Appearance
The body is flat, oval, 4 mm long to 9.5 cm (or more). The head is triangular or heart-shaped, flat. Roth organs are rodent. Cockroaches have strong jaws, littered with chitinic teeth. Eyes big. Sometimes absent (often in cave forms). Extension mustache. Hollow dense; The wings are refigised, alone together under the outcrops. Often, the pulp and wings are shortened or there are absolutely absent.
Behavior
Cockroaches - heat-loving and moisture, very movable insects leading mainly nightlife; Day is hidden under stones or fallen leaves, in cracks on the surface of the soil, in the nonorah rodents, under the crust of the stumps and dying trees. The winged can arrive at night. Feed on plant and animal remnants.
Cockroaches are among the most endless insects. Some cockroaches are able to live without food until the month, as well as retain breathing for 45 minutes and slow down the heart rhythm.
The cockroaches are multiplied by sex and parthenogenetic way, but in order to proceed with the reproduction, the female must at least repent with the male. Modern cockroaches are laying off eggs protected by a special capsule - Ootek, which sometimes carries out a female and sticks out at the end of the abdomen. Some kinds of niphence; Tarakanov Roda Cryptocercus. And some other complex parental behavior. The transformation is incomplete, the larvae of looseless species with difficulty distincts from adults; Develop from several months (red cockroach) up to 4 years old (black cockroach), a line for this period is 5-8 times. Many types of cockroaches can fly.
Most cockroaches are heat and moisture insects. Optimal conditions for them: Temperature 28-32 ° C and relative humidity 70-90%. Tropical species are dying at temperatures below 20 and above 3. Several hundred cockroaches can live in a dark terrarium with dimensions of 50x50x30 cm with a sufficient number of shelters. Which can be made of flower pots, bark or packaging for eggs. A 50 mm layer of moisturized peat, fallen leaves or soils, mixed with sand is used as soil. The lid can be made of a metal or plastic fine grid. You can leave the aquarium and without without covering. If cockroaches can climb along the vertical smooth surface, the walls of the terrarium along the edges are better to lubricate vaseline. In this case, cockroaches will not be able to get out even from the open terrarium.
Cockroaches can be powered by almost any organic material (for example, feed for cats and dogs, bread), but also need a significant number of fruits and vegetables (not too much so that the remnants do not spill in the terrarium). Capacity with water is not needed. Clean the terrarium with cockroaches is necessary before the unpleasant odor appears. A good solution for the supply of cockroaches moisture can serve as orange slices, which, too. Help eliminate the unpleasant smell. Feed is better to use dry, for example, fish flakes.
Cockroaches can eat their fellows, smaller in size, which helps to control the population during overpopulation. Cockroaches may be mascopic ticks who do not harm them.
The males are smaller in size, thinner and have eight abdominal segments, the last of which is equipped with two additional peppers. In the females of abdominal segments six. The wings of males are longer than the feces of females.
Pairing occurs after a mutual examination of the peppers and raising the wings. During the entire process, cockroaches remain linked to each other. One type of cockroaches multiply by parthenogenesis.
Adult females make from one to fifteen layers of 16-45 eggs in each. Inside the body shell, the eggs are soft white, it becomes brown in the air and hardens. Nymphs appear from eggs within 2-12 weeks after masonry. Immediately after hatching, the nymphs dump the embryotic skin.
Most of the species store eggs in Ootek, where the nymphs are hatched, which also remain inside the maternal body until their chitinous cover hardens, and in some cases longer.
Other species also retain eggs in Ootek, but postpone them several hours before hatching.
Types of cockroaches that lay eggs over a week before hatching, hide masonry in deep clefts.
Nymphs that reach 6-12 mm in length can live with their parents. Depending on the view, they reach sexual maturity within 5-11 stages. The whole process can take 50-275 days.
04.12.2015
Homemade cockroaches refer to so-called synanthropic species whose survival is impossible in our latitudes outside the human dwelling. Of the 4000 species, synanthropic are only 300. About the most popular types and will be discussed.
About cockarakans
Suitable temperature and constant presence of food attracted these insects into human homes for a long time. Their rapid settlement occurred for two reasons:
- Accessibility of travel and migration. At that moment, when human migrations became publicly available - their travels are a new form can be brought in a suitcase or hat box.
- Breeding amateurs. Another factor was the passion for human exotic insects. That is how the American lunar cockroach and other species grown by lovers in terrariums fell into our edges.
The biggest cockroach in the world is a rhinoceros. This is an insect of 8 centimeters in length, having a weight of about 30 grams. His homeland is North Quisland (Australia).
Other authors consider the largest Madagascar cockroach. Its average length is 6 cm, and large individuals can reach 10 cm in the condition of the terrarium. In addition to sizes. These insects are unique in that they are able to publish special hissing sounds, trying to scare a rival or a predator, as well as when trying to attract female. The African cockroach is his erroneous name in the people.
All types of homemade cockroaches cannot survive in cold winters. They have a number of signs characteristic of each species. How many species of these insects can be found in our latitudes, you can only assume. Despite various origins, how cockroaches look like, it allows you to unmistakably determine any of their species:
- Incomplete development cycle. Nymphs are emerging from eggs (so called Tarakan Larva), practically no appearance from Imago - adults. Small cockroaches in the process of growth several times reset their chitinous covers.
- All species are distinguished by the amazing omeliness provided by unique microorganisms by Grenins, which are part of the normal microflora of the cisher of the cockroach. In fact, the cockroaches are powered, paper, wallpaper glue and other hard-permeable delicacies.
- The presence of edema is another distinguishing feature of these insects. This special education reliably protects the cockroach eggs from mechanical and chemical exposure.
- Flat body, fast movement speed and night lifestyle allow insects to remain unnoticed in human housing for a long time.
- Flying cockroaches. Most of these insects are capable only planned on their reduced wings. The only really flying view in our latitudes is not found.
- Dependence of life expectancy from food and water. How much cockroaches live depends on the food base. Usually, the life expectancy of redheads ranges from 9-10 months, and large black cockroaches live not a few months less. Most of this time insects are carried out in the larvae stage. Without water, these insects are able to live no longer than 7 days.
White cockroach is an insect only selected from their old shell after molting.. Few people know how homemade cockroaches look after molting. But sometimes in closed populations, albinos cockroaches may be born, which are not much viable. The molting process is perfectly visible on the video:
Tys of cockroaches living in houses
Below we will list the main varieties of cockroaches found in our homes. Some of them are frequent guests of our apartments, others occur there extremely rarely.
Redhead
Red-hot cockroach is a regular resident of apartment buildings, hostels, catering enterprises, as well as trains and aircraft. They are called PRUSAKI in Russia, although the homeland of this species is Central Asia. Life life of a cockroach of this kind without eating up to 50 days. The length of the adult insect is up to one and a half centimeters. Females look larger and less movable than males. Adult Prusaki have wings and are able to plan. All stages are very sensitive to low temperatures and at -5 o with dying. During life (this is about a year), the female is able to form up to 9 ootek. The number of young individuals raised from each of them depends on the living conditions of the colony and the provision of food resources. Nymphs are linked several times and for 2 months are already able to bring offspring. As the most convenient, this species chooses garbage tanks, refrigerators, sometimes - mattresses of beds or products storage. It is known that these cockroaches are able to survive under conditions of high radiation. They easily carry doses 15 times higher than those that are able to kill a person. In red cockroaches the main factors capable of limiting the duration of his life are the presence of water and air temperature.
Black
The black cockroach even recently did not inferior to the red. Black home cockroaches can survive without food for 90 days. The female for his life is able to give up to 30 drafts. They prefer to settle in raw basements, in attic, where there is central heating, as well as in the lower floors and low apartment buildings. These large cockroaches (the length of an adult insect can reach 5 cm) are able to scare with their size and frightening appearance. In Wildlife, they are found only in the young regions of our country, as well as in the countries of Central Asia.
Oriental peoples at one time considered these insect the talismans their homes and when moving they took them with them.
These wet cockroaches are able to digest shoe skin, soap, solid cardboard. If food ends, the larvae from edema can go out in 5 years in the case of the conditions favorable for them. From the eggs, this species hatch white cockroaches in the apartment, which are darked as their chitine shells strengthened.
American
The American cockroach Periplanets is another cosmopolitan. After moving to us from the new light. These homemade cockroaches are like red, but they differ from them greater aggressiveness. Bite and cockroaches? These - yes, they are distinguished by high aggressiveness and can bite children and domestic animals during sleep. Periplanets - flying cockroaches and are able to plan over long distances. Their length reaches 5 cm.
The female swelling is located from 12 to 15 eggs, the first nymphs from it go out 20 days after dropping. In total, these insects live up to 600 days, of which 400 comes to the adult stage of Imago.
In favorable conditions, the female can produce 2 Ootheki per week. Total for life, it gives up to 90 Ootek. Adverse conditions are able to stretch the life of this cockroach for up to 4 years. Tabs hatched by several females.
This species may produce parthenogenetic reproduction without the participation of males.
Turkmen
The Turkmen cockroach is the middle size and light brown insects. Its size reaches up to 3 cm long. Basically lives in the warm countries of Asia. This species is considered fast. It develops within 4 months. Favorite places in apartments are dirty and old floors. They feed on fruit in apartments and very much like dry food of your household.
Sewer
These black insects come from sewer pipes in search of food. They will gladly feed food in the garbage tanks, and are able to transfer many dangerous diseases (for example, helminthios or dysentery). They are able to move not only through the sewer pipes, but also inside the water supply, if there is no water, as well as on ventilation mines.
Harmful neighbors
All varieties of cockroaches are extremely unwanted guests of our apartments and houses. It is important to know in the house, as they look and what they eat to choose an effective system of combating them.
Turning off the water, removing the nutritional waste as far as possible from our housing, you can reduce the likelihood of these unpleasant neighbors in it and make our life more comfortable without them.
Roots are rooted with warm African latitudes and were drained by a man for all continents. Almost all types of cockroaches feel great in our homes, despite numerous attempts to get rid of pests. Cockroaches are very lively creatures, they withstand radioactive irradiation in ten times an increase in the deadly dose for a person.
The insect organism is designed in such a way that it can digest leather products, paper and even a tree, thanks to the plates located in the stomach and helping the processing food.
Most small poisons insect can survive if access to water. Even in the absence of food, insects can live up to two months, due to the ability to slow down the metabolism. The only whole types of cockroaches are frost, they are cold-blooded, so at a minus temperature freeze to death.
Cockroaches not only cause apartment owners aversion, but they can bring serious trouble, cockroaches can carry such diseases: typhal, tuberculosis, dysentery, hepatitis and many other diseases, also on their paws pests can carry the larvae of worms and other unpleasant things.
Furniture cockroach
Furniture cockroaches were discovered in Russia about 100 years ago. It is clear from the name that these insects love to hide in the furniture. The type of these cockroaches can often be found in urban libraries, in workshops for the production of furniture and bedrooms.
The characteristic difference of the data of cockroaches is light color, as can be seen in the photo below.
American cockroach
His homeland is Africa, but it was brought to America and he was wonderful in the houses of a person, where the optimal air temperature is constantly maintained and food is present in abundance.
Insect sizes do not exceed 3 cm and the reproduction rate is inferior to the usacon usual. The American cockroach was able to move to Europe and even took root in many countries with a relatively warm climate.
Vietnamese Tartara (Shelfordella Tartara)
This species dwells in the southern regions of Russia and is known under the names of the "Turkestan cockroach" and "Central Asian cockroach". This cockroach is quite rare and dwells mainly on the street. Adults achieve 2.5 cm, capable of jumping, helping the wings. The cockroach has a dark abdomen and a yellow headband, which is clearly visible in the photo.
Exotic cockroaches
Such cockroaches specifically bred amateurs of exotic animals. Some exotic types of cockroaches reach 10 cm long. Some contain cockroaches in the house as a pet, but many are bred large cockroaches for feeding various pets (snakes, frogs, lizards, fish), and do not require much care, so many prefer not to buy dubious food, but to grow independently and be confident in His freshness.
Dead head cockroach (BLABERUS CRANIIFER)
This species dwells in the tropics of South and Central America. He received his name for a pattern, resembling an ugly mask located on the head of an insect. He is also called the Cuban cockroach. Cockroaches grow up to 8 cm, black matte chitinic sheath, headband with black pattern in the middle, as can be seen in the photo.
The Cuban cockroach can fly well, and the wingspan reaches 10 cm. At the danger, the cockroach produces a sharp smell that long does not destroy. Lifespan about a year and a half.
MacropaNesthia Rhinoceros
The Australian cockroach spends most of the time underground, it is often called a gigantic rhinoceros for the ability to pull deep holes. At night, the cockroach crawls on the surface in search of food, they feed on the fruits, leaves and do not disappear.
The adult part grows up to 9 cm in length and weighs up to 40 grams, in the photo of the female and the maca of the rhinoceros. The Australian cockroach is often found among fans of exotic species of cockroaches.
Chess Tracakan (Theraa Bernhardti)
This species dwells in India, in the afternoon insects are hiding in false foliage, and at night they go in search of food as most representatives of the species. Black cockroaches, but have white spots on the backs arranged in a checker order. Chess cockroaches are long-livers and are able to live in good conditions up to 5 years.
These cockroaches love high humidity around 70-80% and warm air 25-30 ° C.
Madagascar hissing cockroach
The most common representative of cockroaches found in the insectors. This species came to the lover of exotic animals. Unpretentious, quiet and does not require skills for content. The dimensions of this giant reaches 10 cm, and their main goat is hissing in case of danger, which is created when the insect sharply produces air from a special breath.
Optimal conditions for the content of 23-30 ° degrees, and humidity should be in the area of \u200b\u200b60%.
Egyptian cockroach turtle (Polyphaga Aegyptiaca)
The cockroach has a rounded body shape, reminiscent of the turtle shell, the maximum size is 4.5 cm. Black brilliant sheath, covered with transverse plates.
Habitat Average Asia, the Caucasus, feeds on leaves, animal remains, feces. The life expectancy of the Egyptian cockroach 4 years.
Green Banana Tracakan (Panchlora Nivea)
A bright look of cockroaches that fly well. They arrived in banana plantations and feed on with leaves. This species was discovered quite recently and did not have time to gain popularity from fans of cockroaches.
Motherland Tarakan are Florida forests and cubes. The optimal temperature for this type of 27 degrees Celsius. Sizes of cockroaches are small and reach 2.5 cm.
Forest Tarakan (ECTOBIUS Lapponicus)
It dwells in wooded terrain, feeding on the leaves of trees, padal, plants. Hiding in the roots of trees and under the leaves.
There is a huge number of types of cockroaches, there is even a Japanese pest. Almost all types of cockroaches are harmless to humans and can not contact the skin.
Different types of cockroaches, time impertons live in a person's dwelling. Once insect was considered a symbol of wealth, now it is an unpleasant guest that delivers a mass of trouble and a separation infection. What attracts them in our apartments? The answer is obvious. It is warm and food. In winter, they do not survive in natural conditions, and the food is difficult to find a problematic.
Any cockroach living next to a person has a whole set of features characteristic of any type of:
- The cockroach passes three stages of development, a larva appears from the egg that turns into an adult insect - Imago;
- Externally imago and larvae are similar;
- Females of cockroaches have a edema for navigating eggs;
- Not to get lost in the space cockroach help the mustache;
- The insect is capable of overgrown and digest any food;
- For a long time, they can be simply not to notice, due to the high speed of movement, the ability to hide in cracks and cream and high activity predominantly at night.
How to find out Tarakana
In nature, there is a great multitude of insects and a person for the first time encountered with a cockroach can not recognize the enemy "in the face". How to find out what it is the cockroach? So, characteristic insect features:
- Length of the oblong or oval 4mm -10 cm bodies;
- The head is not a round, but flat, in the shape of a heart or triangle;
- The rod apparatus of the rodent type is covered with a shield.
In the photo - types of cockroaches that may be in the apartment.
Where are cockroaches come from
Of the five thousand species of cockroaches in houses and apartments in Russia, just some of them will be seized. Why do they choose to accommodate your own apartment? In each case, the cause is individual:
- Dishes, periodically left overnight in the sink;
- Migratory individuals from neighbors;
- Accumulated garbage and food waste;
- Brought cockroach from the street or with guests and much more.
After at least one piece of cockroacan penetrated the room, the likelihood is high, that their number will soon increase at times. Often, pests are breeding in clean rooms, do not forget that the cockroaches are omnivores and can eat even paper.
How to find out that cockroaches started in the house
Detect pests if they are still not immediately. Neighborhood will be noticeable when they will begin to manage in your kitchen, like at home. There are signs by which you can determine the presence of cockroaches indoors:
- On the tile, in the corners of the walls, black dots are noticeable on furniture - these are insect feces;
- See the cracks, the smallest gaps and all the angles for the presence of cockroaches;
- Tarakanov sometimes accompanies a specific smell.
Determine the look of Tarakana
Cockroaches are the most common synatropic insects. But among several thousand species of the house live far away. Most often in our dwellings there is a red cockroach, less often - black and American. In the south and in the tropics in the houses will raise other species, but they can not be called synatropic, rather this is random guests. Since the cockroach is a home differently, depending on the variety, give a brief description and photo of each of the common species.
Types of cockroaches in the apartment (photo)
Prusak - Red Tarakan
We considered the common types of cockroaches living in the apartment, but it is possible that you can meet an instance that is not in this list.
Watch the video about Madagascar hissing cockroaches
Cockroaches are one of the very unpleasant problems for each apartment apartment or at home. No one will be delighted, seeing the "uninvited guest" in his kitchen or in any other room. Some people believe that these insects are only one type. However, in fact, there are different types of homemade cockroaches that can occur in the housing of people.
They received a similar name precisely thanks to the accommodation of purely in apartments or private homes. In the natural environment, they are not able to maintain vitality. This is especially true for the climate of Russia and other countries of the former USSR, in which harsh winter or hot summer is often found. One way or another, but it is worth aware of the existence of the most species.
Common features
All types of cockroaches in the apartment, which will be presented below are insects with an incomplete cycle of transformation.
This means that in the process of its development, they pass the following stages:
- Egg.
- Lictery (nymph).
- Adult special (imago).
The larvae immediately after the "birth" very much resemble full insects, but have smaller sizes. With each subsequent liny, they grow and reach sexual maturity in about 6-10 weeks. Despite this, insects from the first minutes of their life deliver a lot of inconveniences.
It is interesting to know that more than 60-70% of the population of all cockroaches in the house make up precisely adult representatives of the colony.
In addition, it is worth noting several common features that are characterized practically for all types of cockroaches living in human dwellings:
- The eggs female hatching in a special capsule - Ootek. It resembles a leather handbag in which.
- The main conname body for pests remain super-sensitive mustache. Thanks to them, the cockroach is looking for water, food and features of the opposite sex.
- The pest has a ricking type of robot apparatus for processing enough coarse food. Some of these insects bite. Their victims most often become small kids. Cockroaches feed on the piping of the lips and the delicate skin of the ug of kids ears.
- The pest motor apparatus is represented by three pairs of intractable paws, on which you can find a variety of claws, hooks and other devices for moving via almost any types of surfaces.
- All varieties of domestic cockroaches, the photos of which will be presented below have a flexible body, allowing them to penetrate the narrow slots and hide from a person.
- For all insects, the night lifestyle is characteristic. It was at the late course of the day they show maximum activity.
Despite the overall features, each type of a particular insect has several differences. They are predominantly represented by visual features in the color and insect sizes. General principles of existence and development are characteristic of all.
Red Prussak - the most popular view
Among the big variety of cockroaches the most common and often found exactly the red view of this insect. In the people, it is called a stub.
It dwells in a variety of rooms, where a person works or lives:
- Country houses, cottages, ordinary buildings.
- Catering establishments (in case of foreign sanitation rules).
- In high-rise buildings, apartments of people, the private sector.
Most often, it is possible to find this insect under kitchen furniture, tiles, behind the refrigerator and in other secluded places. The main feature of the development of the pest remains the need for water.
Black beetle
Unlike his red fellow, he most often causes fear more often, not a disgust. His rich black color can scare and adult man. This representative lives in the basement, around the garbage tanks on the street and other adverse places for an ordinary person. Arriving in the apartment, it is a carrier of a number of bacteria.
Interesting remains the fact that the black cockroach never rises above 4-5 floors. Therefore, the tenants of the basements are more likely to suffer from his activity, which discover such a "guest" mainly behind the plate, refrigerator or bucket for garbage.
Despite such features, the black cockroach is still relatively rarely becoming a cohabitant of Russians. Absolute leadership in this plan keeps a red stroke.
American variety
Zamarsky fellow black and red insects. He himself comes from Africa, from where food containers got into the United States. In terms of its characteristics, something resembles a plus, but it has a flattened body and high movement speed.
In natural conditions, these insects live in the tropical forests of hot Africa, however, they perfectly adapted to the conditions of human dwellings. Show a high degree of aggressiveness. Can bite domestic animals and sleeping people.
In Russia, this type of insect is not too common.
Furniture cockroach
The main feature of the furniture cockroach is preferred by food rich in starch. That is why, unlike traditional habitats of the respective insects, it can be seen more often in secluded corners of dusty cabinets, where there are old books with which it feeds.
In the form of his caller, more rounded and has characteristic brown stripes, as well as transparent wings.
There are also fairly exotic types of insects, which are extremely rare in the houses of Russians. These include Turkmen and Egyptian cockroaches. They remain infrequent guests of people's apartments, and mostly live where they hold the cattle (stables and the like).
Obviously, the types of cockroaches in the apartment are very different. Despite all this, their appearance is a sign of antisanitarian. When spreading insects in the house with them you need.
If you wish to contemplate the behavior of all types of cockroaches, thereby expanding your horizons, be sure to read this video: