Interfloor wooden beams. The floor of the second floor is the ceiling of the first Beams of the second floor made of wood of different levels

In private low-rise construction, when arranging interfloor floors, massive reinforced concrete slabs are rarely used, preferring structures based on wooden beams. The advantage of such load-bearing structures is the relative simplicity of their construction, light weight and sufficient strength. Next, you will find out what material is needed to create the floor, and how the installation of the structure is carried out in practice.

Interfloor partition scheme - from base to finish

The basis of the floors built in private houses are based on. The following types of sawn timber can be used in their capacity:

• timber (massive, glued);
• rounded (calibrated) log;
• boards sewn together with nails, bolts or screws.

The lumber listed should be made from softwood such as larch or pine. Spruce lumber is less durable due to the high content of branches, therefore, they are used as beams of short length. Bars and logs of hardwood are not used as the basis for floors, having low bending strength. The use of such a material will inevitably lead to deformation of the structure under the influence of a vertical load.

To create a solid rough surface, the beams are sheathed on both sides with a board or slabs (OSB, plywood). From the side of the lower floor, a ceiling is subsequently formed (plastic panels, plasterboard, wooden lining) on ​​the second floor. The floors of the second floor can be laid on wooden beams directly on the slabs, boards with which the load-bearing elements of the floors are sheathed, or along additionally installed lags.

The beams are installed at a specific pitch, which leads to the presence of voids between the floor sheathing. This feature is used to insert materials with soundproofing and heat-saving properties into empty spaces. If wooden floors separate living quarters, their thermal insulation is not necessary - isolation from noise is more relevant in this case. When the interfloor partition divides the heated space from the non-residential attic, the task of reliable insulation of the floor is in the foreground.

The most reliable sound insulation material is low density mineral wool. To create a heat-insulating barrier, polymer insulation (foam, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane foam) or the same basalt wool is often used. When using mineral (basalt) wool as a heater or soundproofing material, a vapor barrier must be arranged from the side of the lower room and waterproofing from above.

We calculate the beams - section, step, length

In order for the wooden floor between the floors to be reliable, safe in operation and withstand the expected loads on its surface, it is necessary to correctly calculate which section of the beams is necessary and at what step to arrange them. It is clear that the thicker the timber or log, the greater the bending strength they have. The strength of the entire interfloor structure depends not only on the cross-section of the beams, but also on the frequency of their location. The normal spacing of load-bearing floor elements is considered to be a distance from 0.6 to 1 meter. Less often it is unsafe to place beams, more often it is not rational.

The strength of a beam with the same cross-section decreases in inverse proportion to the distance between its supports, that is, the load-bearing walls, therefore the thickness of the main elements of wooden floors increases along with their required length. The normal distance between the retaining walls is 4 m or less. With a larger span, you have to use non-standard beams with an increased cross-section or reduce their pitch. Sometimes additional support structures (columns) are installed to strengthen the floors.

As beams, beams are mainly used, which have a rectangular shape at the end, and the installation of the supporting elements is made so that the large side of the section is located vertically. The normal sections of the beams are considered to be 16-24 cm along the vertical side in cross-section and 5-16 cm - horizontal. Planks fastened together also form a bar, but the strength of such a tandem is slightly lower than that of a solid wooden part, which is taken into account when calculating the load on wooden floors. The most irrational type of lumber used as load-bearing beams is a log that has approximately the same strength as a conventional timber that could be obtained by processing round timber, but at the same time much more weight.

An accurate calculation of the permissible load on floor beams is the lot of professional civil engineers. To calculate the design strength of floors, very complex formulas are used, which can be operated by people with special education. However, there are tables with which you can roughly select the cross-section of wooden beams, depending on the distance between the supports and the pitch of the load-bearing floor elements. For example, when the span between the supporting walls is 2 m, a bar with a section of 75x100 with a step of 60 cm and 75x150 with a distance between the beams of 100 cm is recommended.With the same distance between the supports, logs with a diameter of 13 cm (step 1 m) and 11 cm (step 0.6 m).

The indicated cross-sections of load-bearing sawn timber are valid when the operating load on the floors does not exceed 400 kg / m 2. Such a load is calculated in the case of a full-fledged living space on the second floor. If the floors separate the lower rooms from the non-residential attic, proceed from a load of 160 kg / m 2, at which the cross-section of the bearing beams is correspondingly reduced. If, however, an increased concentrated load is expected in a certain section of the floor of the second floor (installation of massive objects), additional floor beams are installed in this place.

Methods for attaching load-bearing elements to walls - secure fixation

The best way to install wooden floors between floors is to insert beams into special niches that are formed during the construction of walls. Load-bearing logs or beams are inserted into the walls by at least 12 cm on each side, which provides reliable support for the overlap. This method is relevant when building walls from any building materials - in a brick house, in a building made of building blocks or made of wooden materials.

Niches for installing beams or logs are made larger than the sections of lumber. This is necessary for their correct installation in the nests and the possibility of placing them in the same horizontal plane. The sections of the beams that are inserted into the walls are first treated with antiseptic impregnations, then coated with bitumen mastic, after which they are wrapped in a roll of waterproofing material in two layers. The end of the beam is cut at an angle and is not insulated. This is necessary to ensure the free release of steam generated when the wood is heated.

A treated and protected from moisture wooden beam is installed in the wall niche so that there is no direct contact with the building material used for the construction of the walls. From below, a piece of wood treated with protective impregnations is placed under a log or a beam, from the sides and from the end side, the gaps left for ventilation are filled with tow or glass wool. To increase the strength and reliability of the floor, every fourth to fifth beam is pulled to the load-bearing wall using an anchor connection.

Placing beams in wall niches is a classic method that has proven its reliability over many years of operation. But this method of fastening the load-bearing elements of interfloor ceilings can be applied only at the stage of building a house. To fix the beams to the lined walls, special metal fasteners are now used, which are a kind of case for the end of the timber. Such parts are first attached to the walls, then the load-bearing elements of the floor are inserted into them and fixed with bolts or self-tapping screws.

The second method of fastening wooden beams is considered more technological, the process of installing floors is faster. But if we take into account the reliability of the connection, the classical method, which involves the support of beams or logs directly on the load-bearing walls, is out of competition.

Creating slabs between the first and second floors

The installation of a wooden floor between floors takes place in several stages, separated in time. If the installation of load-bearing beams is done during the construction of walls, then their further rough cladding, thermal insulation of ceilings, finishing of the ceiling on the first floor and the floor on the second - much later, when the house is built and covered.

The installation of beams is usually done when the walls are raised to the level of one floor. The masonry of the walls, made along the perimeter, and the erected load-bearing piers are a horizontal base, on which it is convenient to lay out wooden beams with a minimum adjustment of them at one level. First, the extreme beams are installed, which are laid, not reaching 5 cm to the vertical surface of the walls. Their relative position during installation is controlled using a water level or a laser level. Intermediate load-bearing elements of the interfloor structure are set in a horizontal plane according to a reference point - a thread stretched between the extreme beams or a long bar installed on top.

Before installation, lumber is treated with antiseptics and solutions (over the entire surface), which reduce the ability of the wood to burn. The edges of the beams laid on the walls are processed as described in the previous section. So that the bars do not move, they are often fixed to the walls with clamps or wire, after which the laying of the walls of the second floor continues, during which the lumber is finally fixed. Without reaching one or two rows to the final level of the walls (depending on the used masonry building material), in the same way we lay the overlap of the second floor along wooden beams. After the laying is completed, bypassing the installed beams, and on top we form a reinforced concrete reinforced belt, which is the basis for starting the roof construction (installation of the Mauerlat).

Beams are the basis of floors, their bearing part. To make the basis for finishing on both floors, it is necessary to create a continuous rough surface, not forgetting to insulate (soundproof) the floors and lay, if necessary, a vapor barrier. This is done in the following sequence.

1. 1. Roll up from below. To do this, it is better to use boards (you can not cut them), which are sewn solid across the beams, fixing to them with self-tapping screws. If a layer of vapor barrier material (film) is required, it is attached to the supporting beams of the floor before the roll formation is formed.
2. 2. The next stage of work is carried out from the side of the upper floor and consists in laying a heat-insulating material, which is used to fill the spaces between the beams.
3. 3. After laying the insulation (sound insulator), we form a layer of waterproofing and sheathe the beams. From the side of the upper floor, it is more profitable to sheathe the beams with OSB plates or plywood, which will immediately create the basis for laying the finishing floor material. If you use low quality boards, you will have to additionally install logs and already form a floor covering on them.

From the side of the lower floor, a crate is made on the basis of roll-up boards, which is sheathed with plasterboard, decorative or other finishing material. On the top floor, the final floor covering is being laid (laid).

Do not hesitate to spend at least a little time - since you are doing it yourself not yours deed (no offense, but in the sense just constants of fact-in the meaning, not being an ASG engineer, for example - you designing a floor at home) - look at least:
A) Data on the best (!) option than you proposed - (without dividing the beams and without decoupling - but type of minimal double-sided (!) design - there is clearly a flaw not less than 10 dB(10 times) in comparison with the minimum required (with a minimum - so that you just don't hear the steps on the first floor from the second.)
B) Initial information - from the link given by me above (from) -
1) The minimum requirements for the construction of the floor - so that at least not to hear the steps from the second to the first - from the post above - by the link from the professional acoustician S. Shumakov -

...1. It is impossible to achieve good sound insulation in wooden houses using budgetary methods.
2. The basic rule of sound insulation of wooden floors separate the surface of the floor and ceiling.
That is, the floor structure must not be attached to the beams (2.1.) OR the ceiling structure must not be attached to the beams (2.2.).
Technical solution
2.1.
rough flooring on beams + floor on logs with Vibrostek in two layers
rough flooring on beams + floor on logs with Silomer
subfloor along beams + elastic layer of Noisestop / Park / Floorbutts cotton wool + floor elements
rough flooring on beams + ZIPS - Floor
rough flooring along the beams + screed along the elastic layer
2.2.
ceiling filing made of gypsum plasterboard on VIBROPODVESAH + elastic substrate + parquet, laminate or carpet on top.
2.3.
overlapping on split beams.
Also requires as an elastic layer on top, as well as filing on vibro-suspensions, since impact noise is still transmitted over such an overlap quite well...
You at least minuscule(2.3) Ineffective - the cheapest and easiest - then apply - the one that is also present in the classic Blazi textbook (see below) - (in total, for example, with typical backfills for filing a sub-floor of the second ceiling of the first) or - without backfills - but from 2.1-2.2 higher) other -
2) And - look at least - by the same link -
only three pages the classical engineering manual, which has been repeatedly republished - there are both the Lnw numbers and the numbers for some Rw structures of the floors of private houses -
on
And - what do these numbers mean(next to the drawings of the floors of these three pages of the Blasi engineering and construction manual - for those used not from a hangover in classic floor structures by builders;
D) For orientation
soundproofing on drums influences -
a figure of 60 dB Lnw (current) corresponding - this value is required - to don't just hear the steps above. Correspondingly -50 dB Lnw- to comfortable almost inaudible running of your child on the second floor
(a slightly different understanding of the numbers - in the "addition" - with the drawings of the Blazi construction manual - see on)
2) Soundproofing airborne noise(conversations, TV, etc.) the lower classes of Mouzon does not apply-in a wooden house or -from aerated concrete or self-supporting insulated wire such the sounds do not decrease - you yourself know from the soundproofing branch of the forum house)
What do the additive numbers mean on the Blazi percussion drawings (dRw) or -integral-total (Rw) sound insulation for airborne noise through the ceiling - look at the attached table of the ratio of numbers and ordinary understanding of audibility-Attached file to on
And you yourself can approximately ... calculate according to the well-known Rockwall Calculator () -the second column - sound insulation for airborne noise - for partition(your floor in this regard is equivalent to the same partition - therefore you can and ... it remains to count according to the SECOND column - http://sound.rockwool.ru/#professional) there really is no WOOD as a material for partitions - therefore take the closest one - Particleboard .. For a total thickness of 12 cm, get 41 dB - this is nothing - from the position of audibility .. Standard for houses and apartments has a minimum Rw = 50-52 dB- difference from 41 dB -10 times ...
(And this is also - if we forget about the fatal role of the gaps between the boards - why do they not use boards in sound insulation - only sheet materials overlapping each other)
Do not hesitate - if you practice special business (what the engineers of the PGS have to study for more than 5 years) - at least these three pages with roof constructions for private houses view ..- on
Successful choice of floor structures!

An obligatory part of any building is the overlap, which is erected between the floors. It divides the room in height, forming floors. Depending on the structure being erected and the materials used, the type of overlap is selected. This is a very important step. The cost of overlapping is up to 20% of the funds used in the construction of a building, so it is very important to know how to make the overlap between floors correctly.

Floor options

Overlappings are divided according to their design features and functional purposes. These include interfloor, basement, attic floors. They are beam, prefabricated and solid. When choosing a floor structure, take into account the differences in installation technologies for its different options.

1. Beam construction is carried out using metal, reinforced concrete or wooden beams. They must have a large margin of safety.
2. The distance between the supporting beams should be 70-80 cm. The wooden supporting beam should not be more than 5 m in length for floors between floors and more than 6 m between the attic and the lower room.
3. The span for reinforced concrete or metal load-bearing beams can be any width.
4. Hollow and monolithic slabs are used to create solid slabs. To prevent the slabs from moving, they must be fixed with cement mortar. When installing the slabs, you will have to use a special lifting technique.

Advantages and disadvantages

Each type of overlap has certain advantages and disadvantages. Wooden floors can be erected in any architectural place of complexity. Wooden beams are not too heavy and you don't need any lifting equipment. For the construction of a wooden floor, you will need serious financial investments.

Note! The main disadvantage of a wooden floor is the increased flammability of the structure.

Metal beams are durable and extremely reliable. They do not burn, do not rot. But even despite all these advantages, metal beams are used less and less. In a humid atmosphere, they corrode, they also do not have good heat and sound insulation.

Reinforced concrete beams are durable, do not burn, they can be used to lay spans up to 7.5 meters, but they require special lifting equipment.

Wooden floors

Coniferous beams are the main piece of timber flooring. It consists of the beams themselves, the floor, the roll and the insulation. If the thickness of the floor boards is not more than 30 mm, then the gap between the beams should not exceed 50 cm.

Note! Before installation, wooden beams must be treated with an antiseptic, and the ends that will fit on the wall must be wrapped in several layers of roofing material. Leave the end of the beam open so that the tree can breathe.

Anchor the wooden beams with anchor bolts. Attach the cranial bars to their side faces. Roll from boards or shields, which you fasten with screws to the cranial bars. Make the ceiling according to the set roll.

Then you lay the insulation, most often mineral wool, polystyrene is used for this.

Overlapping with metal and reinforced concrete beams

You can take a rolled profile as iron beams. Place nine-centimeter reinforced concrete slabs between the beams. Pour slag on them and fix everything with a reinforced concrete screed.

Reinforced concrete beams must be laid at a distance of 60-100 cm from each other. Place lightweight concrete slabs between the beams. Then you insulate the ceiling with sound and heat.

Bezel-less

Such ceilings are a monolithic slab or panels, laid side-by-side. Beamless slabs can be prefabricated, combined or monolithic. In brick houses, precast concrete floors are usually used, which consist of solid and hollow-core panels. Beamless flooring is characterized by high strength and long service life: it does not burn, does not rot, it is designed for a load of 200 kg per 1 square meter.

During installation, the slabs are laid on a flat surface, on a layer of cement mortar. The walls of the building must be at least 250 mm thick. After you finish the installation, you need to fasten the plates with reinforcing bars and fix them in the walls with anchors.

From a monolithic slab

This slab consists of a monolithic slab that is fabricated on site and rests on the walls. For manufacturing, reinforcing mesh and concrete are used.

The overlap of a monolithic slab is distinguished by a high surface quality, it can be made of any form of complexity.

Note! The disadvantage of making a slab from a monolith is the mandatory installation of formwork.

If you choose the right option for overlapping your house and perform all installation and concrete work with high quality, you will get a durable and reliable overlap.

Video

Video on the technology of pouring a ribbed monolithic floor, see below:

The growth in the volume of private housing construction indicates an increase in the well-being of our compatriots. The younger generation can hardly believe that not so long ago it was necessary for 30-40 years to be on the waiting list for housing, and the result of the expectation was still unknown. Even those who had the opportunity to immediately pay for cooperative housing had to enroll in members of these communities by great dignity, the volume of such construction was scanty. This is the jurisdiction of those who too idealize the times of the USSR, but did not live then.

Today the situation has changed dramatically, a large number of our compatriots can buy ready-made apartments in high-rise buildings, and those who do not want to breathe the city's smog are being built outside the city. Building materials and technologies existing on the market make it possible to create unique projects that previously could not have been dreamed of by architects. But not all developers have enough knowledge to choose the right option on the second floor. Let's try to figure it out.

Depending on the specifics of the building project, there are two types of flooring on the second floor on wooden beams.

SNiP 2.03.13-88 dated 01.01.1989, Floors. Thickness, floor coverings, underlay, screed and subfloors(click on the link to open the PDF in a new window).

Table. Types of floors on the second floor over wooden beams.

When is it recommended to lay cold floors on the second floor

In order to convincingly answer this question, it is necessary to recall a few elementary rules of heat engineering.

Most professional builders strongly discourage making insulated floors on the second floor if its premises are used as living quarters. You need to know that in addition to unnecessary losses of money and heat energy, another problem may appear. If the technology is violated, the heat-insulating material increases its moisture content, all wooden elements are operated in very difficult conditions. Heat plus moisture is an excellent environment for the development of fungi and rot on load-bearing wooden elements, and none of the most modern impregnations can protect them for a long time. Over time, you have to deal with very unpleasant premature repairs. We hope that this information will help you make the best decisions in each case.

General requirements

Regardless of the specific features of the floor, building codes put forward general requirements for all structures. Only their implementation guarantees long-term and efficient operation of structures.

Insulation

Among the many types, two are most often used: mineral wool and. Which to choose? Each developer should look for the answer to the question independently, we only give our recommendations.

1. ... It can be rolled or pressed, it has come to replace traditional glass wool. It has two real advantages: it does not burn and does not emit harmful chemical compounds into the air. Disadvantages: high price, relatively high weight and hygroscopicity. The last drawback requires special attention. The fact is that cotton wool absorbs moisture very quickly and dries for a long period of time. This means that wooden floor structures are constantly used in conditions of high humidity, and this has an extremely negative effect on durability. Another problem of hygroscopicity is that wet wool dramatically increases thermal conductivity, and the effectiveness of insulation decreases markedly.

   

   

2. ... Many consumers are wary of this material, the consequences of competitors' anti-advertising are affecting. Like, it burns and emits aggressive chemical compounds. Such anti-advertising is spread by producers of mineral wool, they have their own personal economic goals. What is it really? Modern foam is made using innovative additives, due to which the amount of harmful substances released has decreased to the normalized permissible level. According to these parameters, there are no strict restrictions for foam plastic; by the way, it is less toxic than some varnishes used for the manufacture of furniture. Another little-known quality is that modern polystyrene does not support open combustion, this is a very important characteristic of all building materials. Of course, in terms of fire safety, polystyrene is much inferior to mineral wool, but this is not as critical as it might seem. In practice, no one has yet seen the whole house burn down, and the floor with mineral wool remains intact. Conversely, the firefighters did not observe a situation when only one floor with foam insulation burned down, and all other structures were not damaged by the fire. In the event of a fire, there is not much difference with what material you insulated the floor of the second floor, the house will completely burn out in any case. But in terms of the cost of manufacturability and durability of operation, floors with foam insulation are much superior to structures with mineral wool.

   

   

These are objective comparative characteristics of two heaters, analyze the information and draw your own conclusions.

Floor beams

Depending on the planned loads, boards of 50 × 200 mm, 50 × 250 mm or beams of at least 150 × 150 mm can be used. You need to choose only high-quality sawn timber not lower than the first grade. During the calculations, it should be taken into account that the load per square meter of the floor can reach 210 kg, and the maximum deflection should not be more than 1/250 of the length. For example, if the length of a room on the second floor is 5 m, then the deflection in its center cannot be greater than 2 cm. This is the maximum value, in some cases the deflection cannot exceed 1/400 of the length.

Beams and floors must withstand up to 180 kg / sq. m load

A 15x15 beam section will be enough

Beams should be impregnated with modern antiseptics without fail, all places of contact between wood and concrete or masonry building materials are waterproofed. And the most important thing is the presence of constant and effective ventilation of the space under the floor. This is the only way to ensure optimal operating conditions for load-bearing timber structures.

Soundproofing

Existing regulations prescribe that the soundproofing threshold for interfloor ceilings should not exceed 50 dB. It is known from physics that the higher the density of a material, the better it conducts vibrations. Sound is air vibrations, air waves of various lengths and intensities. All insulation materials perfectly extinguish them; to achieve the required standards, it is enough to make a 50 mm thick layer of mineral wool or foam between floors.

Maximum length of timber beams

The floor cannot be laid on flimsy substrates, and lumber has its limitations. Modern wooden channels can cover spans up to ten meters, unfortunately, beams cannot be used in such situations. They are allowed to be used with a span of no more than 5 m for interfloor floors and no more than 6 m for attic floors. But the optimal length is considered to be 4 m, with a further increase in the distance between the stop points, the deflection under its own weight increases significantly. In connection with such features, the beams must be laid along the width of the room, the step between them depends on several initial data: in the first place is the load per square meter, in the second place is the convenience of laying heat-insulating materials. To facilitate the selection process, there are tables in the building codes and regulations with the recommended dimensions of the beams, taking into account the span of the floor.

Floor type and materials

There are several options for arrangement, when choosing a specific one, it is recommended to take into account the maximum number of individual factors.

Natural boards or soft coatings can be used as finishing materials. But there is one limitation. If you plan to have underfloor heating, then wooden materials should not be used for two reasons. Firstly, they react extremely negatively to high temperatures and will surely crack. Secondly, wood has a low thermal conductivity, which impairs heating efficiency.

Video - Rough floor. Overlapping device in a wooden house

Waterproofing materials

They should only be used when laying warm floors with mineral wool. Where exactly and what kind of waterproofing is used?

If the room has underfloor heating, the installation process becomes even more complicated. There is an additional base between the insulation and the heating element. It greatly complicates the process of natural ventilation and worsens the operating conditions for wooden structures. This must be remembered before starting work with the floor, it is necessary to foresee the consequences of the decisions made.

Step-by-step instructions for building a floor

For example, we will take a difficult option - a floor insulated with mineral wool. Floor beams made of boards of 50 × 200 mm, according to calculations, such elements fully withstand the planned loads and have a margin of safety of about 40%. The stock is required for all critical architectural elements of buildings, the overlap is included in the list of such structures. For the vapor barrier, modern membrane coverings and a sub-floor made of 20 mm thick edged boards will be used.

Practical advice. In order to reduce the cost of construction, you can use OSB or plywood boards, used boards of the same thickness or various substandard sections for the subfloor. The decision should be made based on personal financial capabilities and the type of finish flooring.

Step 1. Place the floor joists on the load-bearing walls. We have already said that in order to reduce the bending force, they should be laid along the width of the room, and not along the length. Be sure to wrap the ends of the beams with roofing material, there must be at least two layers. It is recommended to soak the boards themselves with an antiseptic at least twice. The specific brand does not matter, they all quite effectively cope with their tasks, except for obvious counterfeit products. The distance between the beams corresponds to the width of the mineral wool sheets. Standard materials have a width of 60 cm, which means that the distance along the axes of the beams is also 60 cm. Thus, a niche with a width of 55 cm is obtained in cleanliness, this allows you to tightly insert the mineral wool and eliminate the appearance of cracks. Slots are undesirable not only because they cause heat loss. There is another problem - condensation is constantly present in these places, the tree gets wet and begins to rot. There is no point in talking about the negative consequences of such a process.

Options for fixing floor beams to wooden walls

There are quite a few ways experienced builders make the final decision on site. For beginners, we recommend using one of the listed methods.

1. Notches are made at the ends of the beams to fit the dimensions of the logs... Advantages - the beams lie firmly on the wall, additional fixation is not required in many cases. Disadvantages - the trimmed elements lose strength, it takes a lot of time to prepare each beam. During the calculations, it is not necessary to take into account the total width, but only at the point of the undercut. And there it is significantly reduced, due to which the consumption of lumber increases.
2. The ends of the beams lie on the felling line, special openings are made under them... A very simple and time-tested method of universal application. Professional builders always try to use this method of installing second floor floor beams.

   

3. Using metal special fasteners... They are matched to the size of the beam and screwed or nailed to the inner surfaces of the facade walls. The beams are inserted into the seats. The advantages of the method are simplicity and ease of installation. Disadvantages - the bearing capacity is reduced, the fastening is the weakest point and cannot withstand the same loads as the beam.

   

   

Step 2. Fix the vapor barrier to the lower planes of the beams with a stapler. An overlap of at least ten centimeters, all joints must be sealed with tape. We have already mentioned that it will not be possible to make a protection with a cavity sealed, moisture will find cracks in any case. But this does not mean that it is unnecessary to take measures to minimize this process.

Step 3. Nail the slats or boards to the beams from below. The finishing of the final ceiling will be fixed to them, the base must be strong. Heat-insulating material is laid on top of the rails. In our case, this is mineral wool, make sure that it fits snugly against the edges of the niche.

Practical advice. The thickness of the insulation is recommended at least ten centimeters. It is much more effective to lay not one layer of insulation of this thickness, but two by five centimeters. Due to this, it is possible to make displacements of the joints and completely eliminate the likelihood of the appearance of cold bridges.

It is very important that the mineral wool does not get wet, if the house does not have a roof, then it must be protected with a film. Wet material cannot dry out on its own in a niche; it must be removed for drying. And this is not only unplanned loss of time, but also a large amount of unproductive waste. During dismantling, wet wool breaks easily, some sheets must be completely replaced with new ones. As a rule, no one plans such losses and does not take into account when calculating the amount of insulation. As a result, a repeat visit to the building goods store is required.

Step 4. Lay the waterproofing on top of the insulation. We have already mentioned that for these purposes it is necessary to use only a special innovative membrane, it allows steam to pass through and retains water. The membrane is also overlapped and fixed with a stapler.

Step 5. Build a sub-floor. A laminate was chosen as the topcoat, and a solid base is required under it. Nail the boards tightly, but there is no need to specially tighten with wedges. Gaps of no more than one centimeter are allowed. Each board must be driven into at least two nails on each side, otherwise they will bend during operation. This is a very undesirable phenomenon, especially for laminate flooring - a light coating rises, extremely unpleasant squeaks appear when walking.

It is not easy to liquidate them, you need to completely remove the laminate, level the subfloor boards and remake the coating again. As practice shows, it is much more profitable both economically and in time to follow the recommended technologies exactly than to eliminate the admitted defects later.

The subfloor on the second floor is ready, the construction of the facade walls can be continued. Finishing covered can only be done after the completion of the installation of the roof, finishing the ceiling and walls.

Floor boards prices

floor boards

Video - Thermal insulation of wooden floors

Video - Laying the floor on wooden beams on the second floor

All photos from the article

The construction of buildings made of wood is one of the most popular options for a number of reasons: the environmental friendliness of the material and its availability in our country, the ease of work and the reliability of finished structures. And two-story houses are an excellent solution for those who value space, but do not want to occupy a large building space.

Their construction differs little from one-story options, but there is one very important nuance that should be considered in more detail - the device of an interfloor partition. It is this part of the design that we will consider in our review.

Materials used for work

You should stock up on everything you need in advance so that there is no downtime during the work. The list may differ, but the main components remain the same:

Important! The quality of all materials must meet the highest standards, this guarantees an excellent result and ensures the reliability and safety of the entire structure.

The main stages of the workflow

The instructions for carrying out the work will be divided into several stages so that you can understand all the features as best as possible. And we will start by laying the main supporting elements.

Fastening beams

Work in wooden buildings can be carried out in several ways, consider the sequence of required operations:

• First of all, products should be prepared - to clean them of contamination and remnants of the bark, if any, and also to cover with a special fire-retardant composition. This will protect the wood from fire and damage from wood borers and significantly extend the life of the structure.

• Further, all the necessary measurements are carried out, if cutting of the beams is required, then it is better to double-check all the dimensions, since cutting off the excess, you will simply ruin the product, the price of which is quite high. Cutting is easiest done with a chainsaw or other special woodworking device.

Fastening is carried out in three main ways:

• The first is cutting out recesses to the size of the ends of the beams and fixing each element precisely in special recesses. This option has been very widely used for several centuries. It is important to cut the material carefully so that the level of laying for all elements is the same, the joints are sealed and thermally insulated with tow, this helps to protect all cutouts from cold air penetration.