According to the heating receipt. Why do we pay for heating all year round

From March 14, 2017, heating bills are charged in a new way - without using a multiplying coefficient. This change was widely voiced in the media, so consumers became more active and began to demand that management organizations return the overpaid funds.

In the article, we will consider the existing rules for recalculating heating bills, as well as various general and specific situations associated with this.

Cancellation of the multiplying factor

By general rule in Russia, the payment for utilities, the consumption of which is calculated using metering devices, is charged using a multiplying coefficient, if in apartment building not installed the required ODPU. This measure is aimed at encouraging consumers to save water, gas, electricity and heat.

In March 2017, this rule was partially changed. From the PP No. 354 of 05/06/11, the norm was removed that allows the KU performer to use a multiplying coefficient in the absence of a common heat meter in the house. Until March 14, the PC was used subject to three conditions:

there is technical capability installation of a general house meter;
apartment owners are required to install this device;
despite the first two points, the MKD is not equipped with a heat control unit.

These changes appeared due to the release of PP No. 232 dated February 27, 2014. The experts of the magazine figured out.

Why the cancellation of the PC became the basis for the recalculation for heating

The main subtlety of the described changes in PP No. 354 was that the normative act began to work in March, but new rules for making settlements were introduced on January 1 of the same year. Speaking legal language, the amendments to the legislation were retroactive.

As a result, the management organizations had a need to recalculate heating exactly according to the main document guiding in such matters - Resolution 354. It is performed in the standard way - the amount of the overpayment is determined, which is then deducted from the payments of the apartment owner.

Payment for heat supply is calculated according to one of two formulas, depending on whether it is charged only in the heating season or in equal shares throughout the year. The resulting figure was multiplied by a multiplying factor of 1.5 in the absence of a heat control unit. For clarity, let's call it "Sum 1". In order to recalculate the heating bill, this figure must be divided by the same PC size. This will give the amount of payment without the canceled coefficient, which we will call "Amount 2". When you subtract the second amount from the first, you get the same overpayment that you want to return to the consumer.

For clarity, we present the mentioned calculation formulas on the image.

Changes in the calculation rules took place in March, which means that consumers have already managed to pay for the communal apartment for the first two months of the year. They had to recalculate the payment for heating for January and February, since these two months were substituted into the formula by the increasing coefficient. In March, the PC was no longer used in the calculations.

CALCULATIONS FOR HEATING DURING THE OUTPUT OF THE ODU

Until January 1, 2017, the calculation of heating charges in the event of an ODUU failure was not legally regulated. Disputes between the UO and the RNO on the determination of the amount of energy supplied to the MKD were resolved by the courts in different ways. About what positions the judges held earlier, how to correctly calculate the fee from January 1, 2017 and in what cases multiplying coefficients are used,.

Features of retroactive refund of overpayment

According to the current rules, utility service providers should not return overpaid amounts to the owners of premises in cash or in non-cash form. Such overpayment is credited to the personal account of the consumer and is taken into account when paying for subsequent billing periods.

Refund the resulting overpayment Management Company can in two ways:

a decrease in the amount of payment for heat in the following months (or in the next heating period, if the payment is charged only in the cold season);
reduction of the amount of the consumer's debt for heat supply, if any.

It is not always possible to credit the overpayment immediately after the recalculation for heating has been made. In such a situation, the balance is taken into account in future payments. The described procedure for return can be considered general, since in the PP no. 354 no special procedure is provided for such cases. What are the rules for returning overpaid funds for utilities, stated in paragraphs 61, 99, 102 and 155 (2) of the government decree.

PP No. 232 of February 27, 2016 does not establish a specific time frame within which the returned cash due to changes that have come into effect. At the same time, the KU executor does not have the right to withhold money longer than the allotted time. He must take them into account in full when paying for heating for the following periods.

In some cases, the offset of overpaid amounts had to be carried over to autumn 2017. For example, some consumers had time to pay bills in March before the heating bills were recalculated. In April, the Criminal Code already took into account the overpayment, but its entire amount was settlement period was not always chosen. If heating season that was the end of the year, and the heating bills were not charged in the summer, the rest of the amount was carried over to the autumn. In general, all bona fide CU executors took into account the overpayment of January-February until the end of 2017, and this issue was closed.

The calculation of the amount of payment for heating from 01.06.2013 must be made according to the calculation rules approved by the Government Decree Russian Federation dated 06.05.2011 No. 354 with amendments to the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 16.04.2013 No. 344 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules).

From June 1, 2013, heating consumers in an apartment building have made a payment for this service in aggregate without dividing the payment for heating provided in a residential or non-residential premises and for heating provided for general needs, as was previously provided.

Thus, the “heating” service should appear in only one line in invoices for utility bills. This rule applies to both apartment buildings with centralized system heat supply, and for houses where such a system is absent.

The calculation of heating bills depends primarily on the equipment apartment building and the premises in it with metering devices (general house (collective), individual and general (apartment)) and is performed in the following order.

Calculation No. 1

A common house (collective) metering device for heat energy is not installed on an apartment building, and in all residential and non-residential premises there are no individual or general (apartment) metering devices for heating.

In this case, the heating charge is calculated as the product of the heating consumption standard, total area occupied space and the rate set for thermal energy (formula No. 2 of Appendix No. 2 to the Rules).

P i = S i x N T x T T

N T - consumption standard established for heating,

S i - the total area of your premises,

T T is the heat tariff set for your region and service provider.

EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION:

There is no common house metering device for heat energy (heating) in your house. Residential and non-residential premises located in the house are not equipped with individual and general (apartment) metering devices for heating.

»The standard for heating consumption for your region is set at 0.03 gigacalories per 1 square meter of the total area.
»The tariff for heat energy for your region and service provider is 1200 rubles per 1 gigacalorie.

Heating bills for your apartment will be calculated in the following order:

0.03 Gl x 60 m2 x 1200 rubles. = RUB 2,160.00.

Calculation No. 2

A common house metering device for heat energy (heating) is installed in an apartment building, but not all residential and non-residential premises are equipped with individual and common (apartment) metering devices for heating.

In this case, the calculation of the payment for heating will be based on the readings of the common house meter, the total area of the occupied premises and the tariff set for heat energy (formula No. 3 of Appendix No. 2 to the Rules).

V D - the amount of heat energy, determined according to the readings of the general house metering device,

S i - total area of residential or non-residential premises,

S about - the total area of all residential and non-residential premises located in an apartment building,

T T is the heat tariff set for your region.

EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION:

A common house metering device for heat energy (heating) is installed on your apartment building. Not all residential and non-residential premises in the house are equipped with individual or common (apartment) heating meters.

»The total area of your apartment is 60 square meters.
»The total area of residential and non-residential premises located in the house is 8000 square meters.
»The heat tariff set for your region and service provider is 1200 rubles per 1 gigacalorie.

Heating bills for your apartment will be calculated as follows:

200 hl x 60m 2/8000 m 2 x 1200 rubles. = 1800 rubles.

Calculation No. 3

A common house (collective) metering device for thermal energy is installed on an apartment building. All residential and non-residential premises located in the house are equipped with individual or common (apartment) heating meters.

In this case, the calculation of the amount of payment for heating is made based on the readings of the general house and individual metering devices for thermal energy, the total area of the occupied premises and all residential and non-residential premises in the house, as well as the tariff set for thermal energy (formula No. 3 (1) of Appendix No. 2 to the Rules).

V i n - the amount of heat energy, determined according to the readings of an individual metering device for which the payment is calculated,

V i ОДН - the volume of heat energy provided for general household needs, which is defined as the difference between the readings of the general house meter, the amount of heat energy determined from the readings of all individual metering devices installed in the house, as well as the amount of heat energy used to heat hot water supply ... Moreover, the last component is used in houses that do not have a centralized hot water supply system.

S i - the total area of the occupied premises,

S about - the total area of all residential and non-residential premises located in the house,

T cr is the heat energy tariff set for your region.

In other words, the payment for heating in this case consists of heat energy consumed according to an individual metering device and heat energy assigned to general household needs, which is distributed in proportion to the total area occupied.

EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION:

Your house is equipped with a common house thermal energy meter. All residential and non-residential premises have individual heating meters. The apartment building does not have a centralized hot water supply system.

»The amount of heat energy, determined according to the readings of the general house metering device, is 200 gigacalories.
»The amount of heat energy, determined according to the readings of an individual metering device installed in your apartment, is 2 gigacalories.
»The volume of heat energy, determined according to the indications of individual metering devices installed in all residential and non-residential premises of an apartment building, is 160 gigacalories.
»The volume of heat energy used in the production of hot water supply is 20 gigacalories.
»The total area of your apartment is 60 square meters.
»The total area of all residential and non-residential premises located in the house is 8000 square meters.
»The tariff for heat energy is set for your region and supplier at 1200 rubles per 1 gigacalorie.

Heating bills for your apartment will be calculated as follows:

(2 + (200 - 160 - 20) x 60/8000) x 1200 = 2580 rubles.

Residents of apartment buildings are often interested in how profitable common house heating meters are, the installation of which has recently been mandatory in all regions of Russia.

It is difficult to answer this question unambiguously, since there are several options for calculating the monthly fee for such a service. Let's take a closer look at the existing accrual procedures, taking into account all sorts of nuances.

V Federal Law RF of 23.11.09 No. 261-FZ "On energy conservation of energy resources and the use of metering devices for used energy resources when calculating for them" indicates the importance of installing general house meters designed to control heat consumption.

According to law No. 261, management companies can install heat metering devices without the consent of residents apartment buildings, charging payment according to the received data

The regulation obliges the installation of such devices in all apartment buildings, with the exception of emergency buildings... In addition, it was considered inappropriate to equip buildings with these devices if the amount of payment for the purchase and installation of the flow meter exceeds the amount of payments for heating received within six months.

Legislators believe that this regulation will help to achieve the following goals:

Equitable distribution of payments for heat supplied to homes. Homeowners who care about reducing heat loss (for example, who are engaged in thermal insulation of an apartment or facade) must pay less than those who have constant heat leakage through cracks or an open window.
Motivation of residents to respect both residential and common premises. They should know that the heating fee will automatically increase in the event of an open door or broken glass, not only in the apartment, but also in the entrance.

In addition, Law No. 261 officially transfers responsibility for common property to tenants. According to this legal act, utilities are no longer responsible for the state of entrances, basements and attics. All works in places common use should be carried out at the expense of the owners of apartments located in the same building.

Varieties of general house heat meters

As devices for heat control, various equipment is used, which may differ in the way of operation, design features, the specifics of maintenance and installation.

Like any measuring device, a general house flow meter is subject to mandatory verification, which, as a rule, is carried out once every 3-4 years. Not only the service life depends on this procedure, but also the correctness of the instrument readings.

Specialists of the organization engaged in installation and maintenance will help you decide on the installation of a particular model. similar devices in the city (region). They will tell you about the features of the devices, recommend options that work best in local conditions.

They will also advise on equipment (valves, filters, etc.), which should be purchased additionally, and will also give advice on warranty obligations supplier firm.

Most often, four types of flow meters are used in housing and communal services:

tachometric (mechanical);
vortex;
electromagnetic;
ultrasonic.

Let's consider the above devices in detail.

Option # 1: tachometric

Such devices, the system of which includes mechanical rotary or vane devices and heat calculators, are considered the most budget option, since their cost is much lower than similar devices of other types. However, for their installation, in addition to standard equipment, an additional magnetic-mechanical filter is required, which protects both the device itself and the entire system from contamination.

The tachometer meters are powered by a battery that lasts for 5-6 years. Due to the lack of sensitive electronics, the device can long time function reliably in unfavorable conditions (e.g. high humidity)

The main disadvantage of this category of models is the impossibility of using them with low water quality (increased hardness, a large percentage of impurities). In this case, the filter quickly clogs up, causing a decrease in the pressure of the coolant. Due to this feature of operation, tachometric meters are usually used only in the private sector.

Option # 2: electromagnetic

Such devices are based on the well-known property of liquids - the generation of an electric current during the passage of magnetic fields. By measuring the volume of water and entering / leaving temperatures, even very small currents can be captured.

Electromagnetic devices are highly accurate, but require high-quality installation and regular maintenance produced by qualified personnel. In case of untimely cleaning, the devices begin to overestimate the readings. Data distortion in big side also contributes to the high content of ferrous compounds in the liquid and poor-quality wiring.

Option # 3: vortex

When a liquid flow meets an obstacle, vortices are formed in the water. The action of mechanisms of this type is based on this principle. Such measuring devices can be installed both in horizontal and vertical sections of communication systems, the main thing is that the device is located in a straight section of the pipeline.

A great advantage of vortex devices is the presence of a radio interface, thanks to which service organizations have the ability to remotely take readings and receive information about malfunctions

The advantages of such meters include low energy consumption (one lithium-ion battery lasts about 5 years). Vortex meters are sensitive to pressure drops, as well as the presence of large impurities, which is why they require additional installation filters. At the same time, impurities of metal salts in water, as well as the formed deposits in pipes, do not affect the readings of the instruments.

Option # 4: ultrasonic

The readings of this type of apparatus are based on the passage of an ultrasonic signal through a water stream. The higher the speed of the latter, the longer it will wait for a response.

Ultrasonic meters are very sensitive to welding currents. They are also not very durable under conditions of inadequate water quality in the system.

Appliances of this type perform well in new houses, in the pipes of which there are no deposits. However, foreign matter, pressure drops, air bubbles in the water can significantly increase the readings of this category of flow meters.

Before installing the flow meter, you need to know

All costs for the purchase, installation, maintenance of the device are borne by the residents. For owners of non-privatized apartments, the cost of installation is reimbursed by the local municipality.

When choosing a company to install a heating meter, it is necessary to find out whether it has permits, approvals and certificates, as well as a certificate of state registration

The choice of an organization that will undertake the installation of the device requires special attention... It is desirable that the same company is also engaged in maintenance of the meter, including timely cleaning of filters, carrying out maintenance, regular check of the device serviceability.

External negative factors

It is also important to take into account that many external factors influence the correct operation of flow meters. Among them are such reasons as:

Formation of mineral deposits in pipes, due to which their inner diameter... This causes the flow to increase. Insofar as measuring instruments are designed for a certain size of elements, a decrease in this indicator will lead to incorrect calculations, and the result obtained will exceed the actual value.
The presence of impurities in the water. Mechanical impurities and air bubbles cause a significant error of readings, reaching 10%. To purify the liquid, it is recommended to additionally equip the devices with filters that trap foreign particles.
Precipitation on the parts of the flow meter. When using mechanical structures, such a process reduces the readings, while in other types of devices it causes a significant (sometimes multiple) excess of the actual values.
Unfavorable microclimate of the room where the measuring device was installed. Dampness, temperature changes are especially reflected in devices with electronic mechanisms.
Lack of grounding and poor electrical circuits, as a result of which an electrical potential can develop in the pipeline.
Uneven pressure in the system adversely affects the correctness of the measurements. The same can be said about careless installation of the meter, which can also distort the data.
Heat carrier temperature. Hot liquid, the temperature of which exceeds the permissible limits, can damage the elements of the meter.

In order to avoid false readings and prolong the life of the device, it is important to regularly carry out qualified maintenance work and check the device.

House-wide ways to save money

There are several proven ways to reduce heating bills generated by common household meters.

Insulation of the facade of the house with mineral wool, foam or other materials will reduce heat transfer in environment, which means, and reduce heat consumption

The following joint activities will help to reduce the indicators:

high-quality insulation of the building;
full glazing of the entrance with the replacement of conventional frames with more durable and heat-insulating metal-plastic products.

While these activities will require a one-time investment from residents, they are beneficial in the long term.

Settlement operations for a common house appliance

Not so long ago, the Russian Federation adopted the Decree of the Government of Russia No. 603 dated 06/29/2016, which details the updated rules for calculating heating by a common meter.

According to this legislative act, the price of heat energy depends on the following factors:

heat supply from a heating plant or a small boiler house serving a house (group of buildings);
presence / absence of common heat meter;
equipment of apartments with individual flow meters or their absence.

According to clause 42.1 of the "Calculation Rules" No. 354, depending on the decision of the local municipality, the payment for the provided heat may be charged only during the heating season or evenly distributed monthly throughout the year. Several options are considered in the adopted legislative act.

Heating supply to the house with a control room (without individual devices)

If heat is supplied to a building equipped with general house flow meters, and the apartments do not have individual heat meters, then in case of payment for heat during the heating season, the calculation is made according to the formula:

P = V x (S / S about) x T, where

V is the total amount of heat supplied to the building based on the readings of the general house flow meter (in giga calories);

S - the total area of a separate apartment (in square meters);
S about - the total living area of the apartments located in the building, m 2;
T is the tariff for one gigacalorie provided (set by the local administration in agreement with the suppliers of this service), rubles / Gcal.

If the payment for heat is charged evenly throughout the year, the conversion factor K is added to the formula. It is calculated by dividing the number of months of the heating season (7-8) by 12 (the number of months in a year). If the heating period for houses lasts for seven months, then K = 0.58.

Regardless of the calculation scheme, the total amount paid during the year will be approximately the same.

If the installation of the OPU is not possible

In this case, the procedure for calculating payments for heat to residents of old houses is considered, where, by virtue of technological features networks installation of general house metering devices is impossible. In this case, payments are calculated in accordance with the standard for heat consumption.

The general house meter itself does not reduce the consumption of heat energy, however, its use motivates residents to consciously refer to this resource.

When calculating payments only in the months of the heating period, the formula is used:

P = S x N x T, where

S is the total area of housing, m 2;
N is the standard rate of heat consumption, measured in giga calories per square meter;
T is the tariff for 1 Gcal established by the local administration, agreed upon with the service provider, rubles / Gcal.

If the payment for heat energy is divided into all months of the year, then the conversion factor K = 0.58 should be added to the formula (as in the previous case, it is calculated by dividing 7 months of the heating season by 12 months). Thus, the formula will look like:

P = S x (N x K) x T

As in the previously noted case, the total annual payments will be the same.

The absence of a control unit if it is possible to install it

If the house does not have a general house meter, but there is a technical possibility of its installation, then the following formula is used to calculate the payment during the heating season:

P = S × N × K pov × T, where

S is the area of the required premises (in sq.m.);
N is the standard for heat consumption (Gcal / m2);
K pov is a multiplying coefficient, the value of which varies. In 2016, this figure was 1.4, and since January 1, 2017, it has increased to 1.5;
T is the heat tariff established in the given region (RUB / Gcal).

In the case of monthly payment for heat throughout the year, the resulting number is multiplied by the already known coefficient K = 0.58 (for a seven-month heating season).

Heat calculation with OPU and individual meters

This option is often found in newly commissioned houses. In this case, the calculation is made according to the formula:

P = (V and + V o x S / S about) x T, where

V and - the amount of heat consumed during the calculated period according to the indications of individual flow meters (Gcal);

V o - the amount of heat in gigacalories supplied to the residents of the house according to the total meter, excluding the consumed amount, which is determined by the formula

, where

V n - the amount of heat consumed for the calculated interval, determined according to the indications of general house devices for the period of the heating season (Gcal);
S1 - the area of the living quarters equipped with an individual meter (sq. M);
Vod - the amount of electricity according to the readings of individual flow meters installed in apartments;
S about - the total area of residential and office premises in the house (square meters);
T - the tariff for heat energy accepted in the given region.

In this case, payment is made exclusively during the heat supply season.

Benefits of using counters

Household flow meters can significantly save on heating. The price for heat, calculated according to actual indicators, is on average 30% lower than according to the standards.

The high cost of a common household heat metering device is reimbursed within three years from the date of installation, since such a device allows you to reduce payments for heat by almost a third

In addition, when paying at the established rates, the beginning / end of the heating period is not taken into account: regardless of the specific data, the charge is made for the whole month.

But a common house meter does not solve all problems with payment for heating, since in this case you have to pay according to averaged data to all apartment owners, regardless of the amount of heat consumed.

Although the cost of an individual heat control device is very significant, it pays for itself quite quickly, especially if measures are taken to save heat.

In this case, the residents will be helped out by an individual heat energy meter, which also allows you to regulate the heat transfer of the radiators.

Calculation of standards for heating

When developing norms for heat consumption, it is taken into account:

The total consumption of heat energy, which is required to heat all rooms during the heating season.
The total area of heated spaces in the building, as well as buildings connected to the heating system.
The duration of the heating season (including incomplete calendar months in which the measurements were taken are taken into account).
In addition, when making calculations, it is mandatory to take into account average daily temperatures heated air inside the room and cold outside (measurements are taken during the heating season). In the first case, the indicators specified in regulatory documents for the provision of communal services to the population. In the second, the average statistical value for five previous heating periods is taken into account (data are provided by the regional hydrometeorological service).

An important parameter is also the average Maximum temperature, which is calculated based on measurements of the five most frosty winter days following each other.

Homeowners should take good care of the supplied equipment, since they pay not only for its installation, but also for maintenance and repair of the device.

In the temperate climate zone, district heating services are usually provided for 7-8 months - from September-October to April-May; in the first and last months, fees may be charged at a reduced consumption rate.

Regulatory and Tariff Approval Process

All calculated indicators are compiled by specialists and employees of heat supply organizations. Then they are necessarily approved by the energy commissions operating within a separate settlement, region, edge. Representatives of local authorities and public organizations, as well as deputies of different levels.

Calculation of tariffs is made according to legislative acts The government of the Russian Federation, which establish consumption standards for housing and communal services, including the amount of heat energy. Heat supplying organizations need to document and justify the offered prices for heating services.

Since the actual temperature of the outside air during the heating season may not coincide with the calculated standards, once a year, housing and communal services services recalculate. In severe cold, consumers will have to pay a certain amount, while in mild winter overpayment is possible, which is counted towards future payments. The same procedure is carried out once a year in houses where flow meters are not provided.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The video presented provides a specialist's opinion on the benefits that general house heat meters provide.

A general house meter is a useful device that can significantly reduce very large heating costs. Despite the high cost, the funds for its installation pay off quickly enough, especially with the conscious interaction of residents who are taking joint measures to reduce heat consumption.

Calculation of payment according to standards

Calculation of autonomous heating
Heat meters
Conclusion
Video

Pi = Si x NT x TT, where

Pi = VD x Si / Sob x TT, where

Substitution of specific values is performed in the same way as in the previous example.

Payment for heating in an apartment building

When the formula takes into account everything required values, you can calculate the heating in an apartment building.

Calculation of autonomous heating

The calculation formula is as follows:

Heat meters

Regulating valve;
Cleaning filter;
Shut-off valves.

Putting the device into operation.

Calculation of payment according to standards
The formula for calculating the general house meter in an apartment building
Heating calculation by individual counters
Calculation of heating in communal apartments
Calculation of autonomous heating
Heat meters
Conclusion
Video

According to current legislation, the calculation of heating in an apartment building is carried out in accordance with the current tariffs. Calculation according to the tariff can be carried out both with the help of heat meters, and with the help of established standards the volume of heat energy consumption.

If the building is equipped with several metering devices, then the difference between general house meters and devices installed in separate apartments, is evenly distributed among all residents of the house. To have a more complete idea of such moments, you need to figure out how heating is calculated in an apartment building.

Calculation of payment according to standards

To understand how the payment for heating is calculated according to the standard, and you need to use this technique only in cases where there are no meters at all in an apartment building, neither general nor individual.

Heating calculation according to the standard is carried out according to the following formula:

Pi = Si x NT x TT, where
Si is the total area of the room that consumes thermal energy,
NT - standard value of heat consumption,
TT is the tariff set by the local heating service provider.

Substituting the required values in the formula, you can calculate the cost of heating. The consumption rate may differ depending on the region, therefore, it is necessary to look for the required value in the corresponding regulatory documents. Tariffs are also individual, and before calculating heating according to the standard, you need to find out the specific values.

The formula for calculating the general house meter in an apartment building

Next, you need to figure out how heating is considered in an apartment building in the presence of a common meter. Subject to the availability of such a device, the calculation of heating is carried out in accordance with its readings. What is important - individual metering devices can already be installed in individual apartments, but if they are not in every apartment, then the calculation is still carried out according to general indicators.

The formula for calculating heating by a common meter is as follows:

Pi = VD x Si / Sob x TT, where
TT is the tariff cost of heat set for a particular region by a local supplier,
VД - the total volume of heat consumed by the building, which is determined by the difference in the readings of the total meters installed at the entrance and exit from the heating circuit of the building,
Si is the total area of a heated apartment that is not equipped with an individual meter,
Sb - the total heated area in the entire building.

Calculation of heating by individual meters

Now it's worth figuring out how payment for heating an apartment is calculated, provided there is a meter. If each apartment in the house is equipped with its own meter (at least a general one), then the calculation of the payment for heating can be calculated according to its readings. The cost of heat in this case is formed from the total heat, which was taken into account by an individual metering device, and the level of general household consumption.

The calculation formula is as follows:

Pi = (Vin + Viun x Si / Srev) x TKP, where
Vin is the total amount of consumed heat energy recorded by an individual meter,
Viodn - the amount of heat energy spent on heating non-residential premises in the whole house (determined as the difference between the general house indicator and the sum of all apartment meters),
Si is the total area of the apartment,
Sb - the total area of all heated rooms in the building.

Calculation of heating in communal apartments

By by and large, there is no particular difference in calculating the cost of heating in communal apartments from the methods described above - all formulas and indicators are the same, you just need to substitute specific values. The only difference in how heating bills are charged in the case of communal apartments comes down to the proportional distribution of payments for each room.

If you still carry out a special calculation for communal apartments, you get the following formula:

Pj.i = Vi x Sj.i / Ski x TT, where
Sj.i - living area of a separate room,
Ski is the total area of all rooms in a communal apartment.

Heating of non-residential premises may not be taken into account in this formula, since the actual values are always minimum.

Calculation of autonomous heating

Apartment buildings can do without centralized heating - their own boiler room is used to supply heat. With how to calculate heating in an apartment building under this condition, problems may arise - the calculation formula is rather complicated and not very convenient.

The calculation formula is as follows:

Poi = Ev x (Vcri x Si / Sreb x TKRV), where
Vкрi - the amount of energy used for the generation of heat energy,
TKPV - cost of this resource, which is determined by current energy prices,
Si is the area of an individual living space,
Sb - the total area of the building.

Heat meters

Heat meters must be installed in accordance with current legislation. An important point- the meter is purchased and installed at the expense of the owner of the premises.

The work of heat meters is to measure the difference in the temperatures of the coolant at the inlet and outlet to the system, while taking into account the volume of the supplied coolant. There are two main types of meters - tachometer and ultrasonic. The latter are much more expensive, but high price pays off more high precision measurements and reliability.

When buying a meter, it is imperative to check whether it is certified and whether it can be used for heat metering. The installed meter must be sealed by specialists who have the right to perform such work. The devices are verified every four years.

How are the heating bills calculated in an apartment building?

The cost of heat meters is usually relatively low, but it must be taken into account that a number of additional elements will be required for installation:

Regulating valve;
Cleaning filter;
Shut-off valves.

Per additional elements will have to pay a lot. In addition, it is imperative to take into account the cost of tie-in, piping and connection of the meter - these works can only be performed by companies that have the appropriate permits. The cost of all work may be even higher than the cost of the meter itself, but these are mandatory expenses.

When choosing a company that will install the meter, you should also pay attention to whether its specialists perform the following work:

Manufacturing of the installation project.
Coordination of the project with the heating service provider.
Initial verification and meter registration.
Putting the device into operation.

Of course, the cost of a heat meter and work on its installation is quite high, but all this is eventually offset by savings in paying for heating.

The calculation of heating in an apartment building can be carried out according to different methods. Choice the right way calculation depends on a number of factors, the main of which is the presence and purpose of a heat meter.

Calculation of payment according to standards
The formula for calculating the general house meter in an apartment building
Calculation of heating by individual meters
Calculation of heating in communal apartments
Calculation of autonomous heating
Heat meters
Conclusion
Video

According to current legislation, the calculation of heating in an apartment building is carried out in accordance with the current tariffs. Calculation according to the tariff can be carried out both with the help of heat metering devices, and with the help of established standards for the volume of heat energy consumption.

If a building is equipped with several metering devices, then the difference between general house meters and devices installed in individual apartments is evenly distributed among all residents of the house. To have a more complete understanding of such moments, you need to figure out how heating in an apartment building is calculated.

Calculation of payment according to standards

Heating calculation according to the standard is carried out according to the following formula:

Pi = Si x NT x TT, where
Si is the total area of the room that consumes thermal energy,
NT - standard value of heat consumption,
TT is the tariff set by the local heating service provider.

The formula for calculating the general house meter in an apartment building

The formula for calculating heating by a common meter is as follows:

Pi = VD x Si / Sob x TT, where
TT is the tariff cost of heat set for a particular region by a local supplier,
VД - the total volume of heat consumed by the building, which is determined by the difference in the readings of the total meters installed at the entrance and exit from the heating circuit of the building,
Si is the total area of a heated apartment that is not equipped with an individual meter,
Sb - the total heated area in the entire building.

Substitution of specific values is performed in the same way as in the previous example. When the formula takes into account all the necessary values, you can calculate the heating in an apartment building.

Calculation of heating by individual meters

The calculation formula is as follows:

Pi = (Vin + Viun x Si / Srev) x TKP, where
Vin is the total amount of consumed heat energy recorded by an individual meter,
Viodn - the amount of heat energy spent on heating non-residential premises in the whole house (determined as the difference between the general house indicator and the sum of all apartment meters),
Si is the total area of the apartment,
Sb - the total area of all heated rooms in the building.

Calculation of heating in communal apartments

By and large, there is no particular difference in calculating the cost of heating in communal apartments from the methods described above - all formulas and indicators are the same, you just need to substitute specific values. The only difference in how heating bills are charged in the case of communal apartments comes down to the proportional distribution of payments for each room.

Calculation formula: how the heating fee in the apartment is calculated

If you still carry out a special calculation for communal apartments, you get the following formula:

Pj.i = Vi x Sj.i / Ski x TT, where
Sj.i - living area of a separate room,
Ski is the total area of all rooms in a communal apartment.

Heating of non-residential premises may not be taken into account in this formula, since the actual values are always minimum.

Calculation of autonomous heating

The calculation formula is as follows:

Poi = Ev x (Vcri x Si / Sreb x TKRV), where
Vкрi - the amount of energy used for the generation of heat energy,
TKPV is the cost of a given resource, which is determined by current prices for energy carriers,
Si is the area of an individual living space,
Sb - the total area of the building.

Heat meters

Heat meters must be installed in accordance with current legislation. An important point - the meter is purchased and installed at the expense of the owner of the premises.

The work of heat meters is to measure the difference in the temperatures of the coolant at the inlet and outlet to the system, while taking into account the volume of the supplied coolant. There are two main types of meters - tachometer and ultrasonic. The latter are much more expensive, but the high price pays off with higher measurement accuracy and reliability.

The cost of heat meters is usually relatively low, but it must be taken into account that a number of additional elements will be required for installation:

Regulating valve;
Cleaning filter;
Shut-off valves.

You will have to pay a lot for additional items. In addition, it is imperative to take into account the cost of tie-in, piping and connection of the meter - these works can only be performed by companies that have the appropriate permits. The cost of all work may be even higher than the cost of the meter itself, but these are mandatory expenses.

When choosing a company that will install the meter, you should also pay attention to whether its specialists perform the following work:

Manufacturing of the installation project.
Coordination of the project with the heating service provider.
Initial verification and meter registration.
Putting the device into operation.

Of course, the cost of a heat meter and work on its installation is quite high, but all this is eventually offset by savings in paying for heating.

The calculation of heating in an apartment building can be carried out according to different methods. The choice of the correct calculation method depends on a number of factors, the main of which is the presence and purpose of a heat meter.

Calculation of the cost of heating in an apartment building,

equipped with a common house heat meter.

At present, heating charges have risen sharply and are about half of the payment amount. Why it happens? Having received a payment, people do not delve into the numbers, but go and pay. They think something like this: "Since this figure is worth it, it means that it was calculated in accordance with the requirements of the current legislation on the basis of the readings of metering devices" - IT WAS NOT SO!

Some Management Companies or HOA chairmen, taking advantage of the lack of control and illiteracy of the tenants, do it very simply:

1.The tenants are charged for heating according to the standard, i.e. according to the tariffs approved by Moscow, but they are paid according to the readings of the heat meter.

The readings of the heat meter are hidden from the tenants, tk. the difference between tariff and real consumption is significant.

OVERPAYMENT IS ABOUT 500 RUBLES PER MONTH FROM APARTMENT.

Let's admit. there are 100 apartments in the house, each for 500 rubles.

How to calculate heating bills, temperature standards

per month-50,000 rubles. overpayments, per year - 600,000-1,000,000 rubles. And if there are more apartments?

2. Some UK or HOA chairmen arbitrarily set the tariff a little less than the standard and proudly inform the tenants: “Here, we are generous, you pay below the tariff,” but in fact the overpayment is about the same as in the first case.

To avoid this, defend your rights and DO NOT OVERPAY at specific example show how to calculate the cost of heating 1 sq. m. in a dwelling (apartment).

The legal basis for determining the payment for heating is Art. 157 Housing Code RF and by-law-Decree of the Government of the RF No. 354.

Clause 4.2 1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. i354 states:

42.1. In the absence of a collective (common house), common (apartment) and individual metering devices in all residential or non-residential premises of an apartment building, the amount of payment for the utility service for heating is determined in accordance with formula 2 of Appendix No. 2 to these Rules based on the consumption rate of the utility service.

In an apartment building, which is equipped with a collective (common building) metering device for heat energy and in which not all residential or non-residential premises are equipped with individual and (or) general (apartment) metering devices (distributors) of heat energy, the amount of payment for the utility service for heating in the residential the room is determined in accordance with formula 3 of Appendix No. 2 to these Rules based on the indications of the collective (common house) metering device for heat energy.

In an apartment building, which is equipped with a collective (common building) metering device for heat energy and in which all residential and non-residential premises are equipped with individual and (or) general (apartment) metering devices (distributors) of heat energy, the amount of payment for utility services for heating in residential and non-residential premises is determined in accordance with formula 3.1 of Appendix No. 2 to these Rules based on the readings of individual and (or) general (apartment) heat metering devices.

In this case, in ordinary house Soviet construction, we choose the calculation according to formula 3:

3. The amount of payment for the utility service for heating in the i-th residential or non-residential premises not equipped with an individual or common (apartment) metering device for heat energy in an apartment building, which is equipped with a collective (general) metering device for heat energy and in which not all residential and non-residential premises are equipped with individual (or) common (apartment) heat metering devices, in accordance with paragraphs 42.1 and 43 of the Rules, it is determined by formula 3:

where:

- the volume (amount) of heat energy consumed during the billing period, determined according to the indications of the collective (common house) heat energy meter, which is equipped with an apartment building. In the cases provided for in clause 59 of the Rules, the volume (quantity) of the communal resource determined in accordance with the provisions of this clause is used to calculate the amount of payment for utilities;

- the total area of the i-th residential or non-residential premises;

- the total area of all residential and non-residential premises of an apartment building;

- the tariff for heat energy, established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Information about changes:

By Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 16, 2013 N 344, the appendix was supplemented with clause 3.1, which comes into force on June 1, 2013

Knowing the formula, the amount of consumed gigacalories for the last year's heating season, we can calculate the payment for heating in a particular house.

PRI me R:

House number 0: total area Sob = 12000 sq. M.

Owned area ∑Si = 10,000 sq.m.

Gigacalories (Gcal) for 2012-2013 = October + November + December + January + February + March + April + May.

Tariff = 1570.14 rubles / Gcal. (the sum of consumed gigacalories is taken for the last heating season and multiplied by the current year's tariff).

1. Initial data on heating.

1.1. House number 0: total area Sob = 12000 m2

area owned Σ Si = 10,000 m2

1.2. Tariff: = 1570.14 rubles / Gcal; in 2013-14.

2.Indications of house heat energy meters for the heating season

2012 - 2013

2.1. Meter readings by month (heating season 2012-2013):

Gigacalories (Gcal). = October + November + December + January + February + March + April + May = 92+ 126 + 228 + 250+ 150 + 200 + 113 + 0 = 1159 Gcal.

2.2. The total cost of heat energy for the heating season 2012-2013

is 1570.14 rubles / Gcal x 1159 Gcal = 1.819.792.26 rubles.

Note: see the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 dated 06.05.2011.

2.4. Monthly average (12 months)

RUB 1,819,792.26 / 12 = 151.649.36 rubles / month

2.5. Payment per m2 of area (the total area of the house is taken) =

151,649.36 rubles / 12,000 m2 = 12.64 rubles / m2

This is the real cost of heating, calculated in accordance with current legislation!

According to the standard, the consumption of heat energy for heating one square. m = 0.016 Gigacalories, i.e. the cost of heating one square meter according to the standards. approved by Moscow = 0.016 Gcal. X 1570.14 rubles / Gcal. = 25.12 rubles / sq. M.

Based on the current standard, slightly lowering this amount in an arbitrary order, without taking into account the readings of the heat meter, the Criminal Code (HOA) charges tenants a fee, for example, -22 rubles / sq. M.

Consider an apartment with an area of 76 sq.m.

Example: - i = the sum of the areas of all apartments in the building (square numbers from 1 to 100).

Then the cost of heating without benefits, calculated according to the readings of metering devices for the month, will be:

12.64 rubles / m2X 76 m2 = 960.4459 rubles.

UK (HOA) will expose tenants 22 rubles / sq. M. x 76 sq.m. = 1672 rubles - the figure in the payment of the HOA accounting department.

Thus, the difference between the cost of heating accrued in accordance with the current legislation and an arbitrarily taken amount in the payment of the Criminal Code (HOA) will be for one month:

RUB 1672-RUB 960.4459 = RUB 711.55

For a year, the overpayment for a single apartment will be:

RUB 711.55 x 12 = 8538 rubles 65 kopecks.

This is an OVERPAYMENT for a year from only one apartment!

Each site visitor can use the above calculation to determine their own overpayment, as well as the overpayment of the entire house.

On this page you will learn how heating in an apartment in Moscow is calculated: the formula and system for calculating gigacalories in an apartment building, a device for measuring heat metering.

Residents of apartment buildings are anxiously awaiting each new heating season, and this is due to the constantly growing tariffs for heat.

To be sure that an extra figure is not assigned in the next receipt and not be horrified by the amount to be paid, you should know how the heating in the apartment is calculated.

What does the indicator depend on?

Since the rules for the use of heat in apartment buildings have changed, now their tenants in the payment receipt see not one column, as it was before, but two:

The usual bill for the use of heating services in the apartment.
An account that takes into account the heat that goes to the needs of the house (ODN).

To calculate heating in an apartment building (2017), you need to know exactly how it is heated, and which device for measuring heating in an apartment records heat consumption:

There are buildings where there is a common house arrangement, but in apartments and other premises they are not.
Metering devices are everywhere: in every residential and non-residential premises.
Buildings without heat meters for general needs.

Only knowing the number of counters in multi-storey building and the cost of heating, you can find out how the heating fee in the apartment is calculated.

How is heating in an apartment calculated in 2018-2019?

Calculations when there is no meter in the apartment, but there is a general metering device

How is heating in an apartment in Moscow calculated? To be sure of the calculations in such a situation, you need to know 4 indicators:

The volume of heat consumption for the needs of the house. For example, for a month it is 250 gcal (each region has its own tariffs, and the amount of consumed heat can be seen in the receipt or found out in the service that provides heat to the building).
The next parameter is total area of the house, which includes all premises, from apartments and stairwells to non-residential premises - boutiques, offices and others. These data can also be obtained from the housing office. For example, the area of a building is 7000 m2.
The next element required to make the calculation the cost of heating in an apartment building, this is the area of individual housing. For example, it is 75 m2. There is information about this in the registration certificate for housing.
The last indicator is cost of 1 gcal (tariffs are indicated in the payment receipt)... For example, it is 1400 rubles.

Having all the data on hand, you can find out how heating is calculated in an apartment without a meter:

250 gcal x 75 m2 / 7000 m2 x 1400 rubles.

How is the heating payment calculated according to the standard?

Thus, the cost of heating in the apartment is calculated, now it remains only to make calculations for the general house heat.

This will require one more important indicator – total area of all premises in the building, both non-residential (offices, cafes, shops) and apartments. For example, it is 6,000 m2.

Now the calculation of heating an apartment in an apartment building will look like this:

250 gcal x (1-6000 / 7000) x 75/6000 = 0.447 gcal

Having received these data, it is possible, by multiplying them by the cost of 1 gcal, to obtain the cost of the heat tariff:

0.447 gcal x 1400 rubles. = RUB 629

By adding both indicators, you can find out how much you have to pay per month:

RUB 3750 + 629 RUB = RUB 4379

This is how the heating is calculated according to the meter in an apartment building, when it is common.

For apartment owners with autonomous heating such complex calculations do not have to be done, since they have their own metering device installed. But they will have to either find out the calculations of heat consumption indicators for general house needs, or calculate on their own.

Calculation in the presence of a general household appliance and a door-to-door

When in all premises, both residential and not included in the housing stock, there are meters, and a general-house metering device is also installed, then the calculation of gigacalories of heating heat in an apartment building is calculated differently.

With the first indicators, everything is simple. They are removed individually and are, for example, 2 gcal.

In this case, the cost of the spent heat will be equal to 2 gcal x 1400 rubles. = RUB 2800, where:

2 g Cal- these are the costs of a separate apartment taken by the meter;
1400 RUB- tariff approved authorized bodies, and in each region of Russia it is different.

To calculate the indicators of how much you will have to pay for public heating, you will need the following data:

General house meter indicators, let them be equal to 250 gcal.
The next thing to find out is, how much heat is spent on non-residential premises... You can find out about this in the organization of the heating network. For example, 10 gcal.
It will take data on the total area of the entire housing stock of the building... For example, 5000 m2.
Heat consumption rate= 0.025 gcal.
Building area with all rooms, both non-residential and apartments. For example, 6000 m2.
Consumption of heat energy, which is used for hot water supply of the building. Let it be equal to 30 gigacalories.
Calculate the amount of energy consumed for public needs:

(250 - 10 - 5000 x 0.025 8 - 30) x 75/6000 = 0.96 gcal

If the building has a central hot water supply, then the formula for calculating heating in an apartment will be carried out without taking into account the volume of heat energy spent on heating the water.

We multiply the volume by rubles- 0.96 x 1400 = 1344 rubles.
Putting the metrics together- 2800 rubles. + 1344 RUB = RUB 4144

This is how heating in an apartment building is calculated when there are meters everywhere. All calculations are easier to do based on the indicators in the payment receipt.

Calculation in the absence of a general-purpose heat metering device

How to calculate the heating of an apartment was indicated above, but you can calculate how much you have to pay for public heat if there is no meter in the building as follows:

An indicator of the rate of heat consumption adopted in the region is taken. For example, to know how the heating of an apartment in Moscow is calculated, you need information on the regional coefficient. For the capital and the region, it is 1.3, and in the regions of the Far North, it will be 1.5-2. And so on for each region of Russia. In our example, it is 0.025 gcal / m2.
Take into account the area of all premises included in the category of non-residential stock. For example, 100 m2.
Add apartment area, in our example it is 75 m2.
Take into account the area of the building in all "contents" e.g. 6000 m2.

Calculation of the heating system of an apartment building:

The amount of heat consumed is calculated: 0.025 x 100 x 75/6000 = 0.031.
We translate the resulting volume into rubles: 0.031 x 1400 = 43.4
By adding this indicator to the data for the apartment(2800 + 43.4 = 2834.4 rubles), the total amount to be paid is obtained.

This is how the heating in an apartment is calculated by area, taking into account all the premises in the building.

The examples given above allow you to learn how to independently make all calculations for paying for heating, both for an apartment and for heat consumed for general needs. It is enough to know the tariffs and basic indicators in order to double-check the correctness of the amount indicated in the payment order.

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