oak bark is taken. Boil for an hour. In the process of boiling, add water to the original volume. - Mushrooms are planted until mid-September. Later, they will take root worse or not at all. 1-1.5 months before frost, the mycelium can take root and grow. This will ensure its best wintering.
Best term planting of porcini mushrooms - August-mid-September.
And again: watch the humidity in the area of \u200b\u200bthe planted mushrooms. In hot summer, water the area with mushrooms with 3-4 buckets of water once a week.
Well, now you know how to grow porcini mushrooms. You have to work a little, but this is the king of mushrooms and it is worth it. And imagine how you watch the growth of mushrooms, without fear that someone else will pick them, because they grow on your territory.
Growing porcini mushrooms in the country will provide you with a personal "forest" harvest.
Site about a garden, a summer residence and houseplants.
Planting and growing vegetables and fruits, caring for the garden, building and repairing a summer house - all with your own hands.
We grow oyster mushrooms, truffles porcini and other mushrooms in the country with our own hands
There are many edible mushrooms. They grow both by themselves (usually in the forest) and are very actively cultivated in recent years in special farms. Mushrooms have a special taste and smell, some of them are a real delicacy and are highly valued.
The nutritional value of mushrooms is enormous. Currently, the world's population annually consumes about 6 million tons of mushrooms. Of these, only 0.7 million tons are collected in the forests, the rest are grown on mushroom farms, dachas and on personal plots.
Since ancient times, people have tried to "tame" and "domesticate" mushrooms. The pioneers in mushroom growing were the Chinese, who at the dawn of our era learned how to grow shiitake mushrooms. We, Europeans, are more familiar with the champignon, which has been grown for over 300 years. But mushrooms are in no hurry to reveal their secrets to man and, despite such a venerable age of cultivation, it was possible to "domesticate" no more than two dozen species.
We cultivated mainly such - oyster mushrooms (common, pink, lemon yellow, etc. - read more - Growing mushrooms at home - part 2), white and royal (brown) champignon, honey mushroom (winter, autumn, summer, meadow) , ink mushroom (white dung beetle) and ringlet.
Shiitake mushroom, which has become traditional abroad for a long time, we began to produce only for the last ten years.
Recently learned to cultivate porcini mushrooms, yellow and gray chanterelles, russula-podgruzdki, Polish mushrooms, boletus and mushrooms. Even gourmet white and black truffles “entered” the “guard” of cultivated mushrooms.
Oyster mushroom, honey mushroom and shiitake perfectly master any plant residues - straw, hay, seed husks, sawdust or shavings of deciduous trees, foliage, reeds, corn cobs, pomace from fruits and vegetables, etc., as well as deciduous wood both garden and forest. Moreover, the wood is suitable both freshly sawn and lying for several years (but not rotten).
A lot is already known about growing oyster mushrooms both intensively (on compost) and extensively (on stumps).
Honey mushrooms and shiitake can be grown in this way.
Champignons and forest mushrooms feel great on compost made from humus and garden soil, they need to be grown on personal plots in shady places and in semi-dark rooms. Cultivating mushrooms is not as difficult as some might imagine.
Now porcini mushrooms are also grown. A shaded area of \u200b\u200b2.5-3 m 2 should be allocated for mushrooms, on which a “pit” 30 cm deep should be made and filled with a nutrient mixture.
Pour a layer of fallen leaves, grass, wood dust or bark at the bottom of the pit (layer thickness 10 cm). On top of it is a layer of humus or earth taken under the trees (layer thickness 10 cm). Then scatter the grain mycelium evenly over the entire surface.
The third layer (3 cm thick) is again plant remains. And finally, the last one is garden soil (3 - 5 cm).
After sowing, the substrate must be moistened with a drip method. In dry weather and high temperatures, moisturize as needed, both before the appearance of the mushrooms and during their growth.
The first mushrooms will delight you in 1.5-2 months, and then they will appear every 1-1.5 weeks. Grow outdoors from May to late autumn. Mycelium lives up to 5 years.
Indoors, a porcini mushroom is grown in the same way as in a personal plot, only it is planted in boxes, which are placed in semi-dark places with diffused sunlight or with electric lighting (3-4 hours per day). The premises need to be well ventilated, maintained in them high humidity (containers with water are installed next to the boxes).
Mushrooms grow at a temperature of 5-30 ° C, the optimum temperature for them is 12-26 ° C.
Since mushrooms do not have a growing season, they can be grown at any time of the year.
In the same way, on a personal plot, in utility rooms, outbuildings, basements, sheds, garages, yes, and on balconies, loggias, in storerooms, you can grow a yellow chanterelle (Cantharellus cibarius); russula-load (Russulaceae); Polish mushroom (Xerocomus badius); also called brown mushroom or chestnut flywheel; common butter dish (Suillus), gray chanterelle (Craterellus cornucopioides).
TO growing all these mushrooms the same technology is used, only you need to take into account some features:
- the Polish mushroom bears fruit most abundantly under chestnuts;
- chanterelles feel better on sandy and clay soils;
- russula-loadings love deep shadow;
- the habitat of boletus can be lightly sprinkled with oak leaves or sawdust of deciduous trees;
- camelina has the same characteristics as the porcini mushroom. Today it has become possible to grow even such exotic delicious mushrooms as truffles.
Growing truffles is, in essence, only a correct planting, and then - to precise definition places of formation of the harvest of mushrooms. The very process of mushroom growth occurs at a depth of 30-40 cm underground and stretches over time from two to five years, until the first harvest appears. Subsequent harvests - 2 times a year: in spring - from late March to early May; in autumn - from mid-September to late November.
Planting dates - all year round. The mycelium is applied under the roots of already growing trees and shrubs or during planting of seedlings.
There are several signs by which you can determine the place of formation of fungi: the ground is noticeably fluffed and raised; strong persistent smell mushrooms in this place are attracted by many insects; dogs and other pets (such as pigs and domestic bird) tend to "rummage" in the mushroom place. In addition, you yourself, without even wanting to, will hear the characteristic mushroom smell.
Dig out the truffles carefully, raking the ground with your hands (or using a small garden tools) and choosing "tubers". Then the "excavation site" is again covered up.
Mushrooms are kept fresh (7-8 days) at a temperature of 7-13 ° C. Truffles can be frozen, dried, salted and pickled.
Hydrogel helps to solve the problem of moisture at all stages of growing any mushrooms. These are granules of a polymer (potassium-based) that absorbs water and water-soluble fertilizers, and then gives them to the plants as needed. Moreover, the mass of the absorbed liquid is many times its own. Dry hydrogel is a colorless granular powder.
Add hydrogel to the soil, and your plants will have a kind helper, making sure that they are comfortable (neither damp nor dry) and nutritious (all fertilizers will go to their intended purpose). It is indispensable for mushroom growers, since it eliminates the problem of constant moisture.
The hydrogel is absolutely sterile and non-toxic, retains its properties at high and low temperatures in the soil for 5-7 years. Just 1 g of the superabsorbent water-retaining hydrogel accumulates up to 3.5 liters of water per month in the soil. Its consumption rate for open areas is 3 g / m 2; for greenhouses - 5 g / m 2, and for flowerpots - 2 g per 5 liter container.
I am sure that with such an assistant, mushroom growing will become an exciting and profitable activity for you. Try it!
- Collect young mushrooms in the forest, and not by cutting with a knife, but by pulling the stalk together with the mushroom root.
- Grind the lower part with roots in a meat grinder.
- Bring the resulting mass into the soil for digging at a distance of 3 m from the tree trunk.
The mycelium filaments contained in the mushroom roots are able to penetrate the roots of trees.
The mycelium takes root well on the roots of aspen and birch, respectively, the method is suitable for breeding aspen and boletus boletus.
Avid mushroom pickers achieve results in the cultivation of porcini mushrooms.
When you have your own land plot, it is simply a sin not to start planting such delicious and beloved mushrooms on it. There is nothing complicated in the technology of growing mushrooms. You just need to follow certain recommendations and you will be able to feast on delicious self-grown products every year.
Planting mushrooms: choosing a good place
It is very important to choose a place where the mushrooms will be as comfortable as possible. Therefore, you need to choose places with deciduous or coniferous trees. Mushrooms especially like to grow near such plants. It is best to plant porcini mushrooms near trees such as oak, hornbeam, beech.Under no circumstances should you plant mushrooms near agricultural crops, as this can negatively affect the growth of mushrooms. If there are no forest trees on the site, it is allowed to plant mushrooms from the shady side of a wooden building.
As for champignons or oyster mushrooms, there is much less hassle with them - these types of mushrooms need a humid and shaded place.
How to choose a growing method?
It is necessary to consider ways of growing mushrooms in order to know which method will be more time-consuming and costly:1. Mushrooms are grown using spores. Planting material can be prepared independently without additional financial costs. To do this, you need mushrooms with overripe, slightly wormy caps, because it is in them that spores (seeds) of mushrooms develop.
It is imperative to prepare a container with rain or river water in advance. To start the fermentation process, you need to add 50 g of sugar to the water, then knead the caps and add them to the sugar water. The homogeneity of the mass should be achieved, which should be infused for at least a day. In this case, the resulting composition must be stirred regularly.
For the preparation of the starter culture, it is better to use the caps immediately, since they are not stored for long, and therefore may be simply unsuitable in the future. Strain the starter culture before planting. For 1 liter of leaven, there are 10 liters of water. Pour the selected area with a ready-made solution. If you plant mushrooms in this way, you must definitely mulch the area using fallen leaves. This should be done twice - after planting and before winter.
2. You can also use a more effective and simpler way - use mycelium, which is grain or compost. It is better to give preference to the grain type, since there is not much of a hassle with it, and planting is much faster and without much difficulty. It will be necessary to prepare the area on which the mushrooms will be planted. Most often, the allowable area size is indicated on the package.
3. The third, no less easy method is the mycelium. If you have a summer cottage, you can transplant the mycelium onto it. This growing method involves the presence of forest trees on the site. But at the same time, mushrooms should be planted exclusively under the same tree under which they grew in the forest. A place in the garden should be prepared in advance. To breed boletus in this way, you will need to plant them in soil with a high content of lime and pines located nearby. It will be possible to harvest the first crop no earlier than 3 years after transplanting, but then the mushrooms will bear fruit every three days, starting in May.
How to plant and grow porcini mushrooms, mushrooms and honey agarics?
There are several ways to plant porcini mushrooms: seedlings, planting ready-made material, transplanting. Planting should be done between May and October. It is especially important to do planting work only after the sun goes down.- Place the dug out mycelium in an area where coniferous or deciduous trees and shrubs grow. It should be planted in the roots of the same tree from which the family was dug.
- For germination to be really successful, you must first prepare the soil. In front of the selected tree, half a meter away, dig up a layer of earth 30 cm deep. Place fallen leaves, dust and sawdust on the bottom of the trench. Sprinkle with soil on top, on which the brought layer with ready-made spores should be laid. After planting, water and cover the fallen leaves. During the first 2-3 weeks in severe drought, the mushrooms should be watered abundantly.
Planting the finished material is carried out as follows:
- Before planting the mycelium, you should choose a place under the tree where the environment is humid.
- Step back 70 cm from the tree, remove the top layer - about 50 cm.
- Place a mixture of earth, leaves and sawdust on the bottom of the hole at a depth of 20 cm. Sprinkle 10 cm of earth on top.
- Apply compost, place mycelium, sprinkle with soil and fallen leaves.
Champignons: planting and growing
Champignons prefer places with high humidity and a lot of organic nutrients. For germination, mushrooms practically do not need sunlight. They are not capricious, and therefore may well grow in orchards. Growing requires a soil saturated with organic additives. If this is not the case, then you can do it yourself:- Mix 50 kg of cow or horse manure, 12 kg of gypsum and lime, 20 kg of straw.
- Combine everything in a bunch. You can add food waste to the composition.
- Tamp the entire mixture tightly and sprinkle with water.
- Cover with plastic wrap and leave for several weeks until the ammonia smell disappears.
If it was decided to bring a mushroom family from the forest, you should know some edible species. These include two-ring, trivial, white, garden.
Place the mushroom family in a trench, cover with straw on top. Mushrooms should be planted at a temperature of at least 20 degrees Celsius.
In addition to planting the finished mycelium, you can take ripe mushrooms, crush them and sow on the site. Water the place abundantly by irrigation. There is no need to tamp the area, as this can kill the fungi. In a few months it will be possible to harvest.
Mushrooms, whose growth has already begun, practically do not need care, only watering during a period of severe drought. As for the vertically growing varieties, they need to be sprayed. In the spring, for some species, it is highly desirable to add a growth activator to the soil. Mushrooms do not need other feeding. Moreover, loosening of the soil is prohibited, since this can lead to damage to the mycelium.
Planting oyster mushrooms
It is recommended to grow oyster mushrooms in an easy way - in a substrate of seeds, sawdust. Prepared raw materials should be crushed, placed in a large container and filled with boiling water. After a couple of hours, drain the water, squeeze out the substrate material so that it is damp, not wet.Shredded raw materials and mushroom mycelium should be laid in layers in a plastic bag, tamped strongly and tightly tied with a rope. You need to make several holes in the bag. Place the bags with the substrate in a well-moistened, dark and warm place until the first mushroom germs appear. After the ovary is visible, place the bags in a cool and well-lit place for daily irrigation. Within a week after the appearance of the embryos, the first mushrooms may appear.
How to plant aspen mushrooms?
Mushroom beds with aspen mushrooms are laid from May to September. First of all, you need to prepare the compost. To do this, spread a plastic wrap on the ground, lay the leaves in layers - the basis of the compost and wood dust with manure in a ratio of 9: 1. Spill a bunch of compost warm water and leave for 7 days. After the heap warms up to a temperature of 35-40 degrees, it must be shoveled so that a homogeneous mass is obtained. Leave for another week.- Dig a hole down to the roots of the tree. Be sure to stick to this size - 2 square meters in width and 30 cm in depth. When the roots are located on the soil surface, only the top layer should be removed.
- Fill a deep hole with compost to ground level, a shallow one - in layers: 12 cm of compost, 6 cm of soil. It is necessary to alternate compost and soil until the layers reach a height of half a meter.
- Prepare holes up to 20 cm deep in the compost. The distance between the holes is 25 cm. Put pieces of boletus mycelium on the bottom of the holes, cover with earth. After planting, water the plantation with water. There are 20 liters of water per 1 square meter. Then be sure to cover with a layer of fallen leaves.
In the summer, it is very important to moisten the soil a little, therefore, you need to periodically water the area, especially during hot weather. In winter, the plantation should be covered with a layer of foliage, straw, spruce branches.
Planting boletus
When using ready-made mycelium, you can significantly simplify the planting of boletus boletus. Therefore, initially you need to stock up on materials: mycelium, compost, soil for indoor plants. Mushrooms can perfectly adapt to multiply on peat-rich soil. Then you must definitely highlight the area where many birches grow. Boletus mushrooms prefer to grow in such conditions.If you grow mushrooms from mycelium, then it will be very simple, provided that everything is properly prepared. It is most optimal to plant mushrooms from May until the end of summer. You need to get rid of the debris on the site, and then dig out three holes for the seeds. The size of the holes is 10x20 cm. It is best to dig holes around the tree.
After preparing the holes, they should be half filled with peat soil. A small piece of compost mycelium should be placed in each hole. After that, fill the holes with soil and tamp. Water each well with 1 liter of water. Be sure to moisten the surrounding soil using 1 bucket of water.
How to plant boletus in the garden?
The best way to plant oil is to transplant a small pine tree from the forest on the site. It is desirable that the age of the tree be from 10 to 15 years. Only under such a tree will mushrooms begin to grow. Oils like to have a light shade, but they can grow in sunny areas.
To create optimal conditions for the development of mycelium in the selected area, 20 cm of the topsoil should be removed. Soil, nutritious for oil, is formed in several layers. The first, lower layer should be made from plant materials - fallen leaves, mown grass, needles. The second layer should be made of soil that has been collected from the mushroom site. The mycelium of the mushrooms should be sown on the prepared soil.
How to grow chanterelles?
The best partners of mushrooms are pine and spruce, and the mushroom can also cooperate with oak and beech. Mushrooms will not make friends with garden trees.So, mushrooms cannot be grown without a partner tree. If there is no such plant on the site, then you will have to plant it. It is better to find a young tree in the forest, immediately with mycelium. It is also necessary to grab several bags of forest soil and conifer bedding. It is recommended to plant a tree in an area where there is partial shade. When planting, the mycelium should be in the forest soil, covered with needles on top. The mycelium does not like drying out, as well as humidity, so you will have to regularly water it moderately.
If there is already a pine or spruce on the site, then you can plant mushrooms on the tree. This can be done in two ways: by planting mycelium or by sowing spores.
When sowing, you should choose the caps of old, overripe mushrooms, just scatter them under a tree or soak them in water for a day, then just pour the planting site with a solution. It is very important to maintain a constant level of moisture in the future, since drying out or moisture can destroy the planting material.
The most reliable and quickest way is to plant mycelium dug out in the forest. Under the tree, you should dig holes, 20 centimeters deep, place the mycelium there together with the forest soil, cover it with coniferous litter and moss on top. Water in the same way as in the previous method. The mycelium should be planted no earlier than June and no later than September.
It is imperative to dig out the mycelium from under the tree, which in the future will be a symbiotic partner.
If you follow all of the above recommendations, especially maintaining humidity, by the beginning of June next year you can eat mushrooms grown on your own.
Planting mushrooms and growing them on your land plot is quite easy if you follow all the necessary rules, adhere to technology, and choose high-quality planting material. Only if you approach planting with responsibility, you can achieve good results and feast on healthy products grown by yourself.
Do you love mushrooms, but you have no time to pick them? It's not scary, start growing mushrooms in the country yourself. The main thing is to know how to do it correctly in order to get a guaranteed harvest.
Growing mushrooms in the country is convenient because you can control this process, creating the most favorable conditions for their growth. And what about the forest: there was a dry summer, and then early frosts of the soil and that's it - there will be no harvest of forest mushrooms! If you do not want to depend on the vagaries of nature, feel free to try to grow mushroom plantations on your site.
White mushroom (boletus)
This handsome man, the king of all mushrooms, can be safely relocated from the forest to your site, and with a favorable outcome, you will get an impressive harvest next year.
There are several ways to breed forest boletus.
Mycelium transplant
Few resort to this method, since the outcome of the operation depends on careful adherence to the technology. Judge for yourself, it is quite difficult to dig out the mycelium and transfer it to your site, while not damaging it. Nevertheless, many have succeeded, you should try it too.
The transferred mycelium should interact with the roots of shrubs and trees, so choose a place on the site where deciduous or coniferous trees and bushes grow! It is extremely important to plant a porcini mushroom under the same tree from under which the mycelium was dug.
So, choose on your site appropriate place and prepare the ground next to the right tree... To do this, remove 20-30 cm of the topsoil at a distance of 0.5 m from the tree trunk. At the bottom of the formed hole, lay the prepared compost from fallen leaves and tree dust, and sprinkle it on top with a small layer of earth. Now you can lay a layer of earth with mycelium, water and sprinkle with a layer of leaves. If the weather is dry in the first 14 days after planting, periodically water the mycelium.
Growing mushrooms from mycelium
One of the most popular methods among mushroom pickers. Ready-made mycelium can be purchased - it is freely available in many garden stores. Prepare the site and soil before embarking on this method. Choose a location in the shade of trees where the soil is moist. At a distance of 0.5 m from the tree trunk, remove the top layer of earth to a depth of 0.5 m. Calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe hole in advance, based on the amount of acquired mycelium.
This is what mushroom mycelium looks like.
Prepare a substrate from dust, sawdust and leaves. Lay it on the bottom of the hole in a layer of about 20 cm. Sprinkle with soil on top (about 10 cm). Next, lay a mixed layer of soil and compost. Now, on top of this, you can put mycelium mixed with the ground. Spread it out by hand, tamping evenly. Sprinkle on top with soil and water, cover with fallen leaves.
Ready-made substrates for planting porcini mushrooms, as well as mycelium, are sold in specialized stores. These mixtures are a great alternative to forest mushrooms.
After planting the mycelium, the area must be watered regularly. If the planting of the mycelium is successful, then the harvest will appear as early as next year. Such a mycelium can bear fruit from 2 to 5 years.
Mushroom seedlings
The easiest way to grow porcini mushrooms is from mushroom seedlings. To do this, it is enough to finely chop or pass the mushroom caps through a meat grinder. Then pour the resulting substance with water and leave for 24 hours. During this time, you can start preparing the site. Dig up the soil under your chosen tree and fertilize it generously with compost (same as above). Pour the mushroom infusion over the prepared place, and sprinkle with leaves on top.
If there are no forest trees on your site, do not despair - try planting mushrooms near wooden buildings on the shady side. And remember that the porcini mushroom doesn't like fruit trees, so try to avoid such a neighborhood.
In cold winters, do not forget to sprinkle myceliums with compost, and, if necessary, cover with polyethylene or roofing material.
The optimal time for planting porcini mushrooms is from May to September. Mushrooms should be planted in the ground at dusk.
Boletus (redhead)
As you can imagine from the name, this mushroom mainly grows in aspen groves. Sometimes it can also be found in a mixed forest. If you undertake to grow a mushroom in the country, then the issue of choosing a site should be approached as carefully as in the case of a porcini mushroom.
Boletus, like many other forest mushrooms, belongs to mycorrhizal fungi. This means that it forms symbiosis with the roots of trees, i.e. mutually beneficial cohabitation. Therefore, the site must be aspen, birch or oak. In the shade of these trees and plant your future plantation.
Aspen mushrooms can be bred using:
Spore (mushroom seedlings)
Spores form on the underside of the caps of overgrown mushrooms. Here you should prepare them: pour water and leave for several hours. With the resulting infusion of spores in water, pour the area you have chosen for growing mushrooms. The caps can also be dried and used as seed. The germinating spores form the mycelium (mycelium).
Fruit bodies
Gather young aspen boletus in the forest, chop and bury in your area in the upper soil layer in the shade of trees.
Mycelium
Wild Mycelium can be harvested in the forest by digging up with soil and trees. Thus, you will move the mycelium to your site, just like in the case of boletus. Alternatively, you can buy ready-made mycelium from the store.
Mushroom plantation establishment and care
Prepare compost. Spread a plastic wrap on the ground, lay on it in layers of leaves and wood dust with manure, taken in a ratio of 9: 1. Cover a bunch of warm water and let it sit for a week. During this time, it should warm up to a temperature of 35-40 ° C. Now it can be shoveled until smooth and left for another 5 days.
Redheads can be planted from mid-May to September (in warmer regions - from early May).
In the selected area around the tree, dig a hole 30 cm deep and 2 square meters in area. If the roots of the tree are on or close to the soil surface, remove only the top layer.
Fill the pit with compost. If it is deep, then put the compost to ground level, in a shallow one - spread in layers, alternating between compost (10-12 cm) and soil (5-6 cm), until the height of the layers reaches 50 cm above ground level.
Then, at a distance of 25-30 cm, make holes 20 cm deep. Dip pieces of boletus mycelium into them and cover them with soil. Immediately water the plantation with 20 liters of water per square meter and cover with a layer of fallen leaves or forest floor.
Do not forget to insulate the mycelium for the winter
In order for the mycelium to take root, it is useful to feed it with a sugar solution: 10 g of sugar per 10 liters of water. Keep the soil slightly damp in summer. Water the area periodically, especially during dry periods. For the winter, cover it with a layer of fallen leaves, moss or spruce branches, and remember to remove them in the spring.
When favorable conditions the fruiting of boletus begins the next year after the plantation is laid. The yield is 5-15 mushrooms per sq.m. When proper care a mushroom meadow will delight you with a harvest for 4-5 years. After this period, the mycelium of the mushrooms must be planted again using the same method.
Boletus
The next "forest dweller", beloved by many mushroom pickers, is boletus, which is also not difficult to grow independently.
Boletus, like any forest mushroom, needs not a stump for normal functioning and growth, but living tree... From its root system, the mycelium absorbs carbohydrates and amino acids, giving the tree moisture, mineral compounds and natural antibiotics, protecting it from pests and diseases. Therefore, it is extremely important that the mushroom zone is as close as possible to the natural habitat of the mushroom.
As for the cultivation methods, they are the same as for boletus and boletus.
Reproduction by spores
Finely chop the overripe mushrooms, mix with one spoonful of flour and gelatin powder. Pour the mixture into wet soil under mature trees. The spores will germinate and form a fungus root. The first harvest can be expected in a few seasons.
Growing from fruit bodies
Select young boletus boletus, chop and bury in the topsoil next to the root system of the tree. Fruit bodies form mycelium, and after a year with good soil moisture, you can get a small crop of 2-3 mushrooms.
Alternatively, in rainy weather, you can scatter small pieces of young mushrooms under the trees and cover them with fallen leaves. Mycelium formation will be no less effective.
Mycelium transplant
This is a laborious and not always efficient process. Find a young tree in the forest with boletus under it. Dig out the mycelium carefully and transfer it to your area. Place it under a deciduous or coniferous tree.
Do not place mushroom plantings near fruit crops, since fungi form mycorrhiza and grow in symbiosis only with forest trees. Many mushrooms are even named after the trees next to which they live (boletus, boletus).
Granular butter dish
This mushroom is just very convenient to breed by transplanting mycelium.
If you notice a couple of small pines with a constant harvest of oil, you can safely transplant mushrooms to your site. Remember, boletus plants prefer lime-rich soils and indirect sunlight. The mycelium tolerates transplantation quite comfortably and takes root well. With regular watering (especially abundant watering in dry weather), the first mushrooms will appear in 3-4 years and will delight you with abundant fruiting throughout the season - every three weeks, starting from mid-May.
Summer boletus is almost not susceptible to attacks by worms, and the size of their caps can reach 10 cm.
Ryzhik
Another wonderful mushroom that is so easy to "domesticate" is the mushroom!
It is also important for him, as for his forest brothers, to create the right conditions, as close as possible to natural ones. The mushrooms prefer to grow in the shade with good air circulation. The soil should be moist and contain rotting leaves and needles. It is important to ensure that with the onset of spring, the site is not flooded with water, otherwise the mushrooms will die.
There are several ways to breed a camelina plantation in your home.
Sowing mycelium
As in the previous cases, collect the caps, but this time old mushrooms. Chop them finely and, after drying them on a cloth, carefully spread them out on damp ground. Tamp it well, cover it with moss and pour it over with warm water. After 2 weeks, lift the moss: if greenish-purple threads are visible under it, similar to ordinary mold, and the caps have disappeared, then the mycelium has taken root.
Spruce mushrooms should be placed under spruces, and pine mushrooms - under pines.
Transfer of mycelium
This method is also very effective in the case of sowing saffron milk caps. Carefully dig out the mycelium with a layer thickness of at least 25 cm, being careful not to damage it. Plant the mycelium as soon as possible so that it does not dry out, and remember to regularly moisten the soil.
The first mushrooms will germinate only the next year after you have planted mycelium or transferred mycelium. You need to collect them, carefully cutting the leg and trying not to damage the root. If you do not follow this rule, then the number of mushrooms will only decrease every year.
Of course, not every summer resident can grow the harvest of forest mushrooms on their own the first time. However, do not despair. Try to tame different "forest dwellers", look for optimal ways breeding, and very soon this laborious process will be rewarded with the first harvest of domestic mushrooms.
Hello! I have long dreamed of getting a harvest of champignons or porcini mushrooms directly from my garden - it is not always possible to go to the forest for such gifts of nature. I guess that the process is not simple, hiding many pitfalls. Therefore, I would like to know more - how to grow mushrooms from mycelium in the garden?
Today, many summer residents grow a variety of mushrooms right in the country. It is profitable - you can provide yourself, and sell the excess - and does not require special expenditure of energy. Once having formed a powerful mycelium, the summer resident receives a good harvest every year.
Of course, for this you need to know how to grow mushrooms from mycelium in the garden, when to do this, and a number of other subtleties.
When and where to plant mycelium?
Stock up on the mycelium of the mushrooms you want to grow in advance. It can be purchased in many suburban stores - the cost is not too high, but the purchase allows you to save a lot of time and effort that will be spent trying to get the mycelium manually.
In general, mushrooms can be planted at any time from May to September. But it is better to avoid hot months - it will be difficult for mycelium to gain a foothold. In addition, when planting mycelium in September, it is not a fact that it will be possible to get a harvest in the same year. Therefore, the end of April and the beginning of May can be called the most appropriate time.
The optimal place for growing mushrooms is a shaded area under dense coniferous or deciduous (preferably not fruit trees!) Trees on the north side of the house. A house, shed or other obstruction will protect the land from excessive sun and warm southerly winds, ensuring a good harvest.
Getting started landing
Having chosen a suitable site, dig a hole about 30-40 centimeters deep about 50-70 centimeters from the tree. Its area depends on the amount of mycelium and how many mushrooms you want to get. The bottom of the pit is covered with a forest substrate - old leaves, sawdust, pine needles. Optimal layer - not less than 20 centimeters. On top of it, the mycelium itself should be laid. For this, it is mixed with local or forest soil. The proportions for different mushrooms and types of mycelium are different, but must be indicated in the instructions. Add the mycelium with soil to the substrate, water abundantly and cover with straw or needles.
Care is as simple as possible - you need to water the soil as it dries. The first harvest can be obtained next year, and the mycelium will enter full force in 3-5 years.
Grow organic mushrooms on your garden plot perhaps. Breeding of some species (oyster mushroom and mushroom) does not require significant effort. Forest mushrooms (boletus, chanterelles, boletus) are more capricious, but they also give good yields.
The characteristics of the area where the mushrooms will grow is of decisive importance when choosing a cultivated species. Its structure must correspond to natural growing conditions. Correct planting and adherence to the peculiarities of care will guarantee a fruiting plantation for several years.
- A place for a mushroom plantation should correspond as much as possible to the natural growing conditions of a particular species.
- You need to walk around the planted plot as rarely as possible so as not to damage the young mycelium.
- When planting, take into account that fruiting will begin no earlier than the next season.
- It must be remembered that the plantation must be periodically renewed, since the fruiting of the mycelium is from 2 to 5 years.
- at the selected place, the top layer of sod is removed;
- if planting is planned under a tree, then the distance should be about 50 cm from the trunk;
- 10 cm of a composition of dust, sawdust and litter is laid;
- on top, another layer of 10 cm of the same mixture and soil is scattered in equal proportions.
- 1. Separate the tubular layer.
- 2. Grind in a meat grinder.
- 3. Fill with melted or river water, taking into account that 1 liter of liquid requires 150-200 g of ground mushroom mass.
- 4. Add 1.5 g of baker's yeast, which helps in the release of spores and serves as a good growth promoter.
- 5. Stir, pour into a jar or bottle and leave for 2 weeks at room temperature.
- 6. Remove foam and drain water, and leave sediment for another week.
- 7. Remove the liquid once again, and put the finished suspension in the refrigerator.
- 1. Choose a small tree, under which the desired mushroom is guaranteed to grow, and transplant it to your site.
- 2. Carefully dig up and transfer the mycelium along with the soil.
- different types have different location mycelium, it is either superficial or goes deep into the soil;
- for better mycelium survival, it is recommended to prepare a plot in the fall, covering it with forest soil and herbs corresponding to the growth area of \u200b\u200ba particular type of mushroom.
- compost (with soil);
- grain - in the form of a bag of seeds.
- planting material is evenly placed on the surface of the prepared area, lightly rammed;
- the plot is covered with soil and fallen leaves;
- if a mushroom infusion is used, then they spill the plot well and cover it only with litter;
- during the season, they make sure that the land on the plantation does not dry out, if necessary, sprinkle irrigation;
- if the summer is hot and dry, then regular watering is required;
- before the onset of cold weather, the plot is well covered with fallen leaves.
- 1. Intensive, that is, in bags with sawdust or shavings. For this it is necessary to have a ventilated room with a constant temperature. The advantage is that fruiting occurs all year round under well-chosen conditions.
- 2. Extensive, for this, wood cuts installed on the site are used. The method is very simple, does not require labor, but the crop can be grown only in the summer.
- 1. For the plantation, wood cuts are prepared with a length of 40-50 cm. Only fresh pieces of deciduous species are used. At the end, holes are drilled to a depth of 3-5 cm, or cuts are made along the hemp with a length of 10-15 cm.
- 2. As planting material use purchased mycelium, which is prepared according to the instructions.
- 3. It is laid in wood and the holes are plugged with any material, for example, sawdust or plasticine.
- 4. Finished stumps are added dropwise in the designated place and watered.
- 5. During the season, you can spray periodically, but this is not necessary if the stumps are planted in the grass.
- as a planting material, it is better to use a piece of wood with a colonized fungus colony, which is implanted on the hemp of the site;
- reproduction with mushroom infusion is also allowed, but the harvest will not be earlier than in 2 years;
- for better adaptation of the mycelium, wood cuts are soaked for 2 days;
- for the winter, it is advisable to cover chocks with a colony of honey agarics with non-woven material.
- 1. Watering with suspension.
- 2. Transplanting mycelium from the forest.
- 3. Unfolding the caps under the soil.
- you cannot fertilize the soil, it destroys the mycelium;
- regular watering is necessary, especially when young mushrooms are growing;
- the absence of direct sun has a beneficial effect on the development of the fungus.
- boletus prefer partial shade, if there is no adult pine on the site, and there is no way to transplant a tree from the forest, then you can place the mycelium among berry bushes or near a fence;
- a plantation with planted mycelium requires regular watering and protection from trampling.
- prepared suspension of mushroom residues with spores;
- forest mycelium;
- ready-made mycelium.
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Basic breeding rules
Regardless of the type of mushroom planned for breeding on summer cottage, there is a set general principleswhich must be observed:
Site selection and preparation
The best place to plant mushrooms is in a shady area with a mature tree.Will fit and old fence or north side outbuildings.
A way of arranging a mushroom bed:
Making "seedlings"
Experienced gardeners believe that making tinctures is the most effective method sow mushrooms.
To prepare a suspension containing live fungal spores, large, overripe caps are needed.
A hand-made mushroom suspension turns out to be concentrated, so for planting it must be diluted in a ratio of 1: 100. It is desirable, as well as when receiving the infusion, to use live water, that is, rain, thawed or river water.
It is advisable to use the suspension immediately, i.e. Because during storage, part of the spores dies.
Mycelium transplant
This is another effective method grow crops in the garden.
Depending on the type of the future settler, this can be done in two ways:
Choosing the second method, you need to consider the following:
In order for the transplanted mycelium to better adapt to the conditions of the summer cottage, it is recommended to shed the planting site with a solution of mycorrhiza. It is sold in gardening stores.
Reproduction by mycelium
The use of ready-made mycelium for growing mushrooms is considered the traditional way... It is sold in specialized stores. So you can grow both woody and forest mushrooms in the garden.
Available in two types:
The mycelium of the second type is more common, it is more convenient to store and transport it. Work with this planting material is carried out according to the instructions.
Planting and leaving
Mushrooms are planted, regardless of the type source material, in cool weather.
Landing technique:
With this method of planting, most varieties of mushrooms begin to bear fruit the next year.
Growing tree species
These mushrooms got their name due to the way of existence. IN natural conditions they grow on old tree trunks and stumps. This feature can be easily used in the garden.
The most common types are oyster mushrooms and mushrooms.
They can be grown in two ways:
The second method is most attractive for gardeners, since it practically does not require personal participation.
Oyster mushroom
This mushroom belongs to the saprophyte family, destroys the trees on which they grow, therefore, when planning to plant oyster mushrooms in the country, you need to locate the breeding zone away from the fruit varieties, but in the shade of shrubs or buildings.
Growing rules:
The crop can be harvested already in the current season. One stump will bear fruit for several years.
Honey mushrooms
The cultivation rules for this representative of the flora coincide with the cultivation of oyster mushrooms.
However, there are some peculiarities:
If these fruiting bodies (mushrooms) were grown from purchased mycelium, fruiting will begin in the current season and last up to 5 years.
Cultivation of forest mushrooms
Experienced gardeners claim that up to 30 species of forest flora can be grown at their summer cottage. However, the most delicious and healthy mushrooms are of interest for cultivation.
Boletus, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, boletus, milk mushrooms, mushrooms are mycorrhizal fungi, that is, they live in close symbiosis with trees and plants. This must be taken into account in order to provide them with a comfortable existence on the site.
The principle of cultivation of various forest mushrooms is approximately the same, but there are some peculiarities.
Porcini
In natural conditions, it lives near large birches, pines, firs, which provide it with food. It grows poorly on fertile soils, prefers poor, mostly sandy. If there are adult birches on the site, then it will be easier to breed boletus.
The best way to transplant the white fungus mycelium is to transplant a young birch tree from the forest, which grew in a mushroom place near old trees.
Boletus planting can be done in three ways:
As practice shows, watering the site with infusion is more effective.
Important:
It was noted that it is not advisable to plant boletus in places where boletus boletus grows - they are competitors, so there will be no harvest.
Oiler
A tasty and unpretentious mushroom, it takes root well and has high fertility. Prefers sandy soils, rich in lime, and the neighborhood of pine trees.
Transplanting young pines is the best way dilute the boletus in the summer cottage. However, dropping mycelium or watering the soil with infusion also gives good results.
Breeding features:
Fruiting of boletus begins in 3-4 years. During this period, a full-fledged mycelium is formed and the crop can be harvested throughout the season.
Chanterelle
The mushroom is difficult to grow. In its natural environment, it lives in symbiosis with pine, spruce, oak and fir. These trees are rare in the garden.
The fungus is undemanding to the composition of the soil and moisture, since it feeds on the roots of the tree.
Chanterelle planting is done in any way:
If breeding is planned with purchased mycelium, then it is better to prepare it in the fall and store it in the ground and in a cool place. Forest mycelium can also be stocked in the fall and packed in substrate bags. The main thing is not to allow hypothermia, the temperature in the room should be in the range of -2 - +8 degrees. From May to September, the mycelium is planted on prepared soil.